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Weber AM, Ibrahim H, Baxter BA, Kumar R, Maurya AK, Kumar D, Agarwal R, Raina K, Ryan EP. Integrated Microbiota and Metabolite Changes following Rice Bran Intake during Murine Inflammatory Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer and in Colorectal Cancer Survivors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2231. [PMID: 37190160 PMCID: PMC10136752 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary rice bran-mediated inhibition of colon carcinogenesis was demonstrated previously for carcinogen-induced rodent models via multiple anti-cancer mechanisms. This study investigated the role of dietary rice bran-mediated changes to fecal microbiota and metabolites over the time course of colon carcinogenesis and compared murine fecal metabolites to human stool metabolic profiles following rice bran consumption by colorectal cancer survivors (NCT01929122). Forty adult male BALB/c mice were subjected to azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis and randomized to control AIN93M (n = 20) or diets containing 10% w/w heat-stabilized rice bran (n = 20). Feces were serially collected for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics. Fecal microbiota richness and diversity was increased in mice and humans with dietary rice bran treatment. Key drivers of differential bacterial abundances from rice bran intake in mice included Akkermansia, Lactococcus, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacterium xylanophilum. Murine fecal metabolomics revealed 592 biochemical identities with notable changes to fatty acids, phenolics, and vitamins. Monoacylglycerols, dihydroferulate, 2-hydroxyhippurate (salicylurate), ferulic acid 4-sulfate, and vitamin B6 and E isomers significantly differed between rice bran- and control-fed mice. The kinetics of murine metabolic changes by the host and gut microbiome following rice bran consumption complemented changes observed in humans for apigenin, N-acetylhistamine, and ethylmalonate in feces. Increased enterolactone abundance is a novel diet-driven microbial metabolite fecal biomarker following rice bran consumption in mice and humans from this study. Dietary rice bran bioactivity via gut microbiome metabolism in mice and humans contributes to protection against colorectal cancer. The findings from this study provide compelling support for rice bran in clinical and public health guidelines for colorectal cancer prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika M. Weber
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Hend Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Bridget A. Baxter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Robin Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Akhilendra K. Maurya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Lu S, Li J, Xu M, Mu Y, Wen Y, Li H, Wang J, Sun B. The textural properties of cooked convenience rice upon repeated freeze-thaw treatments are largely affected by water mobility at grain level. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112254. [PMID: 36596165 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Brown rice (BR) is a promising source for convenience rice that are mostly stored frozen. However, freezing and thawing may cause deterioration in rice texture quality. To investigate how rice texture is influenced by freeze-thaw cycles, BR, the pretreated BR with partially ruptured bran layer (UER) and white rice (WR) were cooked and treated with repeated freeze-thaw cycles, with their textural properties, variations in moisture distribution and starch structure being measured. Results showed that the repeated freeze-thaw treatment induced a progressive reduction in hardness and stickiness of all cooked rice. The reduced hardness of rice could be explained by the enlarged pore size of starch inside rice under scanning electron microscopy. Moisture migration in WR was the fastest responding to multiply freeze-thaw cycles, followed by UER, while water mobility in BR was slowest. Moreover, WR, BR and UER resulted in a similar extent of amylopectin retrogradation and chains length distribution after repeated freeze-thaw cycles. It indicated similar and minor effect of starch variations on determining the texture of different rice samples against freeze-thawing. Water mobility tended to be a main factor leading to the textural difference of fully gelatinized rice samples. This study focused on the relationship between water distribution and starch retrogradation, providing a better understanding on influences of multiple freeze-thawing on textural quality of cooked rice maintaining different extents of surface layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Minghao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yifan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yangyang Wen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
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Kumar S, Baniwal P, Nayik GA, Prasad K, Khan KA, Ghramh HA, Kumar H, Karabagias IK. Optimization and Development of Ready to Eat Chocolate Coated Roasted Flaked Rice as Instant Breakfast Food. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071658. [PMID: 34359528 PMCID: PMC8305464 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to optimize and develop ready-to-eat rice-based functional breakfast food using response surface methodology. The levels of ingredients viz. skim milk powder, guar gum, and ferrous sulfate were pre-optimized and remained constant, whereas jaggery and dark chocolate were taken as independent variables. The optimum levels of jaggery and dark chocolate for chocolate-coated roasted flaked rice (CCRFR) were 8.49 g and 25.43 g, respectively. The physical, pasting, textural, functional, morphological, optical, and sensory characteristics of CCRFR and uncoated roasted flaked rice (RFR) were also studied. CCRFR had significantly higher mineral (iron and calcium) and total polyphenolic contents. Furthermore, the dimensional, sensory, and functional properties were also improved. The changes in morphological structure were also observed between the CCRFR and uncoated product using scanning electron microscopy. The coating adds nutritional value to the roasted rice and renders it an essential functional RTE convenience gluten-free cereal breakfast item.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Longowal 148106, India; (S.K.); (P.B.)
