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Clayton-Cuch D, Yu L, McDougal D, Burbidge CA, Bruning JB, Bradley D, Böttcher C, Bulone V. Biochemical and in silico characterization of glycosyltransferases from red sweet cherry ( Prunus avium L.) reveals their broad specificity toward phenolic substrates. Food Chem (Oxf) 2024; 8:100193. [PMID: 38292011 PMCID: PMC10825616 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2023.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds are a class of phytonutrients that play important roles in plants and contribute to human health when incorporated into our diet through fruit consumption. A large proportion occur as glycoconjugates but the enzymes responsible for their glycosylation are poorly characterized. Here, we report the biochemical and structural characterization of two glycosyltransferases from sweet cherry named PaUGT1 and PaUGT2. Both are promiscuous glucosyltransferases active on diverse anthocyanidins and flavonols, as well as phenolic acids in the case of PaUGT1. They also exhibit weaker galactosyltransferase activity. The expression of the gene encoding PaUGT1, the most active of the two proteins, follows anthocyanin accumulation during fruit ripening, suggesting that this enzyme is the primary glycosyltransferase involved in flavonoid glycosylation in sweet cherry. It can potentially be used to synthesize diverse glycoconjugates of flavonoids for integration into bioactive formulations, and for generating new fruit cultivars with enhanced health-promoting properties using breeding methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Clayton-Cuch
- Adelaide Glycomics, University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
- CSIRO, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Long Yu
- Adelaide Glycomics, University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Daniel McDougal
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | | | - John B. Bruning
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - David Bradley
- Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd, Mulgrave, Melbourne, Victoria 3171, Australia
| | | | - Vincent Bulone
- Adelaide Glycomics, University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
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2
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Hou Q, Yu R, Shang C, Deng H, Wen Z, Qiu Z, Qiao G. Molecular characterization and evolutionary relationships of DOFs in four cherry species and functional analysis in sweet cherry. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130346. [PMID: 38403208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The DOF (DNA binding with one finger) has multiple functions in plants. However, it has received little attention in the research field of cherries. In this study, the evolutionary relationship and molecular characterization of DOF in four cherry species were analyzed, revealing its expression pattern in sweet cherry. There are 23 members in Prunus avium cv. 'Tieton', 88 in Prunus cerasus, 53 in Cerasus × yedoensis, and 27 in Cerasus serrulata. Most of these genes are intron-less or non-intron, with a conserved C2-C2 domain. Due to heterozygosity and chromosomal ploidy, whole-genome duplication (WGD) events occur to varying degrees, and DOF genes are contracted during evolution. Furthermore, these genes are affected by purifying selection pressure. Under low-temperature treatment, the expression of PavDOF2 and PavDOF18 were significantly up-regulated, while that of PavDOF16 is significantly down-regulated. The expression of PavDOF9, PavDOF12, PavDOF14, PavDOF16, PavDOF17, PavDOF18, and PavDOF19 exhibits an increasing trend during flower development and varies during sweet cherry fruit development. PavDOF1, PavDOF8, PavDOF9, and PavDOF15 are localized in the nucleus but is not transcriptionally active. The findings systemically demonstrate the molecular characteristics of DOF in different cherry varieties, providing a basis for further research on the functions of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiandong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Runrun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chunqiong Shang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University/ Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhuang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhilang Qiu
- School of Biology & Engineering, School of Health Medicine Modern Industry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Guang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
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3
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Shin N, Sasai Y, Kotani A, Saitoh TM. Mining plant phenology records from Kanazawa, Japan in the 1807-1838 Kakuson Diary. Int J Biometeorol 2024; 68:125-131. [PMID: 37957434 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Mining the various records of plant phenology before the era of modern weather observations is an important but challenging task. We mined descriptions of plant phenology in Kanazawa, Japan, during the first half of the nineteenth century in the Kakuson Diary. We retrieved records of full bloom of 28 plant species, appearance of 31 seasonal foods, and peak leaf colouring. In particular, we found more than 10 years of records of plum, peach, cherry blossoms, udo, and bamboo shoots in spring; watermelon in summer; and persimmon, chestnut, and peak leaf colouring in autumn. The records suggest that spring phenology during 1807 to 1838 was later and autumn phenology was earlier than now. Despite spatio-temporal uncertainty in records in old diaries, we need to mine records of plant phenology in more old diaries and publish them in English.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagai Shin
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Sasai
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kotani
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taku M Saitoh
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Mujtaba M, Ali Q, Yilmaz BA, Seckin Kurubas M, Ustun H, Erkan M, Kaya M, Cicek M, Oner ET. Understanding the effects of chitosan, chia mucilage, levan based composite coatings on the shelf life of sweet cherry. Food Chem 2023; 416:135816. [PMID: 36893634 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruits are prone to quality and quantity loss in shelf-life conditions and cold storage due to their short post-harvest life. Until now efforts have been made to extend the shelf life of the sweet cherry. However, an efficient and commercially scalable process remains elusive. To contribute to this challenge, here in this study, biobased composite coatings consisting of chitosan, mucilage, and levan, were applied on sweet cherry fruits and tested for postharvest parameters in both market and cold storage conditions. Results demonstrated that the shelf life of sweet cherries can be extended until the 30th day while retaining important post-harvest properties like decreased weight loss, fungal deterioration, increased stem removal force, total flavonoid, l-ascorbic acid, and oxalic acid. Given the cost-effectiveness of the polymers used, the findings of this study indicate the feasibility of extending the shelf-life of sweet cherries on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mujtaba
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, Espoo FI-02044, Finland.
