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Liu X, Beaudoin G, Zhang H, Esquivel Guzmán JA, Le Roux É, Pellerin C, Rivera E, Lavertu M, Zhu XX. Chlorophyllin-Containing Copolymers and Their Responsive Properties. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:124-130. [PMID: 38109902 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Copper-chlorophyllin is a water-soluble derivative of chlorophylls and shows low cytotoxicity and antimutagenic properties in cultured cells. It has multiple applications, including its use as a photosensitizer in photothermal therapy because of its green light-activated photothermal performance. In this work, it was copolymerized with a poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylic monomer to yield random copolymers by free radical polymerization, which showed dual temperature- and pH-dependent phase transitions in aqueous solutions. The cloud points of the copolymer solutions were raised by lowering the pH of the aqueous solutions due to the protonation of the carboxylic groups on the chlorophyllin moieties, which decreased the overall hydrophilicity of the polymers. At low pH values, complete protonation of the carboxylic acid groups of the chlorophyllin moieties led to an irreversible aggregation of the copolymers in water. The incorporation of chlorophyllin in the copolymer improved its stability over its single molecular form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Liu
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Guillaume Beaudoin
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Hu Zhang
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jair A Esquivel Guzmán
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Élise Le Roux
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Christian Pellerin
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ernesto Rivera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marc Lavertu
- Département de Génie Chimique, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Xiao Xia Zhu
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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Hosseini H, Pasban Noghabi V, Saberian H, Jafari SM. The influence of different gums compared with surfactants as encapsulating stabilizers on the thermal, storage, and low-pH stability of chlorophyllin. Food Chem X 2023; 20:101020. [PMID: 38144797 PMCID: PMC10740045 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC), with a higher stability and water solubility than chlorophyll, has limited applications in acidic products due to precipitation. We investigated the effect of pectin (PE), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG), carrageenan gum (CG), gellan gum (GG), tragacanth gum (TG), gum Arabic (GA), and polysorbate 80 (PS80) on SCC stability in acidic model solutions (pH = 3.5). These stabilizers led to a significant reduction in particle size and zeta-potential compared to control sample. GA (33.3:1), PE (8:1), CMC (4:1), XG (1.33:1), and PS80 (0.67:1) stabilized SCC in acidic systems for 28 days. The FTIR analysis showed that mainly electrostatic and hydrogen bonds between SCC and stabilizers led to a substantial decline in particle size, improving SCC distribution and stability within acidic environment. Thus, XG and CMC could be effectively used for SCC stabilization under acidic solutions where applying PS80 surfactant is a health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Hosseini
- Food Additives Research Department, Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Iranian Academic Centre for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Pasban Noghabi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, ACECR Kashmar Higher Education Institute, Kashmar, Iran
| | - Hamed Saberian
- Department of Agro-industrial Waste Processing, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), IUT Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
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Bakhsh A, Cho C, Baritugo KA, Kim B, Ullah Q, Rahman A, Park S. Production and Analytical Aspects of Natural Pigments to Enhance Alternative Meat Product Color. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061281. [PMID: 36981208 PMCID: PMC10048459 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Color is a major feature that strongly influences the consumer's perception, selection, and acceptance of various foods. An improved understanding regarding bio-safety protocols, health welfare, and the nutritional importance of food colorants has shifted the attention of the scientific community toward natural pigments to replace their toxic synthetic counterparts. However, owing to safety and toxicity concerns, incorporating natural colorants directly from viable sources into plant-based meat (PBM) has many limitations. Nonetheless, over time, safe and cheap extraction techniques have been developed to extract the purified form of coloring agents from raw materials to be incorporated into PBM products. Subsequently, extracted anthocyanin has displayed compounds like Delphinidin-3-mono glucoside (D3G) at 3.1 min and Petunidin-3-mono glucoside (P3G) at 5.1 277, 515, and 546 nm at chromatographic lambda. Fe-pheophytin was successfully generated from chlorophyll through the ion exchange method. Likewise, the optical density (OD) of synthesized leghemoglobin (LegH) indicated that pBHA bacteria grow more rigorously containing ampicillin with a dilution factor of 10 after 1 h of inoculation. The potential LegH sequence was identified at 2500 bp through gel electrophoresis. The color coordinates and absorbance level of natural pigments showed significant differences (p < 0.05) with the control. The development of coloring agents originating from natural sources for PBM can be considered advantageous compared to animal myoglobin in terms of health and functionality. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to produce natural coloring agents for PBM by extracting and developing chlorophyll from spinach, extracting anthocyanins from black beans, and inserting recombinant plasmids into microorganisms to produce LegH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allah Bakhsh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjun Cho
