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Elhalis H, See XY, Osen R, Chin XH, Chow Y. The potentials and challenges of using fermentation to improve the sensory quality of plant-based meat analogs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1267227. [PMID: 37860141 PMCID: PMC10582269 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1267227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advancements made in improving the quality of plant-based meat substitutes, more work needs to be done to match the texture, appearance, and flavor of real meat. This review aims to cover the sensory quality constraints of plant-based meat analogs and provides fermentation as a sustainable approach to push these boundaries. Plant-based meat analogs have been observed to have weak and soft textural quality, poor mouth feel, an unstable color, and unpleasant and beany flavors in some cases, necessitating the search for efficient novel technologies. A wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, as well as fungi like Fusarium venenatum and Neurospora intermedia, have improved the product texture to mimic fibrous meat structures. Additionally, the chewiness and hardness of the resulting meat analogs have been further improved through the use of Bacillus subtilis. However, excessive fermentation may result in a decrease in the final product's firmness and produce a slimy texture. Similarly, several microbial metabolites can mimic the color and flavor of meat, with some concerns. It appears that fermentation is a promising approach to modulating the sensory profiles of plant-derived meat ingredients without adverse consequences. In addition, the technology of starter cultures can be optimized and introduced as a new strategy to enhance the organoleptic properties of plant-based meat while still meeting the needs of an expanding and sustainable economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam Elhalis
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xin Yi See
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raffael Osen
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Hui Chin
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yvonne Chow
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Optimization of green and environmentally-benign synthesis of isoamyl acetate in the presence of ball-milled seashells by response surface methodology. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2803. [PMID: 36797437 PMCID: PMC9935880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ball-milled seashells, as a nano-biocomposite catalyst and natural source of CaCO3 in its aragonite microcrystalline form with fixed CO2, was optimized for the synthesis of isoamyl acetate (3-methylbutyl ethanoate) by response surface methodology with a five-level three-factor rotatable circumscribed central composite design. The seashells nano-biocomposite has proved to be an excellent heterogeneous multifunctional catalyst for the green and environmentally-benign synthesis of isoamyl acetate from acetic acid and isoamyl alcohol under solvent-free conditions. A high yield of 91% was obtained under the following optimal conditions: molar ratio of alcohol: acetic acid (1:3.7), catalyst loading (15.7 mg), the reaction temperature (98 °C), and the reaction time (219 min). The outstanding advantages of this protocol are the use of an inexpensive, naturally occurring and easily prepared nano-biocomposite material having appropriate thermal stability and without any modifications using hazardous reagents, lower catalyst loading and reaction temperature, no use of corrosive Bronsted acids as well as toxic azeotropic solvents or water adsorbents, and simplicity of the procedure.
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3
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Mixed fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacteriµm animalis subsp. lactis and Candida utilis improves the fermentation quality of Hong Suan Tang. Food Chem 2023; 402:134488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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4
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Nagaroor V, Gummadi SN. An overview of mammalian and microbial hormone-sensitive lipases (lipolytic family IV): biochemical properties and industrial applications. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-30. [PMID: 36154870 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2127071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, hormone-sensitive lipase (EC 3.1.1.79) is an intracellular lipase that significantly regulates lipid metabolism. Mammalian HSL is more active towards diacylglycerol but lacks a lid covering the active site. Dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, cancer, and cancer-associated cachexia are symptoms of HSL pathophysiology. Certain microbial proteins show a sequence homologous to the catalytic domain of mammalian HSL, hence called microbial HSL. They possess a funnel-shaped substrate-binding pocket and restricted length of acyl chain esters, thus known as esterases. These enzymes have broad substrate specificities and are capable of stereo, regio, and enantioselective, making them attractive biocatalysts in a wide range of industrial applications in the production of flavors, pharmaceuticals, biosensors, and fine chemicals. This review will provide insight into mammalian and microbial HSLs, their sources, structural features related to substrate specificity, thermal stability, and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Nagaroor
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology laboratory (AIM lab), Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sathyanarayana N Gummadi
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology laboratory (AIM lab), Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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5
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Hormozi Jangi SR, Akhond M. Introducing a covalent thiol-based protected immobilized acetylcholinesterase with enhanced enzymatic performances for biosynthesis of esters. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Sustainable Biosynthesis of Esterase Enzymes of Desired Characteristics of Catalysis for Pharmaceutical and Food Industry Employing Specific Strains of Microorganisms. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactions catalysed by sustainably produced enzymes can contribute to the bioeconomy supporting several industries. Low-value compounds can be transformed into added-value products or high-resolution chemicals could be prepared in reactions catalysed by biocatalyst esterase enzymes. These enzymes can be synthesised by purposely isolated or genetically modified strains of microorganisms. Enzymes belonging to the hydrolase family catalyse the formation and hydrolysis of ester bonds to produce the desired esterified molecule. The synthesis of homo-chiral compounds can be accomplished either by chemical or biocatalytic processes, the latter being preferred with the use of microbial esterases. For varied applications, esterases with high stability and retained activity at lower and higher temperatures have been produced with strains isolated from extreme environments. For sustainable production of enzymes, higher productivity has been achieved by employing fast-growing Escherichia coli after incorporating plasmids of required characteristics from specific isolates. This is a review of the isolated and engineered strains used in the biosynthesis of esterase of the desired property, with the objective of a sustainable supply of enzymes, to produce products of industrial importance contributing to the economy.
