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Pillai U J, Cherian L, Taunk K, Iype E, Dutta M. Identification of antiviral phytochemicals from cranberry as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M pro). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129655. [PMID: 38266830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Cranberry phytochemicals are known to possess antiviral activities. In the current study, we explored the therapeutic potential of cranberry against SARS-CoV-2 by targeting its main protease (Mpro) enzyme. Firstly, phytochemicals of cranberry origin were identified from three independent databases. Subsequently, virtual screening, using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approaches, led to the identification of three lead phytochemicals namely, cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, β-carotene and epicatechin. Furthermore, in vitro enzymatic assays revealed that cyanidin 3-O-galactoside had the highest inhibitory potential with IC50 of 9.98 μM compared to the other two phytochemicals. Cyanidin 3-O-galactoside belongs to the class of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins extracted from frozen cranberry also exhibited the highest inhibitory potential with IC50 of 23.58 μg/ml compared to the extracts of carotenoids and flavanols, the class for β-carotene and epicatechin, respectively. Finally, we confirm the presence of the phytochemicals in the cranberry extracts using targeted LC-MS/MS analysis. Our results, therefore, indicate that the identified cranberry-derived bioactive compounds as well as cranberry could be used for therapeutic interventions against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisha Pillai U
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani-Dubai Campus, Academic City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lucy Cherian
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani-Dubai Campus, Academic City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khushman Taunk
- Proteomics Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Eldhose Iype
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Mainak Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani-Dubai Campus, Academic City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
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Tsiakoulias E, Gravas S, Hadjichristodoulou C, Oikonomou KG, Kyritsi M, Dadouli K, Matziri A, Kola K, Vacthsioli E, Tsiakoulia M, Gianniou M, Tzortzis V. Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study of prophylactic cranberries use in women with recurrent uncomplicated cystitis. World J Urol 2024; 42:27. [PMID: 38214795 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04741-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Τhe adherence of p-fimbriated Escherichia coli (E. coli) to urothelial cells leading to recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) may be prevented by proanthocyanidins (PACs) contained in American cranberries. PURPOSE The purpose of this clinical trial was to assess the clinical utility of prophylactic use of high-dose PACs daily in women with a history of rUTIs. MATERIALS AND METHODS 172 adult women with a history of rUTIs, defined as ≥ 2 within a 6-month period or ≥ 3 within a 12-month period were enrolled and randomized in two groups to receive either Cysticlean™ 240 mg or placebo for a 12-month period. Urine samples, vaginal and rectal swabs were collected at initial and quarterly study visits. The primary study endpoints were the number of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and changes in Quality of Life (QoL), assessed by the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) questionnaire. RESULTS 160 adult women of median age 40 years old (range 19-82) were finally analyzed in this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial. In response to intervention, the number of UTIs was significantly lower (Incidence rate ratio IRR 0.49, p < 0.001) and QoL was slightly improved. The numbers of E. coli isolates detected in vaginal (IRR 0.71, p value < 0.001) and in rectal swabs (IRR 0.87, p value < 0.001) were also significantly decreased. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION The daily use of Cysticlean™ 240 mg was associated with a reduction of UTIs and a prolongation of UTI-free survival compared to placebo treatment, supporting its use as prophylaxis in this patient population. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT03032003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Tsiakoulias
- Department of Urology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Stavros Gravas
- Department of Urology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Katerina G Oikonomou
- Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Larissa, 41221, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece
| | - Maria Kyritsi
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222, Larissa, Greece
| | - Katerina Dadouli
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222, Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexia Matziri
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kola
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222, Larissa, Greece
| | - Evangelia Vacthsioli
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222, Larissa, Greece
| | - Marianna Tsiakoulia
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Melathron Agoniston EOKA, 4549, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Michaela Gianniou
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vassilios Tzortzis
- Department of Urology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110, Larissa, Greece
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Tosi N, Favari C, Bresciani L, Flanagan E, Hornberger M, Narbad A, Del Rio D, Vauzour D, Mena P. Unravelling phenolic metabotypes in the frame of the COMBAT study, a randomized, controlled trial with cranberry supplementation. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113187. [PMID: 37689939 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Cranberry (poly)phenols may have potential health benefits. Circulating (poly)phenol metabolites can act as mediators of these effects, but they are subjected to an extensive inter-individual variability. This study aimed to quantify both plasma and urine (poly)phenol metabolites following a 12-week intake of a cranberry powder in healthy older adults, and to investigate inter-individual differences by considering the existence of urinary metabotypes related to dietary (poly)phenols. Up to 13 and 67 metabolites were quantified in plasma and urine respectively. Cranberry consumption led to changes in plasma metabolites, mainly hydroxycinnamates and hippuric acid. Individual variability in urinary metabolites was assessed using different data sets and a combination of statistical models. Three phenolic metabotypes were identified, colonic metabolism being the main driver for subject clustering. Metabotypes were characterized by quali-quantitative differences in the excretion of some metabolites such as phenyl-γ-valerolactones, hydroxycinnamic acids, and phenylpropanoic acids. Metabotypes were further confirmed when applying a model only focused on flavan-3-ol colonic metabolites. 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone derivatives were the most relevant metabolites for metabotyping. Metabotype allocation was well preserved after 12-week intervention. This metabotyping approach for cranberry metabolites represents an innovative step to handle the complexity of (poly)phenol metabolism in free-living conditions, deciphering the existence of metabotypes derived from the simultaneous consumption of different classes of (poly)phenols. These results will help contribute to studying the health effects of cranberries and other (poly)phenol-rich foods, mainly considering gut microbiota-driven individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Tosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudia Favari
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Emma Flanagan
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hornberger
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Venturini S, Reffo I, Avolio M, Basaglia G, Del Fabro G, Callegari A, Tonizzo M, Sabena A, Rondinella S, Mancini W, Conte C, Crapis M. The Management of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection: Non-Antibiotic Bundle Treatment. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10141-y. [PMID: 37584833 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) are a common condition with high morbidity and negatively impact the quality of life. They account for approximately 25% of all antibiotic prescriptions and are a public health concern in an era of increasing multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). Several non-antibiotic treatment strategies have been tried to curb antimicrobial use, and many are effective to some degree, but no experience testing multimodal interventions. We created a "care bundle" consisting of behavioral interventions, vaginal and oral probiotics, D-mannose, and cranberry to be followed for six months. We enrolled women with rUTIs over three years. Changes in urinary tract infections, antibiotic use, chronic symptoms, and quality of life were compared in the six months before and after participation in the study. Forty-seven women were enrolled in the study, six of whom were excluded from the final analysis. We observed a 76% reduction in urinary tract infections (p < 0.001) and a reduction in total antibiotic exposure of more than 90% (p < 0.001); all chronic symptoms showed a trend toward reduction. Adherence to the bundle was high (87.2%). Overall, 80.5% of women experienced an improvement in their quality of life. In our experience, a bundle protocol is effective in reducing recurrences and antimicrobial use in a cohort of women with rUTIs and results in a subjective improvement in chronic symptoms and quality of life. Further research with larger sample size is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Venturini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASFO Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Ingrid Reffo
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, ASFO Santa Maria dei Battuti Hospital of San Vito al Tagliamento (Pordenone), Pordenone, Italy.
| | - Manuela Avolio
- Department of Microbiology, ASFO Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Basaglia
- Department of Microbiology, ASFO Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Giovanni Del Fabro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASFO Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Astrid Callegari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASFO Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Maurizio Tonizzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, ASFO Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Anna Sabena
- Department of Internal Medicine, ASFO Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Stefania Rondinella
- Department of Internal Medicine, ASFO Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Walter Mancini
- Department of Nephrology, ASFO Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Carmina Conte
- Department of Nephrology, ASFO Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Massimo Crapis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASFO Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
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Mostafa H, Cheok A, Meroño T, Andres-Lacueva C, Rodriguez-Mateos A. Biomarkers of Berry Intake: Systematic Review Update. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:11789-11805. [PMID: 37499164 PMCID: PMC10416351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Berries are rich in (poly)phenols, and these compounds may be beneficial to human health. Estimating berry consumption through self-reported questionnaires has been challenging due to compliance issues and a lack of precision. Estimation via food-derived biomarkers in biofluids was proposed as a complementary alternative. We aimed to review and update the existing evidence on biomarkers of intake for six different types of berries. A systematic literature search was performed to update a previous systematic review on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from January 2020 until December 2022. Out of 42 papers, only 18 studies were eligible. A multimetabolite panel is suggested for blueberry and cranberry intake. Proposed biomarkers for blueberries include hippuric acid and malvidin glycosides. For cranberries, suggested biomarkers are glycosides of peonidin and cyanidin together with sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of phenyl-γ-valerolactone derivatives. No new metabolite candidates have been found for raspberries, strawberries, blackcurrants, and blackberries. Further studies are encouraged to validate these multimetabolite panels for improving the estimation of berry consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Mostafa
- Biomarkers
and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences
and Gastronomy, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA),
Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento
Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud
Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Alex Cheok
- Department
of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences,
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s
College London, 150 Stamford
Street, SE1 9NH London, U.K.
| | - Tomás Meroño
- Biomarkers
and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences
and Gastronomy, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA),
Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento
Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud
Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- Biomarkers
and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences
and Gastronomy, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA),
Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento
Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud
Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department
of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences,
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s
College London, 150 Stamford
Street, SE1 9NH London, U.K.