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Kei Anne Baritugo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Bosung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Qamar Ullah
- Livestock and Dairy Development Department (Research), Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Attaur Rahman
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sungkwon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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Tomadoni B, Fabra MJ, Méndez DA, Martínez-Abad A, López-Rubio A. Electrosprayed Agar Nanocapsules as Edible Carriers of Bioactive Compounds. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142093. [PMID: 35885337 PMCID: PMC9319333 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrosprayed agar nanocapsules were developed using an acetic acid solution as solvent. The role of solution properties (viscosity, surface tension, and conductivity) in the formation of agar particles was assessed, together with the effect of both agar and acetic acid concentrations on the size and morphology of the resulting particles. Agar solutions with a concentration below 10% w/v were not suitable for electrospraying. Furthermore, the agar–acetic acid ratio was also critical for the formation of agar nanostructures (with an optimum ratio of 1:2). A decrease in particle size was also observed when decreasing agar concentration, with particle diameter values ranging between 50 and 400 nm. Moreover, the suitability of the electrosprayed agar nanocapsules as carriers for a model bioactive compound, chlorophyllin sodium copper salt (CHL), was also evaluated. The release profile of encapsulated CHL, with an estimated encapsulation efficiency of around 40%, was carried out in food simulants with different hydrophilicity (10% v/v and 50% v/v ethanol). While the release of the bioactive was negligible in the hydrophilic food simulant, an initial burst release followed by a slower sustained release was observed when the capsules were immersed in 50% ethanol solution. The results open up a broad range of possibilities that deserve further exploration related to the use of these edible polysaccharide-based nanocapsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tomadoni
- Grupo de Materiales Compuestos Termoplásticos (CoMP), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina;
| | - María José Fabra
- Packaging Group, Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (M.J.F.); (D.A.M.); (A.M.-A.)
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 26006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Alexander Méndez
- Packaging Group, Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (M.J.F.); (D.A.M.); (A.M.-A.)
- Grupo de Investigación Bioecono, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, Universidad del Tolima, Tolima 730006, Colombia
| | - Antonio Martínez-Abad
- Packaging Group, Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (M.J.F.); (D.A.M.); (A.M.-A.)
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 26006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo López-Rubio
- Packaging Group, Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (M.J.F.); (D.A.M.); (A.M.-A.)
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 26006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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A Miniaturized Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) Measurement Instrument Based on a Phase-Locked Loop Circuit. ELECTRONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics11030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) has been widely used in laboratory settings as an analytical tool for recognizing and discriminating biological and chemical molecules of interest. As a result, recent studies have shown there to be considerable attention in practical applications of the QCM technique beyond the laboratory. However, most commercial QCM instruments are not suitable for off-laboratory usage. For field-deployable applications and in situ detection, the development of a portable QCM measurement system achieving comparable performance to benchtop instruments is highly desired. In this paper, we describe the development of a fully customizable, miniaturized, battery-powered, and cost-efficient QCM system employing a phase-locked loop (PLL) electronic circuit-based QCM measurement system. The performance of this developed system showed a minimum frequency resolution of approximately 0.22 Hz at 0.1 s measurement time. This novel, miniaturized system successfully demonstrated an ability to detect two common volatile organic compounds (VOCs), methanol and dichloromethane (DCM), and the obtained results were comparable to responses from a commercially available benchtop instrument.
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Natural polymers for vaginal mucoadhesive delivery of vinegar, using design of experiment methods. VOJNOSANIT PREGL 2020. [DOI: 10.2298/vsp200804121p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim. Vinegars are of the main international traditional
nutraceuticals which have been used as vaginal health protectant due to
vagina pH balance maintenance and antimicrobial properties. Since the main
used form of vinegar was liquid, it was difficult for vaginal application
with low residence time; in this study a vaginal mucoadhesive gel of vinegar
was designed. Methods. Xanthan gum (XG) and tragacanth (TG) were utilized as
natural gel forming polymers. The effects of Xanthan gum and tragacanth on
mucoadhesion strength and drug release of the gel formulations were
optimized using a 3 level (32) factorial design. Several physico-chemical
properties of the gel formulations including gel viscosity, spreadability,
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of hydrogel chains, and release
kinetic were also investigated. Results. demonstrated that tragacanth
possesses a statistically significant effect on release rate control
(p-value=0.0027) while both tragacanth and xanthan gum have significant
effect (p value= 0.0001 and 0.0017, respectively) on mucoadhesion property.
Conclusion. Design of experiment suggested that formulation F7 with 5%
xanthan gum and 1% tragacanth (mucoadhesion = 0.4632 N and release rate =
88.8% in 6 hours) can be considered as the optimum formulation with some
modifications.
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