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Romano-Matos V, Tundidor-Camba A, Vera S, Navarrete I, Videla A. Influences of Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate Microplastic on the Hygrothermal and Mechanical Performance of Plasterboard with Polymethylhydrosiloxane Content. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1652. [PMID: 38612163 PMCID: PMC11012448 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
New composites produced with recycled waste are needed to manufacture more sustainable construction materials. This paper aimed to analyze the hygrothermal and mechanical performance of plasterboard with a polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) content, incorporating recycled PET microplastic waste and varying factors such as PMHS dose, homogenization time, and drying temperature after setting. A cube-centered experimental design matrix was performed. The crystal morphology, porosity, fluidity, water absorption, flexural strength, and thermal conductivity of plasterboards were measured. The results showed that incorporating recycled PET microplastics does not produce a significant difference in the absorption and flexural strength of plasterboards. However, the addition of recycled PET reduced the thermal conductivity of plasterboards by around 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Romano-Matos
- Department of Mining Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Alain Tundidor-Camba
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
- Research Laboratory for Organic Polymers (RLOP), Department of Organic Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- UC Energy Center, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Sergio Vera
- UC Energy Center, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
- Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
- Center for Sustainable Urban Development CEDEUS, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Ivan Navarrete
- Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
- Concrete Innovation Hub UC (CIHUC), Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Alvaro Videla
- Department of Mining Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
- UC Energy Center, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
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Aranha R, Filho MAA, Santos CDL, de Andrade THF, Fonseca VM, Rivera JLV, dos Santos MA, de Lima AGB, de Amorim WF, de Carvalho LH. Effect of Water Absorption and Stacking Sequences on the Tensile Properties and Damage Mechanisms of Hybrid Polyester/Glass/Jute Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:925. [PMID: 38611183 PMCID: PMC11013219 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties and damage mechanisms of polyester/glass fiber/jute fiber hybrid composites obtained using the compression molding and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) techniques with different stacking sequences. For this purpose, the mechanical behavior under tensile stress of the samples was evaluated before and after hygrothermal aging at different temperatures: TA, 50 °C, and 70 °C for a period of 696 h. The damage mechanism after the mechanical tests was evaluated using SEM analysis. The results showed a tendency for the mechanical properties of the composites to decrease with exposure to an aqueous ambient, regardless of the molding technique used to conform the composites. It was also observed that the stacking sequence had no significant influence on the dry composites. However, exposure to the aqueous ambient led to a reduction in mechanical properties, both for the molding technique and the stacking sequence. Damage such as delamination, fiber pull-out, fiber/matrix detachment, voids, and matrix removal were observed in the composites in the SEM analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudá Aranha
- Escuela de Ingeniería Mecánica, Pontifícia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340025, Chile
| | - Mario A. Albuquerque Filho
- Post-Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil; (M.A.A.F.); (L.H.d.C.)
| | - Cícero de L. Santos
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil; (C.d.L.S.); (M.A.d.S.); (A.G.B.d.L.)
| | - Tony Herbert F. de Andrade
- Petroleum Engineering Department, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil;
| | - Viviane M. Fonseca
- Textil Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil;
| | - Jose Luis Valin Rivera
- Escuela de Ingeniería Mecánica, Pontifícia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340025, Chile
| | - Marco A. dos Santos
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil; (C.d.L.S.); (M.A.d.S.); (A.G.B.d.L.)
| | - Antonio G. B. de Lima
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil; (C.d.L.S.); (M.A.d.S.); (A.G.B.d.L.)
| | - Wanderley F. de Amorim
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil; (C.d.L.S.); (M.A.d.S.); (A.G.B.d.L.)
| | - Laura H. de Carvalho
- Post-Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil; (M.A.A.F.); (L.H.d.C.)
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De Angelis D, Latrofa V, Caponio F, Pasqualone A, Summo C. Techno-functional properties of dry-fractionated plant-based proteins and application in food product development: a review. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:1884-1896. [PMID: 38009309 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Dry-fractionated protein concentrates are gaining attention because they are produced using a versatile and sustainable technology, which can be applied to a wide range of plant material. To facilitate their utilization in new product development, it is crucial to obtain a comprehensive overview of their techno-functional properties. The present review aims to examine the techno-functional properties of dry-fractionated protein concentrates and describe their primary applications in food products, considering the published works in the last decade. The techno-functional properties of proteins, including water absorption capacity, emulsifying and foaming properties, gelling ability or protein solubility, are relevant factors to consider during food formulation. However, these properties are significantly influenced by the extraction technology, the type of protein and its characteristics. Overall, dry-fractionated proteins are characterized by high protein solubility, high foaming ability and foam stability, and high gelling ability. Such properties have been exploited in the development of food, such as bakery products and pasta, with the aim of increasing the protein content and enhancing the nutritional value. Additionally, innovative foods with distinctive textural and nutritional characteristics, such as meat and dairy analogues, have been developed by using dry-fractionated proteins. The results indicate that the study of these ingredients still needs to be improved, including their application with a broader range of plant materials. Nevertheless, this review could represent an initial step to obtaining an overview of the techno-functional properties of dry-fractionated proteins, facilitating their use in foods. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Vittoria Latrofa
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Caponio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Pasqualone
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Carmine Summo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Koch NM, Díaz Dominguez R, Fávaro A, Stanton D. Thallus hydrophobicity: A low-cost method for understanding lichen ecophysiological responses to environmental changes. Appl Plant Sci 2024; 12:e11565. [PMID: 38638616 PMCID: PMC11022209 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Premise Methods to evaluate lichen thalli hydrophobicity have previously been described, but only recently has hydrophobicity been shown to be an important functional trait related to water regulation dynamics that could be used to predict future climate change effects. We describe a novel protocol to measure lichen thallus hydrophobicity that aims to be an easier and more affordable approach. Methods and Results Our protocol requires only a micropipette, distilled water, a tripod, and a smartphone or camera. Hydrophobicity is inferred from multiple metrics associated with the absorption times of standardized droplets (initial and total absorption time). We used a data set of 93 lichen taxa with different growth forms and from different biomes and demonstrated that this method is well suited for capturing different levels of hydrophobicity, including very hydrophilic species. Conclusions Our results show that this new protocol to measure lichen hydrophobicity is a rapid and low-cost method to assess an ecophysiologically based functional trait that can be used with almost no limitations, including in different climates, lichen species, and growth forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Mossmann Koch
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Raúl Díaz Dominguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Centro de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
| | - Ana Fávaro
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Daniel Stanton
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesotaUSA
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Kim HM, Kim JH, Lee MH, Kim GM, Park CY, Lee DH, Na CS. Methods for Improving the Germination of Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino Seeds through Endocarp Removal. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:648. [PMID: 38475494 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino is known to have a seed dispersal that is thick and stony (endocarp + seeds) and has potential as a landscaping tree seed. In several Rosaceae species, seeds are covered with a hard endocarp, making the internal seeds water-impermeable and germination difficult. Here, we analyzed the morphoanatomical traits and germination properties of R. scandens seeds. To identify ideal seed propagation conditions, we immersed R. scandens seeds in sulfuric acid for varying durations and subjected them to phytohormone (gibberellic acid A3 and fluridone) and a cold stratification (CS) (5 °C) treatment after endocarp removal (ER). The R. scandens stony seeds did not increase in mass by ≥25.0%. Following ER, the seed mass increased by ≥50.0% with water absorption when compared to the initial dry mass. Seed surfaces showed damage and cracks through scarification after 1 h of immersion in sulfuric acid, failing to germinate. A combination of ER, phytohormone treatment, and CS improved seed germination compared to ER alone (26.0 ± 5.3%). Overall, R. scandens seeds showed a dispersal with a hard endocarp from the parent plant, and a pre-treatment with ER, phytohormones, and CS was required for effective seed propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Min Kim
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeok Kim
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyun Lee
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Mo Kim
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Youl Park
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Republic of Korea
- Experiment & Analysis Division, Incheon International Airport Regional Office, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Incheon 22382, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hyun Lee
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Sun Na
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Republic of Korea
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Watanabe K, Kaneko M, Zhong X, Takada K, Kaneko T, Kawai M, Mitsumata T. Effect of Water Absorption on Electric Properties of Temperature-Resistant Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:521. [PMID: 38399899 PMCID: PMC10892007 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of water absorption on the electric resistivity and dielectric constant of polyimide (PI) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were investigated, and the mechanism of deterioration in electrical insulation properties was discussed. The polyimides are poly(oxydianiline pyromellitimide) (PMDA-ODA) and poly(para-phenylene diamine biphenyltetracarboxydiimide) (BPDA-PDA). These polymer films were immersed in pure water for various immersion times at room temperature, and the water absorption ratio was evaluated. The electric resistance for these films was measured at room temperature using a high-resistance meter, and the dielectric constant at room temperature was measured using an LCR meter in a frequency range of 200 kHz to 2 MHz. The absorption ratios at equilibrium absorption for PMDA-ODA, BPDA-PDA, and PET were 2.7, 2.5, and 0.5%, respectively. The critical volume fraction of the percolation threshold of electric conductivity due to water absorption was 0.034 for both PMDA-ODA and BPDA-PDA. On the other hand, PET did not show a significant decrease in the resistivity. For both PIs and PET, the dielectric constant observed could be explained by a series model of the respective capacitances of pure water and polymer. Actually, the resistivity of samples cut from the edges of the film after water absorption was almost the same value as that in the dry state. These results suggest that the absorbed water molecules are not uniformly dispersed in the film but are localized at the edges of the film even after the absorption equilibrium has been reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaito Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kaneko
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Xianzhu Zhong
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Japan
| | - Kenji Takada
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kaneko
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Japan
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214266, China
| | - Mika Kawai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Tetsu Mitsumata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
