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Abik F, Solin K, Hietala S, Rojas OJ, Ho TM, Mikkonen KS. Adsorption study on the formation of interfacial layers based on birch glucuronoxylans. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122242. [PMID: 38823911 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Glucuronoxylans (GX), particularly crude fractions obtained by pressurized hot water extraction of birch wood, act as potent emulsifiers and stabilizers against physical separation and lipid oxidation. Herein, we studied the adsorption of GX on hydrophobic interfaces to correlate their multicomponent character towards the formation of interfacial layers in emulsions. Dynamic interfacial tension (DIFT) and quartz crystal microgravimetry with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) were applied to various GX fractions and the results compared with those from cellulose-based emulsifiers. The roles of residual lignin and polysaccharides are discussed considering the formation of interfacial layers during emulsification. The DIFT of the different GXs reached quasi-equilibrium faster as the lignin concentration increased, implying a correlation between the rate of adsorption and the residual lignin content. The effect of NaCl addition was more pronounced in polysaccharide-rich fractions, indicating that the polysaccharide fraction modulated the effect of ionic strength. QCM-D showed that despite the fast adsorption exhibited by the lignin-rich GX extract in the DIFT curves, the adsorbed materials were lightweight, suggesting that the polysaccharide fraction built the bulk of the interfacial layer. These results provide a foundation towards understanding the role of GX in interfacial stabilization beyond traditional plant-based counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Abik
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Finland.
| | - Katariina Solin
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Tietotie 4E, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 55, 00014, Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076, Finland; Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Thao Minh Ho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Finland
| | - Kirsi S Mikkonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Finland
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Su X, Liu W, Yang B, Yang S, Hou J, Yu G, Feng Y, Li J. Constructing network structures to enhance stability and target deposition of selenium nanoparticles via amphiphilic sodium alginate and alkyl glycosides. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131588. [PMID: 38615860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Dietary selenium (Se) supplementation has recently received increasing attention; however, Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) exhibit poor stability and tend to aggregate in aqueous solution. Therefore, enhancing the stability of SeNPs and their effective delivery to plants remain challenging. In this study, sodium alginate (SA) and lysozyme (LZ) were reacted via the wet-heat Maillard reaction (MR) to obtain amphiphilic alginate-based polymers (SA-LZ). Alkyl glycosides (APG) were introduced into SA-LZ to enhance the deposition of SeNPs in leaves. Thus, a renewable and degradable polysaccharide-based material (SA-LZ/APG) loaded with Se formed an amphiphilic alginate-based-based shell with a Se core. Notably, the encapsulation of SeNPs into a polysaccharide base (SA-LZ/APG) increased the stabilization of SeNPs and resulted in orange-red, zero-valent, monoclinic and spherical SeNPs with a mean diameter of approximately 43.0 nm. In addition, SA-LZ/APG-SeNPs reduced the interfacial tension of plant leaves and increased the Se content of plants compared to the blank group. In vitro studies have reported that SA-LZ/APG-SeNPs and SA-LZ-SeNPs have significantly better clearance of DDPH and ABTS than that of APG-SeNPs. Thus, we believe that SA-LZ/APG is a promising smart delivery system that can synergistically enhance the stability of SeNPs in aqueous solutions and improve the bioavailability of Se nutrient solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wenyan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Bei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shujuan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jinjian Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Gaobo Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Yuhong Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jiacheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou 570228, China.