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Panda V, Patidar P, Gaikwad R, Borade S, Fernandes L. Comparative clinical evaluation of a local drug delivery of cranberry and garcinia fruit gel with tetracycline fibers for amelioration of periodontitis: A split mouth study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2023; 27:399-406. [PMID: 37593560 PMCID: PMC10431225 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_393_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study formulates and evaluates a polyberry gel comprising extracts of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) and brindle berry (Garcinia cambogia) in patients suffering from chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods The polyberry gel was evaluated for various physicochemical parameters, in vitro permeability and stability, and the active phytoconstituents were quantified by High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Total phenolic content, total antioxidants, and ascorbic acid were estimated in the two extracts by in vitro assays. Patients suffering from chronic periodontitis with probing pocket depth (PPD) up to 5 mm were divided into 3 groups of 21 patients each and treated with scaling and root planing (SRP) or SRP followed by subgingival placement of polyberry gel or tetracycline fibers (standard). Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), PPD, Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), and the salivary aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were recorded at baseline and after 1 month. Results A significant (P < 0.01) reduction in the periodontic disease parameters was observed in the standard and gel-treated groups between their baseline and 1-month time-interval readings. The polyberry gel treatment significantly (P < 0.05 for AST and P < 0.01 for the rest) attenuated the periodontitis-elevated PI, GI PPD, CAL, AST and CRP levels when compared with SRP at the end of the study and was comparable with tetracycline. Conclusion The amelioration of periodontitis and gingival inflammation may be attributed to the potent antioxidant activity of the polyphenolic phytoconstituents of the gel. The polyberry gel may thus be used as a safe adjunct to SRP/tetracycline in chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Panda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Principal K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pragya Patidar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Principal K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh Gaikwad
- Department of Periodontitis, Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shrutika Borade
- Department of Periodontitis, Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lynette Fernandes
- Department of Periodontitis, Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Zhao L, Kaser E, Lequio M, D'Mello K, Xiao H, Luechtefeld HD, Mayberry TG, Bai Q, Wakefield MR, Fang Y. Say 'No' to Cancer and 'Yes' to Cranberry: The Role of Cranberry Extract in Inhibition of Growth of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Anticancer Res 2023; 43:2933-2939. [PMID: 37351982 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.16464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality due to cancer death. Treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still challenging. Cranberries contain many rich bioactive components that may help fight cancer. The action of cranberry against some cancer types has been reported, however, its role in lung cancer has only been investigated in large-cell lung cancer. In this study, we expanded current research on the role of cranberry in LUAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A549 LUAD cancer cells were treated with commercial cranberry extract (CE). Proliferation of A549 cells was measured with a clonogenic survival assay and quick proliferation assay. Caspase-3 activity was used to evaluate apoptosis of A549 cells. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was conducted to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms involved in the action of CE. RESULTS Treatment of LUAD with CE reduced the percentage of A549 colonies. This was consistent with the decrease in the optic density of cancer cells after treatment with CE. Caspase-3 activity increased after treatment with CE. The anti-proliferative effect of CE on A549 cells correlated with reduced expression of pro-proliferation molecules cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and CDK4. The pro-apoptotic effect of CE on A549 cells correlated with the reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic molecule caspase 8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator (FLIP). CONCLUSION CE had an inhibitory effect on the growth of LUAD cells by modulation of both pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic molecules. Our research hopes to guide future treatment options for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second People's Hospital of Hefei and Hefei Hospital, Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Erin Kaser
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, U.S.A
| | - Marco Lequio
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, U.S.A
- The Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
| | - Kyle D'Mello
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, U.S.A
- The Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio - UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A
| | - Huaping Xiao
- The Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
- The Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Harrison D Luechtefeld
- The Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
| | - Trenton G Mayberry
- The Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
| | - Qian Bai
- The Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
| | - Mark R Wakefield
- The Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
| | - Yujiang Fang
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, U.S.A.;
- The Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
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Salinas-Arellano ED, Castro-Dionicio IY, Jeyaraj JG, Mirtallo Ezzone NP, Carcache de Blanco EJ. Phytochemical Profiles and Biological Studies of Selected Botanical Dietary Supplements Used in the United States. Prog Chem Org Nat Prod 2023; 122:1-162. [PMID: 37392311 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26768-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Based on their current wide bioavailability, botanical dietary supplements have become an important component of the United States healthcare system, although most of these products have limited scientific evidence for their use. The most recent American Botanical Council Market Report estimated for 2020 a 17.3% increase in sales of these products when compared to 2019, for a total sales volume of $11,261 billion. The use of botanical dietary supplements products in the United States is guided by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) from 1994, enacted by the U.S. Congress with the aim of providing more information to consumers and to facilitate access to a larger number of botanical dietary supplements available on the market than previously. Botanical dietary supplements may be formulated for and use only using crude plant samples (e.g., plant parts such as the bark, leaves, or roots) that can be processed by grinding into a dried powder. Plant parts can also be extracted with hot water to form an "herbal tea." Other preparations of botanical dietary supplements include capsules, essential oils, gummies, powders, tablets, and tinctures. Overall, botanical dietary supplements contain bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse chemotypes that typically are found at low concentration levels. These bioactive constituents usually occur in combination with inactive molecules that may induce synergy and potentiation of the effects observed when botanical dietary supplements are taken in their different forms. Most of the botanical dietary supplements available on the U.S. market have been used previously as herbal remedies or as part of traditional medicine systems from around the world. Their prior use in these systems also provides a certain level of assurance in regard to lower toxicity levels. This chapter will focus on the importance and diversity of the chemical features of bioactive secondary metabolites found in botanical dietary supplements that are responsible for their applications. Many of the active principles of botanical dietary substances are phenolics and isoprenoids, but glycosides and some alkaloids are also present. Biological studies on the active constituents of selected botanical dietary supplements will be discussed. Thus, the present chapter should be of interest for both members of the natural products scientific community, who may be performing development studies of the products available, as well as for healthcare professionals who are directly involved in the analysis of botanical interactions and evaluation of the suitability of botanical dietary supplements for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Salinas-Arellano
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ines Y Castro-Dionicio
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan G Jeyaraj
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nathan P Mirtallo Ezzone
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Esperanza J Carcache de Blanco
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Zhao S, Su Z, Liu H, Khoo C, Garrett TJ, Gu L. Predictive models built upon annotated and validated intake biomarkers in urine using paired or unpaired analysis helped to classify cranberry juice consumers in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, and crossover study. Nutr Res 2023; 109:58-70. [PMID: 36587538 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intake biomarkers of cranberry juice in women can assess consumption in clinical trials. Discriminant biomarkers in urine may explain urinary tract infection (UTI) preventive activities. We hypothesized that validated and annotated discriminant metabolites in human urine could be used as intake biomarkers in building predictive multivariate models to classify cranberry consumers. Urine samples were collected from 16 healthy women aged 18 to 29 years at baseline and after 3- and 21-day consumption of cranberry or placebo juice in a double-blind, crossover study. Urine metabolomes were analyzed using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Paired and unpaired multivariate analyses were used to annotate or identify discriminant metabolic features after cranberry consumption. Twenty-six discriminant metabolic features (paired analysis) and 27 (unpaired analysis) after cranberry consumption in an open-label intervention were rediscovered in the blinded study. These metabolites included exogenous (quinic acid) and endogenous ones (hippuric acid). The paired analysis showed better model fitting with partial least-square discriminant analysis models built on all metabolites than the unpaired analysis. Predictive models built on shared metabolites by the unpaired analysis were able to classify cranberry juice consumers with 84.4% to 100% correction rates, overall better than the paired analysis (50%-100%). The double-blind study validated discriminant metabolites from a previous open-label study. These urinary metabolites may be associated with the ability of cranberries to prevent UTIs and serve as potential cranberry intake biomarkers. It reveals the importance of selecting the right predictive models to classify cranberry consumers with higher than 95% correction rates.
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Hirabayashi K, Murch SJ, Erland LAE. Predicted impacts of climate change on wild and commercial berry habitats will have food security, conservation and agricultural implications. Sci Total Environ 2022; 845:157341. [PMID: 35842164 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is now a reality and is altering ecosystems, with Canada experiencing 2-4 times the global average rate of warming. This will have a critical impact on berry cultivation and horticulture. Enhancing our understanding of how wild and cultivated berries will perform under changing climates will be essential to mitigating impacts on ecosystems, culture and food security. Our objective was to predict the impact of climate change on habitat suitability of four berry producing Vaccinium species: two species with primarily northern distributions (V. uliginosum, V. vitis-idaea), one species with a primarily southern distribution (V. oxycoccos), and the commercially cultivated V. macrocarpon. We used the maximum entropy (Maxent) model and the CMIP6 shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) 126 and 585 projected to 2041-2060 and 2061-2080. Wild species showed a uniform northward progression and expansion of suitable habitat. Our modeling predicts that suitable growing regions for commercial cranberries are also likely to shift with some farms becoming unsuitable for the current varieties and other regions becoming more suitable for cranberry farms. Both V. macrocarpon and V. oxycoccos showed a high dependence on precipitation-associated variables. Vaccinium vitis-idaea and V. uliginosum had a greater number of variables with smaller contributions which may improve their resilience to individual climactic events. Future competition between commercial cranberry farms and wild berries in protected areas could lead to conflicts between agriculture and conservation priorities. New varieties of commercial berries are required to maintain current commercial berry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaede Hirabayashi
- Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Susan J Murch
- Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Lauren A E Erland
- Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; Agriculture, University of the Fraser Valley, Chilliwack, BC, V2R 0N9, Canada.
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11
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Nikbazm R, Rahimi Z, Moradi Y, Alipour M, Shidfar F. The effect of cranberry supplementation on Helicobacter pylori eradication in H. pylori positive subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1090-9. [PMID: 34670631 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114521004256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections. Cranberry has been suggested for H. pylori eradication. We aimed to conduct the first meta-analysis to summarise current evidence on effects of cranberry supplementation on H. pylori eradication in H. pylori positive subjects. We searched the online databases up to December 2020. Four randomised clinical trials (RCT) were included with human subjects, investigating the effect of cranberry on H. pylori eradication. The pooled results were expressed as the OR with 95 % CI. Based on five effect sizes with a total sample size of 1935 individuals, we found that according to the OR, there was a positive effect of cranberry supplementation on H. pylori eradication, increasing the chance of H. pylori eradication by 1·27 times, but this relationship was not statistically significant (overall OR: 1·27; 95 % CI 0·63, 2·58). The results also indicated the moderate between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 63·40 %; P = 0·03) of the studies. However, there were no significant differences in some subgroup analyses in the duration of treatment, the duration of follow-up and the Jadad score. Our findings revealed that although cranberry had a positive effect on H. pylori eradication in adults, this effect was not statistically significant. Due to the small number of included studies and moderate heterogeneities, the potential of cranberry supplementation on H. pylori eradication should be validated in large, multicentre and well-designed RCT in the future.