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Poonam Baniwal
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Longowal 148106, India; (S.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Gulzar Ahmad Nayik
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Government Degree College, Shopian 192303, India;
| | - Kamlesh Prasad
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Longowal 148106, India; (S.K.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (I.K.K.)
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.K.); (H.A.G.)
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed A. Ghramh
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.K.); (H.A.G.)
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India;
| | - Ioannis Konstantinos Karabagias
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (I.K.K.)
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High-temperature air fluidization improves cooking and eating quality and storage stability of brown rice. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhang B, Xu Y, Liu S, Lv H, Hu Y, Wang Y, Li Z, Wang J, Ji X, Ma H, Wang X, Wang S. Dietary Supplementation of Foxtail Millet Ameliorates Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer in Mice via Activation of Gut Receptors and Suppression of the STAT3 Pathway. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082367. [PMID: 32784751 PMCID: PMC7468867 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coarse cereal intake has been reported to be associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer. However, evidence from intervention studies is absent and the molecular basis of this phenomenon remains largely unexplored. This study sought to investigate the effects of foxtail millet and rice, two common staple grains in Asia, on the progression of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) and define the mechanism involved. In total, 40 BALB/c mice were randomized into four groups. The Normal and azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) groups were supplied with an AIN-93G diet, while the millet- and rice-treated groups were supplied with a modified AIN-93G diet. Compared to the AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice supplemented with rice, an increased survival rate, suppressed tumor burden, and reduced disease activity index were observed in the millet-treated group. The levels of IL-6 and IL-17 were decreased in the millet-treated group compared to both the AOM/DSS and AOM/DSS + rice groups. Millet treatment inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 and the related signaling proteins involved in cell proliferation, survival and angiogenesis. These beneficial effects were mediated by the activation of gut receptors AHR and GPCRs via the microbial metabolites (indole derivates and short-chain fatty acids) of foxtail millet. Moreover, millet-treatment increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroidales_S24-7 compared to the rice-treated mice. This study could help researchers to develop better dietary patterns that work against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and for CAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (B.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (H.M.)
| | - Yingchuan Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (B.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (H.M.)
| | - Shuang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (B.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (H.M.)
| | - Huan Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (B.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (H.M.)
| | - Yaozhong Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (B.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (H.M.)
| | - Yaya Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (B.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (H.M.)
| | - Zhi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (B.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (H.M.)
| | - Jin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (B.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (H.M.)
| | - Xuemeng Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (B.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (H.M.)
| | - Hui Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (B.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (H.M.)