| | - Qasid Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07059 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bahar Akyuz Yilmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Seckin Kurubas
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07059 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hayri Ustun
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07059 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Erkan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07059 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Murat Kaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cicek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Pamukkale University, 20070 Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ebru Toksoy Oner
- IBSB, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, RTE Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Xu J, Sun W, Lv Z, Manzoor MA, Liu X, Shen Z, Wang J, Liu R, Whiting MD, Jiu S, Zhang C. Oxygenation alleviates waterlogging-caused damages to cherry rootstocks. Mol Hortic 2023; 3:8. [PMID: 37789432 PMCID: PMC10515082 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-023-00056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging has occurred more frequently in recent years due to climate change, so it is a huge threat to crop yield and quality. Sweet cherry, a fruit tree with a high economic value, is sensitive to waterlogging stress. One of the most effective methods for enhancing the waterlogging tolerance of sweet cherries is to select waterlogging-tolerant rootstocks. However, the waterlogging tolerance of different cherry rootstocks, and the underlying mechanism remains uncharacterized. Thus, we first evaluated the waterlogging resistance of five sweet cherry rootstocks planted in China. The data showed that 'Gisela 12' and 'Colt' were the most waterlogging-sensitive and -tolerant among the five tested varieties, respectively. Oxygenation effectively alleviated the adverse impacts of waterlogging stress on cherry rootstocks. Moreover, we found that the waterlogging group had lower relative water content, Fv/Fm value, net photosynthetic rate, and higher antioxidant enzyme activities, whereas the oxygenated group performed better in all these parameters. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that numerous DEGs were involved in energy production, antioxidant metabolism, hormone metabolism pathways, and stress-related transcription factors. These findings will help provide management strategies to enhance the waterlogging tolerance of cherry rootstocks and thereby achieve higher yield and better quality of cherries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jieming Xu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wanxia Sun
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhengxin Lv
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Muhammad Aamir Manzoor
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xunju Liu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhiyu Shen
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiyuan Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ruie Liu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Matthew D Whiting
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, 99350, USA
| | - Songtao Jiu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Caixi Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Li Y, Shao Y, Zhu Y, Chen A, Qu J, Gao Y, Lu S, Luo P, Mao X. Temperature-dependent mycotoxins production investigation in Alternaria infected cherry by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 388:110070. [PMID: 36610234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
For temperature-dependent Alternaria mycotoxins production analysis, cherry samples were inoculated with Alternaria sp. and incubated at two different temperatures (4 °C and 25 °C). Six Alternaria mycotoxins, including altenuene (ALT), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), alternariol (AOH), altertoxin-I (ATX-I), tenuazonic acid (TeA), and tentoxin (TEN), in cherries were detected with integrated visible data-processing tools. Maximum concentration of these mycotoxins reached 71,862.2 μg/kg at 25 °C. Notably, considerable amount of TeA (290.4 μg/kg) was detected at 4 °C, which indicated that low temperature is not a safe storage condition for fruits. A total of 102 compounds were detected with a neutral loss of 162.0528 Da, and TeA-glucose was identified in this work. Based on MS/MS cosine similarity, products were verified and annotated with feature based molecular networking (FBMN) in global natural products social networking (GNPS). The results showed Alternaria mycotoxins in cherry samples were mainly demethylation, hydrogenation, and dehydration. This work revealed the production of Alternaria mycotoxins in cherries under different storage temperature, which will provide theoretical basis for the control of mycotoxin contamination in food commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshen Li
- Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, PR China
| | - Ying Shao
- Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, PR China
| | - Ya'ning Zhu
- Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, PR China
| | - Anqi Chen
- Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, PR China
| | - Jingyao Qu
- Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, PR China
| | - Yonglin Gao
- Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, PR China
| | - Sunan Lu
- Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, PR China
| | - Pengjie Luo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100017, PR China
| | - Xin Mao
- Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, PR China.