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Bartlett JE, De Bellis A. The prevention of urinary tract infections in aged care residents through the use of cranberry products: a critical analysis of the literature. Contemp Nurse 2022; 58:296-316. [PMID: 35861109 DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2022.2104332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper is a critical review examining the evidence about the prevention of urinary tract infections in aged care residents through the implementation of cranberry products. To provide a critical analysis of evidence describing the implementation and effectiveness of cranberry products for the prevention of urinary tract infections in the setting of residential aged care. METHODS A review of the quantitative literature was conducted utilising a systematic search and critical review process. A critical analysis of the literature. RESULTS The current evidence suggests indicates cranberry products decrease the occurrence of urinary tract infections in aged care residents who were are likely to benefit from the use of cranberry products as a preventative measure, however, some of the findings results were limited and contradictory. Because of gaps and insufficient research in relation to the active ingredients of cranberries - proanthocyanins. CONCLUSION The literature review identified This critical analysis demonstrates benefits in the use of cranberry products in the prevention of urinary tract infections for residents of aged care facilities. Further research and education on preventative measures could potentially lower the use of antibiotics and the incidence of urinary tract infections in residential aged care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Bartlett
- Master of Nurse Practitioner, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide Australia
| | - Anita De Bellis
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide Australia
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Delpino FM, Figueiredo LM, Gonçalves da Silva T, Flores TR. Effects of blueberry and cranberry on type 2 diabetes parameters in individuals with or without diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1093-1109. [PMID: 35282984 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Blueberry and cranberry are rich in polyphenols that are associated with diabetes reduction. This study aimed: 1) to systematically review the literature on the effects of blueberry and cranberry consumption and type 2 diabetes parameters in individuals with or without type 2 diabetes and 2) to quantify these effects by carrying out a meta-analysis. DATA SYNTHESIS A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed using articles present in seven databases (PubMed, LILACS, Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase), including publications until May 2021. We included randomized clinical trials that compared blueberry or cranberry effects on type 2 diabetes parameters, such as fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, and glycated hemoglobin. Quality of the studies was performed using the Cochrane scale, while the Egger test assessed the publication bias and meta-regression the estimated effect sizes with potential moderator variables. From the 2034 studies identified, 39 were read in full and 22 were included in meta-analysis. In individuals with diabetes, the consumption of blueberry or cranberry significantly reduced fasting blood glucose [MD: -17.72 mg/dl; 95% CI: -29.62, -5.82; p = 0.03; I2 = 57%] and glycated hemoglobin [MD: -0.32%; 95% CI: -0.57, -0.07; p = 0.15; I2 = 39%], whereas for insulin resistance the effects were null. Results were not significant for the general population, except in the sensitivity analysis for fasting blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of blueberry and cranberry significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels in individuals with diabetes, with high credibility of the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taiciane Gonçalves da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Thaynã Ramos Flores
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Ching CB. Non-antibiotic Approaches to Preventing Pediatric UTIs: a Role for D-Mannose, Cranberry, and Probiotics? Curr Urol Rep 2022. [PMID: 35441976 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-022-01094-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW While antibiotics have been a staple in the management and even prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs), it is not without significant consequences due to intolerance and development of antibiotic resistant bacteria. These concerns necessitate alternatives to antibiotic use in the management of pediatric UTIs. This review seeks to evaluate non-antibiotic means of preventing UTI in the pediatric population. RECENT FINDINGS The search for preventative alternatives to antibiotics has included D-mannose, cranberry, and probiotics. These products similarly work through competitive inhibition of uropathogens in the urinary tract. Pediatric studies exist highlighting the use of cranberry extract/juice and probiotics in UTI prevention, although significant heterogeneity amongst studies have limited overarching recommendations for their use. Data of D-mannose use is extrapolated from adult literature. More studies are required in the utility of each treatment, with some emphasis on larger sample sizes and clarifications regarding dosing and formulation.
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Tamargo A, Cueva C, Taladrid D, Khoo C, Moreno-Arribas MV, Bartolomé B, González de Llano D. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion of cranberry polyphenols under dynamic conditions. Impact on antiadhesive activity against uropathogenic bacteria. Food Chem 2022; 368:130871. [PMID: 34438174 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first dynamic simulation of gastrointestinal digestion of cranberry polyphenols [1 g cranberry extract per day (206.2 mg polyphenols) for 18 days]. Samples from the simulated ascending, transverse, and descending colon of the dynamic gastrointestinal simulator simgi® were analyzed. Results showed that 67% of the total cranberry polyphenols were recovered after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Specifically, benzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, phenylpropionic acids, phenylacetic acids, and simple phenols were identified. Cranberry feeding modified colonic microbiota composition of Enterococcaceae population significantly. However, increments in microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids, particularly in butyric acid, were observed. Finally, the simgi® effluent during cranberry feeding showed significant antiadhesive activity against uropathogenic Escherichia coli (13.7 ± 1.59 % of inhibition). Understanding the role that gut microbiota plays in cranberry metabolism could help to elucidate its interaction with the human body and explain cranberry protective effects against urinary tract infections.
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Nowaczyk PM, Bajerska J, Lasik-Kurdyś M, Radziejewska-Kubzdela E, Szwengiel A, Woźniewicz M. The effect of cranberry juice and a cranberry functional beverage on the growth and metabolic activity of selected oral bacteria. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:660. [PMID: 34930215 PMCID: PMC8686276 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-02025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral microbiota is a significant risk indicator for oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal inflammation. Much attention is presently paid to the development of functional foods (e.g. beverages containing cranberry constituents, or foods containing probiotics) that may serve as adjuncts for oral disease treatments (e.g. periodontitis and caries). Cranberry fruit, due to its unique chemical composition and antimicrobial potential, is a possible ingredient of such foods. The study aimed to investigate the effects of cranberry juice (CJ) and a cranberry functional beverage (mixture of 80% v/v apple juice, 20% v/v cranberry juice, and 0.25 g/100 mL ground cinnamon; CFB) on the growth and metabolic activity of selected oral bacteria. METHODS Serial dilution pour plate method (SDPP) was used to examine the effect of CJ and CFB on the growth of Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei. 48-h electrical impedance measurements (EIM) during the cultivation of A. naeslundii were applied to evaluate the utility of the method as a rapid alternative for the assessment of the antimicrobial potential of cranberry beverages. RESULTS The tested bacteria differed in their susceptibility to the antimicrobial action of CJ and CFB, with L. paracasei subsp. paracasei being least vulnerable to CFB (according to SDPP). Although CJ at a concentration of 0.5 mL/mL, showed a bactericidal effect on the growth of S. mutans, A. naeslundii was more sensitive to CJ (SDPP). Its inhibitory effect on A. naeslundii was seen even at concentrations as small as 0.03125-0.125 mL/mL (SDPP and EIM). On the other hand, S. mutans seemed to be more vulnerable to CFB than A. naeslundii (SDPP). CONCLUSIONS CFB may be considered an adjunct in the treatment of oral diseases due to its action against selected oral pathogens, and not against the presumably beneficial L. paracasei subsp. paracasei. Bioelectrical impedance measurements appear to be a quick alternative to evaluating the antimicrobial activity of fruit beverages, but their utility should be confirmed with tests on other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M Nowaczyk
- Department of Sports Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Bajerska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lasik-Kurdyś
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Radziejewska-Kubzdela
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
| | - Artur Szwengiel
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Woźniewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland.
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Meena J, Thomas CC, Kumar J, Raut S, Hari P. Non-antibiotic interventions for prevention of urinary tract infections in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:3535-3545. [PMID: 34156540 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A considerable proportion of children experience a recurrence of urinary tract infection (UTI) following the first episode. While low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis has been the mainstay for the prevention of UTI, recent evidence raised concerns over their efficacy and safety. Hence, we aim to systematically synthesize evidence on the efficacy and safety of non-antibiotic prophylactic interventions for UTI. Using keywords related to study population (children) and intervention (non-antibiotic), we searched CENTRAL, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until August 2020. RCTs comparing any non-antibiotic interventions with placebo/antibiotics for prevention of UTIs in children were considered eligible. We used a random-effect model to provide pooled estimates. Sixteen trials evaluating 1426 participants were included. Cranberry was as effective as antibiotic prophylaxis (RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.56-1.50) but better than placebo/no therapy (RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.28-0.80) in reducing UTI recurrence. Probiotic therapy was more effective in reducing UTI recurrence (RR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.29-0.94) when compared with placebo. While probiotic therapy was not better than antibiotics prophylaxis in preventing UTI (RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.56-1.21), they have a lower risk of antibiotic resistance (RR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.21-0.69).Conclusion: Cranberry products and probiotics are the two non-antibiotic interventions that have been chiefly evaluated, reduce the risk of UTI recurrence when compared with placebo in children with a normal urinary tract. The findings from this systematic review suggest that while cranberry and probiotics may be used, there is a definite need to identify better and more acceptable non-antibiotic interventions. What is Known: • Efficacy of the low-dose antibiotic is controversial in preventing UTI and it is associated with increase in the risk of antimicrobial resistance. • Non-antibiotic interventions such as cranberry products are effective in preventing UTI recurrence in adults. What is New: • Cranberry products are effective in reducing the recurrence of UTI in children with normal urinary tract. • Low-quality evidence suggests that probiotics can be a potential prophylactic measure to reduce recurrence of UTI in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Meena
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Jogender Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sumantra Raut
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, NRS Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Pankaj Hari
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, ICMR Center for Advanced Research in Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Masnadi Shirazi K, Shirinpour E, Masnadi Shirazi A, Nikniaz Z. Effect of cranberry supplementation on liver enzymes and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with NAFLD: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:283. [PMID: 34798892 PMCID: PMC8603491 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to evaluate the effect of cranberry supplementation on serum liver enzymes, hepatic steatosis, and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD). Methods In the present parallel-designed randomized controlled clinical trial, 110 patients with NAFLD were enrolled. The patients were randomized to receive 144 mg cranberry capsule or placebo for 6 months. The primary efficacy of the treatment was lipid profile, glycemic measurements, and liver enzyme levels. Results The data were reported for 46 in the supplementation group and 48 in the placebo group. The patient’s mean (SD) age was 43.16 (11.08) years. No significant differences between groups were observed regarding the post-intervention level of liver enzyme. The mean after-intervention levels of total cholesterol (p < 0.001) and triglyceride (p = 0.01) were significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the placebo group. At the end of the study, the mean insulin and HOMA-IR levels were significantly lower in the cranberry group compared with the placebo group. Significantly more patients in the cranberry group experienced a decrease in steatosis level compared with the control group. Conclusion The results of the present study showed that cranberry supplementation had a positive effect on some lipid profiles, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in patients with NAFLD. Trial registration IRCT20200725048200N1; first registration date: 11.8.2020. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03436-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Masnadi Shirazi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Shirinpour
- Student research committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Zeinab Nikniaz
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Faggian M, Bernabè G, Valente M, Francescato S, Baratto G, Brun P, Castagliuolo I, Dall'Acqua S, Peron G. Characterization of PACs profile and bioactivity of a novel nutraceutical combining cranberry extracts with different PAC-A oligomers, D-mannose and ascorbic acid: An in vivo/ex vivo evaluation of dual mechanism of action on intestinal barrier and urinary epithelium. Food Res Int 2021; 149:110649. [PMID: 34600651 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an A-type procyanidin (PAC)-rich cranberry extract (CB-B) was obtained mixing different extracts and was formulated with D-mannose and ascorbic acid to obtain a novel nutraceutical (URO-F) aimed at preventing non-complicated bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs). To assess the bioactivity of CB-B and URO-F, urine samples collected from six healthy volunteers undergoing a 2-days oral consumption of 0.41 g/day of CB-B or 10 g/day of URO-F (corresponding to 72 mg/day of PACs) were tested against uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) incubated on urinary bladder epithelial cells (T24). Urinary markers of CB-B and URO-F consumption were assessed in the same urine output by UPLC-QTOF-based untargeted metabolomics approach. CB-B and URO-F were evaluated for their ability to promote the intestinal barrier function by restoring the trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and to inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines in intestinal epithelial Caco2 cells. CB-B was characterized by a high PAC-A content (70% of total PACs) and a broad distribution of different PACs polymers (dimers-hexamers). Urine from subjects consuming CB-B and URO-F showed a significant effect in reducing the adhesion of UPEC to urothelium in vitro, supporting their efficacy as anti-adhesive agents after oral intake. CB-B inhibited the release of cytokine IL-8, and both products were effective in restoring the TEER. Overall, our results show that the beneficial effects of CB-B and URO-F on UTIs are not only due to the antiadhesive activity of cranberry on UPEC in the urothelium, but also to a multi-target activity involving anti-inflammatory and permeability-enhancing effects on intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Faggian
- Unired srl, Via Niccolò Tommaseo 69, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giulia Bernabè
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Marco Valente
- Unifarco spa, Via Cal Longa 62, 32035 Santa Giustina, Belluno, Italy.
| | | | - Gianni Baratto
- Unired srl, Via Niccolò Tommaseo 69, 35131 Padova, Italy; Unifarco spa, Via Cal Longa 62, 32035 Santa Giustina, Belluno, Italy.