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Smarzewski P, Błaszczyk K. Influence of Cement Kiln Dust on Long-Term Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure of High-Performance Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:833. [PMID: 38399084 PMCID: PMC10890526 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Cement production in the world market is steadily increasing. In 2000, it was 1600 million tons, while as of 2013, the annual amount exceeded 4000 million tons. The burning of cement clinker is associated with the generation of waste. It is estimated that the amount of cement kiln dust (CKD), during combustion, reaches about 15-20%, which means 700 million tons per year. However, not all types of by-products are reusable due to high alkali, sulfate, and chloride contents, which can adversely affect the environment. One environmentally friendly solution may be to use CKD in the production of high-performance concrete (HPC), as a substitute for some of the cement. This paper presents a study of the short- and long-term physical and mechanical properties of HPC with 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% CKD additives. The experiments determined density, water absorption, porosity, splitting tensile strength, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and evaluated the microstructure of the concrete. The addition of CKD up to 10% caused an increase in the 28- and 730-day compressive strengths, while the values decreased slightly when CKD concentration increased to 20%. Splitting tensile strength decreased proportionally with 5-20% amounts of CKD regardless of HPC age. Porosity, absorbability, and ultrasonic pulse velocity decreased with increasing cement dust, while the bulk density increased for HPC with CKD. Microstructure analyses showed a decrease in the content of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), acceleration of setting, and formation of wider microcracks with an increase in CKD. From the results, it was shown that a 15% percentage addition of CKD can effectively replace cement in the production of HPC and contribute to reducing the amount of by-product from the burning of cement clinker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Smarzewski
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystian Błaszczyk
- Candidate for Doctoral School, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
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Mian SH, Abouel Nasr E, Moiduddin K, Saleh M, Alkhalefah H. An Insight into the Characteristics of 3D Printed Polymer Materials for Orthoses Applications: Experimental Study. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:403. [PMID: 38337292 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Knee orthoses assist patients with impaired gait through the amendment of knee abnormalities, restoration of mobility, alleviation of pain, shielding, and immobilization. The inevitable issues with laborious traditional plaster molding procedures for orthoses can be resolved with 3D printing. However, a number of challenges have limited the adoption of 3D printing, the most significant of which is the proper material selection for orthoses. This is so because the material used to make an orthosis affects its strength, adaptability, longevity, weight, moisture response, etc. This study intends to examine the mechanical, physical, and dimensional characteristics of three-dimensional (3D) printing materials (PLA, ABS, PETG, TPU, and PP). The aim of this investigation is to gain knowledge about these materials' potential for usage as knee orthosis materials. Tensile testing, Olympus microscope imaging, water absorption studies, and coordinate measuring machine-based dimension analysis are used to characterize the various 3D printing materials. Based on the investigation, PLA outperforms all other materials in terms of yield strength (25.98 MPa), tensile strength (30.89 MPa), and shrinkage (0.46%). PP is the least water absorbent (0.15%) and most flexible (407.99%); however, it is the most difficult to fabricate using 3D printing. When producing knee orthoses with 3D printing, PLA can be used for the orthosis frame and other structural elements, PLA or ABS for moving parts like hinges, PP for padding, and TPU or PP for the straps. This study provides useful information for scientists and medical professionals who are intrigued about various polymer materials for 3D printing and their effective utilization to fabricate knee orthoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Hammad Mian
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Abouel Nasr
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaja Moiduddin
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Saleh
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Alkhalefah
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
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Pycia K, Juszczak L. Rheological Characteristics of Wheat Dough Containing Powdered Hazelnuts or Walnuts Oil Cakes. Foods 2023; 13:140. [PMID: 38201168 PMCID: PMC10779212 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study assessed edible oil industry byproducts, oil cakes (OC) based on hazelnuts and walnuts (HOC, WOC), to replace wheat flour dough (WD) based on farinograph and extensograph parameters and rheological measurements. The research hypothesis of this work is that replacing part of wheat flour with ground nut oil cakes modifies the rheological characteristics of the dough. WF was replaced at the level of 5%, 10% and 15%. It was shown that use of OC in flour mixtures at various levels significantly influenced the rheological properties of the dough. The water absorption of wheat flour and oil cake mixtures was higher than that of the control sample, and the average value of this indicator was 53.4%. The control sample had the lowest dough development time (DDT), and the presence of HOC or WOC in the system resulted in a significant increase in this parameter (p < 0.05). The average DDT of WDHOC cakes was 4.7 min and was lower compared to WDWOC which was 5.9 min. The WDWOC10% and WDWOC15% samples were characterized by the highest dough stability value and the lowest degree of softening (p < 0.05). The presence of OC in the flour mixtures increased the values of the storage and loss moduli, which was reflected in the K' and K″ values. The values of these parameters also increased as the level of OC addition increased. WDHOC doughs were characterized by higher values of the K' and K″ parameters compared to WDWOC. The results of the creep and recovery test showed that the dough with the addition of nut OC was less susceptible to deformation compared to the control dough (p < 0.05). The resistance to deformation increased with the increasing share of HOC or WOC in the mixtures. The average value of viscoelastic compliance (J1) of this parameter for WDHOC dough was on average 1.8 × 10-4 Pa-1, and for WDWOC 2.0 × 10-4 Pa-1. Nut oil cakes are an interesting technological addition to the dough. Their use may have a positive impact on the characteristics of the finished product and expand their application possibilities in the food industry. This is because the dough with the addition of nut cakes was more stiff and less flexible and susceptible to deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pycia
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology, College of Natural Science, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza Street 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Lesław Juszczak
- Department of Food Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Street 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland;
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Łukaszewska I, Bukowczan A, Raftopoulos KN, Pielichowski K. Examining the Water-Polymer Interactions in Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane/Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Hybrid Hydrogels. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:57. [PMID: 38201722 PMCID: PMC10780322 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) networks physically modified with octa(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyldimethylsiloxy)POSS (8OHPOSS, 0-10 wt%) were conditioned in environments of different relative humidities (up to 97%) to study water-polymer interactions. The equilibrium sorption isotherms are of Brunauer type III in a water activity range of 0-0.97 and are discussed in terms of the Guggenheim (GAB) sorption model. The study shows that the introduction of 8OHPOSS, even in a large amount (10 wt%), does not hinder the water affinity of the NIPU network despite the hydrophobic nature of POSS; this is attributable to the homogenous dispersion of POSS in the polymer matrix. The shift in the urethane-derived carbonyl bands toward lower wavenumbers with a simultaneous shift in the urethane N-H bending bands toward higher wavenumbers exposes the breakage of polymer-polymer hydrogen bonds upon water uptake due to the formation of stronger water-polymer hydrogen bonds. Upon water absorption, a notable decrease in the glass transition temperature (Tg) is observed for all studied materials. The progressive reduction in Tg with water uptake is driven by plasticization and slaving mechanisms. POSS moieties are thought to impact slaving indirectly by slightly affecting water uptake at very high hydration levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Łukaszewska
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland; (A.B.); (K.N.R.)
| | | | | | - Krzysztof Pielichowski
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland; (A.B.); (K.N.R.)
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Sambucci M, Nouri SM, Tayebi ST, Valente M. Synergic Effect of Recycled Carbon Fibers and Microfibrillated Cellulose Gel for Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Cement-Based Materials. Gels 2023; 9:981. [PMID: 38131967 PMCID: PMC10742545 DOI: 10.3390/gels9120981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A new hybrid fiber blend containing microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) gel and recycled carbon short fiber (RCSF) was implemented for designing fiber-reinforced cement mortars, to further improve the mechanical properties and enhance the sustainability of cement-based materials. The individual impact of single fibrous fillers as well as the synergistic effect of a hybrid fiber system (MFC + RCSF) were investigated in terms of the rheological properties, mechanical strength, and microstructure of the mortars. The results indicated that the workability of fresh mixtures slightly increased after fiber addition. The fibers incorporated alone improved the materials' performance in different ways. The addition of RCSF led to improvements of up to 76% in flexural strength and 13% in compression strength for a fiber content of 0.75 wt.%. However, the addition of carbon fibers led to slight deteriorations in terms of porosity and water absorption. On the other hand, the use of MFC induced a less significant growth in terms of mechanical strength (+14% in flexural strength for 0.75 wt.% of cellulose) but greatly improved the microstructural quality of the mortar, significantly reducing its water permeability. Considering the optimum MFC dosage, MFC+RCSF hybrid mixtures showed positive effects on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the mortar, displaying further improvements in strength, while preserving a lower porosity and water absorption than the control mix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Sambucci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (S.M.N.); (S.T.T.); (M.V.)
- INSTM Reference Laboratory for Engineering of Surface Treatments, UdR Rome, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Seyed Mostafa Nouri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (S.M.N.); (S.T.T.); (M.V.)
| | - Sara Taherinezhad Tayebi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (S.M.N.); (S.T.T.); (M.V.)
- INSTM Reference Laboratory for Engineering of Surface Treatments, UdR Rome, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Valente
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (S.M.N.); (S.T.T.); (M.V.)
- INSTM Reference Laboratory for Engineering of Surface Treatments, UdR Rome, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
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12
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Sun J, Fang TS, Chen YX, Tsai YC, Liu YX, Chen CY, Su CY, Fang HW. Improving the Physical Properties of Starch-Based Powders for Potential Anti-Adhesion Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4702. [PMID: 38139954 PMCID: PMC10747860 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative adhesion is one of the most common complications that occur during and after surgery; thus, materials that can prevent adhesion are often applied. Starch powders with a high water absorption capacity are preferred, and many studies have focused on increasing the water absorption of modified starches, as native starch powders display poor water-holding capacities. The effects of salts on the physical properties of acetylated distarch phosphate potato starch powders were investigated here. Changes in functional groups, the crystal structures of modified starch, particle morphologies, water absorption, viscosity, and in vivo adhesion were investigated. The results showed that salts greatly improved the water absorption and viscosity of acetylated distarch phosphate potato starch powders. Among the three different salt-modified starch powders, NaCl-modified starch powders displayed higher water absorption and viscosity and demonstrated better in vivo anti-adhesion performance. The results of this study propose a potential biomaterial that may function as an anti-adhesive, potentially leading to reduced surgical risks and a better quality of life for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaydon Sun
- Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA 22312, USA;
- High-Value Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (T.-S.F.); (Y.-X.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-X.L.)
| | - Tzu-Shan Fang
- High-Value Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (T.-S.F.); (Y.-X.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-X.L.)
- Taipei WEGO Private Senior High School, Taipei 11254, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Xiang Chen
- High-Value Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (T.-S.F.); (Y.-X.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-X.L.)