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7
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Effects of pH and Osmotic Changes on the Metabolic Expressions of Bacillus subtilis Strain 168 in Metabolite Pathways including Leucine Metabolism. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020112. [PMID: 35208188 PMCID: PMC8880083 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is often exposed to diverse culture conditions with the aim of improving hygiene or food quality. This can lead to changes in the volatile metabolite profiles related to the quality of fermented foods. To comprehensively interpret the associated metabolic expressions, changes in intracellular primary and extracellular secondary volatile metabolites were investigated by exposing B. subtilis to an alkaline pH (BP, pH 8.0) and a high salt concentration (BS, 1 M). In particular, B. subtilis was cultured in a leucine-enriched medium to investigate the formation of leucine-derived volatile metabolites. This study observed metabolic changes in several metabolic pathways, including carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and leucine degradation. The formation of proline (an osmolyte), furans, pyrrole, and monosaccharide sugars (glucose, galactose, and fructose) was enhanced in BS, whereas fatty acid derivatives (ketones and alcohols) increased in BP. In the case of leucine degradation, 3-methyl-butanal and 3-methylbutanol could be salt-specific metabolites, while the contents of 3-methylbutanoic acid and 3-methylbutylacetate increased in BP. These results show culture condition-specific metabolic changes, especially secondary volatile metabolites related to the sensory property of foods, in B. subtilis.
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Thermostable lipases and their dynamics of improved enzymatic properties. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7069-7094. [PMID: 34487207 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thermal stability is one of the most desirable characteristics in the search for novel lipases. The search for thermophilic microorganisms for synthesising functional enzyme biocatalysts with the ability to withstand high temperature, and capacity to maintain their native state in extreme conditions opens up new opportunities for their biotechnological applications. Thermophilic organisms are one of the most favoured organisms, whose distinctive characteristics are extremely related to their cellular constituent particularly biologically active proteins. Modifications on the enzyme structure are critical in optimizing the stability of enzyme to thermophilic conditions. Thermostable lipases are one of the most favourable enzymes used in food industries, pharmaceutical field, and actively been studied as potential biocatalyst in biodiesel production and other biotechnology application. Particularly, there is a trade-off between the use of enzymes in high concentration of organic solvents and product generation. Enhancement of the enzyme stability needs to be achieved for them to maintain their enzymatic activity regardless the environment. Various approaches on protein modification applied since decades ago conveyed a better understanding on how to improve the enzymatic properties in thermophilic bacteria. In fact, preliminary approach using advanced computational analysis is practically conducted before any modification is being performed experimentally. Apart from that, isolation of novel extremozymes from various microorganisms are offering great frontier in explaining the crucial native interaction within the molecules which could help in protein engineering. In this review, the thermostability prospect of lipases and the utility of protein engineering insights into achieving functional industrial usefulness at their high temperature habitat are highlighted. Similarly, the underlying thermodynamic and structural basis that defines the forces that stabilize these thermostable lipase is discussed. KEY POINTS: • The dynamics of lipases contributes to their non-covalent interactions and structural stability. • Thermostability can be enhanced by well-established genetic tools for improved kinetic efficiency. • Molecular dynamics greatly provides structure-function insights on thermodynamics of lipase.
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He S, Wu X, Ma B, Xu Y. High specific immobilization of His-tagged recombinant Microbacterium esterase by Ni-NTA magnetic chitosan microspheres for efficient synthesis of key chiral intermediate of d-biotin. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:2193-2204. [PMID: 34089090 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The novel Ni-NTA-functionalized magnetic chitosan microspheres (MCS-NTA-Ni) were prepared via amino functionalization of MCS with epichlorohydrin and ethylenediamine, followed by the introduction of the aldehyde groups and NTA in turn, and nickel (II) ions were chelated in the end. MCS-NTA-Ni contained numerous long-armed NTA-Ni surface groups, ensuring high enzyme loading and providing more space and flexibility to attach enzymes and maintain their activity. This microsphere can have highly selective adsorption of his-tagged recombinant protein. The his-tagged recombinant Microbacterium esterase of E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET21a-EstSIT01 was first immobilized on MCS-NTA-Ni by affinity fixation, giving high immobilization yield (90.1%) and enzyme loading (120 mg/g). Compared with free esterase, the immobilized esterase was found to exhibit higher pH stability and thermal stability. In addition, the immobilized esterase had excellent reusability for the synthesis of key chiral intermediate of d-biotin and the substrate conversion could still keep 100% after 8 cycles continuously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song He
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, China.
| | - Baodi Ma
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, China.
