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Wang C, Yang F, Zeng W, Chen X, Qiu Z, Wang Q, Meng Y, Zheng G, Hu J. Vine tea total flavonoids activate the AMPK/mTOR pathway to amelioration hepatic steatosis in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Food Sci 2024; 89:3019-3036. [PMID: 38517018 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Vine tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata), a traditional Chinese tea, is rich in flavonoids with various biological activities. Our study found that Vine tea total flavonoids (TFs) treatment reduced the body mass and blood lipid levels and improved the hepatic tissue morphology in mice fed the high-fat diet (HFD). In vivo, TF treatment activated the hepatic adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, initiated autophagy, and regulated the expression levels of proteins for lipid metabolism in those HFD-fed mice. In vitro, TF treatment dramatically reduced the lipid droplets and triacylglycerol content in HepG2 and L02 cells treated with oleic acid (OA). These were associated with the activation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway and autophagy initiation in OA-treated hepatocytes. This phenotype was abolished in the presence of 3-methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor. Our results indicated that the TF activation of AMPK/mTOR leads to the stimulation of autophagy and a decrease in the buildup of intracellular lipids in hepatocytes, showing the potential of TF as a therapeutic agent for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Vine tea, a tea drink, has been consumed by Chinese folk for over a thousand years. The result of this study will provide evidence that vine tea total flavonoids have potential use as a functional material for the prevention and amelioration of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuting Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Respiratory, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenpeng Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization for Liver Diseases, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Rodríguez JL, Berrios P, Clavo ZM, Marin-Bravo M, Inostroza-Ruiz L, Ramos-Gonzalez M, Quispe-Solano M, Fernández-Alfonso MS, Palomino O, Goya L. Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant Capacity and Anti-Oxidative Stress Potential of South American Fabaceae Desmodium tortuosum. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030746. [PMID: 36771451 PMCID: PMC9921092 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that oxidative stress is a pathogenic mechanism to induce cytotoxicity and to cause cardiovascular and neuronal diseases. At present, natural compounds such as plant extracts have been used to reduce the cytotoxic effects produced by agents that induce oxidative stress. Our study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and cytoprotective capacity of Desmodium tortuosum (D. tortuosum) extract in the co- and pre-treatment in EA.hy926 and SH-SY5Y cell lines subjected to oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BOOH). Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), caspase 3/7 activity, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and molecular expression of oxidative stress biomarkers (SOD2, NRF2 and NFκB1) and cell death (APAF1, BAX, Caspase3) were all evaluated. It was observed that the D. tortuosum extract, in a dose-dependent manner, was able to reduce the oxidative and cytotoxicity effects induced by t-BOOH, even normalized to a dose of 200 µg/mL, which would be due to the high content of phenolic compounds mainly phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids and other antioxidant compounds. Finally, these results are indicators that the extract of D. tortuosum could be a natural alternative against the cytotoxic exposure to stressful and cytotoxic chemical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis Rodríguez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru
- Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Paola Berrios
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru
| | - Zoyla-Mirella Clavo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru
| | - Manuel Marin-Bravo
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru
| | - Luis Inostroza-Ruiz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru
| | | | - Miguel Quispe-Solano
- Faculty of Engineering in Food Industries, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo 12006, Peru
| | | | - Olga Palomino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Goya
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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High polyphenolic cranberry beverage alters specific fecal microbiota but not gut permeability following aspirin challenge in healthy obese adults: A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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4
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Moghaddam MH, Farrokhi S, Hasani A, Khosravi A, Pirani M, Vakili K, Fathi M, Eskandari N, Golshan A, Sadeghzadeh S, Namakin K, Aliaghaei A, Abdollahifar MA. Elderberry Diet Restores Spermatogenesis in the Transient Scrotal Hyperthermia-Induced Mice. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:3373-3386. [PMID: 35088364 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00865-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years, several studies have also reported the adverse effects of hyperthermia on normal testicular tissues in several species including mice, rats, and humans. These deleterious impacts include temporarily drop in relative weight of testis along with a temporary partial or complete infertility. Sambucus nigra, also known as elderberry or sweet elder, is a source of bioactive compounds that has drawn growing attention for its potential beneficial effects in preventing and treating several diseases. This experimental research divided 30 mice into the following three groups: (1) control, (2) hyperthermia, and (3) hyperthermia receiving elderberry diet for 35 days. Scrotal hyperthermia was induced by water bath with 43 °C for 30 min. Then, the mice were euthanized, and their sperm samples were collected for sperm parameters analysis. Then, we took the testis samples for histopathological experimentations, immunohistochemistry against TNF-α and caspase-3 and serum testosterone, FSH and LH levels. Our outputs indicated that elderberry diet could largely improve the sperms parameters and stereological parameters, like spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, round spermatid, and Leydig cells together with an increasing level of the serum testosterone compared to the scrotal hyperthermia induced mice. In addition, it was found that the expression of TNF-α and caspase-3 significantly decreased in the treatment groups by elderberry diet compared to the scrotal hyperthermia-induced mice. In conclusion, it could be concluded that elderberry diet may be regarded as an alternative treatment for improving the spermatogenesis process in the scrotal hyperthermia induced mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Hassani Moghaddam