| | - Yu-Cheng Tsai
- High-Value Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (T.-S.F.); (Y.-X.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-X.L.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Xin Liu
- High-Value Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (T.-S.F.); (Y.-X.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-X.L.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11042, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ying Su
- High-Value Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (T.-S.F.); (Y.-X.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-X.L.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Wei Fang
- High-Value Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (T.-S.F.); (Y.-X.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-X.L.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
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13
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Jing S, Wu L, Siciliano AP, Chen C, Li T, Hu L. The Critical Roles of Water in the Processing, Structure, and Properties of Nanocellulose. ACS Nano 2023; 17:22196-22226. [PMID: 37934794 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The cellulose industry depends heavily on water owing to the hydrophilic nature of cellulose fibrils and its potential for sustainable and innovative production methods. The emergence of nanocellulose, with its excellent properties, and the incorporation of nanomaterials have garnered significant attention. At the nanoscale level, nanocellulose offers a higher exposure of hydroxyl groups, making it more intimate with water than micro- and macroscale cellulose fibers. Gaining a deeper understanding of the interaction between nanocellulose and water holds the potential to reduce production costs and provide valuable insights into designing functional nanocellulose-based materials. In this review, water molecules interacting with nanocellulose are classified into free water (FW) and bound water (BW), based on their interaction forces with surface hydroxyls and their mobility in different states. In addition, the water-holding capacity of cellulosic materials and various water detection methods are also discussed. The review also examines water-utilization and water-removal methods in the fabrication, dispersion, and transport of nanocellulose, aiming to elucidate the challenges and tradeoffs in these processes while minimizing energy and time costs. Furthermore, the influence of water on nanocellulose properties, including mechanical properties, ion conductivity, and biodegradability, are discussed. Finally, we provide our perspective on the challenges and opportunities in developing nanocellulose and its interplay with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Jing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lianping Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Amanda P Siciliano
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Chaoji Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Center for Materials Innovation, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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14
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Wang S, Rao W, Hou C, Suleman R, Zhang Z, Chai X, Tian H. Development of Plastic/Gelatin Bilayer Active Packaging Film with Antibacterial and Water-Absorbing Functions for Lamb Preservation. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:1128-1149. [PMID: 37969331 PMCID: PMC10636216 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to extend the shelf life of refrigerating raw lamb by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, preventing the oxidation of fat and protein, and absorbing the juice outflow of lamb during storage, an active packaging system based on plastic/gelatin bilayer film with essential oil was developed in this study. Three kinds of petroleum-derived plastic films, oriented polypropylene (OPP), polyethylene terephthalate, and polyethylene, were coated with gelatin to make bilayer films for lamb preservation. The results showed significant improvement in the mechanical properties, oxygen, moisture, and light barriers of the bilayer films compared to the gelatin film. The OPP/gelatin bilayer film was selected for further experiments because of its highest acceptance by panelists. If the amount of juice outflow was less than 350% of the mass of the gelatin layer, it was difficult for the gelatin film to separate from lamb. With the increase in essential oil concentration, the water absorption capacity decreased. The OPP/gelatin bilayer films with 20% mustard or 10% oregano essential oils inhibited the growth of bacteria in lamb and displayed better mechanical properties. Essential oil decreased the brightness and light transmittance of the bilayer films and made the film yellow. In conclusion, our results suggested that the active packaging system based on OPP/gelatin bilayer film was more suitable for raw lamb preservation than single-layer gelatin film or petroleum-derived plastic film, but need further study, including minimizing the amount of essential oil, enhancing the mechanical strength of the gelatin film after water absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology,
Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Weili Rao
- College of Food Science and Technology,
Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Chengli Hou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology,
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Risk Assessment
Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Quality and Safety, Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Raheel Suleman
- Department of Food Science and Technology,
Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya
University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Zhisheng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology,
Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chai
- College of Food Science and Technology,
Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Hanxue Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology,
Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
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15
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Douadi A, Hebbache K, Boutlikht M, Tabchouche S, Belebchouche C, Hammouche R, Del Serrone G, Moretti L. Physical and Mechanical Effects of Silica Sand in Cement Mortars: Experimental and Statistical Modeling. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6861. [PMID: 37959458 PMCID: PMC10650378 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The environmental impacts of cement manufacturing are becoming a real-time issue that requires attention. This paper investigates the mechanical and physical properties of mortars with finely ground sand as a substitute for cement. The experimental program consisted of three silica sands with a Blaine Specific Surface (BSS) area of 459 m2/kg, 497 m2/kg, and 543 m2/kg and four substitution ratios of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. A total of 12 mixtures have been prepared and tested for comparison to the reference mortar. The pozzolanic effect of the sand was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results revealed that the fineness variation from 459 m2/kg to 543 m2/kg resulted in an increase of 20% and 30% in water absorption and compressive strength, respectively. However, increasing the substitution ratio from 10% to 40% led to a 40% decrease in mechanical strength and a 25% increase in water absorption. The statistical analysis of the results demonstrated that both factors under study influenced compressive strength and water absorption. The ANalysis of VAriance (ANOVA) confirmed that the proposed regression equations predict the experimental results. Further studies will investigate both the technical and environmental performances of cement mortars with finely ground silica sand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Douadi
- Civil Engineering Research Laboratory of Setif (LRGCS), Department of Civil Engineering, Ferhat Abbas University of Setif 1, Setif 19000, Algeria
| | - Kamel Hebbache
- Civil Engineering Research Laboratory of Setif (LRGCS), Department of Civil Engineering, Ferhat Abbas University of Setif 1, Setif 19000, Algeria
| | - Mourad Boutlikht
- Civil Engineering Research Laboratory of Setif (LRGCS), Department of Civil Engineering, Ferhat Abbas University of Setif 1, Setif 19000, Algeria
| | - Seifeddine Tabchouche
- Civil Engineering Research Laboratory of Setif (LRGCS), Department of Civil Engineering, Ferhat Abbas University of Setif 1, Setif 19000, Algeria
| | - Cherif Belebchouche
- Materials and Durability of Construction Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Frére Mentouri University of Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Redha Hammouche
- Materials and Durability of Construction Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Frére Mentouri University of Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Giulia Del Serrone
- Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Moretti
- Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy;
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16
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Shcherban’ EM, Stel’makh SA, Beskopylny AN, Mailyan LR, Meskhi B, Elshaeva D, Chernil’nik A, Mailyan AL, Ananova O. Eco-Friendly Sustainable Concrete and Mortar Using Coal Dust Waste. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6604. [PMID: 37834742 PMCID: PMC10574357 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Finding the solution to the problem of the accumulating waste from the mining and processing industries, as well as reducing their carbon footprint, is among the most important tasks today. Within the construction industry, in the field of the production of building materials such as concrete, these problems may be solved through the use of waste and by saving the binder component. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the feasibility of using waste coal dust (CD) in concrete and cement-sand mortars as a partial replacement for cement. Test samples were made by partially replacing cement with CD in an amount from 0% to 10% in increments of 2% by weight. The following main characteristics were studied: mobility and density of mixtures, as well as density, compressive strength, bending strength and water absorption of concrete and mortars. X-ray diffraction and microscopic analysis methods were used in this work. The introduction of CD to replace part of the cement, up to 10%, did not have a significant effect on the density of concrete and mortar mixtures but reduced their workability. The best values of physical and mechanical characteristics were recorded for concrete and mortar with 4% CD. The increases in the compressive strength of concrete and mortars were 6.6% and 5.7%, and in flexural strength 6.1% and 5.6%, respectively. Water absorption decreased by 9.7% for concrete and by 9.3% for mortar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii M. Shcherban’
- Department of Engineering Geology, Bases and Foundations, Don State Technical University, 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
| | - Sergey A. Stel’makh
- Department of Unique Buildings and Constructions Engineering, Don State Technical University, 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (S.A.S.); (L.R.M.); (D.E.); (A.C.)
| | - Alexey N. Beskopylny
- Department of Transport Systems, Faculty of Roads and Transport Systems, Don State Technical University, 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Levon R. Mailyan
- Department of Unique Buildings and Constructions Engineering, Don State Technical University, 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (S.A.S.); (L.R.M.); (D.E.); (A.C.)
| | - Besarion Meskhi
- Department of Life Safety and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Life Safety and Environmental Engineering, Don State Technical University, 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
| | - Diana Elshaeva
- Department of Unique Buildings and Constructions Engineering, Don State Technical University, 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (S.A.S.); (L.R.M.); (D.E.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrei Chernil’nik
- Department of Unique Buildings and Constructions Engineering, Don State Technical University, 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (S.A.S.); (L.R.M.); (D.E.); (A.C.)
| | - Alexander L. Mailyan
- Department of Urban Construction and Economy, Don State Technical University, 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
| | - Oxana Ananova
- Department of Marketing and Engineering Economics, Faculty of Innovative Business and Management, Don State Technical University, 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
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17
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de Aguiar ALD, da Silva NA, Gomes BMC, da Gloria MYR, Hasparyk NP, Toledo Filho RD. Assessment of Wood Bio-Concrete Properties Modified with Silane-Siloxane. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6105. [PMID: 37763383 PMCID: PMC10532751 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Bio-based materials, such as wood bio-concrete (WBC), hold promise in reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint of the construction industry. However, the durability of these materials is not well understood and can be negatively affected by the high water absorption capacity of wood bio-aggregates. In the field of cement composites, for example, silane-siloxane-based water repellent has been used to protect such materials from natural environmental attack. Nevertheless, there is still a limited understanding of various aspects related to this type of treatment, including its performance when applied to the bio-concrete substrate. This research aimed to investigate the influence of silane-siloxane on the rheology and hydration of cementitious paste through isothermal calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Additionally, the impact of silane-siloxane on the physical and mechanical properties of WBCs was examined by conducting tests at fresh state (flow table and entrained air content) and hardened state (compressive strength and capillary water absorption). The composites were produced with a volumetric fraction of 45% of wood shavings while the cement matrix consisted of a combination of cement, rice husk ash, and fly ash. Silane-siloxane was applied in three ways: as coating, incorporated as an admixture, and in a combination of both methods. The results indicated that by incorporating silane in the cementitious pastethe viscosity increased by 40% and the hydration was delayed by approximately 6 h when compared to the reference. In addition, silane improved the compressive strength of WBCs by 24% when incorporated into the mixture, expressively reduced the water sorptivity of WBCs (93%), and was more effective if used as coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. D. de Aguiar
- Department of Civil Engineering, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil; (A.L.D.d.A.); (N.A.d.S.); (B.M.C.G.); (M.Y.R.d.G.)
| | - Nathalia A. da Silva
- Department of Civil Engineering, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil; (A.L.D.d.A.); (N.A.d.S.); (B.M.C.G.); (M.Y.R.d.G.)
| | - Bruno M. C. Gomes
- Department of Civil Engineering, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil; (A.L.D.d.A.); (N.A.d.S.); (B.M.C.G.); (M.Y.R.d.G.)
| | - M’hamed Y. R. da Gloria
- Department of Civil Engineering, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil; (A.L.D.d.A.); (N.A.d.S.); (B.M.C.G.); (M.Y.R.d.G.)
| | - Nicole P. Hasparyk
- Department of Dam Safety and Technology, ELETROBRAS Furnas, Aparecida de Goiânia 74993-600, Brazil;
| | - Romildo D. Toledo Filho
- Department of Civil Engineering, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil; (A.L.D.d.A.); (N.A.d.S.); (B.M.C.G.); (M.Y.R.d.G.)
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18
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Mercader Ruiz J, Beitia M, Delgado D, Sánchez P, Arnaiz MJ, López de Dicastillo L, Benito-Lopez F, Basabe-Desmonts L, Sánchez M. New Formulation of Platelet-Rich Plasma Enriched in Platelet and Extraplatelet Biomolecules Using Hydrogels. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13811. [PMID: 37762114 PMCID: PMC10530784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous biologic product used in several fields of medicine for tissue repair due to the regenerative capacity of the biomolecules of its formulation. PRP consists of a plasma with a platelet concentration higher than basal levels but with basal levels of any biomolecules present out of the platelets. Plasma contains extraplatelet biomolecules known to enhance its regenerative properties. Therefore, a PRP containing not only a higher concentration of platelets but also a higher concentration of extraplatelet biomolecules that could have a stronger regenerative performance than a standard PRP. Considering this, the aim of this work is to develop a new method to obtain PRP enriched in both platelet and extraplatelet molecules. The method is based on the absorption of the water of the plasma using hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA)-based hydrogels. A plasma fraction obtained from blood, containing the basal levels of platelets and proteins, was placed in contact with the HEAA hydrogel powder to absorb half the volume of the water. The resulting plasma was characterized, and its bioactivity was analyzed in vitro. The novel PRP (nPRP) showed a platelet concentration and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) levels similar to the standard PRP (sPRP), but the concentration of the extraplatelet growth factors IGF-1 (p < 0.0001) and HGF (p < 0.001) were significantly increased. Additionally, the cells exposed to the nPRP showed increased cell viability than those exposed to a sPRP in human dermal fibroblasts (p < 0.001) and primary chondrocytes (p < 0.01). In conclusion, this novel absorption-based method produces a PRP with novel characteristics compared to the standard PRPs, with promising in vitro results that could potentially trigger improved tissue regeneration capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Mercader Ruiz
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.M.R.); (P.S.); (M.J.A.); (L.L.d.D.)