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10
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Search for the Microwave Nonthermal Effect in Microwave Chemistry: Synthesis of the Heptyl Butanoate Ester with Microwave Selective Heating of a Sulfonated Activated Carbon Catalyst. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The heptyl butanoate ester was synthesized from butanoic acid and heptanol in a heterogeneous medium in the presence of sulfonated activated carbon (AC-SO3H) catalyst particles subjected to microwave irradiation, which led to higher conversion yields (greater product yields) than conventional heating with an oil bath. The advantage of the microwaves appeared only when the moisture content in the butanoic acid batch(es) was high, suggesting that, unlike conventional heating, the reverse reaction caused by the moisture content and/or by the byproduct water was suppressed by the microwaves. This contrasted with the results that were found when carrying out the reaction in a homogeneous medium in the presence of the 2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium-p-toluene sulfonate (TMP-PTS) catalyst, as product yields were not improved by microwave heating relative to conventional heating. The removal of moisture/water content in the reaction solution was more pronounced when the reactor was cooled, as the reaction yields were enhanced via selective heating of the heterogeneous catalyst. A coupled electromagnetic field/heat transfer analysis gave credence to the selective heating of the AC-SO3H catalyst, which was further enhanced by cooling the reactor. It was deduced that unforeseen impurities and local high-temperature fields generated on the surface of small fine catalyst particles may have had an effect on the microwave chemistry such that the associated phenomena could be mistaken as originating from a nonthermal effect of the microwaves. Accordingly, it is highly recommended that impurities and selective heating be taken into consideration when examining and concluding the occurrence of a microwave nonthermal effect.
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Kamireddy K, Sonbarse PP, Mishra SK, Agrawal L, Chauhan PS, Lata C, Parvatam G. Proteomic approach to identify the differentially abundant proteins during flavour development in tuberous roots of Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:173. [PMID: 33927964 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Hydroxy-4-Methoxy Benzaldehyde (2H4MB) is a structural isomer of vanillin produced in the tuberous roots of D. hamiltonii. Both vanillin and 2H4MB share the common phenylpropanoid pathway for their synthesis. Unlike vanillin, in which the biosynthetic pathway was well elucidated in V. planifolia, the 2H4MB biosynthetic pathway is not known in any of its plant sources. To find the key enzymes/proteins that promote 2H4MB biosynthesis, a comparative proteomic approach was adapted. In this case, two developmental stages of tuberous roots of D. hamiltonii were selected, where the flavour content was highly variable. The flavour content in the two stages was estimated using quantitative HPLC. The flavour content in the first and second stages of tuber development was 160 and 510 µgg-1, respectively. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was performed for these two stages of tubers; this was followed by PDquest analysis. A total of 180 protein spots were differentially abundant of which 57 spots were selected and subjected to MALDI-TOF-TOF analysis. The largest percentage of identified proteins was involved in stress and defence (27.9%), followed by proteins related to bioenergy and metabolism (23.2%), Cellular homeostasis proteins (18.6%), signaling proteins (11.6%), Plant growth and development proteins (9.3%). Holistically, we found the upregulation of methyltransferase, cell division responsive proteins, plant growth and development proteins which directly relate to flavour development and maturation. Similarly, stress-responsive and signaling proteins, vacuole proteins and ATPases were down-regulated with an increase in flavour content. In this study, we could not identify the specific 2H4MB metabolic pathway proteins, however, we could be able to study the changes in physiological and primary metabolic proteins with 2H4MB accumulation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02714-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kamireddy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh India
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka India
| | - Priyanka Purushottam Sonbarse
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh India
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka India
| | - Shashank K Mishra
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Lalit Agrawal
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Puneet S Chauhan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Charu Lata
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Giridhar Parvatam
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh India
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka India
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Baek Y, Lee J, Son J, Lee T, Sobhan A, Lee J, Koo SM, Shin WH, Oh JM, Park C. Enzymatic Synthesis of Formate Ester through Immobilized Lipase and Its Reuse. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081802. [PMID: 32796735 PMCID: PMC7465053 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Octyl formate is an important substance used in the perfume industry in products such as cosmetics, perfumes, and flavoring. Octyl formate is mostly produced by chemical catalysts. However, using enzymes as catalysts has gathered increasing interest due to their environment-friendly proprieties. In the present study, we aimed to identify the optimal conditions for the synthesis of octyl formate through immobilized enzyme-mediated esterification. We investigated the effects of enzymatic reaction parameters including the type of immobilized enzyme, enzyme concentration, molar ratio of reactants, reaction temperature, and type of solvent using the optimization method of one factor at a time (OFAT). The maximum conversion achieved was 96.51% with Novozym 435 (15 g/L), a 1:7 formic acid to octanol ratio, a reaction temperature of 40 °C, and with 1,2-dichloroethane as solvent. Moreover, we demonstrated that the Novozym 435 can be reused under the optimal conditions without affecting the octyl formate yield, which could help reduce the economic burden associated with enzymatic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesol Baek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (Y.B.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jonghwa Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (Y.B.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jemin Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (Y.B.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (Y.B.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Abdus Sobhan
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA;
- Gyedang College of General Education, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 31066, Korea;
| | - Jinyoung Lee
- Gyedang College of General Education, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 31066, Korea;
| | - Sang-Mo Koo
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (W.H.S.); (J.-M.O.)
| | - Weon Ho Shin
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (W.H.S.); (J.-M.O.)
| | - Jong-Min Oh
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (W.H.S.); (J.-M.O.)