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sheida Farrokhi
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Postal code (1985717443), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Hasani
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Postal code (1985717443), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Khosravi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Postal code (1985717443), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pirani
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Postal code (1985717443), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Fathi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Eskandari
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Golshan
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Postal code (1985717443), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Sadeghzadeh
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Postal code (1985717443), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Namakin
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Postal code (1985717443), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Postal code (1985717443), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Postal code (1985717443), Tehran, Iran
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Cranberry and black chokeberry extracts isolated with pressurized ethanol from defatted by supercritical CO2 pomace inhibit colorectal carcinoma cells and increase global antioxidant response of meat products during in vitro digestion. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Identification, Quantification, and Characterization of the Phenolic Fraction of Brunfelsia grandiflora: In Vitro Antioxidant Capacity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196510. [PMID: 36235047 PMCID: PMC9572177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Brunfelsia grandiflora is an ancient plant widely used for its promising medicinal properties, although little explored scientifically. Despite being a rich source of phenolic compounds responsible in part for the proven anti-inflammatory activity, its characterization has not been carried out to date. The present work deals with the exhaustive identification and quantification of its phenolic fraction, along with its antioxidant activity. Decoction resulting from the bark as fine powder was filtered and lyophilized, and polyphenols were extracted from the resulting product by aqueous-organic solvents. Seventy-nine polyphenols were identified using LC-MSn. Hydroxycinnamates was the most abundant group of compounds (up to 66.8%), followed by hydroxycoumarins (15.5%), lignans (6.1%), flavonols (5.7%), phenolic simples (3.1), gallates (2.3%), flavanols (0.3%), and flavanones (0.2%). About 64% of the characterized phenols were in their glycosylated forms. The quantification of these phytochemicals by LC-QToF showed that this medicinal plant contained 2014.71 mg of phenolic compounds in 100 g dry matter, which evidences a great antioxidant potency determined by ABTS and DPPH assays. Therefore, Brunfelsia grandiflora represents an important source of polyphenols which supports its therapeutic properties scientifically proven.
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Ferreira SS, Martins-Gomes C, Nunes FM, Silva AM. Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) extracts promote anti-inflammatory and cellular antioxidant activity. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100437. [PMID: 36211754 PMCID: PMC9532789 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts of Sambucus nigra berries have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Elderberries prevented the oxidative damage induced by tert-butyl-hydroperoxide. Elderberries protect HepG2 and Caco-2 cells from t-BOOH-induced oxidative stress. Elderberry extracts prevented GSH depletion, ROS production, and DNA fragmentation. Elderberries can be considered a functional food or a sources of nutraceuticals.
Despite the high value of Portuguese elderberries, recognized for decades by European markets, only a few studies address their beneficial effects at cellular level. Aiming to explore the anti-inflammatory and the cellular antioxidant potential characterized extracts from the three main Portuguese elderberry cultivars (Sabugueiro, Sabugueira, Bastardeira) were used. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells pre-exposed to elderberry extracts exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide release, evidencing anti-inflammatory activity. Concerning cellular antioxidant protection, HepG2 and Caco-2 cells pre-exposure to elderberry extracts (50 µg/mL) prevented up-to 90 % of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH)-induced toxicity. In Caco-2 cells, elderberry extracts prevented glutathione depletion, reactive oxygen species production, abnormal morphological changes and DNA fragmentation, in response to t-BOOH oxidative insult. Results demonstrated that elderberries have high potential in reducing cellular oxidative stress as well as in preventing inflammatory processes. Thus, elderberries have high potential as health promoters, acting as functional foods or as sources of nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine S. Ferreira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Chemistry Research Center – Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab., University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Chemistry Research Center – Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab., University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernando M. Nunes
- Chemistry Research Center – Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab., University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Corresponding authors at: Chemistry Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (F.M. Nunes). Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal (A.M. Silva).
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Corresponding authors at: Chemistry Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (F.M. Nunes). Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal (A.M. Silva).