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maider Beitia
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Diego Delgado
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Pello Sánchez
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.M.R.); (P.S.); (M.J.A.); (L.L.d.D.)
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.B.); (D.D.)
| | - María Jesús Arnaiz
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.M.R.); (P.S.); (M.J.A.); (L.L.d.D.)
| | - Leonor López de Dicastillo
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.M.R.); (P.S.); (M.J.A.); (L.L.d.D.)
| | - Fernando Benito-Lopez
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC) Group, Analytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Lourdes Basabe-Desmonts
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Basque Foundation of Science, IKERBASQUE, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mikel Sánchez
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.M.R.); (P.S.); (M.J.A.); (L.L.d.D.)
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.B.); (D.D.)
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19
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Chen W, Han C, Liu Y, Feng K, Zhuang S. Experimental Investigation of Cumulative Damage and Self-Healing Properties of Smart Cementitious Composite under Continuous Compression Load. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6090. [PMID: 37763368 PMCID: PMC10532445 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of sustained loading on the cumulative damage of a newly developed smart cement-based self-healing composite material (SMA-ECC). SMA-ECC is composed of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) and shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers. A uniaxial compressive test with five predefined loading levels (0%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% of compressive strength) was conducted on SMA-ECC hollow-cylindrical specimens and ECC control hollow-cylindrical specimens. The cumulative damage was mainly determined by changes in the total water absorption of different groups of specimens during three different periods (not loaded, at a predefined loading level, and after unloading). A normalized water content index was proposed to couple the effects of self-healing, sustained loading, and cumulative damage. The test results indicate that the cumulative water absorption of SMA-ECC was 35% lower than that of ECC, which may indicate less irreparable damage. In addition, the self-healing ability of SMA-ECC specimens under different compression load levels was evaluated through normalized water content analysis. SMA-ECC exhibited a 100% repair rate at load levels of 30% and 40%. At a higher load level of 60%, the repair rate of SMA-ECC was 76%. These results collectively emphasize the significant impermeability and self-healing performance of SMA-ECC after unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; (W.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chunhui Han
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; (W.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; (W.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kai Feng
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; (W.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shusen Zhuang
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang 362251, China
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20
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Muradyan NG, Arzumanyan AA, Kalantaryan MA, Vardanyan YV, Yeranosyan M, Ulewicz M, Laroze D, Barseghyan MG. The Use of Biosilica to Increase the Compressive Strength of Cement Mortar: The Effect of the Mixing Method. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5516. [PMID: 37629807 PMCID: PMC10456586 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the effect of biosilica concentration and two different mixing methods with Portland cement on the compressive strength of cement-based mortars were investigated. The following values of the biosilica concentration of cement weight were investigated։ 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt.%. The mortar was prepared using the following two biosilica mixing methods: First, biosilica was mixed with cement and appropriate samples were prepared. For the other mixing method, samples were prepared by dissolving biosilica in water using a magnetic stirrer. Compressive tests were carried out on an automatic compression machine with a loading rate of 2.4 kN/s at the age of 7 and 28 days. It is shown that, for all cases, the compressive strength has the maximum value of 10% biosilica concentration. In particular, in the case of the first mixing method, the compressive strength of the specimen over 7 days of curing increased by 30.5%, and by 36.5% for a curing period of 28 days. In the case of the second mixing method, the compressive strength of the specimen over 7 days of curing increased by 23.4%, and by 47.3% for a curing period of 28 days. Additionally, using the first and second mixing methods, the water absorption parameters were reduced by 22% and 34%, respectively. Finally, it is worth noting that the obtained results were intend to provide valuable insights into optimizing biosilica incorporation in cement mortar. With the aim of contributing to the advancement of construction materials, this research delves into the intriguing application of biosilica in cement mortar, emphasizing the significant impact of mixing techniques on the resultant compressive strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli G. Muradyan
- Faculty of Construction, National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia, 105 Teryan Street, Yerevan 0009, Armenia
| | - Avetik A. Arzumanyan
- Faculty of Construction, National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia, 105 Teryan Street, Yerevan 0009, Armenia
| | - Marine A. Kalantaryan
- Faculty of Construction, National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia, 105 Teryan Street, Yerevan 0009, Armenia
| | - Yeghiazar V. Vardanyan
- Faculty of Construction, National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia, 105 Teryan Street, Yerevan 0009, Armenia
| | - Mkrtich Yeranosyan
- Innovation Center for Nanoscience and Technologies, A.B. Nalbandyan Institute of Chemical Physics NAS RA, 5/2 P. Sevak Street, Yerevan 0014, Armenia;
| | - Malgorzata Ulewicz
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Dabrowskiego 69 Street, PL 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - David Laroze
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7D, Arica 1000000, Chile;
| | - Manuk G. Barseghyan
- Faculty of Construction, National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia, 105 Teryan Street, Yerevan 0009, Armenia
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21
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Cherkashina NI, Pavlenko ZV, Pushkarskaya DV, Denisova LV, Domarev SN, Ryzhikh DA. Synthesis and Properties of Polystyrene Composite Material with Hazelnut Shells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3212. [PMID: 37571106 PMCID: PMC10422431 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we evaluated the potential use of hazelnut shell powder in the production of a composite material. Polystyrene was used as a polymer matrix. This work presents the results of modifying hazelnut powder particles to create a polystyrene shell on their surfaces. Modification of the filler increased its contact angle wetted with water from θ=60.16±1.03° to θ=87.02±1.10°. Composite materials containing from 10 to 50 wt.% of modified hazelnut shell powder were prepared and studied. As a result of the experiments, it was found that the composites have optimal physical, mechanical, and operational properties at the following ratio: polystyrene 60-80 wt.%, modified hazelnut shell powder 20-40 wt.%. If the introduction of polystyrene was more than 90 wt.%, the flexural strength and Vickers hardness were quite low at the load of 200 g, and accordingly, the durability of such materials was not satisfactory. These samples are characterized by small percentages of hazelnut shells; therefore, the resulting material will be of pale, unsaturated color. The upper limit of the working temperature range for the composite lies between 265.0-376.0 °C, depending on the percentage of the hazelnut shell powder filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Igorevna Cherkashina
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Chemistry, Belgorod State Technological University Named after V.G. Shukhov, 308012 Belgorod, Russia; (Z.V.P.); (D.V.P.); (L.V.D.); (S.N.D.); (D.A.R.)
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22
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Romano-Matos V, Tundidor-Camba A, Vera S, Videla AR. Improvement of Plasterboard Properties by the Control of Polymethylhydrosiloxane Dosage, Stirring Time, and Drying Temperature Applied to the Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate and Water Mixture. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5084. [PMID: 37512358 PMCID: PMC10384846 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Plasterboard is an important building material in the construction industry because it allows for quick installation of walls, partitions, and ceilings. Although a common material, knowledge about its performance related to modern polymers and fabrication conditions is still lacking. The present work analyzes how some manufacturing factors applied during the plaster board fabrication impact on some plasterboard properties, including water absorption, flexural strength, and thermal conductivity. The manufacturing variables evaluated are the dose (D) of polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS), the agitation time of the mixture (H), and the drying temperature of the plaster boards after setting (T). The results suggest that factors D, H, and T induce changes in the porosity and the morphological structure of the calcium sulfate dihydrate crystals formed. Performance is evaluated at two levels of each factor following a statistical method of factorial experimental design centered on a cube. Morphological changes in the crystals of the resulting boards were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the IMAGEJ image analysis program. Porosity changes were evaluated with X-ray microcomputed tomography (XMT) and 3D image analysis tools. The length-to-width ratio of the crystals decreases as it goes from low PMHS dosage to high dosage, favoring a better compaction of the plasterboard under the right stirring time and drying temperature. In contrast, the porosity generated by the incorporation of PMHS increases when going from low-level to high-level conditions and affects the maximum size of the pores being generated, with a maximum value achieved at 0.6% dosage, 40 s, and 140 °C conditions. The presence of an optimal PMHS dosage value that is approximately 0.6-1.0% is evidenced. In fact, when comparing trails without and with PMHS addition, a 10% decrease in thermal conductivity is achieved at high H (60 s) and high T (150 °C) level conditions. Water absorption decreases by more than 90% when PMHS is added, mainly due to the hydrophobic action of the PMHS. Minimum water absorption levels can be obtained at high drying temperatures. Finally, the resistance to flexion is not affected by the addition of PMHS because apparently there are two opposing forces acting: on one hand is the decrease in the length-width ratio giving more compactness, and on the other hand is the generation of pores. The maximum resistance to flexion was found around a dosage of 0.6% PMHS. In conclusion, the results suggest that the addition of PMHS, the correct agitation time of the mixture, and the drying temperature reduce the water absorption and the thermal conductivity of the gypsum boards, with no significant changes in the flexural resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Romano-Matos
- Departamento de Minería, Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Alain Tundidor-Camba
- Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Research Laboratory for Organic Polymers (RLOP), Department of Organic Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Sergio Vera
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Gestión de la Construcción, Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Center for Sustainable Urban Development CEDEUS, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Alvaro R Videla
- Departamento de Minería, Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Centro de Energía UC, Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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23
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Wang A, Yin P, Liu X, Xian G. Hydrothermal Effect on Ramie-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Plates: Water Uptake and Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3066. [PMID: 37514456 PMCID: PMC10385658 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ramie-fiber-reinforced polymer composites (RFRP) have the advantages of low price and low energy consumption, but they have high hydrophilicity due to their special chemical composition. In order to study the effect of water absorption on the performance degradation of RFRP in a hydrothermal environment, the authors prepared RFRP sheets by compression molding. Manufactured composites were exposed to a hydrothermal environment with a temperature of 40 °C and a humidity of 50% RH, 85% RH and 98% RH to study the water absorption and diffusion, mechanical properties (tensile properties, flexural properties and shear properties) of the RFRP, and their mechanical properties after drying. The research shows that the equilibrium moisture absorption rate of RFRP is mainly affected by the ambient humidity. The moisture absorption and diffusion of ramie-fiber-reinforced polymer composites (RFRP) in a hydrothermal environment conform to Fick's law. Before reaching the moisture absorption equilibrium (1~2 weeks), the mechanical properties decline rapidly, and then tend to be flat, and the mechanical properties of the RFRP decrease significantly with the increase in humidity; the water molecules reduce the interfacial bonding performance and the modulus degradation degree of RFRP in the hydrothermal environment is greater than that of strength. After the samples were completely dried, the mechanical properties of the RFRP rebounded greatly, but less than the initial value, and the hydrothermal environment produced irreversible changes to the substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Wang
- Research Institute of Urbanization and Urban Safety, School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Research Institute of Urbanization and Urban Safety, School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guijun Xian
- Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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24
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Tawfek AM, Ge Z, Li J, Zhang K, Jiang N, Shao Y, Ling Y, Šavija B. Influence of Fiber Orientation on the Water and Ions Transportation of Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC). Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4877. [PMID: 37445191 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
