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Weng Y, Yang G, Li Y, Xu L, Chen X, Song H, Zhao CX. Alginate-based materials for enzyme encapsulation. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102957. [PMID: 37392664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are widely used in industry due to their high efficiency and selectivity. However, their low stability during certain industrial processes can result in a significant loss of catalytic activity. Encapsulation is a promising technique that can stabilize enzymes by protecting them from environmental stresses such as extreme temperature and pH, mechanical force, organic solvents, and proteases. Alginate and alginate-based materials have emerged as effective carriers for enzyme encapsulation due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to form gel beads through ionic gelation. This review presents various alginate-based encapsulation systems for enzyme stabilization and explores their applications in different industries. We discuss the preparation methods of alginate encapsulated enzymes and analyze the release mechanisms of enzymes from alginate materials. Additionally, we summarize the characterization techniques used for enzyme-alginate composites. This review provides insights into the use of alginate encapsulation as a means of stabilizing enzymes and highlights the potential benefits for various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Weng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Guangze Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Yang Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Letao Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Hao Song
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Chun-Xia Zhao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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2
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Weng Y, Li Y, Chen X, Song H, Zhao CX. Encapsulation of enzymes in food industry using spray drying: recent advances and process scale-ups. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7941-7958. [PMID: 36971126 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2193982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are widely used in the food industry due to their ability in improving the functional, sensory, and nutritional properties of food products. However, their poor stability under harsh industrial conditions and their compromised shelf-lives during long-term storage limit their applications. This review introduces typical enzymes and their functionality in the food industry and demonstrates spray drying as a promising approach for enzyme encapsulation. Recent studies on encapsulation of enzymes in the food industry using spray drying and the key achievements are summarized. The latest developments including the novel design of spray drying chambers, nozzle atomizers and advanced spray drying techniques are also analyzed and discussed in depth. In addition, the scale-up pathways connecting laboratory scale trials and industrial scale productions are illustrated, as most of the current studies have been limited to lab-scales. Enzyme encapsulation using spray drying is a versatile strategy to improve enzyme stability in an economical and industrial viable way. Various nozzle atomizers and drying chambers have recently been developed to increase process efficiency and product quality. A comprehensive understanding of the complex droplet-to-particle transformations during the drying process would be beneficial for both process optimization and scale-up design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Weng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yang Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Hao Song
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chun-Xia Zhao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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3
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Tomadoni B, Fabra MJ, López-Rubio A. Electrohydrodynamic processing of phycocolloids for food-related applications: Recent advances and future prospects. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Hurtado A, Aljabali AAA, Mishra V, Tambuwala MM, Serrano-Aroca Á. Alginate: Enhancement Strategies for Advanced Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4486. [PMID: 35562876 PMCID: PMC9102972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate is an excellent biodegradable and renewable material that is already used for a broad range of industrial applications, including advanced fields, such as biomedicine and bioengineering, due to its excellent biodegradable and biocompatible properties. This biopolymer can be produced from brown algae or a microorganism culture. This review presents the principles, chemical structures, gelation properties, chemical interactions, production, sterilization, purification, types, and alginate-based hydrogels developed so far. We present all of the advanced strategies used to remarkably enhance this biopolymer's physicochemical and biological characteristics in various forms, such as injectable gels, fibers, films, hydrogels, and scaffolds. Thus, we present here all of the material engineering enhancement approaches achieved so far in this biopolymer in terms of mechanical reinforcement, thermal and electrical performance, wettability, water sorption and diffusion, antimicrobial activity, in vivo and in vitro biological behavior, including toxicity, cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, immunological response, biodegradation, porosity, and its use as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. These improvements to overcome the drawbacks of the alginate biopolymer could exponentially increase the significant number of alginate applications that go from the paper industry to the bioprinting of organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Hurtado
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India;
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK;
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
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5
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Wei L, Wang Z, Feng C, Xianyu Y, Chen Y. Direct Transverse Relaxation Time Biosensing Strategy for Detecting Foodborne Pathogens through Enzyme-Mediated Sol-Gel Transition of Hydrogels. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6613-6619. [PMID: 33886309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we develop a direct transverse relaxation time (T2) biosensing strategy and employ it for assaying foodborne pathogens relying on the alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-mediated sol-gel transition of hydrogels. ALP can catalyze the reaction to generate an acidic environment to transform the sol-state alginate solution to hydrogel, and this hydrogelation process can directly regulate the diffusion rate of water protons that results in a T2 change of water molecules. By means of enzyme-modulated sol-gel transition and antigen-antibody interactions, this T2 biosensor displays high sensitivity for detecting 50 CFU/mL S. enteritidis within 2 h. This biosensing strategy directly modulates the water molecules rather than magnetic probes in traditional methods, offering a straightforward, novel, and sensitive platform for pathogen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Caiwei Feng
- Beijing Kwinbon Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Gaoxin 4th Street, Changping District Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yunlei Xianyu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, No. 1 Qianhu South Road, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