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (Y.B.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (C.P.)
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Cai X, Lin L, Shen Y, Wei W, Wei DZ. Functional expression of a novel methanol-stable esterase from Geobacillus subterraneus DSM13552 for biocatalytic synthesis of cinnamyl acetate in a solvent-free system. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:36. [PMID: 32600313 PMCID: PMC7322897 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esterases are widely distributed in nature and have important applications in medical, industrial and physiological. Recently, the increased demand for flavor esters has prompted the search of catalysts like lipases and esterases. Esterases from thermophiles also show thermal stability at elevated temperatures and have become enzymes of special interest in biotechnological applications. Although most of esterases catalyzed reactions are carried out in toxic and inflammable organic solvents, the solvent-free system owning many advantages such as low cost and easy downstream processing. RESULTS The gene estGSU753 from Geobacillus subterraneus DSM13552 was cloned, sequenced and overexpressed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The novel gene has an open reading frame of 753 bp and encodes 250-amino-acid esterase (EstGSU753). The sequence analysis showed that the protein contains a catalytic triad formed by Ser97, Asp196 and His226, and the Ser of the active site is located in the conserved motif Gly95-X-Ser97-X-Gly99 included in most esterases and lipases. The protein catalyzed the hydrolysis of pNP-esters of different acyl chain lengths, and the enzyme specific activity was 70 U/mg with the optimum substrate pNP-caprylate. The optimum pH and temperature of the recombinant enzyme were 8.0 and 60 °C respectively. The resulting EstGSU753 showed remarkable stability against methanol. After the incubation at 50% methanol for 9 days, EstGSU753 retained 50% of its original activity. Even incubation at 90% methanol for 35 h, EstGSU753 retained 50% of its original activity. Also, the preliminary study of the transesterification shows the potential value in synthesis of short-chain flavor esters in a solvent-free system, and more than 99% conversion was obtained in 6 h (substrate: cinnamyl alcohol, 1.0 M). CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of esterase gene cloning from Geobacillus subterraneus with detailed enzymatic properties. This methanol-stable esterase showed potential value in industrial applications especially in the perfume industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghai Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lin
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China.,Research Laboratory for Functional Nanomaterial, National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong-Zhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
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Adıgüzel AO. Production and characterization of thermo-, halo- and solvent-stable esterase from Bacillus mojavensis TH309. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1715370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Osman Adıgüzel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Letter Faculty, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Turkey
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15
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Xue D, Yao D, You X, Gong C. Green Synthesis of the Flavor Esters with a Marine Candida parapsilosis Esterase Expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Indian J Microbiol 2020; 60:175-181. [PMID: 32255850 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The green synthesis of the flavor esters, n-propyl acetate, isobutyl acetate and isoamyl acetate had the advantages over the chemical synthesis. The esterase from Candida parapsilosis could transform n-propanol, isobutanol and isoamyl alcohol into n-propyl acetate, isobutyl acetate and isoamyl acetate, respectively. The esterase was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. At 30 °C for 1 d, the concentration of n-propyl acetate, isobutyl acetate and isoamyl acetate synthesized by the esterase expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 24.6 mg/100 mL, 8.3 mg/100 mL, 5.6 mg/100 mL, respectively. Expression of the esterase has a practical significance for flavor ester synthesis by green biochemical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Xue
- 1Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068 People's Republic of China
| | - Donghai Yao
- 1Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068 People's Republic of China
| | - Xihuo You
- China Agricultural Huawei Biopharmaceuticals Ltd Company, Wuxue, 435300 People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Gong
- 1Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068 People's Republic of China
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Calinescu I, Vartolomei A, Gavrila IA, Vinatoru M, Mason TJ. A reactor designed for the ultrasonic stimulation of enzymatic esterification. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 54:32-38. [PMID: 30827906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory scale ultrasonic flow reactor capable of enhancing enzymatic reactions has been built and characterized using as a model reaction the enzymatic synthesis of isoamyl acetate using Lipozyme 435 immobilized on a macroporous anion exchange resin. The efficiency of the reactor was determined in relation to ultrasonic power density (measured by 4-nitrophenol dosimetry), position of ultrasonic horn and temperature. The results show that ultrasound can enhance the process efficiency and also reduce the reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Calinescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University "Politehnica" of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu, Bucharest 011061, Romania
| | - A Vartolomei
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University "Politehnica" of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu, Bucharest 011061, Romania
| | - I-A Gavrila
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University "Politehnica" of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu, Bucharest 011061, Romania
| | - M Vinatoru
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University "Politehnica" of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu, Bucharest 011061, Romania.