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Heiss C, Istas G, Feliciano RP, Weber T, Wang B, Favari C, Mena P, Del Rio D, Rodriguez-Mateos A. Daily consumption of cranberry improves endothelial function in healthy adults: a double blind randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 2022; 13:3812-3824. [PMID: 35322843 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00080f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Previous studies indicate cardiovascular health benefits of cranberry juice consumption. However, whether daily consumption of whole cranberries will have sustained vascular benefits in healthy individuals is currently unknown. Objective: To investigate the vascular effects of acute and daily consumption of freeze dried whole cranberry in healthy men and how effects relate to circulating cranberry (poly)phenol metabolites. Methods: A double-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 45 healthy male adults randomly allocated to 1 month daily consumption of either cranberry (9 g powder solubilized in water equivalent to 100 g of fresh cranberries, 525 mg total (poly)phenols) or control (9 g powder, no (poly)phenols). Flow-mediated dilation (FMD, primary outcome), pulse wave velocity (PWV), aortic augmentation index (AIx), blood pressure, heart rate, blood lipids, and blood glucose were assessed at baseline and at 2 h on day 1 and after 1 month. Plasma and 24 h-urine were analyzed before and after treatment using targeted quantitative LC-MS methods including 137 (poly)phenol metabolites. Results: Cranberry consumption significantly increased FMD at 2 h and 1-month (1.1% (95% CI: 1.1%, 1.8%); ptreatment ≤ 0.001; ptreatment × time = 0.606) but not PWV, AIx, blood pressure, heart rate, blood lipids, and glucose. Of the 56 and 74 (poly)phenol metabolites quantified in plasma and urine, 13 plasma and 13 urinary metabolites significantly increased 2 h post-consumption and on day 1, respectively, while 4 plasma and 13 urinary metabolites were significantly higher after 1-month of cranberry consumption, in comparison with control. A multi-variable stepwise linear regression analysis showed that plasma cinnamic acid-4'-glucuronide, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid-3-sulfate, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3'-hydroxycinnamic acid, and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid were significant independent predictors of 2 h FMD effects (R2 = 0.71), while 3'-hydroxycinnamic acid, 4-methoxycinnamic acid-3'-glucuronide, 3-(4'-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid 3'-sulfate, and 3-(4'-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid 3'-glucuronide predicted the 1-month FMD effects (R2 = 0.52). Conclusions: Acute and daily consumption of whole cranberry powder for 1 month improves vascular function in healthy men and this is linked with specific metabolite profiles in plasma. The National Institutes of Health (NIH)-randomized trial records held on the NIH ClinicalTrials.gov website (NCT02764749). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02764749.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Heiss
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, UK
| | - Geoffrey Istas
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Rodrigo P Feliciano
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Timon Weber
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Brian Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Claudia Favari
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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Simulated gastrointestinal digestion of cranberry polyphenols under dynamic conditions. Impact on antiadhesive activity against uropathogenic bacteria. Food Chem 2022; 368:130871. [PMID: 34438174 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first dynamic simulation of gastrointestinal digestion of cranberry polyphenols [1 g cranberry extract per day (206.2 mg polyphenols) for 18 days]. Samples from the simulated ascending, transverse, and descending colon of the dynamic gastrointestinal simulator simgi® were analyzed. Results showed that 67% of the total cranberry polyphenols were recovered after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Specifically, benzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, phenylpropionic acids, phenylacetic acids, and simple phenols were identified. Cranberry feeding modified colonic microbiota composition of Enterococcaceae population significantly. However, increments in microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids, particularly in butyric acid, were observed. Finally, the simgi® effluent during cranberry feeding showed significant antiadhesive activity against uropathogenic Escherichia coli (13.7 ± 1.59 % of inhibition). Understanding the role that gut microbiota plays in cranberry metabolism could help to elucidate its interaction with the human body and explain cranberry protective effects against urinary tract infections.
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10
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Palomino O, García-Aguilar A, González A, Guillén C, Benito M, Goya L. Biological Actions and Molecular Mechanisms of Sambucus nigra L. in Neurodegeneration: A Cell Culture Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164829. [PMID: 34443417 PMCID: PMC8399386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sambucus nigra flowers (elderflower) have been widely used in traditional medicine for the relief of early symptoms of common cold. Its chemical composition mainly consists of polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and triterpenes. Although the antioxidant properties of polyphenols are well known, the aim of this study is to assess the antioxidant and protective potentials of Sambucus nigra flowers in the human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell line using different in vitro approaches. The antioxidant capacity is first evaluated by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and the free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) methods. Cell viability is assessed by the crystal violet method; furthermore, the intracellular ROS formation (DCFH-DA method) is determined, together with the effect on the cell antioxidant defenses: reduced glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzyme activities (GPx, GR). On the other hand, mTORC1 hyperactivation and autophagy blockage have been associated with an increase in the formation of protein aggregates, this promoting the transference and expansion of neurodegenerative diseases. Then, the ability of Sambucus nigra flowers in the regulation of mTORC1 signaling activity and the reduction in oxidative stress through the activation of autophagy/mitophagy flux is also examined. In this regard, search for different molecules with a potential inhibitory effect on mTORC1 activation could have multiple positive effects either in the molecular pathogenic events and/or in the progression of several diseases including neurodegenerative ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Palomino
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (O.P.); (A.G.-A.); (A.G.)
| | - Ana García-Aguilar
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (O.P.); (A.G.-A.); (A.G.)
| | - Adrián González
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (O.P.); (A.G.-A.); (A.G.)
