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Cabrera-Villamizar LA, Ebrahimi M, Martínez-Abad A, Talens-Perales D, López-Rubio A, Fabra MJ. Order matters: Methods for extracting cellulose from rice straw by coupling alkaline, ozone and enzymatic treatments. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 328:121746. [PMID: 38220332 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Rice straw is a widely produced residue that can be converted into value-added products. This work aimed at using greener processes combining mild alkali (A), ozone (O) and enzymatic (engineered xylanase) (E) treatments to extract cellulose and other value-added compounds from rice straw and to evaluate the effects of the order of the treatments. Solid (S) and liquid (L) fractions from the process were collected for physicochemical characterization. AOE treatment showed the best capacity to extract high purity cellulose and other valuable compounds. The lignin content was significantly decreased independently of the order of the treatments and, its content in the extract obtained after the AOE process was lower than the one obtained after the OAE process. Moreover, thermal stability of the samples increased after the enzymatic process, being higher in SAOE. The alkaline treatment increased the hemicellulose and polyphenol content (antioxidant activity) in the liquid fractions (LA and LOA). In contrast, the ozonized liquid fractions had lower polyphenol content. Therefore, alkali was fundamental in the process. In conclusion, the AOE strategy could be a more environmentally friendly method for extracting cellulose and other valuable compounds, which could be used to develop active materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andrea Cabrera-Villamizar
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), CSIC, 46980, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mahrokh Ebrahimi
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), CSIC, 46980, Valencia, Spain; Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d'Artois, ULR 7519, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais Cédex, France.
| | - Antonio Martínez-Abad
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), CSIC, 46980, Valencia, Spain; Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast), CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Talens-Perales
- Food Biotechnology Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), CSIC, 46980, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Amparo López-Rubio
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), CSIC, 46980, Valencia, Spain; Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast), CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María José Fabra
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), CSIC, 46980, Valencia, Spain; Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast), CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Almeida N, Meyer V, Burnet A, Boucher J, Talens-Perales D, Pereira S, Ihalainen P, Levée T, Polaina J, Petit-Conil M, Camarero S, Pinto P. Use of a Novel Extremophilic Xylanase for an Environmentally Friendly Industrial Bleaching of Kraft Pulps. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13423. [PMID: 36362210 PMCID: PMC9654485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylanases can boost pulp bleachability in Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) processes, but their industrial implementation for producing bleached kraft pulps is not straightforward. It requires enzymes to be active and stable at the extreme conditions of alkalinity and high temperature typical of this industrial process; most commercial enzymes are unable to withstand these conditions. In this work, a novel highly thermo and alkaline-tolerant xylanase from Pseudothermotoga thermarum was overproduced in E. coli and tested as a bleaching booster of hardwood kraft pulps to save chlorine dioxide (ClO2) during ECF bleaching. The extremozyme-stage (EXZ) was carried out at 90 °C and pH 10.5 and optimised at lab scale on an industrial oxygen-delignified eucalyptus pulp, enabling us to save 15% ClO2 to reach the mill brightness, and with no detrimental effect on paper properties. Then, the EXZ-assisted bleaching sequence was validated at pilot scale under industrial conditions, achieving 25% ClO2 savings and reducing the generation of organochlorinated compounds (AOX) by 18%, while maintaining pulp quality and papermaking properties. Technology reproducibility was confirmed with another industrial kraft pulp from a mix of hardwoods. The new enzymatic technology constitutes a realistic step towards environmentally friendly production of kraft pulps through industrial integration of biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazaré Almeida
- RAIZ—Forest and Paper Research Institute, Rua José Estevão 221, Eixo, 3800-783 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valérie Meyer
- Centre Technique du Papier—The French Pulp and Paper Technical Centre, Domaine Universitaire, CS90251, CEDEX 9, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Auphélia Burnet
- Centre Technique du Papier—The French Pulp and Paper Technical Centre, Domaine Universitaire, CS90251, CEDEX 9, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Jeremy Boucher
- Fibre Excellence Saint-Gaudens—Rue du President Saragat, 31800 Saint-Gaudens, France
| | - David Talens-Perales
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Pereira
- RAIZ—Forest and Paper Research Institute, Rua José Estevão 221, Eixo, 3800-783 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Thomas Levée
- MetGen Oy, Rakentajantie 26, 20780 Kaarina, Finland
| | - Julio Polaina
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Michel Petit-Conil
