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Li W, Xu R, Qin S, Song Q, Guo B, Li M, Zhang Y, Zhang B. Cereal dietary fiber regulates the quality of whole grain products: Interaction between composition, modification and processing adaptability. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133223. [PMID: 38897509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The coarse texture and difficulty in processing dietary fiber (DF) in cereal bran have become limiting factors for the development of the whole cereal grain (WCG) food industry. To promote the development of the WCG industry, this review comprehensively summarizes the various forms and structures of cereal DF, including key features such as molecular weight, chain structure, and substitution groups. Different modification methods for changing the chemical structure of DF and their effects on the modification methods on physicochemical properties and biological activities of DF are discussed systematically. Furthermore, the review focusses on exploring the interactions between DF and dough components and discusses the effects on the gluten network structure, starch gelatinization and retrogradation, fermentation, glass transition, gelation, and rheological and crystalline characteristics of dough. Additionally, opportunities and challenges regarding the further development of DF for the flour products are also reviewed. The objective of this review is to establish a comprehensive foundation for the precise modification of cereal DF, particularly focusing on its application in dough-related products, and to advance the development and production of WCG products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Comprehensive Utilization Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of food science technology nutrition and health (Cangzhou) CAAS, Cangzhou, Hebei 061019.China
| | - Rui Xu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Comprehensive Utilization Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of food science technology nutrition and health (Cangzhou) CAAS, Cangzhou, Hebei 061019.China
| | - Shaoshuang Qin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Comprehensive Utilization Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of food science technology nutrition and health (Cangzhou) CAAS, Cangzhou, Hebei 061019.China
| | - Qiaozhi Song
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Comprehensive Utilization Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of food science technology nutrition and health (Cangzhou) CAAS, Cangzhou, Hebei 061019.China
| | - Boli Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Comprehensive Utilization Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of food science technology nutrition and health (Cangzhou) CAAS, Cangzhou, Hebei 061019.China.
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Comprehensive Utilization Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of food science technology nutrition and health (Cangzhou) CAAS, Cangzhou, Hebei 061019.China.
| | - Yingquan Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Comprehensive Utilization Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of food science technology nutrition and health (Cangzhou) CAAS, Cangzhou, Hebei 061019.China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Comprehensive Utilization Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of food science technology nutrition and health (Cangzhou) CAAS, Cangzhou, Hebei 061019.China
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2
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Zhang Y, Wang D, Zhang Z, Guan H, Zhang Y, Xu D, Xu X, Li D. Improvement on wheat bread quality by in situ produced dextran-A comprehensive review from the viewpoint of starch and gluten. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13353. [PMID: 38660747 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Deterioration of bread quality, characterized by the staling of bread crumb, the softening of bread crust and the loss of aroma, has caused a huge food waste and economic loss, which is a bottleneck restriction to the development of the breadmaking industry. Various bread improvers have been widely used to alleviate the issue. However, it is noteworthy that the sourdough technology has emerged as a pivotal factor in this regard. In sourdough, the metabolic breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids leads to the production of exopolysaccharides, organic acids, aroma compounds, or prebiotics, which contributes to the preeminent ability of sourdough to enhance bread attributes. Moreover, sourdough exhibits a "green-label" feature, which satisfies the consumers' increasing demand for additive-free food products. In the past two decades, there has been a significant focus on sourdough with in situ produced dextran due to its exceptional performance. In this review, the behaviors of bread crucial compositions (i.e., starch and gluten) during dough mixing, proofing, baking and bread storing, as well as alterations induced by the acidic environment and the presence of dextran are systemically summarized. From the viewpoint of starch and gluten, results obtained confirm the synergistic amelioration on bread quality by the coadministration of acidity and dextran, and also highlight the central role of acidification. This review contributes to establishing a theoretical foundation for more effectively enhancing the quality of wheat breads through the application of in situ produced dextran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Postdoctoral Research Program of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Postdoctoral Programme of Juxiangyuan Health Food (Zhongshan) Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huanan Guan
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Postdoctoral Programme of Juxiangyuan Health Food (Zhongshan) Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Dan Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xueming Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Lin Q, Liang W, Yan M, Zhao W, Niu L, Shen H, Li W. Improvement of sorghum-wheat blended flours by E-beam irradiation: Physicochemical properties, rheological behavior, microstructure, and quality properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130967. [PMID: 38499122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
To enhance the processing suitability of blended flours, this study used 4 kGy E-beam irradiated (EBI) sorghum flour in different ratios blended with wheat flour and further verified the improvement mechanism of the processed products under the optimal ratios. The results suggested that the EBI can mitigate the deterioration of the blend flour farinograph properties while enhancing the gas release during dough fermentation. Under the same addition ratio, the irradiated blend flours showed higher expansion height, gas release, cavitation time, and gas retention coefficient than the control flours. Also, irradiated blend flours retained a gluten network at a higher addition rate (20 %). Moreover, the irradiated blend flours were optimized at 10 % as its pasting and thermal properties were improved. Notably, this ameliorating effect promotes a decrease in hardness and chewiness and an increase in cohesion of the bread cores, presenting better textural attributes and delaying the aging rate during storage. The findings are instructive for applying EBI technology in the manufacture and quality improvement of mixed grain breads and open a new research avenue for processing sorghum staple foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lin
