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Development of an Escherichia coli whole cell biocatalyst for the production of hyperoside. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:1073-1080. [PMID: 35920962 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To produce high concentrations of hyperoside from quercetin using recombinant Escherichia coli with in situ regeneration of UDP-galactose. RESULTS Sucrose synthase from Glycine max (GmSUS) was co-expressed with UDP-glucose epimerase from E. coli (GalE) in E. coli for regenerating UDP-galactose from UDP and sucrose. Glycosyltransferase from Petunia hybrida (PhUGT) was introduced to synthesize hyperoside from quercetin through the regeneration system of UDP-galactose. Co-expressing with molecular chaperones GroEL/ES successfully enhanced the catalytic efficiency of the recombinant strain, which assisted the soluble expression of PhUGT. By using a fed-batch approach, the production of hyperoside reached 863.7 mg L-1 with a corresponding molar conversion of 93.6% and a specific productivity of 72.5 mg L-1 h-1. CONCLUSION The method described herein for hyperoside production can be widely applied for the synthesis of isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, kaempferol-3-O-galactoside and other flavonoids.
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2
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Hoqani UA, León R, Purton S. Over-expression of a cyanobacterial gene for 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii perturbs chlorophyll: carotenoid ratios. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY. SCIENCE 2022; 34:None. [PMID: 35923766 PMCID: PMC9329130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids are a diverse class of naturally occurring compounds consisting of more than 50,000 structurally different molecules and are found in all living organisms. Many terpenoid compounds, in particular those isolated from plants, have applications in various commercial sectors including medicine, agriculture and cosmetics. However, these high value terpenoids are produced in relatively small quantities in their natural hosts and their chemical synthesis for large scale production is costly and complicated. Therefore, there is much focus on producing these compounds in novel biological hosts using metabolic engineering technologies. As a photosynthetic system, the unicellular green alga C. reinhardtii is of particular interest as the most well-studied model alga with well-established molecular tools for genetic manipulation. However, the direct manipulation of terpenoid biosynthetic pathways in C. reinhardtii necessitates a thorough understanding of the basic terpenoid metabolism. To gain a better understanding of the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway that leads to terpenoid biosynthesis in the chloroplast of C. reinhardtii, hence this study has investigated the effect of over-expressing 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) on plastidic downstream terpenoids. We produced marker-free chloroplast transformants of C. reinhardtii lines that express an additional cyanobacterial gene for DXS. The analysis of terpenoid content for the transgenic line demonstrates that overexpressing DXS resulted in a two-fold decrease in the chlorophyll levels while carotenoid levels showed variable changes: zeaxanthin and antherxanthin levels increased several-fold, lutein levels dropped to approximately half, but β-carotene and violaxanthin did not show a significant change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umaima Al Hoqani
- Applied Biology Section, Applied Sciences Department, Higher College of Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Al-Khuwair 133, Oman
- Algal Research Group, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa León
- Lab Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Dpto Química, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Huelva, Avda Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Saul Purton
- Algal Research Group, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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3
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Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for Hyperoside Biosynthesis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030628. [PMID: 35336203 PMCID: PMC8949062 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperoside (quercetin 3-O-galactoside) exhibits many biological functions, along with higher bioactivities than quercetin. In this study, three UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) were screened for efficient hyperoside synthesis from quercetin. The highest hyperoside production of 58.5 mg·L−1 was obtained in a recombinant Escherichia coli co-expressing UGT from Petunia hybrida (PhUGT) and UDP-glucose epimerase (GalE, a key enzyme catalyzing the conversion of UDP-glucose to UDP-galactose) from E. coli. When additional enzymes (phosphoglucomutase (Pgm) and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (GalU)) were introduced into the recombinant E. coli, the increased flux toward UDP-glucose synthesis led to enhanced UDP-galactose-derived hyperoside synthesis. The efficiency of the recombinant strain was further improved by increasing the copy number of the PhUGT, which is a limiting step in the bioconversion. Through the optimization of the fermentation conditions, the production of hyperoside increased from 245.6 to 411.2 mg·L−1. The production was also conducted using a substrate-fed batch fermentation, and the maximal hyperoside production was 831.6 mg·L−1, with a molar conversion ratio of 90.2% and a specific productivity of 27.7 mg·L−1·h−1 after 30 h of fermentation. The efficient hyperoside synthesis pathway described here can be used widely for the glycosylation of other flavonoids and bioactive substances.