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Ignazio Castagliuolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Unired srl, Via Niccolò Tommaseo 69, 35131 Padova, Italy; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Gregorio Peron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Xu J, Huo Y, Dong K, Geng J, Dong M, Tian Y, Li Y, Sun H. Development of Novel Polymorphic EST-SSR Markers from the Cranberry Fruit Transcriptome. Iran J Biotechnol 2021; 19:e2499. [PMID: 34435053 PMCID: PMC8358175 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2021.2499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) has high developmental prospects and great research value. Cranberry has a narrow genetic base, however, its morphological characteristics
are not easily distinguishable. Besides, traditional breeding methods are limited, and breeding progress on cranberry cultivars has been slow. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess polymorphic EST-SSR markers developed from a cranberry fruit transcriptomic sequencing library to provide candidate
EST-SSR sequences for future research on stress resistance breeding of cranberry. Materials and Methods: Thirteen cranberry accessions were used for EST-SSR analysis, and 16 accessions of other Vaccinium species were used to test primer transferability.
Genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves of 6-year-old cranberry plants and subjected to PCR amplification. A binary matrix was established and analyzed in NTSYS-pc v.2.10e
for calculation of the genetic similarity of cranberry cultivars and construction of a cluster dendrogram. Results: A total of 47 stress-resistance-related primer pairs were designed, of which 7 pairs showed polymorphism. The average number of effective alleles was 1.844, and the average expected heterozygosity was 0.455. The average transfer rate was 63.39%. Genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.28 to 1.00, with an average of 0.76. UPGMA clustering divided the 13 cranberry accessions into four groups at a genetic similarity of 0.74. Conclusions: The seven polymorphic EST-SSR markers were able to reveal genetic relationships among 13 cranberry accessions and can be used for future research on stress resistance breeding of cranberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Engineering Center of Genetic Breeding and Innovative Utilization of Small Fruits of Jilin Province, College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Yile Huo
- Engineering Center of Genetic Breeding and Innovative Utilization of Small Fruits of Jilin Province, College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Kun Dong
- Engineering Center of Genetic Breeding and Innovative Utilization of Small Fruits of Jilin Province, College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Jinman Geng
- Engineering Center of Genetic Breeding and Innovative Utilization of Small Fruits of Jilin Province, College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Mei Dong
- Engineering Center of Genetic Breeding and Innovative Utilization of Small Fruits of Jilin Province, College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Youwen Tian
- Engineering Center of Genetic Breeding and Innovative Utilization of Small Fruits of Jilin Province, College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Yadong Li
- Engineering Center of Genetic Breeding and Innovative Utilization of Small Fruits of Jilin Province, College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Haiyue Sun
- Engineering Center of Genetic Breeding and Innovative Utilization of Small Fruits of Jilin Province, College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
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21
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Liu J, Hao W, He Z, Kwek E, Zhu H, Ma N, Ma KY, Chen ZY. Blueberry and cranberry anthocyanin extracts reduce bodyweight and modulate gut microbiota in C57BL/6 J mice fed with a high-fat diet. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2735-2746. [PMID: 33392758 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Blueberry and cranberry are rich in anthocyanins. The present study was to investigate the effects of anthocyanin extracts from blueberry and cranberry on body weight and gut microbiota. METHODS C57BL/6 J Mice were divided into six groups (n = 9 each) fed one of six diets namely low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with the addition of 1% blueberry extract (BL), 2% blueberry extract (BH), 1% cranberry extract (CL), and 2% cranberry extract (CH), respectively. RESULTS Feeding BL and BH diets significantly decreased body weight gain by 20-23%, total adipose tissue weight by 18-20%, and total liver lipids by 16-18% compared with feeding HFD. Feeding CH diet but not CL diet reduced the body weight by 27%, accompanied by a significant reduction of total plasma cholesterol by 25% and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by 38%. The metagenomic analysis showed that the supplementation of blueberry and cranberry anthocyanin extracts reduced plasma lipopolysaccharide concentration, accompanied by a reduction in the relative abundance of Rikenella and Rikenellaceae. Dietary supplementation of berry anthocyanin extracts promoted the growth of Lachnoclostridium, Roseburia, and Clostridium_innocuum_group in genus level, leading to a greater production of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that both berry anthocyanins could manage the body weight and favorably modulate the gut microbiota at least in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, NT, China
| | - Wangjun Hao
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, NT, China
| | - Zouyan He
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, NT, China
| | - Erika Kwek
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, NT, China
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, NT, China
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Ka Ying Ma
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, NT, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, NT, China.
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22
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Bai Q, Hunzeker ZE, Zhu Z, Lequio M, Willson CM, Xiao H, Wakefield MR, Fang Y. Cranberry Extract Is a Potent Radiosensitizer for Glioblastoma. Anticancer Res 2021; 41:3337-3341. [PMID: 34230129 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Glioblastoma, also known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is the most aggressive type of primary brain tumor and a cornerstone in its treatment is radiotherapy (RT). However, RT for GBM is largely ineffective at clinically safe doses, thus, the study of radiosensitizers is of great significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS With accumulating evidence for the anticancer effect of compounds from cranberry, this study was designed to investigate if cranberry extract (CE) sensitizes GBM to RT in the widely used human glioblastoma cell line U87. We utilized clonogenic survival assays, cell proliferation assays, and caspase-3 activity kits. Potential proliferative and apoptotic molecular mechanisms were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We found that CE alone had little effect on the survival of U87 cells. However, RT supplemented by CE significantly inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of U87 cells when compared with RT alone. The proliferation-inhibitory effect of RT/CE might be attributable to the up-regulation of p21, along with the down-regulation of cyclin B and cyclin-dependent kinase 4. This pro-apoptotic effect might additionally be attributable to the down-regulation of survivin. CONCLUSION These results warrant further study of the potential radiosensitizing capacity of CE in glioblastoma and other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Bai
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
| | - Zachary E Hunzeker
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
| | - Ziwen Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
| | - Marco Lequio
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, U.S.A.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, U.S.A
| | - Conner M Willson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, U.S.A
| | - Huaping Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, U.S.A
| | - Mark R Wakefield
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, U.S.A.; .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, U.S.A
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23
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Li Z, Ma J, Guo Y, Liu W, Li M, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhou T, Zhang J, Gao H, Guo X, Ye D, Li W, You W, Pan K. Suppression of Helicobacter pylori infection by daily cranberry intake: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:927-935. [PMID: 32783238 PMCID: PMC8246812 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Dietary strategies that contribute to reducing incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection without negative side effects are highly desirable owing to worldwide bacterial prevalence and carcinogenesis potential. The aim of this study was to determine dosage effect of daily cranberry consumption on H. pylori suppression over time in infected adults to assess the potential of this complementary management strategy in a region with high gastric cancer risk and high prevalence of H. pylori infection. METHODS This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on 522 H. pylori-positive adults evaluated dose-response effects of proanthocyanidin-standardized cranberry juice, cranberry powder, or their placebos on suppression of H. pylori at 2 and 8 weeks by 13 C-urea breath testing and eradication at 45 days post-intervention. RESULTS H. pylori-negative rates in placebo, low-proanthocyanidin, medium-proanthocyanidin, and high-proanthocyanidin cranberry juice groups at week 2 were 13.24%, 7.58%, 1.49%, and 13.85% and at week 8 were 7.35%, 7.58%, 4.48%, and 20.00%, respectively. Consumption of high-proanthocyanidin juice twice daily (44 mg proanthocyanidin/240-mL serving) for 8 weeks resulted in decreased H. pylori infection rate by 20% as compared with other dosages and placebo (P < 0.05). Percentage of H. pylori-negative participants increased from 2 to 8 weeks in subjects who consumed 44 mg proanthocyanidin/day juice once or twice daily, showing a statistically significant positive trend over time. Encapsulated cranberry powder doses were not significantly effective at either time point. Overall trial compliance was 94.25%. Cranberry juice and powder were well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Twice-daily consumption of proanthocyanidin-standardized cranberry juice may help potentiate suppression of H. pylori infection. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR1800017522, per WHO ICTRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe‐Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Jun‐Ling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Yang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Wei‐Dong Liu
- Office for Gastric Cancer PreventionLinqu County Public Health BureauShandongChina
| | - Ming Li
- Office for Gastric Cancer PreventionLinqu County Public Health BureauShandongChina
| | - Lan‐Fu Zhang
- Office for Gastric Cancer PreventionLinqu County Public Health BureauShandongChina
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Jing‐Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Ha‐Er Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Xiao‐Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Dong‐Man Ye
- Department of Medical Imaging, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteCancer Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Wen‐Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Wei‐Cheng You
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Kai‐Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
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24
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Babar A, Moore L, Leblanc V, Dudonné S, Desjardins Y, Lemieux S, Bochard V, Guyonnet D, Dodin S. High dose versus low dose standardized cranberry proanthocyanidin extract for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection in healthy women: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. BMC Urol 2021; 21:44. [PMID: 33757474 PMCID: PMC7986024 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00811-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our objective was to assess the efficacy of a high dose cranberry proanthocyanidin extract for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS We recruited 145 healthy, adult women with a history of recurrent urinary tract infection, defined as ≥ 2 in the past 6 months or ≥ 3 in the past 12 months in this randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Participants were randomized to receive a high dose of standardized, commercially available cranberry proanthocyanidins (2 × 18.5 mg daily, n = 72) or a control low dose (2 × 1 mg daily, n = 73) for a 24-week period. During follow-up, symptomatic women provided urine samples for detection of pyuria and/or bacteriuria and received an appropriate antibiotic prescription. The primary outcome for the trial was the mean number of new symptomatic urinary tract infections during a 24-week intervention period. Secondary outcomes included symptomatic urinary tract infection with pyuria or bacteriuria. RESULTS In response to the intervention, a non-significant 24% decrease in the number of symptomatic urinary tract infections was observed between groups (Incidence rate ratio 0.76, 95%CI 0.51-1.11). Post-hoc analyses indicated that among 97 women who experienced less than 5 infections in the year preceding enrolment, the high dose was associated with a significant decrease in the number of symptomatic urinary tract infections reported compared to the low dose (age-adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.57, 95%CI 0.33-0.99). No major side effects were reported. CONCLUSION High dose twice daily proanthocyanidin extract was not associated with a reduction in the number of symptomatic urinary tract infections when compared to a low dose proanthocyanidin extract. Our post-hoc results reveal that this high dose of proanthocyanidins may have a preventive impact on symptomatic urinary tract infection recurrence in women who experienced less than 5 infections per year. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02572895.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Babar
- CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center, Québec City, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Lynne Moore
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Vicky Leblanc
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Dudonné
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Simone Lemieux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | | | | | - Sylvie Dodin
- CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center, Québec City, Canada. .,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, Canada. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Francois D'Assise Hospital, Laval University, 10 Espinay Road, Québec City, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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25
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Straub TJ, Chou WC, Manson AL, Schreiber HL, Walker BJ, Desjardins CA, Chapman SB, Kaspar KL, Kahsai OJ, Traylor E, Dodson KW, Hullar MAJ, Hultgren SJ, Khoo C, Earl AM. Limited effects of long-term daily cranberry consumption on the gut microbiome in a placebo-controlled study of women with recurrent urinary tract infections. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:53. [PMID: 33596852 PMCID: PMC7890861 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect 15 million women each year in the United States, with > 20% experiencing frequent recurrent UTIs. A recent placebo-controlled clinical trial found a 39% reduction in UTI symptoms among recurrent UTI sufferers who consumed a daily cranberry beverage for 24 weeks. Using metagenomic sequencing of stool from a subset of these trial participants, we assessed the impact of cranberry consumption on the gut microbiota, a reservoir for UTI-causing pathogens such as Escherichia coli, which causes > 80% of UTIs. RESULTS The overall taxonomic composition, community diversity, carriage of functional pathways and gene families, and relative abundances of the vast majority of observed bacterial taxa, including E. coli, were not changed significantly by cranberry consumption. However, one unnamed Flavonifractor species (OTU41), which represented ≤1% of the overall metagenome, was significantly less abundant in cranberry consumers compared to placebo at trial completion. Given Flavonifractor's association with negative human health effects, we sought to determine OTU41 characteristic genes that may explain its differential abundance and/or relationship to key host functions. Using comparative genomic and metagenomic techniques, we identified genes in OTU41 related to transport and metabolism of various compounds, including tryptophan and cobalamin, which have been shown to play roles in host-microbe interactions. CONCLUSION While our results indicated that cranberry juice consumption had little impact on global measures of the microbiome, we found one unnamed Flavonifractor species differed significantly between study arms. This suggests further studies are needed to assess the role of cranberry consumption and Flavonifractor in health and wellbeing in the context of recurrent UTI. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01776021 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Straub
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Abigail L Manson
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Henry L Schreiber
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Bruce J Walker
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Christopher A Desjardins
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Sinéad B Chapman
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Orsalem J Kahsai
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Traylor
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen W Dodson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meredith A J Hullar
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott J Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Ashlee M Earl
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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26
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Fatel ECS, Rosa FT, Alfieri DF, Flauzino T, Scavuzzi BM, Lozovoy MAB, Iriyoda TMV, Simão ANC, Dichi I. Beneficial effects of fish oil and cranberry juice on disease activity and inflammatory biomarkers in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Nutrition 2021; 86:111183. [PMID: 33636418 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether cranberry juice consumption would ameliorate laboratory and clinical measurements of disease activity in people with rheumatoid arthritis receiving fish oil supplementation. METHODS A prospective study was performed with 62 people with rheumatoid arthritis. We analyzed C-reactive protein modification of the Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28-CRP) and inflammatory markers. The first group was assigned to eat their typical diet, a second group was asked to consume 3 g of fish oil ω-3 fatty acids daily, and a third group received both 3 g of fish oil n-3 fatty acids and 500 mL of reduced-calorie cranberry juice daily. RESULTS Compared with baseline values, the group receiving both fish oil and cranberry juice showed reductions in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.033), C-reactive protein (P = 0.002), DAS28-CRP (P = 0.001), adiponectin (P = 0.021), and interleukin-6 levels (P = 0.045), whereas the fish oil group showed decreased DAS28-CRP (P = 0.0261) and adiponectin (P = 0.0239). Differences across treatments showed that the group receiving both fish oil and cranberry experienced reductions (P < 0.05) in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein compared to the control group and the group treated with fish oil alone, and a reduction in DAS28-CRP was verified when the fish oil and cranberry group was compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS The ingestion of cranberry juice adds beneficial effects to fish oil supplementation, decreasing disease activity and inflammatory biomarkers in people with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis C S Fatel
- Health Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Flávia T Rosa
- Department of Nutrition, Centro Universitário Filadélfia Londrina (UNIFIL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - Daniela F Alfieri
- Health Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Tamires Flauzino
- Health Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Bruna M Scavuzzi
- Health Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marcell A B Lozovoy
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Andréa N C Simão
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Isaias Dichi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
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27
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Bresciani L, Di Pede G, Favari C, Calani L, Francinelli V, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Allegrini P, Mena P, Del Rio D. In vitro (poly)phenol catabolism of unformulated- and phytosome-formulated cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) extracts. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110137. [PMID: 33642004 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon) represent an important source of anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols and flavonols. This study aimed at investigating in vitro the human microbial metabolism of (poly)phenols, principally flavan-3-ols, of unformulated- and phytosome-formulated cranberry extracts. After powder characterization, a 24-h fermentation with human faecal slurries was performed, standardizing the concentration of incubated proanthocyanidins. Cranberry (poly)phenol metabolites were quantified by uHPLC-MS2 analyses. The native compounds of both unformulated- and phytosome-formulated cranberry extracts were metabolized under faecal microbiota activity, resulting in twenty-four microbial metabolites. Although some differences appeared when considering different classes of colonic metabolites, no significant differences in the total amount of metabolites were established after 24 h of incubation period. These results suggested that a different formulation had no effect on flavan-3-ol colonic metabolism of cranberry and both unformulated- and phytosome-formulated extract. Both formulations displayed the capability to be a potential source of compounds which could lead to a wide array of gut microbiota metabolites in vitro.
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28
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Ulaszewska M, Garcia-Aloy M, Vázquez-Manjarrez N, Soria-Florido MT, Llorach R, Mattivi F, Manach C. Food intake biomarkers for berries and grapes. Genes Nutr 2020; 15:17. [PMID: 32967625 PMCID: PMC7509942 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Grapes and berries are two types of widely consumed fruits characterized by a high content in different phytochemicals. However, their accurate dietary assessment is particularly arduous, because of the already wide recognized bias associated with self-reporting methods, combined with the large range of species and cultivars and the fact that these fruits are popularly consumed not only in fresh and frozen forms but also as processed and derived products, including dried and canned fruits, beverages, jams, and jellies. Reporting precise type and/or quantity of grape and berries in FFQ or diaries can obviously be affected by errors. Recently, biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) rose as a promising tool to provide accurate information indicating consumption of certain food items. Protocols for performing systematic reviews in this field, as well as for assessing the validity of candidate BFIs have been developed within the Food Biomarker Alliance (FoodBAll) Project. This paper aims to evaluate the putative BIFs for blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, cranberries, blackcurrant, and grapes. Candidate BFIs for grapes were resveratrol metabolites and tartaric acid. The metabolites considered as putative BFI for berries consumption were mostly anthocyanins derivatives together with several metabolites of ellagitannins and some aroma compounds. However, identification of BFIs for single berry types encountered more difficulties. In the absence of highly specific metabolites reported to date, we suggested some multi-metabolite panels that may be further investigated as putative biomarkers for some berry fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ulaszewska
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre Food Quality and Nutrition, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Center for Omics Sciences, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility - ProMeFa, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - N Vázquez-Manjarrez
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Dirección de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Slavador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M T Soria-Florido
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Llorach
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Mattivi
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre Food Quality and Nutrition, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trent, Trento, Italy
| | - C Manach
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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29
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Abstract
Background The recurrence of the urinary tract infections (UTI), following the antibiotic treatments suggests the pathogen’s resistance to conventional antibiotics. This calls for the exploration of an alternative therapy. Main body The anti-uropathogenic and bactericidal activity of many plant extracts was reported by many researchers, which involves only preliminary antibacterial studies using different basic techniques like disk diffusion, agar well diffusion, or minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the crude plant extracts, but reports on the specific action of the phytoconstituents against uropathogens are limited. Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton (cranberry) is the best-studied home remedy for UTI. Some evidences suggest that proanthocyanins present in cranberry, prevent bacteria from adhering to the walls of the urinary tract, subsequently blocking the further steps of uropathogenesis. Probiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are beneficial microorganisms that may act by the competitive exclusion principle to defend against infections in the urogenital tracts. Reports on potential vaccine agents and antibodies targeting the different toxins and effecter proteins are still obscure except uropathogenic E. coli. Conclusion This review highlights some of the medicinal herbs used by aborigines to prevent or treat acute or chronic urinary tract infections, botanicals with established urobactericidal activity, clinical trials undertaken to compare the efficacy of cranberry products in UTI prevention, and other natural therapeutics reported for UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Das
- Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Orissa 760007 India
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Madhavan K, Rustagi S, Jena R, Singh UP, Ansari M, Srivastava A, Kapoor R, Sureka SK. A prospective randomized study to define the role of low dose continuous prophylactic antibiotics and anti-adherence agents in altering the microbial colonization related to indwelling double-J stents. Asian J Urol 2020; 8:269-274. [PMID: 34401333 PMCID: PMC8356036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Despite conflicting evidence, it is common practice to use continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) in patients with indwelling double-J (DJ) stents. Cranberry extracts and d-mannose have been shown to prevent colonization of the urinary tract. We evaluated their role in this setting. Methods We conducted a prospective randomized study to evaluate patients with indwelling DJ stents following urological procedures. They were randomized into three groups. Group A (n=46) received CAP (nitrofurantoin 100 mg once daily [OD]). Group B (n=48) received cranberry extract 300 mg and d-mannose 600 mg twice daily (BD). Group C (n=40) received no prophylaxis. The stents were removed between 15 days and 45 days after surgery. Three groups were compared in terms of colonization of stent and urine, stent related symptoms and febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) during the period of indwelling stent and until 1 week after removal. Results In Group A, 9 (19.5%) patients had significant bacterial growth on the stents. This was 8 (16.7%) in the Group B and 5 (12.5%) in Group C (p-value: 0.743). However, the culture positivity rate of urine specimens showed a significant difference (p-value: 0.023) with Group B showing least colonization of urine compared to groups A and C. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of stent related symptoms (p-value: 0.242) or febrile UTIs (p-value: 0.399) among the groups. Conclusion Prophylactic agents have no role in altering bacterial growth on temporary indwelling DJ stent, stent related symptoms or febrile UTIs. Cranberry extract may reduce the colonization of urinary tract, but its clinical significance needs further evaluation.