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Fabra MJ, Talens-Perales D, Roman-Sarmiento A, López-Rubio A, Polaina J. Effect of biopolymer matrices on lactose hydrolysis by enzymatically active hydrogel and aerogels loaded with β-galactosidase nanoflowers. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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7
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Li Y, Wang B, Wu M, Huan W, Li J. Magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposites as an effective support for lactase immobilization with improved stability and enhanced photothermal enzymatic activity. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06260j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic graphene oxide-immobilized lactase with high loading capacity, improved stabilities, and photothermal enhancement of activity has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglong Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass
- Zhejiang A&F University
- Lin’an
- China
| | - Buchuan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass
- Zhejiang A&F University
- Lin’an
- China
| | - Minjie Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass
- Zhejiang A&F University
- Lin’an
- China
| | - Weiwei Huan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass
- Zhejiang A&F University
- Lin’an
- China
| | - Jie Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass
- Zhejiang A&F University
- Lin’an
- China
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Nawawi NN, Hashim Z, Rahman RA, Murad AMA, Bakar FDA, Illias RM. Entrapment of porous cross-linked enzyme aggregates of maltogenic amylase from Bacillus lehensis G1 into calcium alginate for maltooligosaccharides synthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:80-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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9
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Talens-Perales D, Fabra MJ, Martínez-Argente L, Marín-Navarro J, Polaina J. Recyclable thermophilic hybrid protein-inorganic nanoflowers for the hydrolysis of milk lactose. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:602-608. [PMID: 32061698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thermostable β-galactosidase (TmLac) has been immobilized as hybrid inorganic-protein nanoflowers using salts of Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ as the inorganic component. The incorporation efficiency of enzyme into the nanoflowers was higher than 95% for a protein concentration of 0.05 mg/mL. The structure, activity and recyclability of the nanoflowers with different chemical composition were analyzed. Ca2+, Mn2+ and Co2+ nanoflowers showed a level of lactase activity equivalent to their same content of free enzyme. Cu2+nanoflowers showed only marginal enzyme activity in agreement with the inhibitory effect of this cation on the enzyme. TmLac nanoflowers provide an efficient methodology for enzyme immobilization and recyclability. TmLac-Ca2+ nanoflowers presented the best properties for lactose hydrolysis both in buffered and in milk, and could be reused in five consecutive cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María José Fabra
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Julia Marín-Navarro
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Polaina
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Valencia, Spain.
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Míguez Amil S, Jiménez-Ortega E, Ramírez-Escudero M, Talens-Perales D, Marín-Navarro J, Polaina J, Sanz-Aparicio J, Fernandez-Leiro R. The cryo-EM Structure of Thermotoga maritima β-Galactosidase: Quaternary Structure Guides Protein Engineering. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:179-188. [PMID: 31874027 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lactose intolerance is a common digestive disorder that affects a large proportion of the adult human population. The severity of the symptoms is highly variable, depending on the susceptibility to the sugar and the amount digested. For that reason, enzymes that can be used for the production of lactose-free milk and milk derivatives have acquired singular biotechnological importance. One such case is Thermotoga maritima β-galactosidase (TmLac). Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of TmLac at 2.0 Å resolution. The protein features a newly solved domain at its C-terminus, characteristic of the genus Thermotoga, which promotes a peculiar octameric arrangement. We have assessed the constraints imposed by the quaternary protein structure on the construction of hybrid versions of this GH2 enzyme. Carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) from the CBM2 and CBM9 families have been added at either the amino or carboxy terminus, and the structural and functional effects of such modifications have been analyzed. The results provide a basis for the rational design of hybrid enzymes that can be efficiently attached to different solid supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Míguez Amil
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Jiménez-Ortega
- Institute of Physical-Chemistry Rocasolano, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ramírez-Escudero
- Institute of Physical-Chemistry Rocasolano, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Talens-Perales
- Institute of Agrochemical and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 46980-Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Marín-Navarro
- Institute of Agrochemical and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 46980-Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Polaina
- Institute of Agrochemical and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 46980-Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Sanz-Aparicio
- Institute of Physical-Chemistry Rocasolano, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Fernandez-Leiro
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Cosenza VA, Navarro DA, Stortz CA, Rojas AM. Rheology of partially and totally oxidized red seaweed galactans. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 230:115653. [PMID: 31887934 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Agarose and κ-carrageenan were oxidized using (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl)oxy (TEMPO) in the presence of NaOCl and NaBr. Products with several degrees of oxidation were structurally characterized. The mechanical spectra were determined: derivatives with a medium to high degree of oxidation give rise to polysaccharides that behave like dilute solutions in water, whereas those with a degree of oxidation close to 20 % keep the gelling properties with a different thermo-rheological response towards pH (6.5 or 4.0) and counterions (K+ or Ca2+) in comparison with the native polysaccharides. For instance, they showed a marked dependence on the presence of calcium ions, observed in the increase of thermal stability and dynamic elastic component (G') value, due to the known interaction of this divalent cation with the carboxylate groups. In this sense, these derivatives with low oxidation degrees have proven to be not only thermosensitive, like the native polysaccharide, but also pH- and calcium-sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanina A Cosenza
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR/CONICET), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego A Navarro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR/CONICET), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Stortz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR/CONICET), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ana M Rojas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos (ITAPROQ/CONICET), Departamento de Industrias, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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