| | - Carlos Guillén
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.); (M.B.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Benito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.); (M.B.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Goya
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Science and Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN—CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-549-2300
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Gallique M, Wei K, Maisuria VB, Okshevsky M, McKay G, Nguyen D, Tufenkji N. Cranberry-Derived Proanthocyanidins Potentiate β-Lactam Antibiotics against Resistant Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e00127-21. [PMID: 33712420 PMCID: PMC8117774 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00127-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), or variant low-affinity penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) pose a major threat to our ability to treat bacterial infection using β-lactam antibiotics. Although combinations of β-lactamase inhibitors with β-lactam agents have been clinically successful, there are no MBL inhibitors in current therapeutic use. Furthermore, recent clinical use of new-generation cephalosporins targeting PBP2a, an altered PBP, has led to the emergence of resistance to these antimicrobial agents. Previous work shows that natural polyphenols such as cranberry-extracted proanthocyanidins (cPAC) can potentiate non-β-lactam antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria. This study extends beyond previous work by investigating the in vitro effect of cPAC in overcoming ESBL-, MBL-, and PBP2a-mediated β-lactam resistance. The results show that cPAC exhibit variable potentiation of different β-lactams against β-lactam-resistant Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates as well as ESBL- and MBL-producing E. coli We also discovered that cPAC have broad-spectrum inhibitory properties in vitro on the activity of different classes of β-lactamases, including CTX-M3 ESBL and IMP-1 MBL. Furthermore, we observe that cPAC selectively potentiate oxacillin and carbenicillin against methicillin-resistant but not methicillin-sensitive staphylococci, suggesting that cPAC also interfere with PBP2a-mediated resistance. This study motivates the need for future work to identify the most bioactive compounds in cPAC and to evaluate their antibiotic-potentiating efficacy in vivoIMPORTANCE The emergence of β-lactam-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and staphylococci compromises the effectiveness of β-lactam-based therapy. By acquisition of ESBLs, MBLs, or PBPs, it is highly likely that bacteria may become completely resistant to the most effective β-lactam agents in the near future. In this study, we described a natural extract rich in proanthocyanidins which exerts adjuvant properties by interfering with two different resistance mechanisms. By their broad-spectrum inhibitory ability, cranberry-extracted proanthocyanidins could have the potential to enhance the effectiveness of existing β-lactam agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Gallique
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kuan Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vimal B Maisuria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mira Okshevsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geoffrey McKay
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dao Nguyen
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Tufenkji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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12
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Verdi CM, Machado VS, Machado AK, Klein B, Bonez PC, de Andrade ENC, Rossi G, Campos MM, Wagner R, Sagrillo MR, Santos RCV. Phytochemical characterization, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity of Gautheria procumbens essential oil. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:1327-1331. [PMID: 33356559 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1862832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the chemical constituents of Gaultheria procumbens essential oil and is the first to relate cytogenotoxicity with oxidative metabolism and antimicrobial activity. Chromatographic analysis of the essential oil showed methyl salicylate (99.96%) and linalool (0.04%) as the major compounds. The essential oil showed no signs of cytogenotoxicity at different concentrations (1.82 to 58.34 mg mL-1). Furthermore, G. procumbens essential oil and methyl salicylate were used to evaluate the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal microbicidal concentrations (MMC). The results showed efficacy against several microorganisms, including Aeromonas caviae, Candida albicans, and Mycobacterium fortuitum with MIC values ranging from 1.82 to 3.64 mg mL-1 and MMC values ranging from 3.64 to 12.67 mg mL-1, which were confirmed by time-kill kinetics. Based on our results, the essential oil is a promising alternative to developing future formulations to treat infections caused by microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Marina Verdi
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology Research (LAPEMICRO), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Schopf Machado
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology Research (LAPEMICRO), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Alencar Kolinsk Machado
- Laboratory of Cell Culture, Graduate Program in Nanosciences -Franciscana University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Klein
- Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development (NIDAL), Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Pauline Cordenonsi Bonez
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology Research (LAPEMICRO), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Grazielle Rossi
- Laboratory of Mycobacteriology (LABIMYCO), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marli Matiko Campos
- Laboratory of Mycobacteriology (LABIMYCO), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Roger Wagner
- Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development (NIDAL), Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele Rorato Sagrillo
- Laboratory of Cell Culture, Graduate Program in Nanosciences -Franciscana University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Christ Vianna Santos
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology Research (LAPEMICRO), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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13
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Liu H, Howell AB, Zhang DJ, Khoo C. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study to assess bacterial anti-adhesive activity in human urine following consumption of a cranberry supplement. Food Funct 2020; 10:7645-7652. [PMID: 31702761 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01198f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the common bacterial infections treated with antibiotics. The North American cranberry is recommended for prophylaxis in women with recurrent UTIs as a nutritional alternative. The ability of cranberry components and their metabolites to inhibit adhesion of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an important mechanism by which cranberry mitigates UTIs. The objective of this study was to evaluate urinary anti-adhesion activity against type 1 and P-type uropathogenic E. coli after consumption of cranberry +health™ cranberry supplement (cranberry chew). In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design pilot trial (n = 20), subjects consumed two cranberry or placebo chews, one in the morning and one in the evening. Clean-catch urine samples collected at the baseline and post-intervention (0-3, 3-6, 6-9, 9-12, 12-24, 24-30, 30-36 h) were tested for anti-adhesion effects with a mannose-resistant human red blood cell hemagglutination assay specific for P-type E. coli, or a T24 cell line model for type 1 E. coli. Urinary anti-adhesion activity against P-type E. coli after consumption of the cranberry chew was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than that observed with placebo chew at all time points except 24-36 h. Ex vivo anti-adhesion effects on type 1 E. coli were greater (p < 0.05) after cranberry chew consumption than placebo chew at 3-6 and 6-9 h urine collections. In conclusion, consumption of cranberry +health™ cranberry supplement exhibited greater ex vivo urinary anti-adhesion activity compared to placebo, suggesting that it may have the potential to help promote urinary tract health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liu
- Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., One Ocean Spray Drive, Lakeville-Middleboro, MA 02349, USA.