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Esquivel-Alvarado D, Alfaro-Viquez E, Krueger CG, Vestling MM, Reed JD. Classification of proanthocyanidin profiles using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) spectra data combined with multivariate analysis. Food Chem 2021; 336:127667. [PMID: 32758802 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidin (PAC) profiles of apples (a-PAC), cranberries (c-PAC), and peanut skins (p-PAC) were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Deconvolution of overlapping isotopic patterns indicated that in apples, only 5% of the PAC oligomers contain one or more A-type bonds, whereas in cranberries and peanut skins, 96% of the PAC oligomers contain one or more A-type bonds. MALDI-TOF MS data combined with multivariate analysis, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), were used to differentiate and discriminate a-PAC, c-PAC, and p-PAC from one another. Mixtures of c-PAC with either a-PAC or p-PAC at different w/w ratios were evaluated by LDA modeling. The LDA model classified the training, testing, and validation sets with 99.4%, 100%, and 94.2% accuracy. Results suggest that MALDI-TOF MS and multivariate analysis are useful in determining authenticity of PAC from different sources and mixtures of PAC sources.
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Scharf B, Schmidt TJ, Rabbani S, Stork C, Dobrindt U, Sendker J, Ernst B, Hensel A. Antiadhesive natural products against uropathogenic E. coli: What can we learn from cranberry extract? J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 257:112889. [PMID: 32311481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Extracts from Cranberry fruits (Vaccinium macrocarpon) are traditionally used against urinary tract infections, mainly due to antiadhesive activity against uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), but the exact mode of action and compounds, responsible for the activity, are unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY i. To investigate if cranberry extract acts only by a single component or must be assessed as a multi-active-compound preparation; ii to screen isolated cranberry-related natural products under in vitro conditions to pinpoint natural products with antiadhesive effects against UPEC, followed by in silico calculations (QSAR) to predict potential antiadhesive compounds; iii. investigations by using urine samples from cranberry treated volunteers for evaluation on the bacterial transcriptome and the mannose-binding side of FimH, iv. to investigate if besides Tamm Horsfall Protein induction in the kidney, the extract acts also directly against UPEC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Antiadhesive activity of 105 compounds was determined by flow cytometric adhesion assay (UPEC UTI89 on T24 bladder cells). Urine samples from 16 volunteers treated with cranberry extract (p.o., 7 days, 900 mg/day) were used for ex vivo testing concerning influence on the bacterial transcriptome (Illumina RNA-seq) and interaction with the mannose binding domain of type-1 fimbriae. RESULTS i. The antiadhesive effect of cranberry extract cannot be attributed to a single compound or to a single fraction. ii. Unglycosylated flavones and flavonols with bulky substitution of the B ring contribute to the antiadhesive activity. 3'-8″-biflavones and flavolignans (not related to cranberry fruits) were identified as potent antiadhesive compounds against UPEC. iii. QSAR yielded a model with good statistical performance and sufficient internal and external predictive ability. iv. Urine samples from male cranberry-treated volunteers indicated significant interaction with the mannose binding domain of type-1 fimbriae, which correlated with the amount of Tamm-Horsfall Protein in the test samples. v Cranberry extract did not influence the UPEC transcriptome; gene expression of bacterial adhesins (P-, S-fimbrae, curli) was not influenced by the urine samples, while a slight, but non-significant upregulation of type 1 fimbriae was observed. CONCLUSIONS B-ring substituted flavones and flavonols from cranberry contribute to the antiadhesive activity against UPEC by inhibition of the FimH-mediated interaction with the host cell bladder epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Scharf
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas J Schmidt
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Münster, Germany
| | - Said Rabbani
- University of Basel, Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, Molecular Pharmacy, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Stork
- University Hospital Münster, Institute of Hygiene, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- University Hospital Münster, Institute of Hygiene, Münster, Germany
| | - Jandirk Sendker
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Münster, Germany
| | - Beat Ernst
- University of Basel, Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, Molecular Pharmacy, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hensel
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Münster, Germany.
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Singhal R, Patil P, Siddibhavi M, Ankola AV, Sankeshwari R, Kumar V. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effect of Cranberry Extract on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020; 13:11-15. [PMID: 32581471 PMCID: PMC7299879 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nature has been a source of medicinal treatments since millennia and plant-based systems continue to play an essential role. Aim To study the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect of cranberry on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Materials and methods The ethanolic extract of cranberry was tested against standard MTCC strains of S. mutans (MTCC 25175) and L. acidophilus (MTCC 8129) for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The time kill assay was performed to check the time-dependent bactericidal effect of the cranberry extract on microorganisms. Percentage of cell adhesion and biofilm inhibition of the dental microorganism at various doses of cranberry extract was measured by a spectrophotometer and biofilm morphology characteristics were observed under scanning electron microscopy. All the tests were carried out in triplicates. Data were computed in the SPSS software and mean/SD was determined. The results are presented in a descriptive manner; Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Friedman's test were applied for comparative evaluation of the groups. p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The results showed that MICs of cranberry extract against S. mutans and L. acidophilus are 12.5 mg/dL and 6.125 mg/dL, respectively, and MBCs are 25 mg/dL and 12.5 mg/dL, respectively. A significant decrease in the biofilm formation and cell adhesion of microorganisms at MIC (50%) and MBC (70%) was observed as compared to control as observed under a spectrophotometer and a scanning electron microscope. Conclusion This study has identified bactericidal, bacteriostatic, and antibiofilm effects of cranberry extract against S. mutans and L. acidophilus in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. How to cite this article Singhal R, Patil P, Siddibhavi M, et al. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effect of Cranberry Extract on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(1):11–15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Singhal
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Pratibha Patil
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahantesh Siddibhavi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Anil V Ankola
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Roopali Sankeshwari
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaibhav Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, TPCT's Terna Dental College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Hormoznejad R, Mohammad Shahi M, Rahim F, Helli B, Alavinejad P, Sharhani A. Combined cranberry supplementation and weight loss diet in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:991-1000. [PMID: 32237922 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1746957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A double-blind placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial was conducted on 41 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Participants were randomly allocated to receive either a cranberry supplement or a placebo for 12 weeks. Both groups were assigned to follow a weight loss diet. At the end of the study, alanine aminotransferase and insulin decreased significantly in both groups (p < .05); however, this reduction was significantly greater in the cranberry group than in the placebo group (p < .05). Significant improvements in insulin resistance were observed in the cranberry group and between the two groups (p < .001 and p = .020, respectively). Also, there was an improvement in steatosis grade and anthropometric measurements in both groups (p < .05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups in regard to these factors (p > .05). It seems that 288 mg of cranberry extract might improve managing NAFLD, which is equivalent to 26 g of dried cranberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razie Hormoznejad
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Mohammad Shahi
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Para-Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fakher Rahim
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran.,Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bijan Helli
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Para-Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Pezhman Alavinejad
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Ahvaz Imam Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Asaad Sharhani
- Department of Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, School of public health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
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Mansouri RA, Percival SS. Cranberry extract initiates intrinsic apoptosis in HL-60 cells by increasing BAD activity through inhibition of AKT phosphorylation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:71. [PMID: 32143616 PMCID: PMC7076838 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2870-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cranberry has been studied as a potential anticancer agent as it is capable of inducing apoptosis within cancer cells. The aim of this study was to better define the mechanism by which cranberry triggers apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Methods The study was carried on cranberry extracts (CB). Anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) and pro-apoptotic BCL-2-associated death promoter death (BAD) proteins in cell lysates were detected through Western blotting techniques. Equivalent protein loading was confirmed through anti-α-tubulin antibody. Results The results showed that treatment of HL-60 cells with CB causes a significant increase in the levels of caspase-9 and caspases-3/7 and increased mitochondrial outer membrane permeability, leading to the release of cytochrome C and Smac. These apoptotic events were associated with a significant decrease in protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation, which caused significant increase in BAD de-phosphorylation and promoted a sequence of events that led to intrinsic apoptosis. Conclusion The study findings have described a molecular framework for CB-initiated apoptosis in HL-60 cells and suggested a direction for future in vivo studies investigating the anticancer effect of cranberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Mansouri
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Susan S Percival
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Gbinigie O, Allen J, Boylan AM, Hay A, Heneghan C, Moore M, Williams N, Butler C. Does cranberry extract reduce antibiotic use for symptoms of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections (CUTI)? Protocol for a feasibility study. Trials 2019; 20:767. [PMID: 31870413 PMCID: PMC6929469 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consultations in primary care for symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common and patients are frequently treated with antibiotics. Given increasing antimicrobial resistance, there has been interest in non-antibiotic treatment options for common infections. One such option is the use of cranberry extract to treat symptoms attributable to UTIs. METHODS A target of 45 women consulting in primary care, with symptoms suggestive of an uncomplicated UTI for whom the practitioner would normally prescribe antibiotics, will be randomised to receive one of three treatment approaches: (1) immediate prescription for antibiotics; (2) immediate prescription for antibiotics plus a 7-day course of cranberry capsules and (3) cranberry capsules plus a delayed prescription for antibiotics to be used in case their symptoms do not get better, or get worse. Follow-up will be by daily rating of symptoms and recording of treatments used for 2 weeks in an online symptom diary. Interviews will be conducted with around 10-15 study participants, as well as with around 10-15 women who have experienced a UTI but have not been approached to take part in the study. Both groups will be asked about their experience of having a UTI, their thoughts on non-antibiotic treatments for UTIs and their thoughts on, or experience of, the feasibility trial. The primary objective is to assess the feasibility of undertaking a full trial in primary care of the effectiveness of cranberry extract to reduce antibiotic use for symptoms of acute uncomplicated UTI. The secondary objective is to conduct a preliminary assessment of the extent to which cranberry might reduce antibiotic use and symptom burden. DISCUSSION This feasibility study with embedded interviews will inform the planning and sample size calculation of an adequately powered trial to definitively determine whether cranberry helps to alleviate the symptoms of acute uncomplicated UTIs in women and whether it can safely reduce antibiotic use. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN registry, ID: 10399299. Registered on 24 January 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oghenekome Gbinigie
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG UK
| | - Julie Allen
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG UK
| | - Anne-Marie Boylan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG UK
| | - Alastair Hay
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS UK
| | - Carl Heneghan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG UK
| | - Michael Moore
- Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 5ST UK
| | - Nicola Williams
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG UK
| | - Chris Butler
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG UK