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China;
- Shanxi Functional Food Research Institute, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (B.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-22-85358445
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Mir SA, Shah MA, Bosco SJD, Sunooj KV, Farooq S. A review on nutritional properties, shelf life, health aspects, and consumption of brown rice in comparison with white rice. Cereal Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad Mir
- Department of Food Science & Technology Government College for Women Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir India
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Shah
- Department of Food Science & Technology Government PG College for Women Gandhi Nagar Jammu & Kashmir India
| | - S. John Don Bosco
- Department of Food Science and Technology Pondicherry University Puducherry India
| | | | - Saqib Farooq
- Department of Food Technology Islamic University of Science & Technology Awantipora Jammu & Kashmir India
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Song JL, Lee JS, Kim HY, Jeong BJ, Jeong JS, Huh TG, Park KY. Dietary Mixed Cereal Grains Ameliorate the Azoxymethane and Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colonic Carcinogenesis in C57BL/6J Mice. J Med Food 2020; 23:440-452. [PMID: 32186945 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemopreventive effects of various mixed cereal grain (MCG) samples on azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg/kg) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, 0.02 g/mL)-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) in C57BL/6J mice were studied. The main MCG preparation consisted of fermented brown rice (FBR), glutinous brown rice, glutinous Sorghum bicolor, glutinous Panicum miliaceum, Coix lacryma-jobi, and black soybean at an appropriate mixing ratio. Other MCG preparations contained rice coated with 5% Phellinus linteus and 5% Curcuma longa (MCG-PC) or 10% Phellinus linteus (MCG-P) or 10% Curcuma longa (MCG-C). Consumption of dietary MCG-PC by CRC mice significantly increased colon length, decreased the ratio of colon weight to length, and reduced the number of colon tumors. Similar effects, although to a lower extent, were observed in CRC mice fed with MCG-P, followed by those fed with MCG-C, MCG, FBR, or white rice. MCG-PC significantly suppressed colonic neoplasia and decreased the levels of various cytokines (tumor necrosis factor: Tnf, interleukin 1 beta: Il1b, interleukin 6: Il6, and interferon gamma: Ifnγ) in serum and colon tissue of the CRC mice. In addition, MCG-PC increased the mRNA expressions of tumor suppressor protein p53 (Tp53) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (Cdkn1a), activated pro-apoptotic caspase 3 (Casp3), and reduced expressions of both mRNA and protein of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2), and cyclin D1 (Ccnd1) in colon tissue. These findings suggest that compared with other cereal grain preparations, MCG-PC had a greater activity against AOM/DSS-induced CRC by reducing intestinal inflammation and modulating the expression of certain carcinogenesis related factors (Nos2, Ptgs2, Tp53, Cdkn1a, Ccnd1, and Casp3) in colon tissue of CRC mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Le Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jung-Sook Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hee-Young Kim
- Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Kun-Young Park
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam, South Korea
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Saleh ASM, Wang P, Wang N, Yang L, Xiao Z. Brown Rice Versus White Rice: Nutritional Quality, Potential Health Benefits, Development of Food Products, and Preservation Technologies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1070-1096. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. M. Saleh
- College of Grain Science and TechnologyShenyang Normal Univ. Shenyang 110034 Liaoning China
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of AgricultureAssiut Univ. Assiut 71526 Egypt
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Grain Science and TechnologyShenyang Normal Univ. Shenyang 110034 Liaoning China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Grain Science and TechnologyShenyang Normal Univ. Shenyang 110034 Liaoning China
| | - Liu Yang
- College of Grain Science and TechnologyShenyang Normal Univ. Shenyang 110034 Liaoning China
| | - Zhigang Xiao
- College of Grain Science and TechnologyShenyang Normal Univ. Shenyang 110034 Liaoning China
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Bioactive compounds from by-products of rice cultivation and rice processing: Extraction and application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lin P, Li S, Lin H, Shih C. Germinated brown rice combined with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis inhibits colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:216-224. [PMID: 30680175 PMCID: PMC6341155 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a common cancer strongly associated with diet. Certain probiotics and prebiotics possess an inhibitory activity against colorectal cancer, while synbiotics may be more effective in preventing this cancer than either prebiotics or probiotics alone. Germinated brown rice (GBR) is considered as a candidate prebiotics with anticancer potential. However, the effect of GBR combined with probiotics on colorectal cancer is not clear. The present study investigated the preventive effect of combination of GBR and Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, or