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Karppanen H, Halahlah A, Kilpeläinen PO, Mikkonen KS, Ho TM. Gel characteristics of low-acetyl spruce galactoglucomannans. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121316. [PMID: 37739540 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Galactoglucomannans (GGM) recovered from abundant forest industry side-streams has been widely recognized as a renewable hydrocolloid. The low molar mass and presence of O-acetyl side-groups results in low viscous dispersions and weak intermolecular interactions that make GGM unsuitable for hydrogel formation, unless forcefully chemically derivatized and/or crosslinked with other polymers. Here we present the characterization of hydrogels prepared from GGM after tailoring the degree of acetylation by alkaline treatment during its recovery. Specifically, we investigated gel characteristics of low-acetyl GGM dispersions prepared at varied solid concentrations (5, 10 and 15 %) and pH (4, 7 and 10), and then subjected to ultrasonication. The results indicated that low-acetyl GGM dispersions formed gels (G' > G″) at all other studied solid concentration and pH level combinations except 5 % and pH 4. High pH levels, leading to further removal of acetyl groups, and high solid concentration facilitated the gel formation. GGM hydrogels were weak gels with strong shear-thinning behavior and thixotropic properties, and high hardness and water holding capacity; which were enhanced with increased pH and solid concentration, and prolonged storage time. Our study showed the possibility to utilize low-acetyl GGM as mildly processed gelling or thickening agents, and renewable materials for bio-based hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Karppanen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Abedalghani Halahlah
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri O Kilpeläinen
- Biorefinery and Bioproducts, Production Systems Unit - Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Viikinkaari 9, FI-00790 HU, Finland
| | - Kirsi S Mikkonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thao M Ho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Monschein M, Ioannou E, Koitto T, Al Amin LAKM, Varis JJ, Wagner ER, Mikkonen KS, Cosgrove DJ, Master ER. Loosenin-Like Proteins from Phanerochaete carnosa Impact Both Cellulose and Chitin Fiber Networks. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0186322. [PMID: 36645281 PMCID: PMC9888185 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01863-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial expansin-related proteins are ubiquitous across bacterial and fungal organisms and reportedly play a role in the modification and deconstruction of cell wall polysaccharides, including lignocellulose. So far, very few microbial expansin-related proteins, including loosenins and loosenin-like (LOOL) proteins, have been functionally characterized. Herein, four LOOLs encoded by Phanerochaete carnosa and belonging to different subfamilies (i.e., PcaLOOL7 and PcaLOOL9 from subfamily A and PcaLOOL2 and PcaLOOL12 from subfamily B) were recombinantly produced and the purified proteins were characterized using diverse cellulose and chitin substrates. The purified PcaLOOLs weakened cellulose filter paper and cellulose nanofibril networks (CNF); however, none significantly boosted cellulase activity on the selected cellulose substrates (Avicel and Whatman paper). Although fusing the family 63 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM63) of BsEXLX1 encoded by Bacillus subtilis to PcaLOOLs increased their binding to cellulose, the CBM63 fusion appeared to reduce the cellulose filter paper weakening observed using wild-type proteins. Binding of PcaLOOLs to alpha-chitin was considerably higher than that to cellulose (Avicel) and was pH dependent, with the highest binding at pH 5.0. Amendment of certain PcaLOOLs in fungal liquid cultivations also impacted the density of the cultivated mycelia. The present study reveals the potential of fungal expansin-related proteins to impact both cellulose and chitin networks and points to a possible biological role in fungal cell wall processing. IMPORTANCE The present study deepens investigations of microbial expansin-related proteins and their applied significance by (i) reporting a detailed comparison of diverse loosenins encoded by the same organism, (ii) considering both cellulosic and chitin-containing materials as targeted substrates, and (iii) investigating the impact of the C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) present in other expansin-related proteins on loosenin function. By revealing the potential of fungal loosenins to impact both cellulose and chitin-containing networks, our study reveals a possible biological and applied role of loosenins in fungal cell wall processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Monschein
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Eleni Ioannou
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Taru Koitto
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Jutta J. Varis
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Edward R. Wagner
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kirsi S. Mikkonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel J. Cosgrove
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emma R. Master
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Wood Hemicelluloses as Innovative Wall Materials for Spray-Dried Microencapsulation of Berry Juice: Part 1—Effect of Homogenization Techniques on their Feed Solution Properties. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe use of wood hemicelluloses, including galactoglucomannans (GGM) and glucuronoxylans (GX), in spray-dried microencapsulation of bioactive compounds has not been reported. Our study aims to investigate the benefits of spray-dried GGM and GX powders (sGGM and sGX) along with the effects of homogenization techniques (magnetic stirring, ultrasonication, and a combination of UltraTurrax homogenization and microfluidization) on the physicochemical properties of feed solutions (10–20%, w/w). Feed solutions of bilberry juice with sGGM, sGX, and mixtures of either sGGM or sGX with methylcellulose (MC) or carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were examined to produce highly stable feed solutions for spray-dried microencapsulation. The effects of ultrasonication amplitudes (30–80%) on the viscosity and particle size distribution of sGGM feed solutions were more profound than observed in their sGX counterparts. Unlike sGX feed solutions, sGGM feed solutions homogenized by ultrasonication and microfluidization formed a gel-like structure. Microfluidization also caused a loss of total anthocyanin content (TAC) of the feed solutions. Magnetic stirring resulted in no gel formation and in the lowest viscosity of the feed solutions; hence, it is an effective method for preparing hemicellulose feed solutions. sGGM and sGX powders have high heat stability with melting temperatures of 170–180 °C. The sGGM + CMC combination was more stable over 1 week of storage than the sGGM and sGX feed solutions. Storing the feed solutions reduced TAC and increased sGGM viscosity. Our results indicated that GGM and GX have high potential for use as wall materials in the spray-dried microencapsulation of bioactive compounds.