- Centre Technique du Papier—The French Pulp and Paper Technical Centre, Domaine Universitaire, CS90251, CEDEX 9, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Susana Camarero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Pinto
- RAIZ—Forest and Paper Research Institute, Rua José Estevão 221, Eixo, 3800-783 Aveiro, Portugal
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Talens-Perales D, Nicolau-Sanus M, Polaina J, Daròs JA. Expression of an extremophilic xylanase in Nicotiana benthamiana and its use for the production of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15743. [PMID: 36131073 PMCID: PMC9492658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A gene construct encoding a xylanase, which is active in extreme conditions of temperature and alkaline pH (90 °C, pH 10.5), has been transitorily expressed with high efficiency in Nicotiana benthamiana using a viral vector. The enzyme, targeted to the apoplast, accumulates in large amounts in plant tissues in as little as 7 days after inoculation, without detrimental effects on plant growth. The properties of the protein produced by the plant, in terms of resistance to temperature, pH, and enzymatic activity, are equivalent to those observed when Escherichia coli is used as a host. Purification of the plant-produced recombinant xylanase is facilitated by exporting the protein to the apoplastic space. The production of this xylanase by N. benthamiana, which avoids the hindrances derived from the use of E. coli, namely, intracellular production requiring subsequent purification, represents an important step for potential applications in the food industry in which more sustainable and green products are continuously demanded. As an example, the use of the enzyme producing prebiotic xylooligosdaccharides from xylan is here reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Talens-Perales
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Nicolau-Sanus
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València), 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Polaina
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - José-Antonio Daròs
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València), 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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Talens-Perales D, Jiménez-Ortega E, Sánchez-Torres P, Sanz-Aparicio J, Polaina J. Phylogenetic, functional and structural characterization of a GH10 xylanase active at extreme conditions of temperature and alkalinity. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2676-2686. [PMID: 34093984 PMCID: PMC8148631 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoxylanases active under extreme conditions of
temperature and alkalinity can replace the use of highly pollutant chemicals in
the pulp and paper industry. Searching for enzymes with these properties, we
carried out a comprehensive bioinformatics study of the GH10 family. The
phylogenetic analysis allowed the construction of a radial cladogram in which
protein sequences putatively ascribed as thermophilic and alkaliphilic appeared
grouped in a well-defined region of the cladogram, designated TAK Cluster. One
among five TAK sequences selected for experimental analysis (Xyn11) showed
extraordinary xylanolytic activity under simultaneous conditions of high
temperature (90 °C) and alkalinity (pH 10.5). Addition of a carbohydrate binding
domain (CBM2) at the C-terminus of the protein sequence further improved the
activity of the enzyme at high pH. Xyn11 structure, which has been solved at
1.8 Å resolution by X-ray crystallography, reveals an unusually high number of
hydrophobic, ionic and hydrogen bond atomic interactions that could account for
the enzyme’s extremophilic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Talens-Perales
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Jiménez-Ortega
- Institute of Physical-Chemistry Rocasolano, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Torres
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Sanz-Aparicio
- Institute of Physical-Chemistry Rocasolano, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Polaina
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Fabra MJ, Talens-Perales D, Roman-Sarmiento A, López-Rubio A, Polaina J. Effect of biopolymer matrices on lactose hydrolysis by enzymatically active hydrogel and aerogels loaded with β-galactosidase nanoflowers. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Talens-Perales D, Sánchez-Torres P, Marín-Navarro J, Polaina J. In silico screening and experimental analysis of family GH11 xylanases for applications under conditions of alkaline pH and high temperature. Biotechnol Biofuels 2020; 13:198. [PMID: 33372612 PMCID: PMC7720462 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylanases are one of the most extensively used enzymes for biomass digestion. However, in many instances, their use is limited by poor performance under the conditions of pH and temperature required by the industry. Therefore, the search for xylanases able to function efficiently at alkaline pH and high temperature is an important objective for different processes that use lignocellulosic substrates, such as the production of paper pulp and biofuels. RESULTS A comprehensive in silico analysis of family GH11 sequences from the CAZY database allowed their phylogenetic classification in a radial cladogram in which sequences of known or presumptive thermophilic and alkalophilic xylanases appeared in three clusters. Eight sequences from these clusters were selected for experimental analysis. The coding DNA was synthesized, cloned and the enzymes were produced in E. coli. Some of these showed high xylanolytic activity at pH values > 8.0 and temperature > 80 °C. The best enzymes corresponding to sequences from Dictyoglomus thermophilum (Xyn5) and Thermobifida fusca (Xyn8). The addition of a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM9) to Xyn5 increased 4 times its activity at 90 °C and pH > 9.0. The combination of Xyn5 and Xyn8 was proved to be efficient for the saccharification of alkali pretreated rice straw, yielding xylose and xylooligosaccharides. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a fruitful approach for the selection of enzymes with suitable properties from the information contained in extensive databases. We have characterized two xylanases able to hydrolyze xylan with high efficiency at pH > 8.0 and temperature > 80 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Talens-Perales