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Bagdas D, Harris L, Addy NA. Chronic oral nicotine exposure decreases aversive taste of nicotine, increases nicotine withdrawal and reinstatement, but cherry flavor does not alter nicotine's effects in adolescent rats. Neurosci Lett 2023; 793:137008. [PMID: 36476758 PMCID: PMC9948648 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.137008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although e-cigarette use among youth is recognized as an epidemic, there is limited understanding regarding nicotine's orosensory and chronic use effects in youth, and how fruit e-cigarette flavorings may influence nicotine's effects. We aimed to characterize the orosensory and chronic use effects of nicotine in adolescent rats. We also determined the acute and chronic effects of benzaldehyde, a cherry/berry/almond flavoring, on nicotine's taste, consumption, withdrawal, and reinstatement. Rats were examined for their acute taste responses to the different nicotine concentrations. The effects of chronic exposure on nicotine's taste, withdrawal, and reinstatement were also determined. In addition, impact of benzaldehyde on these nicotine use behaviors was evaluated. While taste responses to low nicotine concentrations did not differ from water, high nicotine concentrations induced aversion. Aversive responses to nicotine that were observed in naïve animals vanished after chronic nicotine exposure, indicating the development of tolerance to nicotine's aversive taste. Additionally, nicotine abstinence after chronic exposure induced withdrawal. Following abstinence, animals reinstated nicotine use. Further, animals showed higher preference to nicotine after reinstatement, compared to preference values before nicotine withdrawal. Benzaldehyde did not alter nicotine's taste reactivity, withdrawal, and reinstatement experiments. Some sex differences were found in benzaldehyde's taste response and choice behavior experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Bagdas
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Lilley Harris
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nii A Addy
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Wu Tsai Institute at Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Vignati E, Lipska M, Dunwell JM, Caccamo M, Simkin AJ. Options for the generation of seedless cherry, the ultimate snacking product. Planta 2022; 256:90. [PMID: 36171415 PMCID: PMC9519733 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript identifies cherry orthologues of genes implicated in the development of pericarpic fruit and pinpoints potential options and restrictions in the use of these targets for commercial exploitation of parthenocarpic cherry fruit. Cherry fruit contain a large stone and seed, making processing of the fruit laborious and consumption by the consumer challenging, inconvenient to eat 'on the move' and potentially dangerous for children. Availability of fruit lacking the stone and seed would be potentially transformative for the cherry industry, since such fruit would be easier to process and would increase consumer demand because of the potential reduction in costs. This review will explore the background of seedless fruit, in the context of the ambition to produce the first seedless cherry, carry out an in-depth analysis of the current literature around parthenocarpy in fruit, and discuss the available technology and potential for producing seedless cherry fruit as an 'ultimate snacking product' for the twenty-first century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Vignati
- NIAB East Malling, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, New Road, West Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Marzena Lipska
- NIAB East Malling, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, New Road, West Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK
| | - Jim M Dunwell
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Mario Caccamo
- NIAB, Cambridge Crop Research, Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Andrew J Simkin
- NIAB East Malling, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, New Road, West Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK.
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK.