An engineered cementitious composite (ECC) belongs to a type of high-performance fiber-reinforced materials. Fiber alignment causes the anisotropy of such materials. Herein, the influence of the fiber orientation on water and ion penetration into an ECC was studied. Fiber alignment was achieved using an extrusion approach. Water absorption, sorptivity, chloride penetration resistance, sulfate attack resistance, and freezing-thawing resistance of specimens with fiber aligned horizontally (AH), vertically (AV), and randomly (R), corresponding to the direction of the exposure surface that was studied. The results showed that fibers oriented perpendicular to the water path delayed water migration into the ECC matrix. The sorptivity was significantly affected by the fiber direction. The sorptivity of the AH specimens was 35% and 13% lower than that of the AV and R specimens, respectively. After 180 days of exposure, the chloride penetration depth of the AH specimens was 5.7 mm, which is 13.6% and 20.8% lower than that of the AV and R specimens, respectively. The sulfate ingress profile indicates that the fiber-matrix interface oriented perpendicular to the penetration path can effectively delay sulfate migration. The fiber orientation also influences the compressive strength gain under immersion conditions (Na2SO4 solution, Na2SO4 + NaCl solution, and water). Compared with the AH and R specimens, the AV specimens are more sensitive to the immersion condition. In contrast, the fiber orientation has no significant effect on ECC specimens under freeze-thaw cycles. These findings indicate that controlling the fiber alignment and orientation in an ECC can improve its durability under certain exposure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Tawfek
- School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sana'a University, Sanaa 12544, Yemen
| | - Zhi Ge
- School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Jian Li
- Shandong Hi-Speed Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250098, China
| | - Kangkang Zhang
- China Construction Industrial & Energy Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Nengdong Jiang
- School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Yingxuan Shao
- School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Yifeng Ling
- School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Branko Šavija
- Microlab, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
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25
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Ding Y, She A, Yao W. Investigation of Water Absorption Behavior of Recycled Aggregates and its Effect on Concrete Strength. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4505. [PMID: 37444819 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The water-cement ratio (w/c) has a significant effect on the strength of recycled concrete. In this study, considering the effects of water/cement ratio, strength, and water content of recycled aggregates, two kinds of pulse sequences of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) were applied to investigate the water migration behavior between simulated recycled aggregates (SRA) and water or fresh mortar. Three sets of concrete strength tests were designed and the results were used to verify the findings of LF-NMR imaging tests. The results showed that the depth of water migration in the SRA increases with time: at first the change rate is rapid, then slows down, and eventually tends to remain stable. When the SRA is in contact with fresh mortar with low w/c, no water migration occurs because the hydration of the cement in the mixture consumes a large amount of water, resulting in the inability of water to migrate into the SRA through capillary pressure. For the recycled aggregate concrete with high strength, the addition of extra water will increase the effective w/c and reduce the compressive strength of the concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Anming She
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Wu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
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26
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Shelenkov PG, Pantyukhov PV, Poletto M, Popov AA. Influence of Vinyl Acetate Content and Melt Flow Index of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer on Physico-Mechanical and Physico-Chemical Properties of Highly Filled Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2639. [PMID: 37376288 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly filled biocomposites may be used as biodegradable masterbatches that manufacturers add to traditional polymers for making plastic goods more biodegradable. Biocomposites based on various trademarks of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and natural vegetable fillers (wood flour and microcrystalline cellulose) were studied. The EVA trademarks differed both in terms of the melt flow index and in the content of vinyl acetate groups. The composites were created as superconcentrates (or masterbatches) for the production of biodegradable materials based on vegetable fillers with polyolefin matrices. The filler content in biocomposites was 50, 60, 70 wt.%. The influence of the content of vinyl acetate in the copolymer and its melt flow index on the physico-mechanical and rheological properties of highly filled biocomposites was evaluated. As a result, one EVA trademark with high molecular weight that has a high content of VA was chosen because of its optimal parameters for creating highly filled composites with natural fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel G Shelenkov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Petr V Pantyukhov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Moscow 119334, Russia
- Scientific laboratory "Advanced Composite Materials and Technologies", Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Matheus Poletto
- Postgraduate Program in Engineering of Processes and Technologies (PGEPROTEC), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Anatoly A Popov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Moscow 119334, Russia
- Scientific laboratory "Advanced Composite Materials and Technologies", Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow 117997, Russia
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27
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Liu X, Su Q, Zhu J, Song X. The Aging Behavior and Life Prediction of CFRP Rods under a Hygrothermal Environment. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112490. [PMID: 37299289 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have been widely used in civil engineering structures due to their excellent mechanical and durability properties. The harsh service environment of civil engineering leads to significant degradation of the thermal and mechanical performances of CFRP, which then reduces its service reliability, service safety, and life. Research on the durability of CFRP is urgently needed to understand the long-term performance degradation mechanism. In the present study, the hygrothermal aging behavior of CFRP rods was investigated experimentally through immersion in distilled water for 360 days. The water absorption and diffusion behavior, the evolution rules of short beam shear strength (SBSS), and dynamic thermal mechanical properties were obtained to investigate the hygrothermal resistance of CFRP rods. The research results show that the water absorption behavior conforms to Fick's model. The ingression of water molecules leads to a significant decrease in SBSS and glass transition temperature (Tg). This is attributed to the plasticization effect of the resin matrix and interfacial debonding. Furthermore, the Arrhenius equation was used to predict the long-term life of SBSS in the actual service environment based on the time-temperature equivalence theory, obtaining a stable strength retention of SBSS of 72.78%, which was meaningful to provide a design guideline for the long-term durability of CFRP rods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- School of Energy and Built Environment, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qingyong Su
- School of Energy and Built Environment, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xiaopeng Song
- School of Energy and Built Environment, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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28
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Barreira-Pinto R, Carneiro R, Miranda M, Guedes RM. Polymer-Matrix Composites: Characterising the Impact of Environmental Factors on Their Lifetime. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16113913. [PMID: 37297046 DOI: 10.3390/ma16113913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-matrix composites are widely used in engineering applications. Yet, environmental factors impact their macroscale fatigue and creep performances significantly, owing to several mechanisms acting at the microstructure level. Herein, we analyse the effects of water uptake that are responsible for swelling and, over time and in enough quantity, for hydrolysis. Seawater, due to a combination of high salinity and pressures, low temperature and biotic media present, also contributes to the acceleration of fatigue and creep damage. Similarly, other liquid corrosive agents penetrate into cracks induced by cyclic loading and cause dissolution of the resin and breakage of interfacial bonds. UV radiation either increases the crosslinking density or scissions chains, embrittling the surface layer of a given matrix. Temperature cycles close to the glass transition damage the fibre-matrix interface, promoting microcracking and hindering fatigue and creep performance. The microbial and enzymatic degradation of biopolymers is also studied, with the former responsible for metabolising specific matrices and changing their microstructure and/or chemical composition. The impact of these environmental factors is detailed for epoxy, vinyl ester and polyester (thermoset); polypropylene, polyamide and poly etheretherketone (thermoplastic); and for poly lactic acid, thermoplastic starch and polyhydroxyalkanoates (biopolymers). Overall, the environmental factors mentioned hamper the fatigue and creep performances, altering the mechanical properties of the composite or causing stress concentrations through microcracks, promoting earlier failure. Future studies should focus on other matrices beyond epoxy as well as on the development of standardised testing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Barreira-Pinto
- Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Carneiro
- Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Miranda
- Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Miranda Guedes
- Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- INEGI-Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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29
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Liu X, Wang B, Su Q, Zuo Q, Song X. The Long-Term Interfacial Evolution and Prediction of Carbon- and Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Rods under a Hygrothermal Environment. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102278. [PMID: 37242853 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to promote the engineering applications of carbon- and glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy hybrid rods, it is necessary to fully understand its long-term hygrothermal durability. In the present study, the water absorption behaviors of a hybrid rod in a water immersion environment are studied experimentally, the degradation rules of the mechanical properties are obtained, and establishing a life prediction model is attempted. The water absorption of the hybrid rod confirms to the classical Fick's diffusion model, and the water absorption concentration is determined by radial position, immersion temperature, and immersion time. In addition, the radial position of water molecules diffused into the rod is positively correlated with the diffusion concentration. The short-beam shear strength of the hybrid rod decreased significantly after 360 days of exposure; this is because water molecules interact with the polymer through hydrogen bonds to produce bound water during the immersion process, leading to resin matrix hydrolysis and plasticization, as well as interfacial debonding. In addition, the ingression of water molecules caused degradation in the viscoelastic behavior of the resin matrix in hybrid rods. The glass transition temperature of hybrid rods decreased by 17.4% after exposure at 80 °C for 360 days. The Arrhenius equation was used calculate the long-term life of short-beam shear strength in the actual service temperature based on the time-temperature equivalence theory. The stable strength retention for SBSS was found to be 69.38%, which is a useful durability design parameter for hybrid rods in civil engineering structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- School of Energy and Built Environment, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Binwu Wang
- School of Energy and Built Environment, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qingyong Su
- School of Energy and Built Environment, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qingfu Zuo
- School of Energy and Built Environment, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiaopeng Song
- School of Energy and Built Environment, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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Zhao B, Han X, Hu C, Qian X, Duo Y, Wang Z, Feng Q, Yang Q, Han D. Hydrophilic Modification of Polyester/Polyamide 6 Hollow Segmented Pie Microfiber Nonwovens by UV/TiO 2/H 2O 2. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093826. [PMID: 37175236 PMCID: PMC10180158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyester/polyamide 6 hollow segmented pie bicomponent spunbond hydro-entangled microfiber nonwovens (PET/PA6) with a microfilament structure have recently emerged in many markets around the world due to their green, high-strength, and lightweight properties. However, PET/PA6 is highly hydrophobic, which inhibits its large-scale application at present. In order to enhance the hydrophilic performance of PET/PA6, many methods have been applied, but the effects are not obvious. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation treatment has proven to be an effective method to improve the hydrophilicity of fabrics. Herein, the aim of this paper was to investigate hydrophilic modification of PET/PA6 by UV/TiO2/H2O2. The effect of H2O2, nano-TiO2, and UV irradiation time on the morphology, elemental composition, hydrophilic properties, and mechanical properties of PET/PA6 were systematically investigated. The results showed that the modified microfibers were coated with a layer of granular material on the surface. It was found that the C 1s peak could be deconvoluted into six components (C-C-C, C-C-O, O-C=O, N-C=O, N-C-C, and C-C=O), and a suitable mechanism was proposed. Moreover, the water contact angle of PET/PA6 modified by 90 min irradiation with UV/TiO2/H2O2 decreased to zero in 0.015 s, leading to the water vapor transmission rate and the water absorption reaching 5567.49 g/(m2·24 h) and 438.81%, respectively. In addition, the modified PET/PA6 had an excellent liquid wicking height of 141.87 mm and liquid wicking rate of 28.37 mm/min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobao Zhao
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Advanced Fiber Materials Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Advanced Fiber Materials Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Chenggong Hu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xiaoming Qian
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yongchao Duo
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Advanced Fiber Materials Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Quan Feng
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Advanced Fiber Materials Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Quan Yang
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Dongxu Han
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