- Department of Food Biotechnology. Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Torres
- Department of Food Biotechnology. Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Marín-Navarro
- Department of Food Biotechnology. Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Polaina
- Department of Food Biotechnology. Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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Talens-Perales D, Fabra MJ, Martínez-Argente L, Marín-Navarro J, Polaina J. Recyclable thermophilic hybrid protein-inorganic nanoflowers for the hydrolysis of milk lactose. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:602-608. [PMID: 32061698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thermostable β-galactosidase (TmLac) has been immobilized as hybrid inorganic-protein nanoflowers using salts of Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ as the inorganic component. The incorporation efficiency of enzyme into the nanoflowers was higher than 95% for a protein concentration of 0.05 mg/mL. The structure, activity and recyclability of the nanoflowers with different chemical composition were analyzed. Ca2+, Mn2+ and Co2+ nanoflowers showed a level of lactase activity equivalent to their same content of free enzyme. Cu2+nanoflowers showed only marginal enzyme activity in agreement with the inhibitory effect of this cation on the enzyme. TmLac nanoflowers provide an efficient methodology for enzyme immobilization and recyclability. TmLac-Ca2+ nanoflowers presented the best properties for lactose hydrolysis both in buffered and in milk, and could be reused in five consecutive cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María José Fabra
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Julia Marín-Navarro
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Polaina
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Valencia, Spain.
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Míguez Amil S, Jiménez-Ortega E, Ramírez-Escudero M, Talens-Perales D, Marín-Navarro J, Polaina J, Sanz-Aparicio J, Fernandez-Leiro R. The cryo-EM Structure of Thermotoga maritima β-Galactosidase: Quaternary Structure Guides Protein Engineering. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:179-188. [PMID: 31874027 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lactose intolerance is a common digestive disorder that affects a large proportion of the adult human population. The severity of the symptoms is highly variable, depending on the susceptibility to the sugar and the amount digested. For that reason, enzymes that can be used for the production of lactose-free milk and milk derivatives have acquired singular biotechnological importance. One such case is Thermotoga maritima β-galactosidase (TmLac). Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of TmLac at 2.0 Å resolution. The protein features a newly solved domain at its C-terminus, characteristic of the genus Thermotoga, which promotes a peculiar octameric arrangement. We have assessed the constraints imposed by the quaternary protein structure on the construction of hybrid versions of this GH2 enzyme. Carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) from the CBM2 and CBM9 families have been added at either the amino or carboxy terminus, and the structural and functional effects of such modifications have been analyzed. The results provide a basis for the rational design of hybrid enzymes that can be efficiently attached to different solid supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Míguez Amil
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Jiménez-Ortega
- Institute of Physical-Chemistry Rocasolano, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ramírez-Escudero
- Institute of Physical-Chemistry Rocasolano, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Talens-Perales
- Institute of Agrochemical and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 46980-Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Marín-Navarro
- Institute of Agrochemical and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 46980-Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Polaina
- Institute of Agrochemical and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 46980-Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Sanz-Aparicio
- Institute of Physical-Chemistry Rocasolano, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Fernandez-Leiro