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Samarasinghe S, Reid R, Al-Bayati M. The anti-virulence effect of cranberry active compound proanthocyanins (PACs) on expression of genes in the third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli CTX-M-15 associated with urinary tract infection. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:181. [PMID: 31832181 PMCID: PMC6865039 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0637-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections found in humans, with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) being the most common cause. Prevention of UTI is a major global concern due to its recurrent nature, medical cost, and most importantly, the increased antimicrobial resistance among UPEC. The resistance in UPEC is mainly due to the Extended-Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), particularly the E. coli CTXM-15 type which is known for its rapid dissemination worldwide. Treatment options for E. coli CTXM-15 have become limited over recent years because of their multi-drug resistance, hence anti-virulent strategies based on herbal remedies, have considered as a viable option. The cranberry product, Cysticlean® capsules, contain 240 mg of proanthocyanins (PACs), which have been shown to significantly inhibit E. coli adherence, both in vitro and ex vivo, to uroepithelial cells. Method In this study, the cephalosporin-resistant E. coli isolate NCTC 1553 (E. coli CTXM-15) was analysed by qRT-PCR (quantitative Reverse Transcriptase -Polymerase Chain Reaction) for the expression of virulence factors after treatment with Cysticlean®. qRT-PCR was carried out to detect virulence determinants encoding for toxins SAT, and USP, the iron acquisition system ChuA, the protectins SoxS, KPSM, TraT and RecA, the antibiotic resistance gene CTX-M (encode β-lactamases), and the transporters IdfB and HcaT. Results Cysticlean® significantly reduced the expression of all ten selected genes encoding for virulence factors and β-lactamases. Conclusion Cranberry product Cysticlean® could represent a practicable alternative option for the prevention of recurrent UTI caused by multi-drug resistant E. coli CTXM-15, as the product acts on multiple bacterial targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanthi Samarasinghe
- Molecular Microbiology, Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, The Gateway, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH UK
| | - Ruth Reid
- Molecular Microbiology, Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, The Gateway, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH UK
| | - Majid Al-Bayati
- Molecular Microbiology, Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, The Gateway, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH UK
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Abstract
The potential human health benefits of American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) leads to the popularity of its dietary supplements in the U.S. market. However, the qualities of the cranberry dietary supplements (CDSs) have never been carefully evaluated. In this study, the phenolic components in ten different CDSs were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). The study found quercetin and myricetin aglycones in most CDSs, but not in cranberry fruits, despite otherwise similar phenolic profiles between CDS and cranberry fruits in general. One supplement with high levels of B-type proanthocyanidins and non-cranberry flavonol rutin was determined to be adulterated by other botanical extracts. The CDSs only possessed 4% to 11% of the phenolic contents comparing to their claimed fresh cranberry equivalents, emphasizing the urgency of standardized product quality control and labelling for CDS manufacture and marketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, US 20705
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701
| | - Peter de B Harrington
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701
| | - Pei Chen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, US 20705
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Abu-Obaid E, Salama F, Abu-Obaid A, Alanazi F, Salem M, Auda S. Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effects of Different Mouthrinses against Streptococcus Mutans: An in Vitro Study. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019; 43:398-407. [PMID: 31657984 DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-43.6.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the antimicrobial effects of different natural and semi-natural mouthrinses on isolates of S. mutans obtained from the saliva of Saudi children and reference strains of S mutans (ATCC 25175). Study design: Saliva samples were collected from 20 children. Natural and semi-natural mouthrinses included were herbal mix mouthrinse, cranberry mouthrinse, chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinse, cranberry extract mixed with chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinse, chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinse with alcohol (positive control), and distilled water (negative control). The microbiological examination tests were minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal bactericidal concentration, and zone of inhibition for the saliva isolates of S. mutans while zone of inhibition test only for reference strain of S. mutans. Results: For reference strain in a comparison with the distilled water, the herbal mix, cranberry, cranberry mixed with chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine, and chlorhexidine with alcohol showed significantly increased zones of inhibition by 36.38, 36.25, 26.13, 17.75, and 12.38, respectively. For saliva isolates in a comparison with the distilled water, the herbal mix, cranberry, cranberry mixed with chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine, and chlorhexidine with alcohol showed significantly increased zones of inhibition by 38.00, 34.25, 22.94, 16.50, and 16.44, respectively. Chlorhexidine with alcohol showed significantly lower minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration than the other groups. Conclusions: Herbal mix and cranberry mouthrinses could be effective natural alternative to chlorhexidine mouthrinse with or without alcohol in affecting tested parameters.
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Kaur A, Gabrani R, Dang S. Nanoemulsions of Green Tea Catechins and Other Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection: Antibacterial Analysis. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:401-408. [PMID: 31592118 PMCID: PMC6773926 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Nanoemulsions (NEs) of polyphenon 60 (P60) and cranberry (NE I) and P60 and curcumin (NE II) were prepared with the aim to enhance anti-bacterial potential and to understand the mechanism of anti-bacterial action of the encapsulated compounds. Methods: To evaluate the antibacterial potential of the developed NE, microtiter biofilm formation assay was performed. The cytotoxicity analysis was done to assess the toxicity profile of the NEs. Further antibacterial analysis against uropathogenic strains was performed to check the developed NEs were effective against these strains. Results: In microtiter dish biofilm formation assay, both NE formulations inhibited the growth more effectively (Av. % inhibition ~84%) as compared to corresponding aqueous solution (Av. % inhibition ~64%) and placebo (Av. % inhibition ~59%) at their respective minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Cytotoxicity analysis using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT assay) showed that the formulations were nontoxic to Vero cells. The antibacterial studies against uropathogenic resistant strains also showed that NEs effectively inhibited the growth of bacterial strains. Conclusion: From different studies it was concluded that both the NE's were able to inhibit bacterial strains and could be further used for the treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI). The antibacterial activity of developed NEs showed that these could be used as alternative therapies for the treatment of UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atinderpal Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Noida, U.P., 201309, India
| | - Reema Gabrani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Noida, U.P., 201309, India
| | - Shweta Dang
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Noida, U.P., 201309, India
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Bruyère F, Azzouzi AR, Lavigne JP, Droupy S, Coloby P, Game X, Karsenty G, Issartel B, Ruffion A, Misrai V, Sotto A, Allaert FA. A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy of a Combination of Propolis and Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) (DUAB®) in Preventing Low Urinary Tract Infection Recurrence in Women Complaining of Recurrent Cystitis. Urol Int 2019; 103:41-48. [PMID: 31117097 DOI: 10.1159/000496695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of a product containing cranberry and propolis (DUAB) to placebo for reducing frequency of cystitis in women with recurrent acute cystitis. METHOD A multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized study of women aged >18 years with at least 4 episodes of cystitis in the previous 12 months was performed. The number of cystitis episodes over a 6-month follow-up was the primary end point. RESULTS Forty-two women were included in the cranberry + propolis group, and 43 women were in the placebo group. The mean age was 53 ± 18 years, with 6.2 ± 3.6 cystitis episodes in the previous year, with no differences between the 2 groups. The mean number of infections was lower in the propolis + cranberry group (respectively, 2.3 ± 1.8 vs. 3.1 ± 1.8). The total number of cystitis episodes in the first 3 months was lower in the propolis + cranberry group (0.7 ± 1.1 vs. 1.3 ± 1.1, p = 0.0257) after adjusting for water consumption. The mean time to onset of the first urinary tract infection (UTI) was also significantly longer in the propolis + cranberry group (69.9 ± 45.8 days vs. 43.3 ± 45.9, p = 0.0258). Tolerance to the treatments was good and comparable in both groups. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that cranberry and propolis supplementation significantly reduces the incidence of UTIs during the first 3 months and delays the onset of an episode of cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Bruyère
- Urologie, CHRU Bretonneau, Tours, France, .,Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France,
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- Inserm U1407, Université de Montpellier, Nîmes, France.,Service de Microbiologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes, France
| | | | | | | | - Gilles Karsenty
- Urologie et Transplantation Rénale, Aix Marseille Université, CHU La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Bertrand Issartel
- Centre de Vaccination et Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alain Ruffion
- Urologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon sud, Pierre Benite, France.,Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Albert Sotto
- Inserm U1407, Université de Montpellier, Nîmes, France.,Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes, France
| | - Francois-André Allaert
- CEN Nutriment, Impasse Françoise Dolto, Dijon, France.,Chaire d'évaluation Médicale des Allégations de Santé, Dijon, France
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Philip N, Bandara HMHN, Leishman SJ, Walsh LJ. Effect of polyphenol-rich cranberry extracts on cariogenic biofilm properties and microbial composition of polymicrobial biofilms. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 102:1-6. [PMID: 30951891 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of cranberry extracts on saliva-derived polymicrobial biofilms with regards to biofilm biomass, acidogenicity, exopolysaccharide (EPS)/microbial biovolumes, colony forming unit (CFU) counts, and the relative abundance of specific caries- and health-associated bacteria. METHODS Saliva-derived polymicrobial biofilms were grown for 96 h in a cariogenic environment and treated for 2 min every 12 h over the entire biofilm growth period with 500 μg/mL cranberry extract or vehicle control. The effect of the cranberry extract on biofilm behaviour was evaluated using different assays and its influence on key cariogenic and health-associated bacterial populations was assessed with a microarray real-time quantitative PCR method. RESULTS Cranberry-treated biofilms showed significant drops in biomass (38% reduction, P < 0.001), acidogenicity (44% reduction, P < 0.001), EPS/microbial biovolume ratios (P = 0.033), and CFU counts (51% reduction, P = 0.001). Furthermore, the cranberry extracts effected a significantly lower relative abundance of caries-associated Streptococcus sobrinus (fold change 0.004, P = 0.002) and Provotella denticola (0.002, P < 0.001), and a significantly higher relative abundance of the health-associated Streptococcus sanguinis (fold change 90.715, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The cranberry extract lowered biofilm biomass, acidogenicity, EPS/microbial biovolumes, CFU counts, and modulated a beneficial microbial ecological change in saliva-derived polymicrobial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebu Philip
- The University of Queensland School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - H M H N Bandara
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Laurence J Walsh
- The University of Queensland School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Australia
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Diaz-Garcia L, Schlautman B, Covarrubias-Pazaran G, Maule A, Johnson-Cicalese J, Grygleski E, Vorsa N, Zalapa J. Massive phenotyping of multiple cranberry populations reveals novel QTLs for fruit anthocyanin content and other important chemical traits. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:1379-1392. [PMID: 29967963 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Because of its known phytochemical activity and benefits for human health, American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon L.) production and commercialization around the world has gained importance in recent years. Flavonoid compounds as well as the balance of sugars and acids are key quality characteristics of fresh and processed cranberry products. In this study, we identified novel QTL that influence total anthocyanin content (TAcy), titratable acidity (TA), proanthocyanidin content (PAC), Brix, and mean fruit weight (MFW) in cranberry fruits. Using repeated measurements over the fruit ripening period, different QTLs were identified at specific time points that coincide with known chemical changes during fruit development and maturation. Some genetic regions appear to be regulating more than one trait. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of digital imaging as a reliable, inexpensive and high-throughput strategy for the quantification of anthocyanin content in cranberry fruits. Using this imaging approach, we identified a set of QTLs across three different breeding populations which collocated with anthocyanin QTL identified using wet-lab approaches. We demonstrate the use of a high-throughput, reliable and highly accessible imaging strategy for predicting anthocyanin content based on cranberry fruit color, which could have a large impact for both industry and cranberry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Diaz-Garcia
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. .,Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Aguascalientes, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Andrew Maule
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Nicholi Vorsa
- Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension Center, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ, USA