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Li S, Jiang T, Zeng X, Zhu N, Shen C, Gong W, Zhang C, He L. The Effect of α-Olefin-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer on the Rheological and Crystalline Properties and Microcellular Foaming Behavior of Polyamide 6. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092056. [PMID: 37177202 PMCID: PMC10180843 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The α-olefin-maleic anhydride copolymer DIA as a chain extender was used to modify polyamide 6 (PA6) during melt blending. The ability to modulate this modification for PA6 has been shown to be dependent on the effects of its content on the molecular weight distribution, rheological properties, crystalline properties, mechanical properties, and foaming behavior of foam samples. By increasing the DIA content, the viscoelasticity, water contact angle, and elongation at break improved as a result of a significant decrease in water absorption and melt flow rate. Compared with raw PA6, the modified PA6 presented a relatively wider molecular weight distribution. However, the crystallinity of modified PA6 samples decreased, the double melting peaks became one peak, and the α crystallites at 20.3° gradually disappeared with increasing DIA content. The morphologies of composite foams with different contents were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the cell size of different PA6 samples decreased from 160 μm to 83 μm and the cell density increased from 1.1 × 105 cells/cm3 to 5.9 × 105 cells/cm3 when the content of DIA increased from 0 wt% to 5 wt%. Meanwhile, the cell morphology obviously improved and the cell size distribution became narrow. Thus, a preparation technology based on foaming materials with excellent performance, such as better bubble quality and low water absorption, was developed for further research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang 550016, China
| | - Tuanhui Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang 550016, China
| | - Xiangbu Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang 550016, China
| | - Nenggui Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang 550016, China
| | - Chao Shen
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang 550016, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Institute of Materials and Construction, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li He
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang 550016, China
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Little A, Pasparakis C, Stieglitz J, Grosell M. Metabolic cost of osmoregulation by the gastro-intestinal tract in marine teleost fish. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1163153. [PMID: 37179841 PMCID: PMC10169748 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1163153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although dozens of studies have attempted to determine the metabolic cost of osmoregulation, mainly by comparing standard metabolic rates (SMR) in fish acclimated to different salinities, consensus is still lacking. Methods: In the present study, using the Gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta, we aimed to determine the metabolic cost of esophageal and intestinal osmoregulatory processes by estimating ATP consumption from known ion transport rates and pathways and comparing these estimates with measurements on isolated tissues. Further, we performed whole animal respirometry on fish acclimated to 9, 34 and 60 ppt. Results and Discussion: Our theoretical estimates of esophageal and intestinal osmoregulatory costs were in close agreement with direct measurements on isolated tissues and suggest that osmoregulation by these tissues amounts to ∼2.5% of SMR. This value agrees well with an earlier attempt to estimate osmoregulation cost from ion transport rates and combined with published measurements of gill osmoregulatory costs suggests that whole animal costs of osmoregulation in marine teleosts is ∼7.5% of SMR. As in many previous studies, our whole animal measurements were variable between fish and did not seem suited to determine osmoregulatory costs. While the esophagus showed constant metabolic rate regardless of acclimation salinity, the intestine of fish acclimated to higher salinities showed elevated metabolic rates. The esophagus and the intestine had 2.1 and 3.2-fold higher metabolic rates than corresponding whole animal mass specific rates, respectively. The intestinal tissue displays at least four different Cl- uptake pathways of which the Na+:Cl-:2 K+ (NKCC) pathway accounts for 95% of the Cl- uptake and is the most energy efficient. The remaining pathways are via apical anion exchange and seem to primarily serve luminal alkalinization and the formation of intestinal CaCO3 which is essential for water absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Little
- University of Miami’s Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - C. Pasparakis
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, Bodega Bay, CA, United States
| | - J. Stieglitz
- University of Miami’s Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, Miami, FL, United States
| | - M. Grosell
- University of Miami’s Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, Miami, FL, United States
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Augaitis N, Šeputytė-Jucikė J, Członka S, Kremensas A, Kairytė A, Vėjelis S, Balčiūnas G, Vaitkus S. Performance Analysis of Loose-Fill Thermal Insulation from Wood Scobs Coated with Liquid Glass, Tung Oil, and Expandable Graphite Mixture. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16093326. [PMID: 37176206 PMCID: PMC10179529 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study presents the results of monitoring the behavior of loose-fill thermal insulating material for buildings made of wood scobs (WS), which were coated with one, two, and three component-based coatings from liquid glass (LG), tung oil (TO), and expandable graphite (EG). The thermal conductivity of samples in the dry state and under normal laboratory conditions, short-term water absorption by partial immersion, surface wettability, and water vapor permeability were evaluated, and regression equations describing the variations in numerical values of specified properties under different amounts of each coating component were presented. It was shown that LG and TO act as hydrophobic layers that, in conjunction, reduce water absorption by a maximum of 274%, have a contact angle equal to 86°, and lower thermal conductivity by 55% in the dry state due to the specifics of the layer formed on the surface of WS. The addition of EG to LG coating resulted in insignificantly changed water absorption and thermal conductivity values, indicating the potential of this material to be used to improve the fire resistance of wood-based composites in the future. The results showed that the three-component layer of LG/TO/EG reduces water absorption by a maximum of 72%, increases thermal conductivity in the dry state by a minimum of 0.4%, and increases the contact angle to 81° at 100 wt.% LG. The changes in water vapor permeability of all compositions were determined to be insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerijus Augaitis
- Laboratory of Thermal Insulating Materials and Acoustics, Institute of Building Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenų st. 28, LT-08217 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jurga Šeputytė-Jucikė
- Laboratory of Thermal Insulating Materials and Acoustics, Institute of Building Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenų st. 28, LT-08217 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sylwia Członka
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Arūnas Kremensas
- Laboratory of Thermal Insulating Materials and Acoustics, Institute of Building Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenų st. 28, LT-08217 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agnė Kairytė
- Laboratory of Thermal Insulating Materials and Acoustics, Institute of Building Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenų st. 28, LT-08217 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sigitas Vėjelis
- Laboratory of Thermal Insulating Materials and Acoustics, Institute of Building Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenų st. 28, LT-08217 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Giedrius Balčiūnas
- Laboratory of Thermal Insulating Materials and Acoustics, Institute of Building Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenų st. 28, LT-08217 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Vaitkus
- Laboratory of Thermal Insulating Materials and Acoustics, Institute of Building Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenų st. 28, LT-08217 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Meghar K, Tran T, Delgado LF, Ospina MA, Moreno JL, Luna J, Londoño L, Dufour D, Davrieux F. Hyperspectral imaging for the determination of relevant cooking quality traits of boiled cassava. J Sci Food Agric 2023. [PMID: 37086039 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) for the characterization of cooking quality parameters, dry matter content (DMC), water absorption (WAB) and texture in cassava genotypes contrasting for their cooking quality. RESULTS Hyperspectral images were acquired on cooked and fresh intact longitudinal and transversal slices from 31 cassava genotypes harvested in March 2022 in Colombia. Different chemometric methods were tested for the quantification of DMC, WAB and texture parameters. Data analysis was conducted through Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR), K Nearest Neighbors Regression (KNNR), Support Vector Machine Regression (SVM) and CovSel Multiple Linear regression (CovSel_MLR). Efficient performances were obtained for DMC using CovSel_MLR with, R2 p = 0.94, RMSEP = 0.96 g/100g and RPD = 3.60. High heterogeneity was observed between contrasting genotypes. The predicted distribution of DMC within the root can be homogeneous or heterogeneous depending on the genotype. Weak predictions were obtained for WAB and texture parameters. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that HSI could be used as a high throughput phenotyping tool for the visualization of DMC in contrasting cooking quality genotypes. Further improvement of protocols and larger datasets are required for WAB and texture quality traits. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Meghar
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- QualiSud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Tran
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR QualiSud, 763537, Cali, Colombia
- QualiSud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
- Alliance of Bioversity-International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cassava Program, Cali, Colombia
| | - Luis Fernando Delgado
- Alliance of Bioversity-International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cassava Program, Cali, Colombia
| | - Maria Alejandra Ospina
- Alliance of Bioversity-International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cassava Program, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jhon Larry Moreno
- Alliance of Bioversity-International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cassava Program, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jorge Luna
- Alliance of Bioversity-International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cassava Program, Cali, Colombia
| | - Luis Londoño
- Alliance of Bioversity-International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cassava Program, Cali, Colombia
| | - Dominique Dufour
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- QualiSud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Davrieux
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR QualiSud, F-97410, Saint-Pierre, Réunion, France
- QualiSud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
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Suzuki S, Inoue K, Tamai I, Shirasaka Y. Quantitative Analysis of Gastrointestinal Water Dynamics by Means of a Physiologically Based Fluid Kinetic Model. AAPS J 2023; 25:42. [PMID: 37081157 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the processes of dissolution and membrane permeation are affected by the water content in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the water dynamics in the GI tract is expected to have a significant impact on the absorption of orally administered drugs. Here, we aimed to develop a physiologically based fluid kinetic (PBFK) model using GI water kinetic parameters obtained from in situ closed-loop studies in rats in order to quantitatively predict GI water dynamics. By incorporating the experimentally measured site-specific parameters of GI water absorption and secretion into a GI compartment model, we developed a bottom-up PBFK model that successfully simulates the reported GI fluid dynamics in rats and humans observed using positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. The simulations indicate that the water volume in both the stomach and duodenum is transiently increased by water ingestion, while that in the intestine below the jejunum is unchanged and remains in a steady state in both rats and humans. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis of the effect of ingested water volume on the volume-time profiles of water in the GI tract indicated that the impact of ingested water is limited to the proximal part of the GI tract. Simulations indicated that changes in water kinetic parameters may alter the impact of the ingested water on GI fluid dynamics, especially in the proximal part. Incorporating this PBFK model into a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) absorption model has the potential to predict oral drug absorption in a variety of GI water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Inoue
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ikumi Tamai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Shirasaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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Ingle DN, Perez E, Porter ME, Marshall CD. Feeding without teeth: the material properties of rhamphothecae from two species of durophagous sea turtles. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:221424. [PMID: 37090964 PMCID: PMC10113817 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The feeding apparatus of sea turtles comprises cornified keratinous rhamphothecae overlaying a bony rostrum. Although keratin is less stiff than the enamel of toothed animals, certain species of sea turtles are capable of withstanding large forces when feeding on hard prey. We aimed to quantify the mineral density, water content and compressive mechanical properties of rhamphothecae from two durophagous species: loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) sea turtles. Since loggerheads theoretically produce the greater bite forces of these two species, we predicted that keratin from their rhamphothecae would have a greater mineral density and be stiffer, stronger and tougher compared with Kemp's ridley sea turtles. We found that total water weight of hydrated specimens (20%) was consistent between species. Rhamphotheca mineral density ranged between 0 and 0.069 g cm-3; loggerheads had significantly greater mineral density compared with Kemp's ridleys, for which several specimens had no mineral detected. Despite the greater mineral density in loggerheads, we found no significant difference in Young's modulus, yield strength or toughness between these species. In addition to mineral density, our findings suggest that other material components, such as sulfur, may be influencing the material properties of keratin from sea turtle rhamphothecae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N. Ingle