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Bellamy S, Shaw M, Xu X. Field application of Bacillus subtilis and Aureobasidium pullulans to reduce Monilinia laxa post-harvest rot on cherry. Eur J Plant Pathol 2022; 163:761-766. [PMID: 35756540 PMCID: PMC9213261 DOI: 10.1007/s10658-022-02508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Brown rot caused by Monilinia spp. is one of the most important diseases in stone fruits worldwide. Latent infections of fruit by the pathogen often manifest once the fruit is ripe, leading to post-harvest rots. Two microbial strains (Bacillus subtilis -B91 and Aureobasidium pullulans - Y126) have shown antagonistic properties against M. laxa in previous studies. This study assessed the reduction in post-harvest rot of cherry by M. laxa when the two biocontrol (BCAs) strains were applied pre-harvest under field conditions to fruit artificially inoculated with M. laxa. The experiment was carried out for two consecutive years in cherry orchards in Kent. When applied pre-harvest, both strains (B91 and Y126) reduced the incidence of post-harvest rots by 30% - 60%. This promising result helps towards the commercialisation of the two strains, which would reduce reliance on fungicides in commercial cherry production. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10658-022-02508-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Bellamy
- Pest & Pathogen Ecology, NIAB, West Malling, KY ME19 6BJ UK
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire UK
| | - Michael Shaw
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire UK
| | - Xiangming Xu
- Pest & Pathogen Ecology, NIAB, West Malling, KY ME19 6BJ UK
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10
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Eslami O, Khorramrouz F, Ghavami A, Hajebi Khaniki S, Shidfar F. Effect of cherry consumption on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102409. [PMID: 35108661 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the findings of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of tart and sweet cherries on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched to acquire the RCTs up to December 2020. RESULTS Seven RCTs comprising 201 participants were included. The meta-analysis showed that cherry supplementation does not lead to a significant decrease in SBP or DBP. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating cherries into the diet has no significant effect on blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Eslami
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khorramrouz
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abed Ghavami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Hajebi Khaniki
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kimble R, Murray L, Keane KM, Haggerty K, Howatson G, Lodge JK. The influence of tart cherries ( Prunus Cerasus) on vascular function and the urinary metabolome: a randomised placebo-controlled pilot study. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e73. [PMID: 34589205 PMCID: PMC8453453 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Montmorency tart cherries (MC) have been found to modulate indices of vascular function with interventions of varying duration. The objective of this preliminary study was to identify the chronic effects of MC supplementation on vascular function and the potential for urinary metabolomics to provide mechanistic evidence. We performed a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised study on 23 healthy individuals (18M, 7F) that consumed 30 ml MC or a placebo twice daily for 28 days. Whole body measures of vascular function and spot urine collections were taken at baseline and after supplementation. There were no significant changes to vascular function including blood pressure and arterial stiffness. Urinary metabolite profiling highlighted significant changes (P < 0⋅001) with putative discriminatory metabolites related to tryptophan and histidine metabolism. Overall, MC supplementation for 28 days does not improve indices of vascular function but changes to the urinary metabolome could be suggestive of potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kimble
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Lucy Murray
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Karen M. Keane
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Karen Haggerty
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - John K. Lodge
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Abstract
Cherry samples were treated with cold plasma under different voltages (40, 60, 80 kV) and different treatment durations (60, 80, 100, 140 s), then stored in a refrigerator at 0 ℃. Data on the decay rate, respiration rate, and physiological properties of the cherries and their correlational relationships after different treatments of cold plasma were collected under the conditions of ambient temperature and dry air. The decay rate, respiration rate, total soluble solids, total phenol, flavonoids, anthocyanin, VC, titratable acidity, firmness, and a* value were investigated at regular intervals to analyze the quality of the cherries under different treatment conditions. Additionally, the total colony number was estimated at the end of storage. The results indicated that cold plasma treatment under moderate conditions was effective for prolonging cherry storage, inactivating microorganisms, decreasing the decay rate, and inhibiting respiration with either no compromise on the cherry quality or only a slightly noticeable influence. A significant positive correlation was found between the decay rate and respiration rate, as well as between the VC content and titratable acidity. Antioxidant contents and firmness were found to be negatively correlated with the a* value. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that cold plasma has potential applications in the storage and preservation of cherries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Wu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wuqi Zhao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangyuan Zeng
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing-An Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guitian Gao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shujie Song
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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13
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Smailagić A, Stanković DM, Vranješ Đurić S, Veljović S, Dabić Zagorac D, Manojlović D, Natić M. Influence of extraction time, solvent and wood specie on experimentally aged spirits - A simple tool to differentiate wood species used in cooperage. Food Chem 2021; 346:128896. [PMID: 33421901 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Type of the wood used for the aging highly influences the quality of alcoholic beverages. In this research we explored the potential of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) to establish fingerprints characteristic for each wood and to enable determining the type of the wood used in the aging process. Eleven different wood samples were used to prepare three different types of spirits during 15 months. The highest extraction rate was obtained during the first month, while further aging was followed with almost constant amount of extracted polyphenols. Black locust, myrobalan plum, and mulberry extracts were discriminated from the spirits aged in oak and wild cherry wood when statistical analysis was applied. Although clear classification of all samples was not achieved, this long term study demonstrated a potential of both CV and DPV for differentiating wood species used in the aging, hence in the quality control of spirits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Smailagić
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dalibor M Stanković
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia; "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Vranješ Đurić
- "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Veljović
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 551, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Dabić Zagorac
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Manojlović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia; South Ural State University, Lenin Prospekt 76, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Maja Natić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia.
