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Mohamadzadeh M, Fazeli A, Shojaosadati SA. Polysaccharides and proteins-based bionanocomposites for microencapsulation of probiotics to improve stability and viability in the gastrointestinal tract: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129287. [PMID: 38211924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics have recently received significant attention due to their various benefits, such as the modulation of gut flora, reduction of blood sugar and insulin resistance, prevention and treatment of digestive disorders, and strengthening of the immune system. One of the major issues concerning probiotics is the maintenance of their viability in the presence of digestive conditions and extended shelf life during storage. To address this concern, numerous techniques have been explored to achieve success. Among these methods, the microencapsulation of probiotics has been proposed as the most effective way to overcome this challenge. The combination of nanomaterials with biopolymer coating is considered a novel approach to improve its viability and effective delivery. The use of polysaccharides and proteins-based bionanocomposites for microencapsulation of probiotics has emerged as an efficient and promising approach for maintaining cell viability and targeted delivery. This review article aims to investigate the use of different bionanocomposites in microencapsulation of probiotics and their effect on cell survival in long-term storage and harsh conditions in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Fazeli
- Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Lin Q, Si Y, Zhou F, Hao W, Zhang P, Jiang P, Cha R. Advances in polysaccharides for probiotic delivery: Properties, methods, and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121414. [PMID: 37940247 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are essential to improve the health of the host, whereas maintaining the viability of probiotics in harsh environments remains a challenge. Polysaccharides have non-toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and outstanding biodegradability, which can protect probiotics by forming a physical barrier and show a promising prospect for probiotic delivery. In this review, we summarize polysaccharides commonly used for probiotic microencapsulation and introduce the microencapsulation technologies, including extrusion, emulsion, spray drying, freeze drying, and electrohydrodynamics. We discuss strategies for better protection of probiotics and introduce the applications of polysaccharides-encapsulated probiotics in functional food, oral formulation, and animal feed. Finally, we propose the challenges of polysaccharides-based delivery systems in industrial production and application. This review will help provide insight into the advances and challenges of polysaccharides in probiotic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China; Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Yanxue Si
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Fengshan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Wenshuai Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Pai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Peng Jiang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Ruitao Cha
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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3
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Manzoor M, Mir RA, Farooq A, Hami A, Pakhtoon MM, Sofi SA, Malik FA, Hussain K, Bhat MA, Sofi NR, Pandey A, Khan MK, Hamurcu M, Zargar SM. Shifting archetype to nature's hidden gems: from sources, purification to uncover the nutritional potential of bioactive peptides. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:252. [PMID: 37388856 PMCID: PMC10299963 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary scientific findings revealed that our daily food stuffs are enriched by encrypted bioactive peptides (BPs), evolved by peptide linkage of amino acids or encrypted from the native protein structures. Remarkable to these BPs lies in their potential health benefiting biological activities to serve as nutraceuticals or a lead addition to the development of functional foods. The biological activities of BPs vary depending on the sequence as well as amino acid composition. Existing database records approximately 3000 peptide sequences which possess potential biological activities such as antioxidants, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, anti-adipogenics, anti-microbials, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancerous. The growing evidences suggest that BPs have very low toxicity, higher accuracy, less tissue accretion, and are easily degraded in the disposed environment. BPs are nowadays evolved as biologically active molecules with potential scope to reduce microbial contamination as well as ward off oxidation of foods, amend diverse range of human diseases to enhance the overall quality of human life. Against the clinical and health perspectives of BPs, this review aimed to elaborate current evolution of nutritional potential of BPs, studies pertaining to overcome limitations with respect to special focus on emerging extraction, protection and delivery tools of BPs. In addition, the nano-delivery mechanism of BP and its clinical significance is detailed. The aim of current review is to augment the research in the field of BPs production, identification, characterisation and to speed up the investigation of the incredible potentials of BPs as potential nutritional and functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhiya Manzoor