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Sun X, Guo R, Kou Y, Song H, Zhan T, Wu J, Song L, Zhang H, Xie F, Wang J, Song Z, Wu Y. Inhibition of ice recrystallization by tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seed polysaccharide and molecular weight effects. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 301:120358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hagel S, Lüssenhop P, Walk S, Kirjoranta S, Ritter A, Bastidas Jurado CG, Mikkonen KS, Tenkanen M, Körner I, Saake B. Valorization of Urban Street Tree Pruning Residues in Biorefineries by Steam Refining: Conversion Into Fibers, Emulsifiers, and Biogas. Front Chem 2021; 9:779609. [PMID: 34869228 PMCID: PMC8634610 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.779609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Street tree pruning residues are a widely available and currently undervalorized bioresource. Their utilization could help alleviate an increasing biomass shortage and offset costs of the pruning process for the municipalities. In this work, a holistic valorization pathway of pruning residues leading to fibers, oligosaccharides, biogas, and compost is presented. For this, representative mixtures of tree pruning materials from the most prevalent street tree genera (oak, linden, maple) found in Hamburg (Germany) were prepared by shredding and cleaning procedures. Collection of sample material was performed in summer and winter to account for seasonality. A steam-based fractionation was conducted using treatment severities ranging from log R0 = 2.5 to 4.0. At the highest severity, a fiber yield of around 66%, and liquor yield of 26-30% was determined. The fibers were evaluated with respect to their properties for paper product applications, with higher treatment severities leading to higher paper strengths. From the oligosaccharide-rich liquor, emulsions were created, which showed promising stability properties over 8 weeks of storage. The liquors and the rejects from the material preparation also displayed good potential for biomethane production. Overall, the differences between material collected in summer and winter were found to be small, indicating the possibility for a year-round utilization of pruning residues. For the presented utilization pathway, high severity treatments were the most promising, featuring a high liquor yield, good biomethane potential, and the highest paper strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hagel
- Institute of Wood Science, Chemical Wood Technology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Phillipp Lüssenhop
- Institute of Wastewater Management and Water Protection, Bioresource Management Group, Technische Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Walk
- Institute of Wastewater Management and Water Protection, Bioresource Management Group, Technische Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Satu Kirjoranta
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annalena Ritter
- Institute of Wood Science, Chemical Wood Technology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carla Gabriela Bastidas Jurado
- Institute of Wastewater Management and Water Protection, Bioresource Management Group, Technische Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kirsi S Mikkonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Tenkanen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ina Körner
- Institute of Wastewater Management and Water Protection, Bioresource Management Group, Technische Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Saake
- Institute of Wood Science, Chemical Wood Technology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Naidjonoka P, Fornasier M, Pålsson D, Rudolph G, Al-Rudainy B, Murgia S, Nylander T. Bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline phase nanoparticles stabilized by softwood hemicellulose. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 203:111753. [PMID: 33845421 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The colloidal stability of lipid based cubosomes, aqueous dispersion of inverse bicontinuous cubic phase, can be significantly increased by a stabilizer. The most commonly used stabilizers are non-ionic tri-block copolymers, poloxamers, which adsorb at the lipid-water interface and hence sterically stabilize the dispersion. One of the challenges with these synthetic polymers is the effect on the internal structure of the cubosomes and the potential toxicity when these nanoparticles are applied as nanomedicine platforms. The natural polysaccharide, softwood hemicellulose, has been proved to be an excellent stabilizer for oil-in-water emulsions, partially due to the presence of hydrophobic lignin in the extract which to some extent is associated to hemicellulose. Herein, we reported for the first time cubosomes stabilized by two types of softwood hemicelluloses, where one is extracted through thermomechanical pulping (TMP, low lignin content) and the other obtained from sodium-based sulfite liquor (SSL, high lignin content). The effect of the two hemicellulose samples on the colloidal stability and structure of monoolein-based cubosomes have been investigated via DLS, SAXS, AFM and cryo-TEM. The data obtained suggest that both types of the hemicelluloses stabilize monoolein (GMO) based cubosomes in water without significantly affecting their size, morphology and inner structure. SSL-extracted hemicellulose yields the most stable cubosomes, likely due to the higher content of lignin in comparison to TMP-stabilized ones. In addition, the stability of these particles was tested under physiological conditions relevant to possible application as drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Naidjonoka
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden.