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14
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Coleman CM, Ferreira D. Oligosaccharides and Complex Carbohydrates: A New Paradigm for Cranberry Bioactivity. Molecules 2020; 25:E881. [PMID: 32079271 PMCID: PMC7070526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranberry is a well-known functional food, but the compounds directly responsible for many of its reported health benefits remain unidentified. Complex carbohydrates, specifically xyloglucan and pectic oligosaccharides, are the newest recognized class of biologically active compounds identified in cranberry materials. Cranberry oligosaccharides have shown similar biological properties as other dietary oligosaccharides, including effects on bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and microbial growth. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity has also been observed. Oligosaccharides may therefore be significant contributors to many of the health benefits associated with cranberry products. Soluble oligosaccharides are present at relatively high concentrations (~20% w/w or greater) in many cranberry materials, and yet their possible contributions to biological activity have remained unrecognized. This is partly due to the inherent difficulty of detecting these compounds without intentionally seeking them. Inconsistencies in product descriptions and terminology have led to additional confusion regarding cranberry product composition and the possible presence of oligosaccharides. This review will present our current understanding of cranberry oligosaccharides and will discuss their occurrence, structures, ADME, biological properties, and possible prebiotic effects for both gut and urinary tract microbiota. Our hope is that future investigators will consider these compounds as possible significant contributors to the observed biological effects of cranberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Coleman
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and the Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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15
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The Influence of Maltodextrin and Inulin on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Cranberry Juice Powders. CHEMENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering4010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cranberry juice has a high content of polyphenols, which makes it a valuable raw material with health-promoting properties. On the other hand, the bitter and astringent taste of cranberry limits its consumption in fresh form (fruit, juice). For this reason, new formulations of cranberry products based on natural additives are sought, e.g., in the form of carriers, which not only allow the drying of liquids to form powders, but which can also affect the retention of bioactive compounds. This study aimed at the evaluation of the influence of different carriers and concentrations applied to cranberry juice and their influence on the physico-chemical properties of the powders obtained. Freeze-dried powders had approximately eight times higher moisture content than products gained after the spray-drying process. The bulk density of freeze-dried product was approximately 11% higher when compared to spray-drying. Freeze-drying and spray-drying had a similar influence on the total polyphenolic compound content and antioxidant capacity. When the concentration of carriers was concerned, it was indicated that a higher content of carrier resulted in a lower moisture content, water activity, CIE L*a*b* coordinates, total polyphenolic content, and antioxidant capacity of the powders obtained, pointing to a strong influence of the juice composition on the final properties of the powders.
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16
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Glycaemic regulation, appetite and ex vivo oxidative stress in young adults following consumption of high-carbohydrate cereal bars fortified with polyphenol-rich berries. Br J Nutr 2020; 121:1026-1038. [PMID: 31062684 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of certain berries appears to slow postprandial glucose absorption, attributable to polyphenols, which may benefit exercise and cognition, reduce appetite and/or oxidative stress. This randomised, crossover, placebo-controlled study determined whether polyphenol-rich fruits added to carbohydrate-based foods produce a dose-dependent moderation of postprandial glycaemic, glucoregulatory hormone, appetite and ex vivo oxidative stress responses. Twenty participants (eighteen males/two females; 24 (sd 5) years; BMI: 27 (sd 3) kg/m2) consumed one of five cereal bars (approximately 88 % carbohydrate) containing no fruit ingredients (reference), freeze-dried black raspberries (10 or 20 % total weight; LOW-Rasp and HIGH-Rasp, respectively) and cranberry extract (0·5 or 1 % total weight; LOW-Cran and HIGH-Cran), on trials separated by ≥5 d. Postprandial peak/nadir from baseline (Δmax) and incremental postprandial AUC over 60 and 180 min for glucose and other biochemistries were measured to examine the dose-dependent effects. Glucose AUC0-180 min trended towards being higher (43 %) after HIGH-Rasp v. LOW-Rasp (P=0·06), with no glucose differences between the raspberry and reference bars. Relative to reference, HIGH-Rasp resulted in a 17 % lower Δmax insulin, 3 % lower C-peptide (AUC0-60 min and 3 % lower glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (AUC0-180 min) P<0·05. No treatment effects were observed for the cranberry bars regarding glucose and glucoregulatory hormones, nor were there any treatment effects for either berry type regarding ex vivo oxidation, appetite-mediating hormones or appetite. Fortification with freeze-dried black raspberries (approximately 25 g, containing 1·2 g of polyphenols) seems to slightly improve the glucoregulatory hormone and glycaemic responses to a high-carbohydrate food item in young adults but did not affect appetite or oxidative stress responses at doses or with methods studied herein.