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Kashmir(J&K) 190025 India
| | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Tulmulla, Kashmir(J&K) 191131 India
| | - Asmat Farooq
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Kashmir(J&K) 190025 India
- Division of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu (SKUAST-J), Chatha, Jammu (J&K) 180009 India
| | - Ammarah Hami
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Kashmir(J&K) 190025 India
| | - Mohammad Maqbool Pakhtoon
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Kashmir(J&K) 190025 India
- Department of Life Sciences, Rabindranath Tagore University, Bhopal, 462045 India
| | - Sajad Ahmad Sofi
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology Awantipora, Awantipora, Kashmir(J&K) 192122 India
| | - Firdose Ahmad Malik
- Division of Vegetable Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Kashmir(J&K) 190025 India
| | - khursheed Hussain
- MAR&ES, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Gurez, Shalimar, Kashmir(J&K) 190025 India
| | - M. Ashraf Bhat
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Kashmir(J&K) 190025 India
| | - Najeebul Rehmen Sofi
- MRCFC, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Khudwani, Shalimar, J&K India
| | - Anamika Pandey
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, 42079 Turkey
| | - Mohd. Kamran Khan
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, 42079 Turkey
| | - Mehmet Hamurcu
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, 42079 Turkey
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Kashmir(J&K) 190025 India
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Kim J, Hlaing SP, Lee J, Kwak D, Kim H, Saparbayeva A, Yoon I, Im E, Jung Y, Yoo J. pH-sustaining nanostructured hydroxyapatite/alginate composite hydrogel for gastric protection and intestinal release of Lactobacillus rhamnosusGG. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10527. [PMID: 37206214 PMCID: PMC10189427 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is closely linked to gastrointestinal health and disease status. Oral administration of known probiotic strains is now considered a promising therapeutic strategy, especially for refractory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we developed a nanostructured hydroxyapatite/alginate (HAp/Alg) composite hydrogel that protects its encapsulated probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) by neutralizing hydrogen ions that penetrate the hydrogel in a stomach without inhibiting LGG release in an intestine. Surface and transection analyses of the hydrogel revealed characteristic patterns of crystallization and composite-layer formation. TEM revealed the dispersal of the nanosized HAp crystals and encapsulated LGG in the Alg hydrogel networks. The HAp/Alg composite hydrogel maintained its internal microenvironmental pH, thereby enabling the LGG to survive for substantially longer. At intestinal pH, the encapsulated LGG was completely released upon disintegration of the composite hydrogel. In a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse model, we then assessed the therapeutic effect of the LGG-encapsulating hydrogel. This achieved intestinal delivery of LGG with minimal loss of enzymatic function and viability, ameliorating colitis by reducing epithelial damage, submucosal edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and the number of goblet cells. These findings reveal the HAp/Alg composite hydrogel as a promising intestinal-delivery platform for live microorganisms including probiotics and live biotherapeutic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug DevelopmentPusan National UniversityBusanSouth Korea
| | - Shwe Phyu Hlaing
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug DevelopmentPusan National UniversityBusanSouth Korea
| | - Juho Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug DevelopmentPusan National UniversityBusanSouth Korea
| | - Dongmin Kwak
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug DevelopmentPusan National UniversityBusanSouth Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug DevelopmentPusan National UniversityBusanSouth Korea
| | - Aruzhan Saparbayeva
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug DevelopmentPusan National UniversityBusanSouth Korea
| | - In‐Soo Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug DevelopmentPusan National UniversityBusanSouth Korea
| | - Eunok Im
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug DevelopmentPusan National UniversityBusanSouth Korea
| | - Yunjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug DevelopmentPusan National UniversityBusanSouth Korea
| | - Jin‐Wook Yoo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug DevelopmentPusan National UniversityBusanSouth Korea