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Feng Y, Yao M, Wang Y, Ding M, Zha J, Xiao W, Yuan Y. Advances in engineering UDP-sugar supply for recombinant biosynthesis of glycosides in microbes. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 41:107538. [PMID: 32222423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant glycosides are of great interest for industries. Glycosylation of plant secondary metabolites can greatly improve their solubility, biological activity, or stability. This allows some plant glycosides to be used as food additives, cosmetic products, health products, antisepsis and anti-cancer drugs. With the continuous expansion of market demand, a variety of biological fermentation technologies has emerged. This review focuses on recombinant microbial biosynthesis of plant glycosides, which uses UDP-sugars as precursors, and summarizes various strategies to increase the yield of glycosides with a key concentration on UDP-sugar supply based on four aspects, i.e., gene overexpression, UDP-sugar recycling, mixed fermentation, and carbon co-utilization. Meanwhile, the application potential and advantages of various techniques are introduced, which provide guidance to the development of high-yield strains for recombinant microbial production of plant glycosides. Finally, the technical challenges of glycoside biosynthesis are pointed out with discussions on future directions of improving the yield of recombinantly synthesized glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Feng
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingdong Yao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingzhu Ding
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jian Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Wenhai Xiao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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5
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Cao W, Ma W, Wang X, Zhang B, Cao X, Chen K, Li Y, Ouyang P. Enhanced pinocembrin production in Escherichia coli by regulating cinnamic acid metabolism. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32640. [PMID: 27586788 PMCID: PMC5009306 DOI: 10.1038/srep32640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biosynthesis of pinocembrin is of great interest in the area of drug research and human healthcare. Here we found that the accumulation of the pathway intermediate cinnamic acid adversely affected pinocembrin production. Hence, a stepwise metabolic engineering strategy was carried out aimed at eliminating this pathway bottleneck and increasing pinocembrin production. The screening of gene source and the optimization of gene expression was first employed to regulate the synthetic pathway of cinnamic acid, which showed a 3.53-fold increase in pinocembrin production (7.76 mg/L) occurred with the alleviation of cinnamic acid accumulation in the engineered E. coli. Then, the downstream pathway that consuming cinnamic acid was optimized by the site-directed mutagenesis of chalcone synthase and cofactor engineering. S165M mutant of chalcone synthase could efficiently improve the pinocembrin production, and allowed the product titer of pinocembrin increased to 40.05 mg/L coupled with the malonyl-CoA engineering. With a two-phase pH fermentation strategy, the cultivation of the optimized strain resulted in a final pinocembrin titer of 67.81 mg/L. The results and engineering strategies demonstrated here would hold promise for the titer improvement of other flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Weichao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China.,College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Xun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Kequan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
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Stepwise modular pathway engineering of Escherichia coli for efficient one-step production of (2S)-pinocembrin. J Biotechnol 2016; 231:183-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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A novel process for obtaining phenylpropanoic acid precursor using Escherichia coli with a constitutive expression system. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:795-801. [PMID: 30263338 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids are widely used in food supplements, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics with diverse benefits to human health. Trans-cinnamic acid or p-coumaric acid is usually used as the starting precursor to produce phenylpropanoids. Synthetic bioengineering of microbial cell factories offers a sustainable and flexible alternative method for obtaining these compounds. In this study, a constitutive expression system consisting of Rhodotorula glutinis phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia lyase was developed to produce a phenylpropanoic acid precursor in Escherichia coli. To improve trans-cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid production, BioBrick optimization was investigated, causing a 7.2- and 14.2-fold increase in the yield of these compounds, respectively. The optimum strain was capable of de novo producing 78.81 mg/L of trans-cinnamic acid and 34.67 mg/L of p-coumaric acid in a shake flask culture. The work presented here paves the way for the development of a sustainable and economical process for microbial production of a phenylpropanoic acid precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. O'Connor