both on colorectal carcinogenesis and the possible mechanism in rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). DMH/DSS treatment induced preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and mucin-depleted foci (MDF), reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression, and decreased the expression of pro-apoptotic p53, Bax, and caspase-3 in the colon. Germinated brown rice alone or combined with probiotics inhibited the formation of MDF in the middle colon, enhanced the colonic expression of p53 and Bax, and increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Combined treatment of GBR and probiotics inhibited the formation of ACF-producing sialomucin (SIM-ACF) and recovered the activity of SOD in the colon. Combination of GBR and L. acidophilus further increased caspase-3 expression and decreased Bcl-2 expression. These findings suggest that GBR combined with L. acidophilus and/or B. animalis subsp. lactis may inhibit colorectal carcinogenesis by enhancing antioxidative capacity and inducing apoptosis. This synbiotics may be a potential functional food or chemopreventive agent for controlling colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao‐Ying Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineTaipei Medical University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineSchool of MedicineCollege of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Sing‐Chung Li
- School of Nutrition and Health SciencesCollege of NutritionTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hui‐Pu Lin
- School of Nutrition and Health SciencesCollege of NutritionTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chun‐Kuang Shih
- School of Nutrition and Health SciencesCollege of NutritionTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- School of Food SafetyCollege of NutritionTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Master Program in Food SafetyCollege of NutritionTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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Um MY, Kim S, Jin YH, Yoon M, Yang H, Lee J, Jung J, Urade Y, Huang ZL, Kwon S, Cho S. A novel neurological function of rice bran: a standardized rice bran supplement promotes non-rapid eye movement sleep in mice through histamine H 1 receptors. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28722302 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Although rice bran has been shown to be associated with a wide spectrum of health benefits, to date, there are no reports on its effects on sleep. We investigated the effect of rice bran on sleep and the mechanism underlying this effect. METHODS AND RESULTS Electroencephalography was used to evaluate the effects of standardized rice bran supplement (RBS) and doxepin hydrochloride (DH), a histamine H1 receptor (H1 R) antagonist used as a positive control, on sleep in mice. The mechanism of RBS action was investigated using knockout (KO) mice and ex vivo electrophysiological recordings. Oral administration of RBS and DH significantly decreased sleep latency and increased the amount of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) in mice. Similar to DH, RBS fully inhibited H1 R agonist-induced increase in action potential frequency in tuberomammillary nucleus neurons. In H1 R KO mice, neither RBS nor DH administration led to the increase in NREMS and decrease in sleep latency observed in WT mice. These results indicate that the sleep-promoting effect of RBS is completely dependent on H1 R antagonism. CONCLUSIONS RBS decreases sleep latency and promotes NREMS through the inhibition of H1 R, suggesting that it could be a promising therapeutic agent for insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Um
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojin Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Jin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Yoon
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Yang
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Jung
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoshihiro Urade
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sangoh Kwon
- S&D Research and Development Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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12
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Scientific Evidence of Rice By-Products for Cancer Prevention: Chemopreventive Properties of Waste Products from Rice Milling on Carcinogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9017902. [PMID: 28210630 PMCID: PMC5292171 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9017902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a significant global health concern affecting men and women worldwide. Although current chemopreventive drugs could inhibit the growth of cancer cells, they exert many adverse side effects. Dietary factor plays a crucial role in the management of cancers and has drawn the attention of researchers to be used as an option to combat this disease. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that rice and its by-products display encouraging results in the prevention of this disease. The mechanism of anticancer effect is suggested partly through potentiation of bioactive compounds like vitamin E, phytic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), γ-oryzanol, and phenolics. Nevertheless, the bioactivity of rice and its by-products is still incompletely understood. In this review, we present the findings from a preclinical study both in in vitro and in animal experiments on the promising role of rice by-products with focus on cancer prevention.