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17
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Teng Y, Wang Y, Tian Y, Chen YY, Guan WY, Piao CH, Wang YH. Lactobacillus plantarum LP104 ameliorates hyperlipidemia induced by AMPK pathways in C57BL/6N mice fed high-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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O’Connor K, Morrissette M, Strandwitz P, Ghiglieri M, Caboni M, Liu H, Khoo C, D’Onofrio A, Lewis K. Cranberry extracts promote growth of Bacteroidaceae and decrease abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in a human gut simulator model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224836. [PMID: 31714906 PMCID: PMC6850528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Escherichia coli, a common member of the human gut microbiota belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, is the causative agent of the majority of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The gut microbiota serves as a reservoir for uropathogenic E. coli where they are shed in feces, colonize the periurethral area, and infect the urinary tract. Currently, front line treatment for UTIs consists of oral antibiotics, but the rise of antibiotic resistance is leading to higher rates of recurrence, and antibiotics cause collateral damage to other members of the gut microbiota. It is commonly believed that incorporation of the American cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon, into the diet is useful for reducing recurrence of UTIs. We hypothesized such a benefit might be explained by a prebiotic or antimicrobial effect on the gut microbiota. As such, we tested cranberry extracts and whole cranberry powder on a human gut microbiome-derived community in a gut simulator and found that cranberry components broadly modulate the microbiota by reducing the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and increasing the abundance of Bacteroidaceae. To identify the specific compounds responsible for this, we tested a panel of compounds isolated from cranberries for activity against E. coli, and found that salicylate exhibited antimicrobial activity against both laboratory E. coli and human UTI E. coli isolates. In a gut simulator, salicylate reduced levels of Enterobacteriaceae and elevated Bacteroidaceae in a dose dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen O’Connor
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Madeleine Morrissette
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Philip Strandwitz
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Meghan Ghiglieri
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mariaelena Caboni
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Global Scientific Affairs and Nutrition Policy, Research and Development, Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., Lakeville-Middleboro, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christina Khoo
- Global Scientific Affairs and Nutrition Policy, Research and Development, Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., Lakeville-Middleboro, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anthony D’Onofrio
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kim Lewis
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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19
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Maisuria VB, Okshevsky M, Déziel E, Tufenkji N. Proanthocyanidin Interferes with Intrinsic Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms of Gram-Negative Bacteria. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1802333. [PMID: 31406662 PMCID: PMC6685479 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201802333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is spreading at an alarming rate among pathogenic bacteria in both medicine and agriculture. Interfering with the intrinsic resistance mechanisms displayed by pathogenic bacteria has the potential to make antibiotics more effective and decrease the spread of acquired antibiotic resistance. Here, it is demonstrated that cranberry proanthocyanidin (cPAC) prevents the evolution of resistance to tetracycline in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, rescues antibiotic efficacy against antibiotic-exposed cells, and represses biofilm formation. It is shown that cPAC has a potentiating effect, both in vitro and in vivo, on a broad range of antibiotic classes against pathogenic E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, and P. aeruginosa. Evidence that cPAC acts by repressing two antibiotic resistance mechanisms, selective membrane permeability and multidrug efflux pumps, is presented. Failure of cPAC to potentiate antibiotics against efflux pump-defective mutants demonstrates that efflux interference is essential for potentiation. The use of cPAC to potentiate antibiotics and mitigate the development of resistance could improve treatment outcomes and help combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal B. Maisuria
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMcGill University3610 University StreetMontrealQuebecH3A 0C5Canada
| | - Mira Okshevsky
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMcGill University3610 University StreetMontrealQuebecH3A 0C5Canada
| | - Eric Déziel
- INRS‐Institut Armand‐Frappier531 boul. des PrairiesLavalQuébecH7V 1B7Canada
| | - Nathalie Tufenkji
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMcGill University3610 University StreetMontrealQuebecH3A 0C5Canada
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20
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Han Y, Huang M, Li L, Cai X, Gao Z, Li F, Rakariyatham K, Song M, Fernández Tomé S, Xiao H. Non-extractable polyphenols from cranberries: potential anti-inflammation and anti-colon-cancer agents. Food Funct 2019; 10:7714-7723. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01536a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Both extractable and non-extractable polyphenol (NEP) rich fractions from cranberries were bioactive and the NEP-rich fraction showed promising anti-inflammation and anti-colon cancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Meigui Huang
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Xiaokun Cai
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Zili Gao
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | | | - Mingyue Song
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
| | - Samuel Fernández Tomé
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
- Dpto. Bioactividad y Análisis de los Alimentos
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
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21
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Sharanova NE, Vasil'ev AV. Postgenomic Properties of Natural Micronutrients. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 166:107-117. [PMID: 30450516 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Modern medical approaches to the therapy of various diseases, including cancer, are based on the use of toxic drugs. The unfavorable side effects of traditional medicine could be counterbalanced by addition of natural bioactive substances to conventional therapy due to their mild action on cells combined with the multitargeted effects. To elucidate the real mechanisms of their biological activity, versatile approaches including a number of "omics" such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are used. This review highlights inclusion of bioactive natural compounds into the therapy of chronic diseases from the viewpoint of modern omics-based nutritional biochemistry. The recently accumulated data argue for necessity to employ nutrigenetic and nutrimetabolomic analyses to prevent or diminish the risk of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Sharanova
