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El-Sheekh MM, El-Nagar AA, ElKelawy M, Bastawissi HAE. Bioethanol from wheat straw hydrolysate solubility and stability in waste cooking oil biodiesel/diesel and gasoline fuel at different blends ratio. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:15. [PMID: 36726174 PMCID: PMC9890877 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The work focuses on studying the solubility and stability of dissolved bioethanol as a fuel additive in different fuel blends of gasoline, diesel, 50% diesel/50% biodiesel. Dissolved ethanol fuel appears as particles with a unique size distribution inside the whole fuel blends, and its stability was measured in this work. Bioethanol dissolved fuel particles stability was improved after blending the bioethanol with 50% diesel/50% biodiesel than pure diesel or pure gasoline fuel alone. The obtained results reveal that the lowest bioethanol particles stability was obtained when commixed with gasoline and the suspended ethanol particles completely accumulated at different concentrations of bioethanol in the fuel blends of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% by volume after 1 h of mixing time. Furthermore, the measured data of the bioethanol particles size distribution reveals that the suspended stability in the diesel blend improve slightly for all bioethanol concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% by volume. While the bioethanol concentrations of 5% show acceptable particles stability and size distribution during the whole experiments time. Obtained results show that bioethanol suspended particles stability was enhanced for 50% diesel/50% biodiesel blend with different bioethanol concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% by volume basis. However, the size of the particles increased as the bioethanol concentration rose with the passage of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M. El-Sheekh
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Aya A. El-Nagar
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, El Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Medhat ElKelawy
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Mechanical Power Engineering Departments, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Mechanical Power Engineering Departments, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Keshanidokht S, Via MA, Falco CY, Clausen MP, Risbo J. Zein-stabilized emulsions by ethanol addition; stability and microstructure. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Memar Bashi Aval M, Hoveizi E, Mombeiny R, Kazemi M, Saeedi S, Tavakol S. Dutasteride nanoemulsion preparation to inhibit 5-alpha-hair follicle reductase enzymes in the hair follicle; an ex vivo study. IET Nanobiotechnol 2022; 17:13-21. [PMID: 36314605 PMCID: PMC9932434 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is a treatable disorder that usually occurs due to high levels of 5-alpha dihydrotestosterone in hair follicles. To enhance the storage capacity of hair follicles and alleviate the inherent characteristics of dutasteride, 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, a prolonged-release nanocarrier was synthesised, and its influence on rat abdomen's skin was investigated. Results showed the lower ratio of S/Co (higher ethanol concentration) increased the hydrodynamic nanocarriers' particle size due to thermodynamic disturbance and Ostwald ripening. In contrast, an increase in surfactant through a decrease in interfacial tension resulted in smaller nanocarriers of 32.4 nm. Moreover, an increase in viscosity had an inverse correlation with the nanoemulsions' particle size. Nanocarriers containing ethanol showed less entrapment efficacy, perhaps due to the rapid dissolution of dutasteride into ethanol during nanoemulsification, while, based on Stokes' equation, the addition of ethanol resulted in smaller particle size and stability of the system. Skin permeation analysis using Franz diffusion cells showed nanocarriers could pass through the skin and release dutasteride for 6 days. In conclusion, the optimum concentration of ingredients is decisive in guaranteeing the ideal particle size, stability, and skin permeation of nanocarriers. The Present dutasteride nanocarrier would promise a prolonged and sustained-release drug delivery system for Alopecia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Memar Bashi Aval
- Department of Medical NanotechnologyFaculty of Advanced Sciences and TechnologyPharmaceutical Sciences BranchIslamic Azad University, (IAUPS)TehranIran
| | - Elham Hoveizi
- Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
| | - Reza Mombeiny
- Department of Medical NanotechnologyFaculty of Advanced Technologies in MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mostafa Kazemi
- Department of Medical NanotechnologyFaculty of Advanced Technologies in MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Saeedeh Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistrySchool of PharmacyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran,Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Ferreira AC, Sullo A, Winston S, Norton IT, Norton-Welch AB. Influence of Ethanol on Emulsions Stabilized by Low Molecular Weight Surfactants. J Food Sci 2019; 85:28-35. [PMID: 31840826 PMCID: PMC7004119 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The effect of ethanol on oil‐in‐water emulsions stabilized with low molecular weight surfactants was investigated. Oil‐in‐water emulsions were prepared containing varying percentages of ethanol and sunflower oil, and stabilized with different emulsifiers (Tween 20, Tween 80, and Lecithin). Droplet size, viscosity, density, and interfacial tension measurements were carried out. The droplet size of emulsions stabilized by each of the surfactants studied decreased with the addition of ethanol to the aqueous phase showing a minimum at a concentration of ethanol around 40%. The trend in droplet size is accompanied by a decrease in the interfacial tension between water and oil as the ethanol concentration increases. Viscosity measurements show that the change in viscosity of the final emulsion is the result of the change in viscosity of the continuous phase, as well as the change in solubility of the surfactants due to the addition of ethanol. The density of the continuous phase decreases with the addition of ethanol and it is possible to match the densities of the two phases in order to reduce the effect of creaming/sedimentation and improve stability. This study provides scientific evidence for the formulation of stable emulsions containing a range of ethanol form 0 to 40%. Practical Application Formation and stability of food‐grade emulsions in the presence of ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Ferreira