| | - Marco Fornasier
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden; Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, s.s 554 bivio Sestu, Monserrato, I-09042, Italy.
| | - David Pålsson
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Gregor Rudolph
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Basel Al-Rudainy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sergio Murgia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, Cagliari, I-09124, Italy
| | - Tommy Nylander
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden; NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science LINXS, Lund, Sweden
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Valorization of Native Soluble and Insoluble Oat Side Streams for Stable Suspensions and Emulsions. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAmong different cereals, oat is becoming more popular due to its unique composition and health benefits. The increase in oat production is associated with an increase in related side streams, comprising unutilized biomass that is rich in valuable components, such as polysaccharides, proteins, and antioxidants. To valorize such biomass, it is fundamental that side streams enter back into the food production chain, in respect of the circular economy model. Here, we propose the use of soluble and insoluble oat-production side-stream in suspensions and emulsions, avoiding any further extraction, fractionation, and/or chemical derivatization. Our approach further increases the value of these side streams. To this aim, we first studied the effect of thermal and mechanical processes on the behavior and properties of both soluble and insoluble oat side-stream fractions in water and at air/water interface. Then, we characterized the emulsifying and stabilizing abilities of these materials in oil-in-water emulsions. Interestingly, we found that the insoluble fraction was able to form stable suspensions and emulsions after mechanical treatment. The oil droplets in the emulsions were stabilized by anchoring at the surface of the insoluble particles. On the other hand, the soluble fraction formed only stable viscous solutions. Finally, we demonstrated that the two fractions can be combined to increase the storage stability of the resulting emulsion.Our results highlight that oat production side streams can be used as novel bio-based emulsifiers, showing the great potential behind the underutilized cereal-side-stream biomass.
Graphical Abstract
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Nikkilä I, Waldén M, Maina NH, Tenkanen M, Mikkonen KS. Fungal Cell Biomass From Enzyme Industry as a Sustainable Source of Hydrocolloids. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2020.574072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bhattarai M, Sulaeva I, Pitkänen L, Kontro I, Tenkanen M, Potthast A, Mikkonen KS. Colloidal features of softwood galactoglucomannans-rich extract. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 241:116368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Spruce Galactoglucomannan-Stabilized Emulsions Enhance Bioaccessibility of Bioactive Compounds. Foods 2020; 9:foods9050672. [PMID: 32456198 PMCID: PMC7278669 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing public awareness of health and sustainability has prompted the development of functional foods rich in health-promoting ingredients. Processing technologies and sustainable multifunctional ingredients are needed for structuring these formulations. Spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM), the main hemicelluloses in softwood cell walls, are an abundantly available, emerging sustainable food hydrocolloid that have the ability to efficiently emulsify and stabilize oil-in-water emulsions. In this study, we illustrate how this lignocellulosic stabilizer affects the digestion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in vitro. A 100% decrease in the initial TAG content was observed during the in vitro digestion, suggesting that complete hydrolysis of the TAGs was achieved by the digestive enzymes. Besides, no release of mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides or phenolic compounds from GGM was detected. Our results demonstrate that the GGM-stabilized emulsion could potentially deliver lipophilic bioactive ingredients and enhance their bioaccessibility. In addition, this bio-stabilizer itself would remain stable in the upper gastrointestinal track and serve as a prebiotic for gut microbiota. We anticipate GGM to complement or even replace many of the conventional carriers of bioactive components in future health care products and functional foods.
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