- V. A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A V Vasil'ev
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Wang S, Sarriá B, Mateos R, Goya L, Bravo-Clemente L. TNF-α-induced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in EA.hy926 cells is prevented by mate and green coffee extracts, 5-caffeoylquinic acid and its microbial metabolite, dihydrocaffeic acid. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2018; 70:267-284. [PMID: 30185085 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1505834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The main phenol in mate and coffee, 5-caffeoylquinic-acid (5-CQA), and its relevant microbial metabolites, dihydrocaffeic (DHCA) and dihydroferulic (DHFA) acids, have shown oxidative-stress protective effects in HepG2 cells. To evaluate possible endothelial-protective effects of the extracts and compounds, endothelial EA.hy926 cells were pre-treated with yerba mate (YME) and green coffee bean (GCBE) phenolic extracts, 5-CQA, DHCA and DHFA and afterwards stressed with tumour-necrosis-factor-alpha (TNF-α). Then oxidative-stress markers and endothelial-nitric-oxide-synthase levels were studied. TNF-α (10 ng/mL, 24 h) depleted reduced glutathione (GSH) and eNOS levels, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase (GR) activities, and protein oxidation (carbonyl groups, CG) in EA.hy926 cells. Pre-treatment with YME, GCBE, 5-CQA, DHCA at certain physiological concentrations, lowered ROS production, recovered depleted GSH, reduced GR and GPx activities, and CG levels, and enhanced eNOS concentration.. YME, GCBE and 5-CQA show antioxidant effects in endothelial cells playing DHCA an important role in such protection; moreover, the extracts, 5-CQA, DHCA and DHFA increased eNOS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenli Wang
- a Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science , Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Beatriz Sarriá
- a Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science , Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Raquel Mateos
- a Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science , Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Luis Goya
- a Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science , Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Laura Bravo-Clemente
- a Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science , Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Madrid , Spain
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Vochysia rufa Stem Bark Extract Protects Endothelial Cells against High Glucose Damage. MEDICINES 2017; 4:medicines4010009. [PMID: 28930225 PMCID: PMC5597076 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background: Increased oxidative stress by persistent hyperglycemia is a widely accepted factor in vascular damage responsible for type 2 diabetes complications. The plant Vochysia rufa (Vr) has been used in folk medicine in Brazil for the treatment of diabetes. Thus; the protective effect of a Vr stem bark extract against a challenge by a high glucose concentration on EA.hy926 (EA) endothelial cells is evaluated. Methods: Vegetal material is extracted with distilled water by maceration and evaporated until dryness under vacuum. Then; it is isolated by capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry. Cell viability is evaluated on EA cells treated with 0.5-100 µg/mL of the Vr extract for 24 h. The extract is diluted at concentrations of 5, 10 and 25 µg/mL and maintained for 24 h along with 30 mM of glucose to evaluate its protective effect on reduced glutathione (GSH); glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase (GR) and protein carbonyl groups. Results:V. rufa stem bark is composed mainly of sugars; such as inositol; galactose; glucose; mannose; sacarose; arabinose and ribose. Treatment with Vr up to 100 µg/mL for 24 h did not affect cell viability. Treatment of EA cells with 30 mM of glucose for 24 h significantly increased the cell damage. EA cells treated with 30 mM of glucose showed a decrease of GSH concentration and increased Radical Oxygen Species (ROS) and activity of antioxidant enzymes and protein carbonyl levels; compared to control. Co-treatment of EA with 30 mM glucose plus 1-10 μg/mL Vr significantly reduced cell damage while 5-25 μg/mL Vr evoked a significant protection against the glucose insult; recovering ROS; GSH; antioxidant enzymes and carbonyls to baseline levels. Conclusion:V. rufa extract protects endothelial cells against oxidative damage by modulating ROS; GSH concentration; antioxidant enzyme activity and protein carbonyl levels.
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Cranberries and Cancer: An Update of Preclinical Studies Evaluating the Cancer Inhibitory Potential of Cranberry and Cranberry Derived Constituents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5030027. [PMID: 27548236 PMCID: PMC5039576 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranberries are rich in bioactive constituents reported to influence a variety of health benefits, ranging from improved immune function and decreased infections to reduced cardiovascular disease and more recently cancer inhibition. A review of cranberry research targeting cancer revealed positive effects of cranberries or cranberry derived constituents against 17 different cancers utilizing a variety of in vitro techniques, whereas in vivo studies supported the inhibitory action of cranberries toward cancers of the esophagus, stomach, colon, bladder, prostate, glioblastoma and lymphoma. Mechanisms of cranberry-linked cancer inhibition include cellular death induction via apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy; reduction of cellular proliferation; alterations in reactive oxygen species; and modification of cytokine and signal transduction pathways. Given the emerging positive preclinical effects of cranberries, future clinical directions targeting cancer or premalignancy in high risk cohorts should be considered.
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Maki KC, Kaspar KL, Khoo C, Derrig LH, Schild AL, Gupta K. Consumption of a cranberry juice beverage lowered the number of clinical urinary tract infection episodes in women with a recent history of urinary tract infection. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:1434-42. [PMID: 27251185 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.130542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections and are often treated with antibiotics. Concerns about multidrug-resistant uropathogens have pointed to the need for safe and effective UTI-prevention strategies such as cranberry consumption. OBJECTIVE We assessed the effects of the consumption of a cranberry beverage on episodes of clinical UTIs. DESIGN In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial, women with a history of a recent UTI were assigned to consume one 240-mL serving of cranberry beverage/d (n = 185) or a placebo (n = 188) beverage for 24 wk. The primary outcome was the clinical UTI incidence density, which was defined as the total number of clinical UTI events (including multiple events per subject when applicable) per unit of observation time. RESULTS The dates of the random assignment of the first subject and the last subject's final visit were February 2013 and March 2015, respectively. The mean age was 40.9 y, and characteristics were similar in both groups. Compliance with study product consumption was 98%, and 86% of subjects completed the treatment period in both groups. There were 39 investigator-diagnosed episodes of clinical UTI in the cranberry group compared with 67 episodes in the placebo group (antibiotic use-adjusted incidence rate ratio: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.91; P = 0.016). Clinical UTI with pyuria was also significantly reduced (incidence rate ratio: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.97; P = 0.037). One clinical UTI event was prevented for every 3.2 woman-years (95% CI: 2.0, 13.1 woman-years) of the cranberry intervention. The time to UTI with culture positivity did not differ significantly between groups (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.56, 1.67; P = 0.914). CONCLUSION The consumption of a cranberry juice beverage lowered the number of clinical UTI episodes in women with a recent history of UTI. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01776021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Maki