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Jiang Z, Li M, McClements DJ, Liu X, Liu F. Recent advances in the design and fabrication of probiotic delivery systems to target intestinal inflammation. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Colorimetric/spectral dual-mode analysis of sensitive fluorescent probe based on 2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-benzo[e]indole detection of acid pH. Bioorg Chem 2022; 124:105792. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Hu M, Du X, Liu G, Huang Y, Qi B, Li Y. Sodium alginate/soybean protein-epigallocatechin-3-gallate conjugate hydrogel beads: evaluation of structural, physical, and functional properties. Food Funct 2021; 12:12347-12361. [PMID: 34842261 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03099j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel beads have been extensively studied as delivery systems for bioactive compounds. Key challenges include overcoming the highly porous and poor emulsifying properties of SA hydrogels. Herein, soy protein isolate (SPI) was modified by covalent and noncovalent conjugation with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), followed by complexation with SA to change the SA structure and fabricate hydrogel beads with low porosities. Microencapsulation beads were fabricated from SA-, SA/SPI-, and SA/SPI-modified EGCG complexes with a corn oil/quercetin mixture core. After the covalent and noncovalent SPI-modified EGCG complexes were combined with SA, the OH stretching vibration shifted, indicating that hydrogen bonds formed between the protein and SA, and the crystal structure of SA was destroyed. To achieve crosslinking, the beads were injected into a CaCl2 solution, whereby Ca2+ ions replaced the Na+ ions in SA. Meanwhile, the addition of covalent and noncovalent SPI-modified EGCG complexes promoted the binding capacity of Ca2+ and SA. All hydrogel beads possessed open-cell microstructures with interconnecting pores. The SA/SPI-modified EGCG hydrogel beads exhibited smoother surfaces, thicker shells, and lower porosity than the SA hydrogel beads. Moreover, they exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activities. During digestion, all types of hydrogel bead maintained their structure, and only a small part of the encapsulated oil and quercetin was digested in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. In short, the formation mechanism of hydrogel beads was clarified, and hydrogel beads with low porosity and high antioxidation activities were successfully fabricated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Du
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Guannan Liu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Yuyang Huang
- National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.,College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150027, China
| | - Baokun Qi
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China. .,National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China. .,National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.,Heilongjiang Green Food Science Research Institute, Harbin 150028, China
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Sharma G, Sharma M, Sood R, Neelamraju J, Lakshmi SG, Madempudi RS, Rishi P, Kaur IP. Self-preserving gelatin emulgel containing whole cell probiotic for topical use: preclinical safety, efficacy, and germination studies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1777-1789. [PMID: 34176401 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1947239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermal disorders, owing to disruption of skin-microflora balance can be served by direct application of probiotics. However, there are few topical whole probiotic products in market because of (i) loss of viability during manufacturing and storage(ii) inadequate germination and retention on skin. Presently we report a novel (IPA 201811010395) emulgel incorporatingBacillus coagulans (Unique IS-2) for possible topical use. METHODS Developed emulgel was characterized for particle size, texture, rheology, morphology, water activity, self-preservation, safety, and stability. RESULTS We successfully incorporated 97 ± 5% (1.7×108CFU/g) Bacillus coagulans in honeycomb network of gelatin nanoparticles (≈600 nm). Maintenance of CFU at 30 ± 2°C, 65 ± 5% RH for 3 months confirmed viability of incorporated probiotic. Low water-activity (0.66-0.732aw) and challenge test (0.05-0.5% viability) confirmed its self-preserving nature. Early initiation (6 h) and complete (24 h) spore germination was evident onrabbit skin. No cytotoxicity, dermal irritation or translocation established its safety. Faster wound closure and reduced oxidative stress (LPO, catalase, SOD, glutathione reductase) in comparison to Soframycin® (1%w/w Framycetin) was observed in excision wound in mice. CONCLUSIONS A whole cell probiotic formulation that is self-preserving, maintains probiotic viability, guarantees germination, and has wound healing properties was successfully formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manuhaar Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rishav Sood
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | - Praveen Rishi
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Zhang Z, Gu M, You X, Sela DA, Xiao H, McClements DJ. Encapsulation of bifidobacterium in alginate microgels improves viability and targeted gut release. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Prichapan N, McClements DJ, Klinkesorn U. Utilization of multilayer-technology to enhance encapsulation efficiency and osmotic gradient tolerance of iron-loaded W1/O/W2 emulsions: Saponin-chitosan coatings. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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11