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Chemopreventive Effects of Germinated Rough Rice Crude Extract in Inhibiting Azoxymethane-Induced Aberrant Crypt Foci Formation in Sprague-Dawley Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9517287. [PMID: 28116312 PMCID: PMC5237724 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9517287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemoprevention has become an important area in cancer research due to low success rate of current therapeutic modalities. Diet plays a vital role in the etiology of cancer. This research was carried out to study the chemopreventive properties of germinated rough rice (GRR) crude extract in Sprague-Dawley rats induced with azoxymethane. Germination of rough rice causes significant changes in several chemical compositions of presently bioactive compounds. These compounds may prevent or postpone the inception of cancer. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks of age) were randomly divided into 5 groups which were (G1) induced with azoxymethane (AOM) and not given GRR (positive control), (G2) induced with AOM and given 2000 mg/kg GRR, (G3) induced with AOM and given 1000 mg/kg GRR, (G4) induced with AOM and given 500 mg/kg GRR, and (G5) not induced with AOM and not given GRR crude extract (negative control). To induce colon cancer, rats received two IP injections of AOM in saline (15 mg/kg) for two subsequent weeks. Organs were removed and weighed. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were evaluated histopathologically. β-Catenin expressions were determined by Western blot. Treatment with 2000 mg/kg GRR crude extract not only resulted in the greatest reduction in the size and number of ACF but also displayed the highest percentage of nondysplastic ACF. Treatment with 2000 mg/kg GRR also gave the lowest level of expression in β-catenin. Thus, GRR could be a promising dietary supplement for prevention of CRC.
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Suwannakul N, Punvittayagul C, Jarukamjorn K, Wongpoomchai R. Purple rice bran extract attenuates the aflatoxin B1-induced initiation stage of hepatocarcinogenesis by alteration of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:3371-6. [PMID: 25921147 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.8.3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigmented rice bran has been suggested to be a valuable source of beneficial phytochemicals. We investigated genotoxic and anti-genotoxic effects of purple rice bran extract (PRBE) in rats using a liver micronucleus assay. Purple rice bran was extracted with methanol, obtaining large amounts of phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins and small amounts of gamma-oryzanol. The experimental protocols were divided into two sets. Male rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 was a negative control, while Groups 2 and 3 were fed with 100 and 500 mg/kg bw of PRBE, respectively, for 28 days. PRBE had no effect on micronucleus formation or xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. Experiments concerning the effect of PRBE on AFB1 showed that PRBE significantly lessened the amount of micronucleated hepatocytes in AFB1 treated rats. Furthermore, it modulated metabolic activation of AFB1 metabolism in the liver by suppressing activity and protein expression of CYP1A2, CYP3A and CYP 450 reductase, and enhancing phase II enzymes including GST and UGT. Overall, purple rice bran extract was not genotoxic in rats. It exhibited anti-genotoxicity by modulation some xenobiotic enzymes active in AFB1 metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattawan Suwannakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand E-mail :
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Srichamnong W, Thiyajai P, Charoenkiatkul S. Conventional steaming retains tocols and γ-oryzanol better than boiling and frying in the jasmine rice variety Khao dok mali 105. Food Chem 2016; 191:113-9. [PMID: 26258709 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of various cooking methods on the white rice (WR), brown rice (BR) and parboiled geminated brown rice (PGBR) of the same variety, focusing on γ-oryzanol and tocols. The methods used for analysis of γ-oryzanol and tocols included solvent extraction and HPLC. The results indicated that PGBR had a higher content of γ-oryzanol and tocols compared to BR and WR, when different cooking methods (raw, steamed, boiled and fried) were used. Steaming method retained the higher γ-oryzanol content (53.6-62.2mg/100g) in both PGBR and BR, in comparison with boiling (53.0-60.6mg/100g) and frying (23.4-31.5mg/100g) methods. Frying reduced the γ-oryzanol content significantly regardless of the rice type. Regarding tocols, a similar trend was noticed in all the methods studied. Tocotrienol was the most abundant tocol found in PGBR and BR. Therefore, steaming is the best cooking method to preserved most of the bioactive compounds; however, a slight increase in total tocols was observed after frying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warangkana Srichamnong
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Phuttamonton, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Parunya Thiyajai
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Phuttamonton, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Somsri Charoenkiatkul