| | - T J Mason
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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Influence of ethanol and temperature on adsorption of flavor-active esters on hydrophobic resins. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Petrova P, Tsvetanova F, Petrov K. Low cell surface hydrophobicity is one of the key factors for high butanol tolerance of Lactic acid bacteria. Eng Life Sci 2018; 19:133-142. [PMID: 32624995 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly butanol-tolerant strains have always been attractive because of their potential as microbial hosts for butanol production. However, due to the amphiphilic nature of 1-butanol as a solvent, the relationship between the cell surface hydrophobicity and butanol resistance remained ambiguous to date. In this work, the quantitatively estimated cell surface hydrophobicity of 74 Lactic acid bacteria strains were juxtaposed to their tolerance to various butanol concentrations. The obtained results revealed that the strains' hydrophobicity was inversely proportional to their butanol tolerance. All highly butanol-resistant strains were hydrophilic (cell surface hydrophobicity<1%), whereas the more hydrophobic the strains were, the more sensitive to butanol they were. Furthermore, cultivation at increasing butanol concentrations showed a clear tendency to decrease the level of hydrophobicity in all tested organisms, thus suggesting possible adaptation mechanisms. Purposeful reduction of cell surface hydrophobicity (by removal of S-layer proteins from the cell envelope) also led to an increase of butanol resistance. Since the results covered 23 different Lactic acid bacteria species of seven genera, it could be concluded that regardless of the species, the lower degree of cells' hydrophobicity clearly correlates with the higher level of butanol tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penka Petrova
- Institute of Microbiology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Flora Tsvetanova
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Kaloyan Petrov
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
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Solvent Tolerance in Bacteria: Fulfilling the Promise of the Biotech Era? Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:1025-1039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Immobilization of an Antarctic Pseudomonas AMS8 Lipase for Low Temperature Ethyl Hexanoate Synthesis. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8060234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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22
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Sánchez-Castañeda AK, Athès V, Moussa M, López-Miranda J, Páez-Lerma JB, Soto-Cruz NÓ, Trelea IC. Modeling of isoamyl acetate production by fermentation with Pichia fermentans in an aerated system coupled to in situ extraction. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Dange P, Rathod V. Equilibrium and thermodynamic parameters for heterogeneous esterification of butyric acid with methanol under microwave irradiation. RESOURCE-EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reffit.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Mandelli F, Gonçalves TA, Gandin CA, Oliveira ACP, Oliveira Neto M, Squina FM. Characterization and Low-Resolution Structure of an Extremely Thermostable Esterase of Potential Biotechnological Interest from Pyrococcus furiosus. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 58:757-766. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-016-9975-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Prache N, Abreu S, Sassiat P, Thiébaut D, Chaminade P. Alternative solvents for improving the greenness of normal phase liquid chromatography of lipid classes. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1464:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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de Souza MP, Bataglion GA, da Silva FM, de Almeida RA, Paz WH, Nobre TA, Marinho JV, Salvador MJ, Fidelis CH, Acho LD, de Souza AD, Nunomura RC, Eberlin MN, Lima ES, Koolen HH. Phenolic and aroma compositions of pitomba fruit (Talisia esculenta Radlk.) assessed by LC–MS/MS and HS-SPME/GC–MS. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Mathpati AC, Badgujar KC, Bhanage BM. Kinetic modeling and docking study of immobilized lipase catalyzed synthesis of furfuryl acetate. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 84:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Gao W, Wu K, Chen L, Fan H, Zhao Z, Gao B, Wang H, Wei D. A novel esterase from a marine mud metagenomic library for biocatalytic synthesis of short-chain flavor esters. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:41. [PMID: 26892801 PMCID: PMC4758151 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Marine mud is an abundant and largely unexplored source of enzymes with unique properties that may be useful for industrial and biotechnological purposes. However, since most microbes cannot be cultured in the laboratory, a cultivation-independent metagenomic approach would be advantageous for the identification of novel enzymes. Therefore, with the objective of screening novel lipolytic enzymes, a metagenomic library was constructed using the total genomic DNA extracted from marine mud. Results Based on functional heterologous expression, 34 clones that showed lipolytic activity were isolated. The five clones with the largest halos were identified, and the corresponding genes were successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Molecular analysis revealed that these encoded proteins showed 48–79 % similarity with other proteins in the GenBank database. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis classified these five protein sequences as new members of known families of bacterial lipolytic enzymes. Among them, EST4, which has 316 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 33.8 kDa, was further studied in detail due to its strong hydrolytic activity. Characterization of EST4 indicated that it is an alkaline esterase that exhibits highest hydrolytic activity towards p-nitrophenyl butyrate (specific activity: 1389 U mg−1) at 45 °C and pH 8.0. The half-life of EST4 is 55 and 46 h at 40 and 45 °C, respectively, indicating a relatively high thermostability. EST4 also showed remarkable stability in organic solvents, retaining 90 % of its initial activity when incubated for 12 h in the presence of hydrophobic alkanes. Furthermore, EST4 was used as an efficient whole-cell biocatalyst for the synthesis of short-chain flavor esters, showing high conversion rate and good tolerance for high substrate concentrations (up to 3.0 M). These results demonstrate a promising potential for industrial scaling-up to produce short-chain flavor esters at high substrate concentrations in non-aqueous media. Conclusions This manuscript reports unprecedented alcohol tolerance and conversion of an esterase biocatalyst identified from a marine mud metagenomic library. The high organic solvent tolerance and thermostability of EST4 suggest that it has great potential as a biocatalyst. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0435-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lifeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiyang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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Xu H, Yan Q, Duan X, Yang S, Jiang Z. Characterization of an acidic cold-adapted cutinase from Thielavia terrestris and its application in flavor ester synthesis. Food Chem 2015; 188:439-45. [PMID: 26041215 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An acidic cutinase (TtcutB) from Thielavia terrestris CAU709 was purified to apparent homogeneity with 983 Um g(-1) specific activity. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 27.3 and 27.9 kDa by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration, respectively. A peptide sequence homology search revealed no homologous cutinases from T. terrestris, except for one putative cutinase gene (XP003656017.1), indicating that TtcutB is a novel enzyme. TtcutB exhibited an acidic pH optimum of 4.0, and stability at pH 2.5-10.5. Optimal activity was at 55 °C, it was stable up to 65 °C, and retained over 30% activity at 0 °C. Km values toward p-nitrophenyl (pNP) acetate, pNP-butyrate and pNP-caproate were 8.3, 1.1 and 0.88 mM, respectively. The cutinase exhibited strong synthetic activity on flavor ester butyl butyrate under non-aqueous environment, and the highest esterification efficiency of 95% was observed under the optimized reaction conditions. The enzyme's unique biochemical properties suggest great potential in flavor esters-producing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Xu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaojie Duan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Enzymatic synthesis of isoamyl butyrate catalyzed by immobilized lipase on poly-methacrylate particles: optimization, reusability and mass transfer studies. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1601-13. [PMID: 25935327 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Isoamyl butyrate (banana flavor) was synthesized by esterification reaction of isoamyl alcohol and butyric acid in heptane medium. Immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) prepared via physical adsorption on mesoporous poly-methacrylate particles (PMA) was used as biocatalyst. The factors that affect the esterification reaction were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Under optimal experimental conditions, maximum ester conversion percentage of 96.1 and 73.6% was reached after 50 and 90 min, respectively, for esterification reaction performed at equimolar ratio alcohol:acid at 500 and 2000 mM of each substrate. Under these experimental conditions, the esterification reaction was not controlled by external and intra-particle mass transfer effects. The product (isoamyl butyrate) was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) spectroscopy. Reusability tests showed that the biocatalyst retained around 96 and 31% of its initial activity after eight successive esterification cycles performed at 500 and 2000 mM, respectively. The application of the biocatalyst prepared showed to be a promising strategy to catalyze flavor ester synthesis in a non-aqueous medium.
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Ghati A, Paul G. Purification and characterization of a thermo-halophilic, alkali-stable and extremely benzene tolerant esterase from a thermo-halo tolerant Bacillus cereus strain AGP-03, isolated from ‘Bakreshwar’ hot spring, India. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Takihara H, Ogihara J, Yoshida T, Okuda S, Nakajima M, Iwabuchi N, Sunairi M. Enhanced translocation and growth of Rhodococcus erythropolis PR4 in the alkane phase of aqueous-alkane two phase cultures were mediated by GroEL2 overexpression. Microbes Environ 2014; 29:346-52. [PMID: 25311591 PMCID: PMC4262357 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that R. erythropolis PR4 translocated from the aqueous to the alkane phase, and then grew in two phase cultures to which long-chain alkanes had been added. This was considered to be beneficial for bioremediation. In the present study, we investigated the proteins involved in the translocation of R. erythropolis PR4. The results of our proteogenomic analysis suggested that GroEL2 was upregulated more in cells that translocated inside of the pristane (C19) phase than in those located at the aqueous-alkane interface attached to the n-dodecane (C12) surface. PR4 (pK4-EL2-1) and PR4 (pK4-ΔEL2-1) strains were constructed to confirm the effects of the upregulation of GroEL2 in translocated cells. The expression of GroEL2 in PR4 (pK4-EL2-1) was 15.5-fold higher than that in PR4 (pK4-ΔEL2-1) in two phase cultures containing C12. The growth and cell surface lipophilicity of PR4 were enhanced by the introduction of pK4-EL2-1. These results suggested that the plasmid overexpression of groEL2 in PR4 (pK4-EL2-1) led to changes in cell localization, enhanced growth, and increased cell surface lipophilicity. Thus, we concluded that the overexpression of GroEL2 may play an important role in increasing the organic solvent tolerance of R. erythropolis PR4 in aqueous-alkane two phase cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Takihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Applied Biological Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
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Luo J, Ning J, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Zheng Y, Shen Y, Wang M. The effect of ethanol on cell properties and steroid 1-en-dehydrogenation biotransformation ofArthrobacter simplex. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 61:555-64. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology); Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ning
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology); Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology); Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology); Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology); Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology); Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology); Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin People's Republic of China
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Biocatalytic synthesis of short-chain flavor esters with high substrate loading by a whole-cell lipase from Aspergillus oryzae. CATAL COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Sun J, Lee LWW, Liu SQ. Biosynthesis of Flavour-Active Esters via Lipase-Mediated Reactions and Mechanisms. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Flavour active esters belong to one group of fine aroma chemicals that impart desirable fruity flavour notes and are widely applied in the flavour and fragrance industry. Due to the increasing consumer concern about health, natural products are attracting more attention than chemically synthesized substances. The biosynthesis of flavour-active esters via lipase-catalyzed reactions is one of the most important biotechnological methods for natural flavour generation. To proceed with the industrial production of esters on a large scale, it is critical to understand the enzyme properties and behaviours under different reaction conditions. In this short review, the lipase-catalyzed reactions in various systems and their mechanisms for synthesis of the esters are summarized and discussed.