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Pei Y, Deng Q, McClements DJ, Li J, Li B. Impact of Phytic Acid on the Physical and Oxidative Stability of Protein-Stabilized Oil-in-Water Emulsions. FOOD BIOPHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-020-09641-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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McClements DJ. Future foods: a manifesto for research priorities in structural design of foods. Food Funct 2020; 11:1933-1945. [PMID: 32141468 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02076d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A number of major challenges facing modern society are related to the food supply. As the global population grows, it will be critical to feed everyone without damaging the environment. Advances in biotechnology, nanotechnology, structural design, and artificial intelligence are providing farmers and food manufacturers will new tools to address these problems. More and more people are migrating from rural to urban environments, leading to a change in their dietary habits, especially increasing consumption of animal-based products and highly-processed foods. Animal-based foods lead to more greenhouse gas production, land use, water use, and pollution than plant-based ones. Moreover, many animal-based and highly-processed foods have adverse effects on human health and wellbeing. Consumers are therefore being encouraged to consume more plant-based foods, such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, and legumes. Many people, however, do not have the time, money, or inclination to prepare foods from fresh produce. Consequently, there is a need for the food industry to create a new generation of processed foods that are desirable, tasty, inexpensive, and convenient, but that are also healthy and sustainable. This article highlights some of the main food-related challenges faced by modern society and how scientists are developing innovative technologies to address them.
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Perry SL, McClements DJ. Recent Advances in Encapsulation, Protection, and Oral Delivery of Bioactive Proteins and Peptides using Colloidal Systems. Molecules 2020; 25:E1161. [PMID: 32150848 PMCID: PMC7179163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are many areas in medicine and industry where it would be advantageous to orally deliver bioactive proteins and peptides (BPPs), including ACE inhibitors, antimicrobials, antioxidants, hormones, enzymes, and vaccines. A major challenge in this area is that many BPPs degrade during storage of the product or during passage through the human gut, thereby losing their activity. Moreover, many BPPs have undesirable taste profiles (such as bitterness or astringency), which makes them unpleasant to consume. These challenges can often be overcome by encapsulating them within colloidal particles that protect them from any adverse conditions in their environment, but then release them at the desired site-of-action, which may be inside the gut or body. This article begins with a discussion of BPP characteristics and the hurdles involved in their delivery. It then highlights the characteristics of colloidal particles that can be manipulated to create effective BPP-delivery systems, including particle composition, size, and interfacial properties. The factors impacting the functional performance of colloidal delivery systems are then highlighted, including their loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency, protective properties, retention/release properties, and stability. Different kinds of colloidal delivery systems suitable for encapsulation of BPPs are then reviewed, such as microemulsions, emulsions, solid lipid particles, liposomes, and microgels. Finally, some examples of the use of colloidal delivery systems for delivery of specific BPPs are given, including hormones, enzymes, vaccines, antimicrobials, and ACE inhibitors. An emphasis is on the development of food-grade colloidal delivery systems, which could be used in functional or medical food applications. The knowledge presented should facilitate the design of more effective vehicles for the oral delivery of bioactive proteins and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Perry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 18 Xuezheng Street, Hangzhou 310018, China
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14
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Encapsulation of Iron within W1/O/W2 Emulsions Formulated Using a Natural Hydrophilic Surfactant (Saponin): Impact of Surfactant Level and Oil Phase Crystallization. FOOD BIOPHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-020-09628-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Yao M, Xie J, Du H, McClements DJ, Xiao H, Li L. Progress in microencapsulation of probiotics: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:857-874. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNatl. Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang Univ. Hangzhou 310003 China
| | - Jiaojiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNatl. Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang Univ. Hangzhou 310003 China
| | - Hengjun Du
- Dept. of Food ScienceUniv. of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 U.S.A
| | | | - Hang Xiao
- Dept. of Food ScienceUniv. of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 U.S.A