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Phuttamonton, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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Albarracín M, Weisstaub AR, Zuleta A, Drago SR. Extruded whole grain diets based on brown, soaked and germinated rice. Effects on the lipid profile and antioxidant status of growing Wistar rats. Part II. Food Funct 2016; 7:2729-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00208k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of whole grain (WG) rice based diets on the lipid profile and antioxidant status was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Albarracín
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química
- UNL
- Santa Fe
- Argentina
| | - Adriana R. Weisstaub
- Departamento de Bromatología y Nutrición
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- UBA
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Angela Zuleta
- Departamento de Bromatología y Nutrición
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- UBA
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Silvina R. Drago
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química
- UNL
- Santa Fe
- Argentina
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Choi JS, Cheon EJ, Kim TU, Moon WS, Kim JW, Kim MR. Genotoxicity of rice bran oil extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 37:1963-70. [PMID: 25451845 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rice bran oil extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction (RB-SCE) reportedly exhibits pharmacological activities such as antioxidant and in vivo hair growth-inducing effects. Such activities raise the possibility of the development of novel hair growth-inducing agents using RB-SCE. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential genotoxic effects of RB-SCE in three short-term mutagenicity assays (bacterial reverse mutation assay, in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test, and in vivo micronucleus assay). RB-SCE showed no genotoxicity in the bacterial reverse mutation assay up to 5000 mg/plate and in the in vivo micronucleus test up to 600 mg/kg body weight. However, at 120 µg/mL with S9 mix and 200 µg/mL without S9 mix RB-SCE showed significantly different genotoxicity than the negative control in the in vitro chromosome aberration test. The induction of chromosomal aberrations under the present conditions may have no biological significance. We have herein demonstrated that RB-SCE can be regarded as a non-genotoxic material based on the available in vivo and in vitro results.
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Tan BL, Norhaizan ME, Huynh K, Heshu SR, Yeap SK, Hazilawati H, Roselina K. Water extract of brewers' rice induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells via activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8 and downregulates the Wnt/β-catenin downstream signaling pathway in brewers' rice-treated rats with azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:205. [PMID: 26122204 PMCID: PMC4487214 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brewers' rice, is locally known as temukut, is a mixture of broken rice, rice bran, and rice germ. The current study is an extension of our previous work, which demonstrated that water extract of brewers' rice (WBR) induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cells. We also identified that brewers' rice was effective in reducing the tumor incidence and multiplicity in azoxymethane (AOM)-injected colon cancer rats. Our present study was designed to identify whether WBR confers an inhibitory effect via the regulation of upstream components in the Wnt signaling pathway in HT-29 cells. To further determine whether the in vitro mechanisms of action observed in the HT-29 cells inhibit the downstream signaling target of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, we evaluated the mechanistic action of brewers' rice in regulating the expressions and key protein markers during colon carcinogenesis in male Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS The mRNA levels of several upstream-related genes in the Wnt signaling pathway in HT-29 cells treated with WBR were determined by quantitative real-time PCR analyses. Caspase-3 and -8 were evaluated using a colorimetric assay. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered two intraperitoneal injections of AOM in saline (15 mg/kg body weight) over a two-week period and received with 10, 20, and 40% (w/w) brewers' rice. The expressions and protein levels of cyclin D1 and c-myc were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS The overall analyses revealed that the treatment of HT-29 cells with WBR inhibited Wnt signaling activity through upregulation of the casein kinase 1 (CK1) and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mRNA levels. We discovered that the treatment of HT-29 cells with WBR resulted in the induction of apoptosis by the significant activation of caspase-3 and -8 activities compared with the control (P < 0.05). In vivo analyses indicated that brewers' rice diminished the β-catenin, cyclin D1, and c-myc protein levels. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that brewers' rice can induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of HT-29 cells through regulation of caspase-dependent pathways and inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin downstream signaling pathway in vivo. We suggest that brewers' rice may be a useful dietary agent for colorectal cancer.