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77554, USA
- Gulf Center for Sea Turtle Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Eliza Perez
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77554, USA
| | - Marianne E. Porter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Christopher D. Marshall
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77554, USA
- Gulf Center for Sea Turtle Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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37
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Xiong XR, Wang JY, She AM, Lin JM. Characterization of Pore Size Distribution and Water Transport of UHPC Using Low-Field NMR and MIP. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2781. [PMID: 37049076 PMCID: PMC10096028 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Water transport is vital for the durability of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) in engineering, but its absorption behavior requires further comprehension. This study investigates the impact of silica fume (SF) and metakaolin (MK) on water absorption in UHPC matrix with a high volume of limestone powder (LS) under two curing temperatures, and the variation in water transport with pore size obtained by low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR). Relations between cumulative water absorption with other properties were discussed, and the pore size distribution (PSD) measured by Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) was compared with that determined by LF-NMR. Results showed that MK outperformed SF in reducing water absorption in UHPC matrix, containing 30% LS under steam curing due to the synergistic effect between MK and LS. The incorporation of LS greatly affected the water absorption process of UHPC matrix. In samples without LS, capillary and gel pores absorbed water rapidly within the first 6 h and slowly from 6 h to 48 h simultaneously. However, in samples with 30% LS, gel pore water decreased during water absorption process due to the coarsening of gel pores. MK was able to suppress gel pore deterioration caused by the addition of a large amount of LS. Compared with PSD measured by MIP, NMR performed better in detecting micropores (<10 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Rui Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Jun-Yan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - An-Ming She
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Jian-Mao Lin
- Fujian Expressway Science and Technology Innovation Research Institute Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 350001, China
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Dahal RK, Acharya B, Dutta A. The Interaction Effect of the Design Parameters on the Water Absorption of the Hemp-Reinforced Biocarbon-Filled Bio-Epoxy Composites. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076093. [PMID: 37047064 PMCID: PMC10094122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural fiber-reinforced composites perform poorly when exposed to moisture. Biocarbon has been proven to improve the water-absorbing behavior of natural fiber composites. However, the interaction effect of the design parameters on the biocarbon-filled hemp fiber-reinforced bio-epoxy composites has not been studied. In this study, the effects of the design parameters (pyrolysis temperature, biocarbon particle size, and filler loading) on the water absorptivity and water diffusivity of hemp-reinforced biopolymer composites have been investigated. Biocarbon from the pyrolysis of hemp and switchgrass was produced at 450, 550, and 650 °C. Composite samples with 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 20 wt.% of biocarbon fillers of sizes below 50, 75, and 100 microns were used. The hemp fiber in polymer composites showed a significant influence in its water uptake behavior with the value of water absorptivity 2.41 × 10-6 g/m2.s1/2. The incorporation of biocarbon fillers in the hemp biopolymer composites reduces the average water absorptivity by 44.17% and diffusivity by 42.02%. At the optimized conditions, the value of water absorptivity with hemp biocarbon and switchgrass biocarbon fillers was found to be 0.72 × 10-6 g/m2.s1/2 and 0.73 × 10-6 g/m2.s1/2, respectively. The biocarbon at 650 °C showed the least composite thickness swelling due to its higher porosity and lower surface area. Biocarbon-filled hemp composites showed higher flexural strength and energy at the break due to the enhanced mechanical interlocking between the filler particles and the matrix materials. Smaller filler particle size lowered the composite's water diffusivity, whereas the larger particle size of the biocarbon fillers in composites minimizes the water absorption. Additionally, higher filler loading results in weaker composite tensile energy at the break due to the filler agglomeration, reduced polymer-filler interactions, reduced polymer chain mobility, and inadequate dispersion of the filler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Dahal
- Bio-Renewable Innovation Lab, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bishnu Acharya
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Animesh Dutta
- Bio-Renewable Innovation Lab, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Miura D, Ishida Y, Shinya A. The Effects of Different Molding Orientations, Highly Accelerated Aging, and Water Absorption on the Flexural Strength of Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) Fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071602. [PMID: 37050216 PMCID: PMC10096610 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rising prices are currently a problem in the world. In particular, the abnormal increases in the price of metals, which are often used in dental prosthetics, have increased the burden of dental costs on the public. There is therefore an urgent need to develop prosthetic devices made from materials that are not affected by the global situation and that have excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties comparable to those of metals. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a promising alternative to metal in dentistry. This study compared the effects of different molding orientations, highly accelerated aging, and water absorption on the flexural strength of PEEK fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM) and examined its potential for dental applications. The flexural strength of PEEK stacked at 0° to the molding stage (0° PF), with and without highly accelerated aging, was significantly greater than for the other molding orientations. As with PD, the maximum test load for 0° PF was measured without fracture. PEEK stacked at 45° (45° PF) and 90° (90° PF) to the molding stage easily fractured, as the applied load pulled the stacked layers. No statistically significant difference was found between the flexural strength of 45° PF and 90° PF. The flexural strength decreased under all conditions due to defects in the crystal structure of PEEK caused by highly accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Miura
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ishida
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan
| | - Akikazu Shinya
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan
- Turku Biomaterials Research Program, Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry and BioCity, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
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40
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Dong L, Meng F, Feng P, Ran Q, Pan C, He J. Effects of an Amphiphilic Micelle of Diblock Copolymer on Water Adsorption of Cement Paste. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2190. [PMID: 36984075 PMCID: PMC10056578 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the inhibiting effects of polystyrene-based emulsion on the hydration process and strength development of cementitious materials, an amphiphilic diblock copolymer polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) was synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and demonstrated in cement paste system for improving the resistance to water absorption without significantly reducing 28-day compressive strength. Firstly, the dissolved PS-b-PAA was added into water, and it quickly self-assembled into amphiphilic 80 nm-sized micelles with hydrophobic polystyrene-based core and hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid)-based shell. The improved dispersion compared to that of polystyrene emulsion may minimize the inhibiting effects on strength development, as the effects of PS-b-PAA micelle as hydrophobic admixtures on rheological properties, compressive strength, water absorption, hydration process, and pore structure of 28-day cement pastes were subsequently investigated. In comparison with the control sample, the saturated water absorption amount of cement pastes with 0.4% PS-b-PAA was reduced by 20%, and the 28-day compressive strength was merely reduced by 2.5%. Besides, the significantly increased hydrophobicity instead of slightly decreased porosity of cement paste with PS-b-PAA may contribute more to the reduced water adsorption characteristics. The study based on prepared PS-b-PAA micelle suggested a promising alternative strategy for fabricating polystyrene-modified concrete with reduced water absorption and unaffected compressive strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Fei Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Pan Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qianping Ran
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Civil Engineering Materials, Jiangsu Sobute New Materials Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211103, China
| | - Chonggen Pan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Ningbo Tech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jianming He
- Ningbo Construction Guangtian Component Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315100, China
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Li C, Mo Y, Wang N, Xing L, Qu Y, Chen Y, Yuan Z, Ali A, Qi J, Fernández V, Wang Y, Kopittke PM. The overlooked functions of trichomes: Water absorption and metal detoxication. Plant Cell Environ 2023; 46:669-687. [PMID: 36581782 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are epidermal outgrowths on plant shoots. Their roles in protecting plants against herbivores and in the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites have long been recognized. Recently, studies are increasingly showing that trichomes also play important roles in water absorption and metal detoxication, with these roles having important implications for ecology, the environment, and agriculture. However, these two functions of trichomes have been largely overlooked and much remains unknown. In this review, we show that the trichomes of 37 plant species belonging to 14 plant families are involved in water absorption, while the trichomes of 33 species from 13 families are capable of sequestering metals within their trichomes. The ability of trichomes to absorb water results from their decreased hydrophobicity compared to the remainder of the leaf surface as well as the presence of special structures for collecting and absorbing water. In contrast, the metal detoxication function of trichomes results not only from the good connection of their basal cells to the underlying vascular tissues, but also from the presence of metal-chelating ligands and transporters within the trichomes themselves. Knowledge gaps and critical future research questions regarding these two trichome functions are highlighted. This review improves our understanding on trichomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingying Mo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nina Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Longyi Xing
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Baoji Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Yanlong Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zuoqiang Yuan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Hebei, China
| | - Jiyan Qi
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Victoria Fernández
- School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yuheng Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peter M Kopittke
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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42
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Grzmil W, Zapała-Sławeta J, Juruś J. Analysis of the Technical Condition of a Late 19th Century Public Building in Łódź. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1983. [PMID: 36903096 PMCID: PMC10004066 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heritage building structures in many situations contribute unique value to national cultural heritage. In engineering practice, monitoring of historic structures includes visual assessment. This article assesses the condition of the concrete in one of the most recognizable buildings in Łódź, the former German Reformed Gymnasium, located at Tadeusza Kościuszki Avenue. The paper reports a visual assessment of the structure and the degree of technical wear affecting selected structural components of the building. A historical analysis of the building's state of preservation, characterization of the structural system, and an assessment of the condition of the floor-slab concrete were carried out. The state of preservation of the eastern and southern facades of the building was found to be satisfactory, while on the western side (with the courtyard) the facade is in a poor state of preservation. Tests were also conducted out on concrete samples taken from individual ceilings. The concrete cores were tested for compressive strength, water absorption, density, porosity, and carbonation depth. Corrosion processes including the degree of carbonization and the phase composition of the concrete were identified by X-ray diffraction. The results are indicative of the high quality of the concrete produced more than 100 years ago.
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Esteves B, Aires P, Sen U, Gomes MDG, Guiné RPF, Domingos I, Ferreira J, Viana H, Cruz-Lopes LP. Particleboard Production from Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. Grown in Portugal. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36904399 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Paulownia wood has raised high attention due to its rapid growth and fire resistance. The number of plantations in Portugal has been growing, and new exploitation methods are needed. This study intends to determine the properties of particleboards made with very young Paulownia trees from Portuguese plantations. Single layer particleboards were produced with 3-year-old Paulownia trees using different processing parameters and different board composition in order to determine the best properties for use in dry environments. The standard particleboard was produced at 180 °C and a 36.3 kg/cm2 pressure for 6 min using 40 g of raw material with 10% urea-formaldehyde resin. Higher particle size lead to lower-density particleboards, while higher resin contents lead to higher density of the boards. Density has a major effect on board properties with higher densities improving mechanical properties such as bending strength, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bond, lower water absorption but higher thickness swelling and thermal conductivity. Particleboards meeting the requirements for dry environment according to NP EN 312 standard, could be produced with young Paulownia wood with acceptable mechanical and thermal conductivity properties with density around 0.65 g/cm3 and a thermal conductivity of 0.115 W/mK.