- The John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom;
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De Bruyn F, Van Brempt M, Maertens J, Van Bellegem W, Duchi D, De Mey M. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli into a versatile glycosylation platform: production of bio-active quercetin glycosides. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:138. [PMID: 26377568 PMCID: PMC4573293 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Flavonoids are bio-active specialized plant metabolites which mainly occur as different glycosides. Due to the increasing market demand, various biotechnological approaches have been developed which use Escherichia coli as a microbial catalyst for the stereospecific glycosylation of flavonoids. Despite these efforts, most processes still display low production rates and titers, which render them unsuitable for large-scale applications. Results In this contribution, we expanded a previously developed in vivo glucosylation platform in E. coli W, into an efficient system for selective galactosylation and rhamnosylation. The rational of the novel metabolic engineering strategy constitutes of the introduction of an alternative sucrose metabolism in the form of a sucrose phosphorylase, which cleaves sucrose into fructose and glucose 1-phosphate as precursor for UDP-glucose. To preserve these intermediates for glycosylation purposes, metabolization reactions were knocked-out. Due to the pivotal role of UDP-glucose, overexpression of the interconverting enzymes galE and MUM4 ensured the formation of both UDP-galactose and UDP-rhamnose, respectively. By additionally supplying exogenously fed quercetin and overexpressing a flavonol galactosyltransferase (F3GT) or a rhamnosyltransferase (RhaGT), 0.94 g/L hyperoside (quercetin 3-O-galactoside) and 1.12 g/L quercitrin (quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside) could be produced, respectively. In addition, both strains showed activity towards other promising dietary flavonols like kaempferol, fisetin, morin and myricetin. Conclusions Two E. coli W mutants were engineered that could effectively produce the bio-active flavonol glycosides hyperoside and quercitrin starting from the cheap substrates sucrose and quercetin. This novel fermentation-based glycosylation strategy will allow the economically viable production of various glycosides. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-015-0326-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik De Bruyn
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Centre of Expertise-Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Maarten Van Brempt
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Centre of Expertise-Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jo Maertens
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Centre of Expertise-Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Wouter Van Bellegem
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Centre of Expertise-Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dries Duchi
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Centre of Expertise-Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marjan De Mey
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Centre of Expertise-Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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De Bruyn F, Maertens J, Beauprez J, Soetaert W, De Mey M. Biotechnological advances in UDP-sugar based glycosylation of small molecules. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:288-302. [PMID: 25698505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation of small molecules like specialized (secondary) metabolites has a profound impact on their solubility, stability or bioactivity, making glycosides attractive compounds as food additives, therapeutics or nutraceuticals. The subsequently growing market demand has fuelled the development of various biotechnological processes, which can be divided in the in vitro (using enzymes) or in vivo (using whole cells) production of glycosides. In this context, uridine glycosyltransferases (UGTs) have emerged as promising catalysts for the regio- and stereoselective glycosylation of various small molecules, hereby using uridine diphosphate (UDP) sugars as activated glycosyldonors. This review gives an extensive overview of the recently developed in vivo production processes using UGTs and discusses the major routes towards UDP-sugar formation. Furthermore, the use of interconverting enzymes and glycorandomization is highlighted for the production of unusual or new-to-nature glycosides. Finally, the technological challenges and future trends in UDP-sugar based glycosylation are critically evaluated and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik De Bruyn
- Centre of Expertise-Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Maertens
- Centre of Expertise-Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joeri Beauprez
- Centre of Expertise-Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Soetaert
- Centre of Expertise-Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjan De Mey
- Centre of Expertise-Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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