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Liu Y, Xu H, Yan Q, Yang S, Duan X, Jiang Z. Biochemical characterization of a first fungal esterase from Rhizomucor miehei showing high efficiency of ester synthesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77856. [PMID: 24204998 PMCID: PMC3813734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esterases with excellent merits suitable for commercial use in ester production field are still insufficient. The aim of this research is to advance our understanding by seeking for more unusual esterases and revealing their characterizations for ester synthesis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A novel esterase-encoding gene from Rhizomucor miehei (RmEstA) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Sequence analysis revealed a 975-bp ORF encoding a 324-amino-acid polypeptide belonging to the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) family IV and showing highest similarity (44%) to the Paenibacillus mucilaginosus esterase/lipase. Recombinant RmEstA was purified to homogeneity: it was 34 kDa by SDS-PAGE and showed optimal pH and temperature of 6.5 and 45°C, respectively. The enzyme was stable to 50°C, under a broad pH range (5.0-10.6). RmEstA exhibited broad substrate specificity toward p-nitrophenol esters and short-acyl-chain triglycerols, with highest activities (1,480 U mg(-1) and 228 U mg(-1)) for p-nitrophenyl hexanoate and tributyrin, respectively. RmEstA efficiently synthesized butyl butyrate (92% conversion yield) when immobilized on AOT-based organogel. CONCLUSION RmEstA has great potential for industrial applications. RmEstA is the first reported esterase from Rhizomucor miehei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Duan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Martins AB, Friedrich JLR, Rodrigues RC, Garcia-Galan C, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Ayub MAZ. Optimized butyl butyrate synthesis catalyzed byThermomyces lanuginosuslipase. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:1416-21. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andréa B. Martins
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Lab; Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State; ZC 91501-970, Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - John L. R. Friedrich
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Lab; Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State; ZC 91501-970, Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Rafael C. Rodrigues
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Lab; Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State; ZC 91501-970, Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Cristina Garcia-Galan
- Dept. of Biocatalysis; ICP - CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC; Cantoblanco, ZC 28049 Madrid Spain
| | | | - Marco A. Z. Ayub
- Biochemical Engineering Lab (BiotecLab); Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State; ZC 91501-970, Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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Martins AB, Schein MF, Friedrich JLR, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Ayub MAZ, Rodrigues RC. Ultrasound-assisted butyl acetate synthesis catalyzed by Novozym 435: enhanced activity and operational stability. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2013; 20:1155-1160. [PMID: 23453821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The influence of low-frequency ultrasound (40 kHz) in the esterification reaction between acetic acid and butanol for flavor ester synthesis catalyzed by the commercial immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435) was evaluated. A central composite design and the response surface methodology were used to analyze the effects of the reaction parameters (temperature, substrate molar ratio, enzyme content and added water) and their response (yields of conversion in 2.5 h of reaction). The reaction was carried out using n-hexane as solvent. The optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted butyl acetate synthesis were found to be: temperature of 46 °C; substrate molar ratio of 3.6:1 butanol:acetic acid; enzyme content of 7%; added water of 0.25%, conditions that are slightly different from those found using mechanical mixing. Over 94% of conversion was obtained in 2.5h under these conditions. The optimal acid concentration for the reaction was determined to be 2.0 M, compared to 0.3 M without ultrasound treatment. Enzyme productivity was significantly improved to around 7.5-fold for each batch when comparing ultrasound and standard mechanical agitation. The biocatalyst could be directly reused for 14 reactions cycles keeping around 70% of its original activity, while activity was virtually zeroed in the third cycle using the standard mixing system. Thus, compared to the traditional mechanical agitation, ultrasound technology not only improves the process productivity, but also enhances enzyme recycling and stability in the presence of acetic acid, being a powerful tool to improve biocatalyst performance in this type of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa B Martins
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Lab, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, P.O. Box 15090, ZC 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Solvent-Free Synthesis of Flavour Esters through Immobilized Lipase Mediated Transesterification. Enzyme Res 2013; 2013:367410. [PMID: 23819043 PMCID: PMC3683480 DOI: 10.1155/2013/367410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of methyl butyrate and octyl acetate through immobilized Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 3562 lipase mediated transesterification was studied under solvent-free conditions. The effect of different transesterification variables, namely, molarity of alcohol, reaction time, temperature, agitation, addition of water, and enzyme amount on molar conversion (%) was investigated. A maximum molar conversion of 70.42% and 92.35% was obtained in a reaction time of 14 and 12 h with the transesterification variables of 0.6 M methanol in vinyl butyrate and 2 M octanol in vinyl acetate using 80 U and 60 U immobilized lipase with the agitation speed of 200 rpm and 0.2% water addition at 32°C and 36°C for methyl butyrate and octyl acetate, respectively. The immobilized enzyme has retained good relative activity (more than 95%) up to five and six recycles for methyl butyrate and octyl acetate, respectively. Hence, the present investigation makes a great impingement in natural flavour industry by introducing products synthesized under solvent-free conditions to the flavour market.