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Grain Processing Technologies, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Grain Processing Technologies, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengting Yan
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Grain Processing Technologies, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Grain Processing Technologies, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Niu
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Grain Processing Technologies, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huishan Shen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Grain Processing Technologies, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Günal-Köroğlu D, Erskine E, Ozkan G, Capanoglu E, Esatbeyoglu T. Applications and safety aspects of bioactives obtained from by-products/wastes. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 107:213-261. [PMID: 37898541 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Due to the negative impacts of food loss and food waste on the environment, economy, and social contexts, it is a necessity to take action in order to reduce these wastes from post-harvest to distribution. In addition to waste reduction, bioactives obtained from by-products or wastes can be utilized by new end-users by considering the safety aspects. It has been reported that physical, biological, and chemical safety features of raw materials, instruments, environment, and processing methods should be assessed before and during valorization. It has also been indicated that meat by-products/wastes including collagen, gelatin, polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, lipids, enzymes and chitosan; dairy by-products/wastes including whey products, buttermilk and ghee residue; fruit and vegetable by-products/wastes such as pomace, leaves, skins, seeds, stems, seed oils, gums, fiber, polyphenols, starch, cellulose, galactomannan, pectin; cereal by-products/wastes like vitamins, dietary fibers, fats, proteins, starch, husk, and trub have been utilized as animal feed, food supplements, edible coating, bio-based active packaging systems, emulsifiers, water binders, gelling, stabilizing, foaming or whipping agents. This chapter will explain the safety aspects of bioactives obtained from various by-products/wastes. Additionally, applications of bioactives obtained from by-products/wastes have been included in detail by emphasizing the source, form of bioactive compound as well as the effect of said bioactive compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Günal-Köroğlu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Erskine
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulay Ozkan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde, Hannover, Germany.
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The effects of wheat cultivar, flour particle size and bran content on the rheology and microstructure of dough and the texture of whole wheat breads and noodles. Food Chem 2023; 410:135447. [PMID: 36640654 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The rheological properties and microstructure of doughs, and the texture properties of whole wheat breads and noodles were investigated. The gluten strength of doughs were discriminated due to wheat cultivar. Reduced flour particle size led to the doughs with a stronger gluten strength (i.e., smaller C2), lower degree of starch retrogradation (i.e., smaller C5), and longer relaxation time (i.e., larger n values). Firmer crumb of breads were prepared by flours with smaller particle size. With increased bran content, the gluten strength of dough weakened (i.e., increased C2), the development and relaxation time of dough and the degree of starch retrogradation decreased (i.e., decreased C1 time, n values and C5), the dough structure became more porous, and the product texture appeared to be firmer. As such, outcomes from this research will provide a practical guidance for the bakery industry to improve the consumer acceptability of whole wheat products.
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Sun X, Wu S, Koksel F, Xie M, Fang Y. Effects of ingredient and processing conditions on the rheological properties of whole wheat flour dough during breadmaking - A review. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Li X, Wang L, Jiang P, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Li R, Tan B. The effect of wheat bran dietary fibre and raw wheat bran on the flour and dough properties: A comparative study. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Yan J, Lv Y, Ma S. Wheat bran enrichment for flour products: Challenges and Solutions. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Yiming Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Sen Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan China
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Xu F, Chen J. Effects of ultrasound-assisted resting on the tensile properties and gluten network formation of wheat noodle dough. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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The role of dextran and maltosyl-isomalto-oligosaccharides on the structure of bread enriched with surplus bread. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ma Y, Wu D, Guo L, Yao Y, Yao X, Wang Z, Wu K, Cao X, Gao X. Effects of Quinoa Flour on Wheat Dough Quality, Baking Quality, and in vitro Starch Digestibility of the Crispy Biscuits. Front Nutr 2022; 9:846808. [PMID: 35495943 PMCID: PMC9043647 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.846808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoa is a pseudo-cereal which has excellent nutritional and functional properties due to its high content of nutrients, such as polyphenols and flavonoids, and therefore quinoa serves as an excellent supplement to make healthy and functional foods. The present study was aimed to evaluate the quality characteristics of wheat doughs and crispy biscuits supplemented with different amount of quinoa flour. The results showed that when more wheat flour was substituted by quinoa flour, proportion of unextractable polymeric protein to the total polymeric protein (UPP%) of the reconstituted doughs decreased and the gluten network structure was destroyed at a certain substitution level. The content of B-type starch and the gelatinization temperature of the reconstituted flours increased. The storage modulus, loss modulus, development time, and stability time of the dough increased as well. Moreover, hardness and toughness of the formulated crispy biscuits significantly decreased. Analyses suggested that starch digestibility was reduced and resistant starch content increased significantly. Taken together, quinoa flour improved dough rheological properties, enhanced the textural properties, and increased resistant starch content in crispy biscuits, thus adding to high nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Daying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Youhua Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agronomy, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xiaohua Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agronomy, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kunlun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agronomy, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- *Correspondence: Kunlun Wu,