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Lee JS, Song JL, Kil JH, Jeong BJ, Jeong JS, Huh TG, Park KY. Protective Effects of Phellinus linteus and Curry-Added Cooked Mixed Grain Rice Extracts on Oxidative Stress-Induced LLC-PK1 Cell Damage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.11.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Saad N, Esa NM, Ithnin H. Suppression of β-catenin and cyclooxygenase-2 expression and cell proliferation in azoxymethane-induced colonic cancer in rats by rice bran phytic acid (PA). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:3093-9. [PMID: 23803085 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.5.3093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytic acid (PA) is a polyphosphorylated carbohydrate that can be found in high amounts in most cereals, legumes, nut oil, seeds and soy beans. It has been suggested to play a significant role in inhibition of colorectal cancer. This study was conducted to investigate expression changes of β-catenin and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cell proliferation in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence after treatment with rice bran PA by immunocytochemistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 equal groups with 12 rats in each group. For cancer induction two intraperitoneal injections of azoxymethane (AOM) were given at 15 mg/kg bodyweight over a 2-weeks period. During the post initiation phase, two different concentrations of PA, 0.2% (w/v) and 0.5% (w/v) were administered in the diet. RESULTS Results of β-catenin, COX-2 expressions and cell proliferation of Ki-67 showed a significant contribution in colonic cancer progression. For β-catenin and COX-2 expression, there was a significant difference between groups at p<0.05. With Ki-67, there was a statistically significant lowering the proliferating index as compared to AOM alone (p<0.05). A significant positive correlation (p=0.01) was noted between COX-2 expression and proliferation. Total β-catenin also demonstrated a significant positive linear relationship with total COX-2 (p=0.044). CONCLUSIONS This study indicated potential value of PA extracted from rice bran in reducing colonic cancer risk in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norazalina Saad
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
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Tan BL, Esa NM, Rahman HS, Hamzah H, Karim R. Brewers' rice induces apoptosis in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats via suppression of cell proliferation and the Wnt signaling pathway. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:304. [PMID: 25129221 PMCID: PMC4147160 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Brewers’ rice is locally known as temukut, is a byproduct of the rice milling process, and consists of broken rice, rice bran, and rice germ. Unlike rice bran, the health benefit of brewers’ rice has yet to be fully studied. Our present study aimed to identify the chemopreventive potential of brewers’ rice with colonic tumor formation and to examine further the mechanistic action of brewers’ rice during colon carcinogenesis. Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: (G1) normal; (G2) azoxymethane (AOM) alone; and (G3), (G4), and (G5), which were AOM fed with 10%, 20%, and 40% (w/w) of brewers’ rice, respectively. Rats in group 2 to 5 were injected intraperitoneally with AOM (15 mg/kg body weight) once weekly for two weeks. Colon tumor incidence and multiplicity was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The expression of β-catenin, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and Ki-67 was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. The apoptosis-inducing activity was analyzed using a TUNEL assay. The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with P-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results Overall analyses revealed that brewers’ rice reduced colon tumor incidence and multiplicity. The results from immunohistochemistry analysis also showed that brewers’ rice decreased the expression of β-catenin, COX-2, and Ki-67 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, TUNEL analysis demonstrated that administration of brewers’ rice in AOM-induced rat colorectal cancer resulted in a dose-dependent increase in cell apoptosis. Conclusions Taken together, our data suggested that brewers’ rice can inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and suppress COX-2 and β-catenin expression via the Wnt signaling pathway and holds great promise in the field of chemoprevention as a dietary agent.