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44
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Olivieri F, Castaldo R, Gentile G, Lavorgna M. Monitoring Water Absorption and Desorption in Untreated and Consolidated Tuff by a Non-Invasive Graphene-Based Humidity Sensor. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1878. [PMID: 36902993 PMCID: PMC10004346 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid montmorillonite (MMT)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) film was realised and used as a non-invasive sensor for the monitoring of water absorption and desorption in pristine and consolidated tuff stones. This film was obtained by casting from a water dispersion containing graphene oxide (GO), montmorillonite and ascorbic acid; then the GO component was thermo-chemically reduced and the ascorbic acid phase was removed by washing. The hybrid film showed electrical surface conductivity that varied linearly with the relative humidity, ranging from 2.3 × 10-3 S in dry conditions to 5.0 × 10-3 S at 100% RH. The sensor was applied onto tuff stone samples through the use of a high amorphous polyvinyl alcohol layer (HAVOH) adhesive, which guaranteed good water diffusion from the stone to the film and was tested during water capillary absorption and drying tests. Results show that the sensor is able to monitor water content changes in the stone, being potentially useful to evaluate the water absorption and desorption behaviour of porous samples both in laboratory environments and in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Olivieri
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Rachele Castaldo
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Gennaro Gentile
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marino Lavorgna
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
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45
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Olofinnade OM, Anwulidiunor JU, Ogundipe KE, Ajimalofin DA. Recycling of Periwinkle Shell Waste as Partial Substitute for Sand and Stone Dust in Lightweight Hollow Sandcrete Blocks towards Environmental Sustainability. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1853. [PMID: 36902969 PMCID: PMC10004221 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Global consumption of nonrenewable natural aggregate for construction activities is now becoming a significant concern. Reusing agricultural or marine-based wastes could offer a promising alternative to achieve natural aggregate conservation and a pollution-free environment. This study investigated the suitability of using crushed periwinkle shell (CPWS) as a reliable constituent material for sand and stone dust in producing hollow sandcrete blocks. The CPWS was used to partially substitute river sand and stone dust at 5, 10, 15 and 20% in sandcrete block mixes using a constant water-cement ratio (w/c) of 0.35. The weight, density and compressive strength of the hardened hollow sandcrete samples were determined after 28 days of curing along with the water absorption rate. Results showed an increase in the water absorbing rate of the sandcrete blocks as CPWS content increased. Mixes containing 5% and 10% CPWS substitute for sand with 100% stone dust surpassed the minimum targeted strength of 2.5 N/mm2. The compressive strength results suggested that CPWS is most suitable to be deployed as a partial substitute for sand as a constant stone dust material, thus imply that the construction industry can achieve sustainable construction with agro or marine-based wastes in hollow sandcrete production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua U. Anwulidiunor
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota 112233, Nigeria
| | - Kunle E. Ogundipe
- cidb Centre of Excellence & Sustainable Human Settlement and Construction, Department of Construction Management & Quantity Surveying, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
| | - David A. Ajimalofin
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota 112233, Nigeria
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46
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Farahani HZ, Farahani A, Fakharian P, Jahed Armaghani D. Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties and Durability of Polymer Silica Fume Concrete with Vinyl Ester Resin. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:757. [PMID: 36676494 PMCID: PMC9861734 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymer concrete, which contains silica fume powder and vinyl ester resin as two replacements for Portland cement, has improved mechanical properties and durability compared to ordinary concrete. Thus, this kind of concrete is considered to be a high-strength concrete that is resistant to corrosion and chemical attacks. In this paper, the effects of the combination of silica fume powder and vinyl ester resin as two Portland cement replacements on the workability and slump value, initial and final water absorption, compressive and tensile strength, and failure and fracture paths of the polymer concrete have been investigated. All investigations have been based on 16 different polymer concrete mixture designs. The results indicate that the optimum percentages for a combination of silica fume and vinyl ester resin, which has the maximum compressive strength (34.26 MPa) and the maximum tensile strength (4.92 MPa), are a combination of 10% silica fume and 5% vinyl ester resin. To evaluate the durability of polymer concrete, the water absorption of all mixture designs has also been measured. Accordingly, the mixture design, which includes a combination of 15% vinyl ester resin and 5% silica fume, has a minimum initial and final water absorption equal to 0.62% and 1.95%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atiye Farahani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Tafresh University, Tafresh P.O. Box 39518-79611, Iran
| | - Pouyan Fakharian
- Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Energy Institute of Higher Education, Saveh P.O. Box 39177-67746, Iran
| | - Danial Jahed Armaghani
- Department of Urban Planning, Engineering Networks and Systems, Institute of Architecture and Construction, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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47
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Baskakov SA, Baskakova YV, Dvoretskaya EV, Krasnikova SS, Lesnichaya VA, Shulga YM, Gutsev GL. Mechanical and Water Absorption Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane/Graphene Oxide Composites. Materials (Basel) 2022; 16:178. [PMID: 36614518 PMCID: PMC9821894 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites based on waterborne polyurethane (WPU) and graphene oxide (GO) have been synthesized and characterized. It was found that after the incorporation of GO, WPU films became mechanically more rigid, and the Young's modulus increased by almost six times. It is shown that the lateral size of GO sheets influences the mechanical properties of WPU/GO composites. In particular, composites with larger lateral size of GO sheets have higher values of Young's modulus. Additionally, if the mechanical properties are improved with the addition of GO additive, then water absorption decreases for WPU modified with small GO sheets whereas it increases for WPU modified with large GO sheets. Possible reasons for this behavior are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Baskakov
- Federal Research Center of Problem of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia V. Baskakova
- Federal Research Center of Problem of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V. Dvoretskaya
- Federal Research Center of Problem of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana S. Krasnikova
- Federal Research Center of Problem of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina A. Lesnichaya
- Federal Research Center of Problem of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury M. Shulga
- Federal Research Center of Problem of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Functional Polymer Materials, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Leninsky pr. 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady L. Gutsev
- Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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Mydin MAO, Abdullah MMAB, Mohd Nawi MN, Yahya Z, Sofri LA, Baltatu MS, Sandu AV, Vizureanu P. Influence of Polyformaldehyde Monofilament Fiber on the Engineering Properties of Foamed Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8984. [PMID: 36556790 PMCID: PMC9785108 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Foamed concrete is considered a green building material, which is porous in nature. As a result, it poses benefits such as being light in self-weight, and also has excellent thermal insulation properties, environmental safeguards, good fire resistance performance, and low cost. Nevertheless, foamed concrete has several disadvantages such as low strength, a large amount of entrained air, poor toughness, and being a brittle material, all of which has restricted its usage in engineering and building construction. Hence, this study intends to assess the potential utilization of polypropylene fibrillated fiber (PFF) in foamed concrete to enhance its engineering properties. A total of 10 mixes of 600 and 1200 kg/m3 densities were produced by the insertion of four varying percentages of PFF (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%). The properties assessed were splitting tensile, compressive and flexural strengths, workability, porosity, water absorption, and density. Furthermore, the correlations between the properties considered were also evaluated. The outcomes reveal that the foamed concrete mix with 4% PFF attained the highest porosity, with approximately 13.9% and 15.9% for 600 and 1200 kg/m3 densities in comparison to the control specimen. Besides, the mechanical properties (splitting tensile, compressive and flexural strengths) increased steadily with the increase in the PFF percentages up to the optimum level of 3%. Beyond 3%, the strengths reduced significantly due to poor PFF dispersal in the matrix, leading to a balling effect which causes a degraded impact of scattering the stress from the foamed concrete vicinity to another area of the PFF surface. This exploratory investigation will result in a greater comprehension of the possible applications of PFF in LFC. It is crucial to promote the sustainable development and implementation of LFC materials and infrastructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Azree Othuman Mydin
- School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi
- Disaster Management Institute (DMI), School of Technology Management and Logistics, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok 06010, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Zarina Yahya
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Liyana Ahmad Sofri
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Madalina Simona Baltatu
- Department of Technologies and Equipments for Materials Processing, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi, Blvd. Mangeron, No. 51, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Victor Sandu
- Department of Technologies and Equipments for Materials Processing, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi, Blvd. Mangeron, No. 51, 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Romanian Inventors Forum, Str. Sf. P. Movila 3, 700089 Iasi, Romania
- National Institute for Research and Development in Environmental Protection INCDPM, Splaiul Independentei 294, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petrica Vizureanu
- Department of Technologies and Equipments for Materials Processing, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi, Blvd. Mangeron, No. 51, 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Technical Sciences Academy of Romania, Dacia Blvd 26, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
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49
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Yi S, Xie L, Wu Z, Ning W, Du J, Zhang M. Effects of Hygrothermal Aging and Cyclic Compressive Loading on the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Conductive Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 36501484 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Conductive polymers and their composites have been widely applied in different applications, including sensing applications. Herein, we constructed a conductive composite of polypropylene, carbon black, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PP/CB/MWCNTs) to experimentally study its sensing behaviors in a humid thermal environment. The as-synthesized PP/CB/MWCNT composite polymer was immersed in simulated sweat in deionized water at 67 °C. Regarding their electrical and mechanical properties, different experimental parameters, such as cyclic loading and hygrothermal aging, were investigated by recording the mass changes, carrying out strain sensing experiments, and performing dynamic mechanical analyses before and after the immersion test. The results reveal that the filler content improved the rate of water absorption but decreased at higher concentrations of the solution. The sensitivity of the material decreased by up to 53% after the hygrothermal ageing and cyclic loading. Moreover, the sensitivity under cyclic compression loading decreased with an increasing immersion time, qualitatively illustrated by an effective quantum tunneling effect and conducting path model. Finally, hygrothermal aging reduced the composite's glass transition temperature. This reduction was the most significant for specimens immersed in deionized water, ascribed to the moisture absorption, reducing the molecular chain activity.
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Al-Hashem MN, Amin MN, Ajwad A, Afzal M, Khan K, Faraz MI, Qadir MG, Khan H. Mechanical and Durability Evaluation of Metakaolin as Cement Replacement Material in Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7868. [PMID: 36431354 PMCID: PMC9692382 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing prices of cement and its harmful effect on the environment, the use of cement has become highly unsustainable in concrete. There is a considerable need for promoting the use of cement replacement materials. This study investigates the effect of variable percentages of metakaolin (MK) on the mechanical and durability performance of concrete. Kaolin clay (KC) was used in the current research to prepare the MK by the calcination process; it was ground in a ball mill to its maximum achievable fineness value of 2550 m2/Kg. Four replacement levels of MK, i.e., 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of cement, in addition to control samples, at a constant water-to-cement (w/c) ratio of 0.55 were used. For evaluating the mechanical and durability performance, 27 cubes (6 in. × 6 in. × 6 in.) and 6 cylinders (3.875 in. diameter, 2 in. height) were cast for each mix. These samples were tested for compressive strength under standard conditions and in an acidic environment, in addition to being subjected to water permeability, sorptivity, and water absorption tests. Chemical analysis revealed that MK could be used as pozzolana as per the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM C 618:2003). The results demonstrated an increased compressive strength of concrete owing to an increased percentage of MK in the mix with aging. In particular, the concrete having 20% MK after curing under standard conditions exhibited 33.43% higher compressive strength at 90 days as compared to similarly aged control concrete. However, with increasing MK, the workability of concrete decreased drastically. After being subjected to an acid attack (immersing concrete cubes in 2% sulfuric acid solution), the samples exhibited a significant decrease in compressive strength at 90 days in comparison to those without acid attack at the same age. The density of acid attack increased with increasing MK with a maximum corresponding to 5% MK concrete. The current findings suggest that the local MK has the potential to produce good-quality concrete in a normal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Najeeb Al-Hashem
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Nasir Amin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Ajwad
- Civil Engineering Department, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Civil Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan
| | - Kaffayatullah Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Iftikhar Faraz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ghulam Qadir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abbottabad Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Hayat Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
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