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Fabra MJ, Pérez-Bassart Z, Talens-Perales D, Martínez-Sanz M, López-Rubio A, Marín-Navarro J, Polaina J. Matryoshka enzyme encapsulation: Development of zymoactive hydrogel particles with efficient lactose hydrolysis capability. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Estevinho BN, Samaniego N, Talens-Perales D, Fabra MJ, López-Rubio A, Polaina J, Marín-Navarro J. Development of enzymatically-active bacterial cellulose membranes through stable immobilization of an engineered β-galactosidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:476-482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Talens-Perales D, Górska A, Huson DH, Polaina J, Marín-Navarro J. Analysis of Domain Architecture and Phylogenetics of Family 2 Glycoside Hydrolases (GH2). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168035. [PMID: 27930742 PMCID: PMC5145203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we report a detailed analysis of the topology and phylogenetics of family 2 glycoside hydrolases (GH2). We distinguish five topologies or domain architectures based on the presence and distribution of protein domains defined in Pfam and Interpro databases. All of them share a central TIM barrel (catalytic module) with two β-sandwich domains (non-catalytic) at the N-terminal end, but differ in the occurrence and nature of additional non-catalytic modules at the C-terminal region. Phylogenetic analysis was based on the sequence of the Pfam Glyco_hydro_2_C catalytic module present in most GH2 proteins. Our results led us to propose a model in which evolutionary diversity of GH2 enzymes is driven by the addition of different non-catalytic domains at the C-terminal region. This model accounts for the divergence of β-galactosidases from β-glucuronidases, the diversification of β-galactosidases with different transglycosylation specificities, and the emergence of bicistronic β-galactosidases. This study also allows the identification of groups of functionally uncharacterized protein sequences with potential biotechnological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Talens-Perales
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Górska
- Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel H. Huson
- Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julio Polaina
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Marín-Navarro
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Talens-Perales D, Polaina J, Marín-Navarro J. Structural Dissection of the Active Site of Thermotoga maritima β-Galactosidase Identifies Key Residues for Transglycosylating Activity. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:2917-2924. [PMID: 26998654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolases, specifically β-galactosidases, can be used to synthesize galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) due to the transglycosylating (secondary) activity of these enzymes. Site-directed mutagenesis of a thermoresistant β-galactosidase from Thermotoga maritima has been carried out to study the structural basis of transgalactosylation and to obtain enzymatic variants with better performance for GOS biosynthesis. Rational design of mutations was based on homologous sequence analysis and structural modeling. Analysis of mutant enzymes indicated that residue W959, or an alternative aromatic residue at this position, is critical for the synthesis of β-3'-galactosyl-lactose, the major GOS obtained with the wild-type enzyme. Mutants W959A and W959C, but not W959F, showed an 80% reduced synthesis of this GOS. Other substitutions, N574S, N574A, and F571L, increased the synthesis of β-3'-galactosyl-lactose about 40%. Double mutants F571L/N574S and F571L/N574A showed an increase of about 2-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Talens-Perales
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC , Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Polaina
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC , Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Marín-Navarro
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC , Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Marín-Navarro J, Roupain N, Talens-Perales D, Polaina J. Identification and Structural Analysis of Amino Acid Substitutions that Increase the Stability and Activity of Aspergillus niger Glucose Oxidase. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144289. [PMID: 26642312 PMCID: PMC4671603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose oxidase is one of the most conspicuous commercial enzymes due to its many different applications in diverse industries such as food, chemical, energy and textile. Among these applications, the most remarkable is the manufacture of glucose biosensors and in particular sensor strips used to measure glucose levels in serum. The generation of ameliorated versions of glucose oxidase is therefore a significant biotechnological objective. We have used a strategy that combined random and rational approaches to isolate uncharacterized mutations of Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase with improved properties. As a result, we have identified two changes that increase significantly the enzyme's thermal stability. One (T554M) generates a sulfur-pi interaction and the other (Q90R/Y509E) introduces a new salt bridge near the interphase of the dimeric protein structure. An additional double substitution (Q124R/L569E) has no significant effect on stability but causes a twofold increase of the enzyme's specific activity. Our results disclose structural motifs of the protein which are critical for its stability. The combination of mutations in the Q90R/Y509E/T554M triple mutant yielded a version of A. niger glucose oxidase with higher stability than those previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Marín-Navarro
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nicole Roupain
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Talens-Perales
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Polaina
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Marín-Navarro J, Talens-Perales D, Polaina J. One-pot production of fructooligosaccharides by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain expressing an engineered invertase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:2549-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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