- Biofortis Clinical Research, Addison, IL; MB Clinical Research, Glen Ellyn, IL;
| | | | | | | | | | - Kalpana Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
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Feliciano RP, Boeres A, Massacessi L, Istas G, Ventura MR, Nunes dos Santos C, Heiss C, Rodriguez-Mateos A. Identification and quantification of novel cranberry-derived plasma and urinary (poly)phenols. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 599:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Hannon DB, Thompson JT, Khoo C, Juturu V, Vanden Heuvel JP. Effects of cranberry extracts on gene expression in THP-1 cells. Food Sci Nutr 2016; 5:148-159. [PMID: 28070326 PMCID: PMC5217924 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranberry contains high levels of nutrients and bioactive molecules that have health‐promoting properties. The purpose of the present studies was to determine if cranberry extracts (CEs) contain phytochemicals that exert anti‐inflammatory effects. The human monocytic cell line THP‐1 was treated with two CEs (CE and 90MX) and subsequently challenged with Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) expression was decreased in the CE‐treated cells, indicative of an anti‐inflammatory effect. Gene expression microarrays identified several immune‐related genes that were responsive to CEs including interferon‐induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 and 3 (IFIT 1 and 3), macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) and colony‐stimulating factor 2 (CSF2). In addition, in the CE‐treated cells, metallothionein 1F and other metal‐responsive genes were induced. Taken together, this data indicates that CEs contain bioactive components that have anti‐inflammatory effects and may protect cells from oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Hannon
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Penn State University 325 Life Sciences Building University Park Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Jerry T Thompson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Penn State University 325 Life Sciences Building University Park Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Christina Khoo
- Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. One Ocean Spray Drive Lakeville-Middleboro Massachusetts 02349
| | - Vijaya Juturu
- UnitedBio-Med Inc. 102 Hunters Run Dobbs Ferry New York 10502
| | - John P Vanden Heuvel
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Penn State University 325 Life Sciences Building University Park Pennsylvania 16802; INDIGO Biosciences Inc.1981 Pine Hall Road State College Pennsylvania 16801
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Kong KW, Mat-Junit S, Aminudin N, Hassan FA, Ismail A, Abdul Aziz A. Protective effects of the extracts of Barringtonia racemosa shoots against oxidative damage in HepG2 cells. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1628. [PMID: 26839752 PMCID: PMC4734433 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Barringtonia racemosa is a tropical plant with medicinal values. In this study, the ability of the water extracts of the leaf (BLE) and stem (BSE) from the shoots to protect HepG2 cells against oxidative damage was studied. Five major polyphenolic compounds consisting of gallic acid, ellagic acid, protocatechuic acid, quercetin and kaempferol were identified using HPLC-DAD and ESI-MS. Cell viability assay revealed that BLE and BSE were non-cytotoxic (cell viabilities >80%) at concentration less than 250 µg/ml and 500 µg/ml, respectively. BLE and BSE improved cellular antioxidant status measured by FRAP assay and protected HepG2 cells against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. The extracts also inhibited lipid peroxidation in HepG2 cells as well as the production of reactive oxygen species. BLE and BSE could also suppress the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase during oxidative stress. The shoots of B. racemosa can be an alternative bioactive ingredient in the prevention of oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Weng Kong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sarni Mat-Junit
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhaniza Aminudin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fouad Abdulrahman Hassan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amin Ismail
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azlina Abdul Aziz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hotchkiss AT, Nuñez A, Strahan GD, Chau HK, White AK, Marais JPJ, Hom K, Vakkalanka MS, Di R, Yam KL, Khoo C. Cranberry Xyloglucan Structure and Inhibition of Escherichia coli Adhesion to Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5622-5633. [PMID: 25973733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cranberry juice has been recognized as a treatment for urinary tract infections on the basis of scientific reports of proanthocyanidin anti-adhesion activity against Escherichia coli as well as from folklore. Xyloglucan oligosaccharides were detected in cranberry juice and the residue remaining following commercial juice extraction that included pectinase maceration of the pulp. A novel xyloglucan was detected through tandem mass spectrometry analysis of an ion at m/z 1055 that was determined to be a branched, three hexose, four pentose oligosaccharide consistent with an arabino-xyloglucan structure. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis provided through-bond correlations for the α-L-Araf (1→2) α-D-Xylp (1→6) β-D-Glcp sequence, proving the S-type cranberry xyloglucan structure. Cranberry xyloglucan-rich fractions inhibited the adhesion of E. coli CFT073 and UTI89 strains to T24 human bladder epithelial cells and that of E. coli O157:H7 to HT29 human colonic epithelial cells. SSGG xyloglucan oligosaccharides represent a new cranberry bioactive component with E. coli anti-adhesion activity and high affinity for type 1 fimbriae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arland T Hotchkiss
- †Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Alberto Nuñez
- †Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Gary D Strahan
- †Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Hoa K Chau
- †Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - André K White
- †Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Jannie P J Marais
- ‡Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., One Ocean Spray Drive, Lakeville-Middleboro, Massachusetts 02349, United States
| | - Kellie Hom
- §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Malathi S Vakkalanka
- #Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Rong Di
- ⊥Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Kit L Yam
- #Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Christina Khoo
- ‡Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., One Ocean Spray Drive, Lakeville-Middleboro, Massachusetts 02349, United States
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