| | - Juan Zalapa
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. .,USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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Cásedas G, González-Burgos E, Smith C, López V, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Regulation of redox status in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells by blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) juice, cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon A.) juice and cyanidin. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:572-580. [PMID: 29860017 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Blueberry and cranberry are fruits with high polyphenol content, particularly anthocyanins. As cyanidin derivatives have been identified as one of the most representative polyphenols in berry juices, cyanidin has been designated for a better comparison and understanding of the potential neuroprotection of juices obtained from two Vaccinium species. Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were previously treated with different concentrations of lyophilized blueberry juice, cranberry juice or cyanidin for 24 h and oxidative stress was then generated with hydrogen peroxide (100 μM) for 30 min. Cytoprotective properties of cranberry juice, blueberry juice or cyanidin were evaluated using different methodologies such as mitochondrial activity (MTT), TBARS and ROS production, antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD) and antioxidant properties (ORAC, FRAP). Results indicated that blueberry and cranberry juices as well as cyanidin increased mitochondrial activity and reduced intracellular ROS production and lipid peroxidation induced by hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, these berry juices and cyanidin upregulated the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase. Finally, in vitro antioxidant capacities were confirmed by ORAC and FRAP assays demonstrating the potential of cyanidin and cyanidin-containing products for pharmaceutical or nutritional applications to prevent oxidative stress in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Cásedas
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50.830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena González-Burgos
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carine Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Science Faculty, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Víctor López
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50.830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - María Pilar Gómez-Serranillos
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Ye W, Foye S, MacGuidwin AE, Steffan S. Incidence of Oscheius onirici (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a potentially entomopathogenic nematode from the marshlands of Wisconsin, USA. J Nematol 2018; 50:9-26. [PMID: 30335908 PMCID: PMC6909328 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2018-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In a search for an entomopathogenic nematode to control cranberry insect pests, three Oscheius populations (Rhabditidae) were recovered through the Galleria-bait method from one sample taken in a wild cranberry marsh in Jackson County, Wisconsin, USA. Morphological studies with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, as well as molecular analyses of the near-full-length small subunit rDNA gene, D2/D3 expansion segments of the large subunit rDNA gene, internal transcribed spacer, and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CoxI) genes revealed this as Oscheius onirici, a species recently described from a karst cave soil of central Italy. The species belongs to the dolichura-group and is characterized by its DNA sequences; hermaphroditic reproduction; and males not found. A Bacillus-like bacterium appears to be associated with this nematode based on our microscopic and SEM observations; however its identity and persistent association with the nematode has not been confirmed. Nonetheless, this nematode is capable of infecting and killing the sparganothis fruitworm Sparganothis sulfureana Clemens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), the brown-banded cockroach Supella longipalpa Fabricius (Blattodea: Ectobiidae), and the cranberry fruitworm Acrobasis vaccinii Riley (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), under laboratory conditions, and each in less than 72 hr. The mealworm Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), are also susceptible, but take 3.5 and 5.2 days to die, respectively. This species is a new potential bio-control agent on insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Ye
- Nematode Assay Section, Agronomic Division, North Carolina Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, 4300 Reedy Creek Road, Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - Shane Foye
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Ann E. MacGuidwin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Shawn Steffan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI 53706
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Srisukchayakul P, Charalampopoulos D, Karatzas KA. Study on the effect of citric acid adaptation toward the subsequent survival of Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 in low pH fruit juices during refrigerated storage. Food Res Int 2018; 111:198-204. [PMID: 30007676 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pre-treatment of stationary phase cells of Lactobacillus plantarum NCMIB 8826 with citric acid (pH 3 to 6) for a short period of time significantly improved subsequent cell survival in several highly acidic fruit juices namely cranberry (pH 2.7), pomegranate (pH 3.5), and lemon & lime juices (pH 2.8). Although the mechanism for this adaptation is still unclear, the analysis of the cellular fatty acid content of acid adapted cells and the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed a significant increase (by ~1.7 fold) of the cellular cyclopropane fatty acid, cis-11,12-methylene octadecanoic acid (C19:0cyclow7c) and a significant upregulation (~12 fold) of cyclopropane synthase (cfa) were observed, respectively, during acid adaptation. It is likely that these changes led to a decrease in membrane fluidity and to lower membrane permeability, which prevents the cells from proton influx during storage in these low pH fruit juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpoj Srisukchayakul
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Charalampopoulos
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Kimon Andreas Karatzas
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom; CINN (Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics), University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6BE, United Kingdom.
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Asma B, Vicky L, Stephanie D, Yves D, Amy H, Sylvie D. Standardised high dose versus low dose cranberry Proanthocyanidin extracts for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection in healthy women [PACCANN]: a double blind randomised controlled trial protocol. BMC Urol 2018; 18:29. [PMID: 29716563 PMCID: PMC5930667 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-018-0342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are amongst the most common bacterial infections affecting women. Although antibiotics are the treatment of choice for UTI, cranberry derived products have been used for many years to prevent UTIs, with limited evidence as to their efficacy. Our objective is to assess the efficacy of a cranberry extract capsule standardized in A-type linkage proanthocyanidins (PACs) for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection. METHODS We will perform a 1:1 randomized, controlled, double blind clinical trial in women aged 18 years or more who present ≥2 UTIs in 6 months or ≥ 3 UTIs in 12 months. One hundred and forty-eight women will be recruited and randomized in two groups to either receive an optimal dose of cranberry extract quantified and standardized in PACs (2 × 18.5 mg PACs per day) or a control dose (2 × 1 mg PACs per day). The primary outcome for the trial is the mean number of new symptomatic UTIs in women during a 6-month intervention period. Secondary outcomes are: (1) To evaluate the mean number of new symptomatic UTIs with pyuria as demonstrated by a positive leucocyte esterase test; (2) To detect the mean number of new symptomatic culture-confirmed UTIs; (3) To quantify urinary PACs metabolites in women who take a daily dose of 37 mg PACs per day compared to women who take a daily dose of 2 mg per day for 6 months; (4) To characterize women who present recurrent UTI based on known risk factors for recurrent UTI; (5) To describe the side effects of daily intake of cranberry extract containing 37 mg PACs compared to 2 mg PACs. This report provides comprehensive methodological data for this randomized controlled trial. DISCUSSION The results of this trial will inform urologists, gynaecologists, family physicians and other healthcare professionals caring for healthy women with recurrent UTI, as to the benefits of daily use of an optimal dose of cranberry extract for the prevention of recurrent UTI. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT02572895 October 8th 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Asma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Laval University, CHU de Québec - Université Laval, 2705, boulevard Laurier, Local A1385, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2 Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Leblanc Vicky
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Dudonne Stephanie
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Desjardins Yves
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Howell Amy
- Rutgers University, 125A Lake Oswego Rd., Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA
| | - Dodin Sylvie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Laval University, CHU de Québec - Université Laval, 2705, boulevard Laurier, Local A1385, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2 Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6 Canada
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Temiz Z, Cavdar I. The effects of training and the use of cranberry capsule in preventing urinary tract infections after urostomy. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2018; 31:111-117. [PMID: 29705442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study was conducted to investigate the effects of training provided by researcher and the use of cranberry capsule in preventing late term UTIs after urostomy. METHODS The study included 60 patients who underwent ileal conduit diversion between June 2013 and November 2014. The participants were randomly divided into three groups. First group used cranberry capsule, second group received training about UTIs and the other control group. The patients were assessed for a UTI by laboratory analysis at 2, 3, and 4 months after discharge. RESULTS When the effect of cranberry capsule use and training on the prevention of urinary tract infections were compared, we found that there was a significant difference between the group that used and didn't use cranberry capsules, favoring the cranberry capsule (log-rank test; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We found that the use of cranberry capsules is effective in the prevention of urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Temiz
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Healthy Science, Artvin Coruh Universitesi, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Ikbal Cavdar
- Surgical Nursing Department, Florence Nightingale Nursing Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Nemzer B, Vargas L, Xia X, Sintara M, Feng H. Phytochemical and physical properties of blueberries, tart cherries, strawberries, and cranberries as affected by different drying methods. Food Chem 2018; 262:242-250. [PMID: 29751916 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of hot-air drying (AD), freeze drying (FD) and Refractance Window drying (RWD) on the retention of anthocyanins, phenolics, flavonoids, vitamin C and B, and antioxidant capacity (ORAC) in blueberries, tart cherries, strawberries, and cranberries, as well as organic acids and proanthocyanins in cranberries and chlorogenic acid and catchins in blueberries were evaluated. Changes in color, glass transition, specific heat, and surface morphology of the dried fruits were also evaluated. The quality retention in the dried fruits was found to be product and drying method specific. The FD products exhibited a better retention of vitamin C, ORAC, anthocyanins, and phenolics than the AD and RWD fruits. The RWD produced samples with a less effective ORAC, anthocyanins, and phenolics retention, but a higher total vitamin B retention compared to the FD products. The AD-dried fruits displayed significantly lesser quality retention in most of the quality indexes measured in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Nemzer
- VDF FutureCeuticals, Inc., Momence, IL, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Luis Vargas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Hao Feng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Scerbak C, Vayndorf E, Hernandez A, McGill C, Taylor B. Lowbush cranberry acts through DAF-16/FOXO signaling to promote increased lifespan and axon branching in aging posterior touch receptor neurons. GeroScience 2018; 40:151-162. [PMID: 29717416 PMCID: PMC5964060 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-018-0016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal berries are appreciated for their health benefits, in traditional ecological knowledge and nutrition science. Determining the cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of berry supplementation may contribute to our understanding of aging. Here, we report that lowbush cranberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) treatment causes marked nuclear localization of the central aging-related transcription factor DAF-16/FOXO in aged Caenorhabditis elegans. Further, functional DAF-16 is required for the lifespan extension, improved mechanosensation, and posterior touch receptor neuron morphological changes induced by lowbush cranberry treatments. DAF-16 is not observed in nuceli nor required for lifespan extension in lifespan-extending Alaskan blueberry treatments and, while DAF-16 is not visibly induced into the nucleus in lifespan-extending Alaskan chaga treatments, it is required for chaga-induced lifespan extension. These findings underscore the importance of DAF-16 in the aging of whole organisms and touch receptor neurons and also, importantly, indicate that this critical pathway is not always activated upon consumption of functional foods that impact aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Scerbak
- Biology and Chemistry Departments, Earlham College, 801 National Road West, Richmond, IN, USA.
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
| | - Elena Vayndorf
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Alicia Hernandez
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Colin McGill
- Chemistry Department, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Barbara Taylor
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
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