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNatl. Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang Univ. Hangzhou 310003 China
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16
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Machado D, Almeida D, Seabra CL, Andrade JC, Gomes AM, Freitas AC. Nanoprobiotics: When Technology Meets Gut Health. FUNCTIONAL BIONANOMATERIALS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41464-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Arenales-Sierra I, Lobato-Calleros C, Vernon-Carter E, Hernández-Rodríguez L, Alvarez-Ramirez J. Calcium alginate beads loaded with Mg(OH)2 improve L. casei viability under simulated gastric condition. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.05.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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18
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Gu M, Zhang Z, Pan C, Goulette TR, Zhang R, Hendricks G, McClements DJ, Xiao H. Encapsulation of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum G7 in gastroprotective microgels: Improvement of the bacterial viability under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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19
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Hydrogels based on gelatin: Effect of lactic and acetic acids on microstructural modifications, water absorption mechanisms and antibacterial activity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Enhanced viability of probiotics (Pediococcus pentosaceus Li05) by encapsulation in microgels doped with inorganic nanoparticles. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sun Q, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Gao R, McClements DJ. Development of Functional or Medical Foods for Oral Administration of Insulin for Diabetes Treatment: Gastroprotective Edible Microgels. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4820-4826. [PMID: 29701967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin and an antacid [Mg(OH)2] were co-encapsulated inside calcium alginate microgels (diameter = 280 μm) using a vibrating nozzle injector. Confocal microscopy indicated that insulin was successfully encapsulated inside the microgels and remained inside them after they were exposed to simulated gastric conditions. Localized fluorescence intensity measurements indicated that the internal pH of the antacid-loaded microgels was around pH 7.4 after incubation in acidic gastric fluids but below the limit of detection (pH < 4) in the antacid-free microgels. After incubation in small intestine conditions, around 30% of the insulin was released from the antacid-loaded microgels over a 2 h period. Encapsulation of insulin within the antacid-loaded microgels increased its biological activity after exposure to simulated gastric conditions. In particular, the encapsulated insulin significantly increased Akt phosphorylation at both Thr308 and Ser473 in L6 myotubes when compared to free insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quancai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu 212001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zipei Zhang
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Ruojie Zhang
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu 212001 , People's Republic of China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
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Encapsulation, protection, and delivery of bioactive proteins and peptides using nanoparticle and microparticle systems: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 253:1-22. [PMID: 29478671 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There are many examples of bioactive proteins and peptides that would benefit from oral delivery through functional foods, supplements, or medical foods, including hormones, enzymes, antimicrobials, vaccines, and ACE inhibitors. However, many of these bioactive proteins are highly susceptible to denaturation, aggregation or hydrolysis within commercial products or inside the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Moreover, many bioactive proteins have poor absorption characteristics within the GIT. Colloidal systems, which contain nanoparticles or microparticles, can be designed to encapsulate, retain, protect, and deliver bioactive proteins. For instance, a bioactive protein may have to remain encapsulated and stable during storage and passage through the mouth and stomach, but then be released within the small intestine where it can be absorbed. This article reviews the application of food-grade colloidal systems for oral delivery of bioactive proteins, including microemulsions, emulsions, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, multiple emulsions, liposomes, and microgels. It also provides a critical assessment of the characteristics of colloidal particles that impact the effectiveness of protein delivery systems, such as particle composition, size, permeability, interfacial properties, and stability. This information should be useful for the rational design of medical foods, functional foods, and supplements for effective oral delivery of bioactive proteins.
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Lactase (β-galactosidase) encapsulation in hydrogel beads with controlled internal pH microenvironments: Impact of bead characteristics on enzyme activity. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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