| | - Xinyou Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Xinyou Cao,
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Xin Gao,
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Doan NTT, Lai QD, Vo HV, Nguyen HD. Influence of adding rice bran on physio-chemical and sensory properties of bread. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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A Systematic Comparison of the Intrinsic Properties of Wheat and Oat Bran Fractions and Their Effects on Dough and Bread Properties: Elucidation of Chemical Mechanisms, Water Binding, and Steric Hindrance. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102311. [PMID: 34681360 PMCID: PMC8534771 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at elucidating the contribution of chemical interactions, water binding, and steric hindrance on the effect of wheat and oat brans and of their fractions, i.e., soluble and insoluble, on dough and bread properties. For such purpose, an inert filler, i.e., glass beads of comparable particle size and with no water binding capacity and moisture sorption properties, was also studied. The glass beads provided breads most similar to the control, indicating the limited role of steric hindrance. Brans and bran fractions showed distinct compositional and physical properties. The soluble fraction from oat bran, rich in β-glucan, was less hygroscopic than the wheat counterpart and could bind more water, resulting in larger detrimental effects on bread quality. The β-glucan content showed a prevalent role in affecting gluten development, the thermo-setting behaviour of the dough, and crumb texture, i.e., cohesiveness and resilience. Overall, the comparison between the two brans and their fractions indicated that the interplay between water binding, mainly provided by the insoluble fraction, and the plasticizing properties of the soluble bran fraction controlled the effects on bread volume and texture. From a compositional standpoint, β-glucan content was a determining factor that discriminated the effects of wheat and oat brans.
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Development of a New Pasta Product by the Incorporation of Chestnut Flour and Bee Pollen. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11146617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed at developing fortified pastas incorporating chestnut flour (25–55%) and powdered pollen (5–20%), either separately or in combination, as well as the characterization of the products obtained. To this, a physical characterization was carried out (analyzing texture and color), complemented with chemical analyses to determine the nutritional composition. Results showed that adding chestnut flour over 40% to wheat-flour pasta shortened optimum cooking time and lowered cooking yield, and the addition to pasta prepared with wheat flour and eggs maintained approximately constant the cooking yield. Additionally, the incorporation of pollen powder (up to 20%) in pasta prepared with wheat flour and water or fresh egg shortened the cooking time and cooking yield, in both fresh and dried pasta. The most suitable percentages of the new ingredients were 50% for chestnut and 10% for pollen. Comparing with the control pasta recipe (wheat flour and egg), the addition of chestnut flour (50%) or pollen powder (10%) increased stickiness, adhesiveness and the darkening of the final product (fresh or dried) but maintained the firmness of the pasta. The cooking of fresh or dried pasta enriched with both ingredients turned the pasta clearer and slightly stickier. On the other hand, the addition of chestnut flour and pollen powder in pasta formulation delivered a nutritionally balanced product with high fiber, vitamins and minerals. Overall, chestnut flour and powdered pollen represent promising ingredients for the development of functional fresh and dried pasta formulations.
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Wheat Bran Modifications for Enhanced Nutrition and Functionality in Selected Food Products. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133918. [PMID: 34206885 PMCID: PMC8271396 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The established use of wheat bran (WB) as a food ingredient is related to the nutritional components locked in its dietary fibre. Concurrently, the technological impairment it poses has impeded its use in product formulations. For over two decades, several modifications have been investigated to combat this problem. Ninety-three (93) studies (review and original research) published in English between January 1997 and April 2021 reporting WB modifications for improved nutritional, structural, and functional properties and prospective utilisation in food formulations were included in this paper. The modification methods include mechanical (milling), bioprocessing (enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation with yeasts and bacteria), and thermal (dry heat, extrusion, autoclaving), treatments. This review condenses the current knowledge on the single and combined impact of various WB pre-treatments on its antioxidant profile, fibre solubilisation, hydration properties, microstructure, chemical properties, and technological properties. The use of modified WB in gluten-free, baked, and other food products was reviewed and possible gaps for future research are proposed. The application of modified WB will have broader application prospects in food formulations.
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Schopf M, Scherf KA. Water Absorption Capacity Determines the Functionality of Vital Gluten Related to Specific Bread Volume. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020228. [PMID: 33498626 PMCID: PMC7910979 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vital gluten is often used in baking to supplement weak wheat flours and improve their baking quality. Even with the same recipe, variable final bread volumes are common, because the functionality differs between vital gluten samples also from the same manufacturer. To understand why, the protein composition of ten vital gluten samples was investigated as well as their performance in a microbaking test depending on the water content in the dough. The gluten content and composition as well the content of free thiols and disulfide bonds of the samples were similar and not related to the specific bread volumes obtained using two dough systems, one based on a baking mixture and one based on a weak wheat flour. Variations of water addition showed that an optimal specific volume of 1.74–2.38 mL/g (baking mixture) and 4.25–5.49 mL/g (weak wheat flour) was reached for each vital gluten sample depending on its specific water absorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Schopf
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Katharina Anne Scherf
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- Department of Bioactive and Functional Food Chemistry, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-721-608-44176
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