- School of Chemical Engineering, Univ. of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B14 2TT, UK
| | - Antonio Sullo
- Diageo, Unit D Woodside, Bishops Stortford, CM23 5RG, UK
| | - Scott Winston
- Diageo, Unit D Woodside, Bishops Stortford, CM23 5RG, UK
| | - Ian T Norton
- School of Chemical Engineering, Univ. of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B14 2TT, UK
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Amaral-Machado L, Xavier-Júnior FH, Rutckeviski R, Morais ARV, Alencar ÉN, Dantas TRF, Cruz AKM, Genre J, da Silva-Junior AA, Pedrosa MFF, Rocha HAO, Egito EST. New Trends on Antineoplastic Therapy Research: Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw) Oil Nanostructured Systems. Molecules 2016; 21:E585. [PMID: 27144557 PMCID: PMC6273763 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullfrog oil is a natural product extracted from the Rana catesbeiana Shaw adipose tissue and used in folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extraction process of bullfrog oil, to develop a suitable topical nanoemulsion and to evaluate its efficacy against melanoma cells. The oil samples were obtained by hot and organic solvent extraction processes and were characterized by titration techniques and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The required hydrophile-lipophile balance and the pseudo-ternary phase diagram (PTPD) were assessed to determine the emulsification ability of the bullfrog oil. The anti-tumoral activity of the samples was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for normal fibroblast (3T3) and melanoma (B16F10) cell lines. Both extraction methods produced yielded around 60% and the oil was mainly composed of unsaturated compounds (around 60%). The bullfrog oil nanoemulsion obtained from PTPD presented a droplet size of about 390 nm and polydispersity = 0.05 and a zeta potential of about -25 mV. Both the bullfrog oil itself and its topical nanoemulsion did not show cytotoxicity in 3T3 linage. However, these systems showed growth inhibition in B16F10 cells. Finally, the bullfrog oil presented itself as a candidate for the development of pharmaceutical products free from cytotoxicity and effective for antineoplastic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Amaral-Machado
- Disperse Systems Laboratory (LaSiD), Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. General Gustavo de Cordeiro-SN-Petropolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
- Graduated Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, LaSiD, UFRN, Av. General Gustavo de Cordeiro-SN-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
- Graduated Program in Health Sciences, LaSiD, UFRN, Av. General Gustavo de Cordeiro-SN-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Francisco H Xavier-Júnior
- Disperse Systems Laboratory (LaSiD), Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. General Gustavo de Cordeiro-SN-Petropolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Renata Rutckeviski
- Disperse Systems Laboratory (LaSiD), Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. General Gustavo de Cordeiro-SN-Petropolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Andreza R V Morais
- Disperse Systems Laboratory (LaSiD), Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. General Gustavo de Cordeiro-SN-Petropolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Éverton N Alencar
- Disperse Systems Laboratory (LaSiD), Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. General Gustavo de Cordeiro-SN-Petropolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Teresa R F Dantas
- Disperse Systems Laboratory (LaSiD), Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. General Gustavo de Cordeiro-SN-Petropolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Ana K M Cruz
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho-3000-Lagoa Nova, Natal 59064-741, Brazil.
| | - Julieta Genre
- Disperse Systems Laboratory (LaSiD), Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. General Gustavo de Cordeiro-SN-Petropolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Arnóbio A da Silva-Junior
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Biotechnology Laboratory (TecBioFar), Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo de Cordeiro-SN-Petrópolis, Natal-RN 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Matheus F F Pedrosa
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Biotechnology Laboratory (TecBioFar), Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo de Cordeiro-SN-Petrópolis, Natal-RN 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Hugo A O Rocha
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho-3000-Lagoa Nova, Natal 59064-741, Brazil.
| | - Eryvaldo S T Egito
- Disperse Systems Laboratory (LaSiD), Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. General Gustavo de Cordeiro-SN-Petropolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
- Graduated Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, LaSiD, UFRN, Av. General Gustavo de Cordeiro-SN-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
- Graduated Program in Health Sciences, LaSiD, UFRN, Av. General Gustavo de Cordeiro-SN-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
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