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Morales-Martínez LE, Bello-Pérez LA, Sánchez-Rivera MM, Ventura-Zapata E, Jiménez-Aparicio AR. Morphometric, Physicochemical, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) Cultivars <i>Indica × Japonica</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2014.53034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Puangpraphant S, Dia VP, de Mejia EG, Garcia G, Berhow MA, Wallig MA. Yerba mate tea and mate saponins prevented azoxymethane-induced inflammation of rat colon through suppression of NF-κB p65ser(311) signaling via IκB-α and GSK-3β reduced phosphorylation. Biofactors 2013; 39:430-40. [PMID: 23554136 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Yerba mate tea (YMT) has a chemopreventive role in a variety of inflammatory diseases. The objective was to determine the capability of YMT and mate saponins to prevent azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic inflammation in rats. YMT (2% dry leaves, w/v, as a source of drinking fluid) (n = 15) and mate saponins (0.01% in the diet, at a concentration present in one cup of YMT) (n = 15) were given ad libitum to rats 2 weeks prior to AOM-injection until the end of the study; while control rats (n = 15) received a basal diet and drinking water. After 8-weeks of study, total colonic mucosa was scraped (n = 3 rats/group) and the remaining colons (n =12 rats/group) were cut into three equal sections and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were analyzed. YMT reduced ACF formation from 113 (control group) to 89 (P < 0.05). YMT and mate saponins reduced the expression of proinflammatory molecules COX-2 and iNOS with concomitant reduction in p-p65 (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis of the formalin-fixed middle colons showed that YMT and mate saponins reduced the expression of p-p65(ser311) by 45.7% and 43.1%, respectively, in comparison to the control (P < 0.05). In addition, the expression of molecules upstream of NF-κB such as p-IκB-α and p-GSK-3β(Y216) was downregulated by YMT 24.7% and 24.4%, respectively (P < 0.05). Results suggest the mechanism involved in the chemopreventive effect of YMT and mate saponin consumption in AOM induced-colonic inflammation in rats is through inhibition of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirima Puangpraphant
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Payathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Forster GM, Raina K, Kumar A, Kumar S, Agarwal R, Chen MH, Bauer JE, McClung AM, Ryan EP. Rice varietal differences in bioactive bran components for inhibition of colorectal cancer cell growth. Food Chem 2013; 141:1545-52. [PMID: 23790950 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rice bran chemical profiles differ across rice varieties and have not yet been analysed for differential chemopreventive bioactivity. A diverse panel of seven rice bran varieties was analysed for growth inhibition of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Inhibition varied from 0% to 99%, depending on the variety of bran used. Across varieties, total lipid content ranged 5-16%, individual fatty acids had 1.4- to 1.9-fold differences, vitamin E isoforms (α-, γ-, δ-tocotrienols, and tocopherols) showed 1.3- to 15.2-fold differences, and differences in γ-oryzanol and total phenolics ranged between 100-275ng/mg and 57-146ngGAE/mg, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis was used to identify bioactive compounds implicated in CRC cell growth inhibitory activity. Total phenolics and γ-tocotrienol were positively correlated with reduced CRC cell growth (p<0.05). Stoichiometric variation in rice bran components and differential effects on CRC viability merit further evaluation elucidate their role in dietary CRC chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve M Forster
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 1681 Campus Delivery Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
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Dutta H, Mahanta CL. Effect of hydrothermal treatment varying in time and pressure on the properties of parboiled rices with different amylose content. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sivagami G, Karthikkumar V, Balasubramanian T, Nalini N. The modulatory influence of p-methoxycinnamic acid, an active rice bran phenolic acid, against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced lipid peroxidation, antioxidant status and aberrant crypt foci in rat colon carcinogenesis. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 196:11-22. [PMID: 22326950 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the chemopreventive effect of p-methoxycinnamic acid (p-MCA), an active phenolic acid of rice bran, turmeric, and Kaemperfia galanga against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon carcinogenesis. Male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 consisted of control rats that received a modified pellet diet and 0.1% carboxymethyl cellulose. The rats in Group 2 received a modified pellet diet supplemented with p-MCA [80 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) post-orally (p.o.)] everyday. The rats in Groups 3-6 received 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) (20 mg/kg b.wt.) via subcutaneous injections once a week for the first 4 weeks; additionally, the rats in Groups 4, 5 and 6 received p-MCA at doses of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg b.wt./day p.o., respectively, everyday for 16 weeks. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the experimental period of 16 weeks. The DMH-treated rats exhibited an increased incidence of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) development; an increased crypt multiplicity; decreased concentrations of tissue lipid peroxidation markers such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes (CD) and lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH); decreased levels of tissue enzymic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR); and decreased levels of non-enzymic antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH) and vitamins C, E and A in the colon. Supplementation with p-MCA significantly reversed these changes and significantly inhibited the formation of ACF and its multiplicity. Thus, our findings demonstrate that p-MCA exerts a strong chemopreventive activity against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis by virtue of its ability to prevent the alterations in DMH-induced circulatory and tissue oxidative stress and preneoplastic changes. p-MCA was more effective when administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg b.wt. than at the other two doses tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunasekaran Sivagami
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002 Tamilnadu, India
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