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Corrêa T, Zubieta M, Teixeira J, de Queiroz M, de Araújo E. Carboxyl ester hydrolase from Penicillium expansum
: cloning, characterization and overproduction by Penicillium griseoroseum. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:114-24. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T.L.R. Corrêa
- Department of Microbiology/BIOAGRO; Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa); Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - M.P. Zubieta
- Department of Microbiology/BIOAGRO; Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa); Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - J.A. Teixeira
- Department of Microbiology/BIOAGRO; Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa); Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - M.V. de Queiroz
- Department of Microbiology/BIOAGRO; Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa); Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - E.F. de Araújo
- Department of Microbiology/BIOAGRO; Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa); Viçosa MG Brazil
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Detoxification and anti-nutrients reduction of Jatropha curcas seed cake by Bacillus fermentation. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 115:168-72. [PMID: 23014183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Jatropha curcas seed cake is a by-product generated from oil extraction of J. curcas seed. Although it contains a high amount of protein, it has phorbol esters and anti-nutritional factors such as phytate, trypsin inhibitor, lectin and saponin. It cannot be applied directly in the food or animal feed industries. This investigation was aimed at detoxifying the toxic and anti-nutritional compounds in J. curcas seed cake by fermentation with Bacillus spp. Two GRAS (generally recognized as safe) Bacillus strains used in the study were Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis with solid-state and submerged fermentations. Solid-state fermentation was done on 10 g of seed cake with a moisture content of 70% for 7 days, while submerged fermentation was carried out on 10 g of seed cake in 100 ml distilled water for 5 days. The fermentations were incubated at the optimum condition of each strain. After fermentation, bacterial growth, pH, toxic and anti-nutritional compounds were determined. Results showed that B. licheniformis with submerged fermentation were the most effective method to degrade toxic and anti-nutritional compounds in the seed cake. After fermentation, phorbol esters, phytate and trypsin inhibitor were reduced by 62%, 42% and 75%, respectively, while lectin could not be eliminated. The reduction of phorbol esters, phytate and trypsin inhibitor was related to esterase, phytase and protease activities, respectively. J. curcas seed cake could be mainly detoxified by bacterial fermentation and the high-protein fermented seed cake could be potentially applied to animal feed.
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44
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Geng B, Wang M, Qi W, Su R, He Z. Cinnamyl acetate synthesis by lipase-catalyzed transesterification in a solvent-free system. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2012; 59:270-5. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Graebin NG, Martins AB, Lorenzoni ASG, Garcia-Galan C, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Ayub MAZ, Rodrigues RC. Immobilization of lipase B from Candida antarctica on porous styrene-divinylbenzene beads improves butyl acetate synthesis. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:406-12. [PMID: 22271615 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new biocatalyst of lipase B from Candida antarctica (MCI-CALB) immobilized on styrene-divinylbenzene beads (MCI GEL CHP20P) was compared with the commercial Novozym 435 (immobilized lipase) in terms of their performances as biocatalysts for the esterification of acetic acid and n-butanol. The effects of experimental conditions on reaction rates differed for each biocatalyst, showing different optimal values for water content, temperature, and substrate molar ratio. MCI-CALB could be used at higher acid concentrations, up to 0.5 M, while Novozym 435 became inactivated at these acid concentrations. Although Novozym 435 exhibited 30% higher initial activity than MCI-CALB for the butyl acetate synthesis, the reaction course was much more linear using the new preparation, meaning that the MCI-CALB allows for higher productivities per cycle. Both preparations produced around 90% of yield conversions after only 2 h of reaction, using 10% (mass fraction) of enzyme. However, the main advantage of the new biocatalyst was the superior performance during reuse. While Novozym 435 was fully inactivated after only two batches, MCI-CALB could be reused for six consecutive cycles without any washings and keeping around 70% of its initial activity. It is proposed that this effect is due to the higher hydrophobicity of the new support, which does not retain water or acid in the enzyme environment. MCI-CALB has shown to be a very promising biocatalyst for the esterification of small-molecule acids and alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália G Graebin
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Lab, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State, Av. Bento Gonçalves, ZC 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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46
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Martins AB, Graebin NG, Lorenzoni AS, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Ayub MA, Rodrigues RC. Rapid and high yields of synthesis of butyl acetate catalyzed by Novozym 435: Reaction optimization by response surface methodology. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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47
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Dutta K, Dasu VV. Synthesis of short chain alkyl esters using cutinase from Burkholderia cepacia NRRL B2320. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Torres S, Pandey A, Castro GR. Organic solvent adaptation of Gram positive bacteria: Applications and biotechnological potentials. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:442-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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49
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Poly(styrene–divinylbenzene) beads surface functionalized with di-block polymer grafting and multi-modal ligand attachment: performance of reversibly immobilized lipase in ester synthesis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2011; 34:735-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-011-0523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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50
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Liaquat M. Optimized synthesis of (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl caproate using germinated rapeseed lipase in organic solvent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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