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14
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Nagai S, Saitoh TM, Morimoto H. Does global warming decrease the correlation between cherry blossom flowering date and latitude in Japan? Int J Biometeorol 2020; 64:2205-2210. [PMID: 32892239 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-02004-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In Japan, the geographical distribution of the first date of flowering (FFD) of Yoshino cherry trees (Cerasus ×yedoensis) in 2020, a year when temperatures were mild during the previous December and March, was different from the average FFD, which progresses northward along a latitudinal gradient. We hypothesized that global warming may have changed the average geographical pattern of the FFD. To test this hypothesis, we examined the relationship between the observed FFD and latitude at 42 sites during the period 1953-2020. We found that the correlation between FFD and latitude had decreased since 1980. This decrease may have been caused by a rise of temperatures in winter that delayed dormancy release and the subsequent FFD in areas where the annual mean temperature is high. Our results suggest that the correlation between FFD and latitude will decrease further as the climate warms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Nagai
- Earth Surface System Research Center, Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan.
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Taku M Saitoh
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morimoto
- Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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15
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Ruiz-Moyano S, Hernández A, Galvan AI, Córdoba MG, Casquete R, Serradilla MJ, Martín A. Selection and application of antifungal VOCs-producing yeasts as biocontrol agents of grey mould in fruits. Food Microbiol 2020; 92:103556. [PMID: 32950150 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rotting caused by grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) is a concerning disease for numerous crops both pre- and postharvest stages. Application of antagonistic yeasts is a promising strategy for controlling grey mould incidence which could mitigate undesirable consequences of using synthetic fungicides. In this work, a screening for detection of yeasts isolated from figs producers of antifungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were performed by confrontation in double dishes systems. Eleven out of 34 yeasts confronted reduced B. cinerea growth parameter in vitro. This reduction was correlated (p ≤ 0.050) with the production of 10 volatile compounds: two acids (acetic acid and octanoic acid), 7 esters (Ethyl propionate, n-Propyl acetate, Isobutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl acetate, furfuryl acetate, phenylmethyl acetate, 2-phenylethyl acetate) and one ketone (Heptan-2-one). In bases on in vitro assay, Hanseniaspora uvarum 793 was applied to in vivo assays with strawberries and cherries. The reduction of incidence of B. cinerea in strawberries at 7 °C and 25 °C was 54.9 and 72.1% after 6 and 3 days, respectively. The reduction of incidence of B. cinerea in cherries at 7 °C and 25 °C was 48.9 and 45.6% after 5 and 4 days, respectively. These results showed that VOCs produced by Hanseniaspora uvarum 793 are effective in the control of incidence of Botrytis cinerea in fruits, being a potential alternative to chemical fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Ruiz-Moyano
- Nutrición y Bromatología, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Instituto Universitario de Recursos Agrarios (INURA), Universidad de Extremadura, Ctra. de Cáceres s/n, 06007, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Alejandro Hernández
- Nutrición y Bromatología, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Instituto Universitario de Recursos Agrarios (INURA), Universidad de Extremadura, Ctra. de Cáceres s/n, 06007, Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Ana I Galvan
- Área de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigaciones Finca La Orden-Valdesequera (CICYTEX), Autovía Madrid-Lisboa, s/n, 060187, Guadajira, Spain
| | - María G Córdoba
- Nutrición y Bromatología, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Instituto Universitario de Recursos Agrarios (INURA), Universidad de Extremadura, Ctra. de Cáceres s/n, 06007, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Rocio Casquete
- Nutrición y Bromatología, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Instituto Universitario de Recursos Agrarios (INURA), Universidad de Extremadura, Ctra. de Cáceres s/n, 06007, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Manuel J Serradilla
- Área de Vegetales, Instituto Tecnológico Agroalimentario de Extremadura (INTAEX), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), Avenida Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Alberto Martín
- Nutrición y Bromatología, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Instituto Universitario de Recursos Agrarios (INURA), Universidad de Extremadura, Ctra. de Cáceres s/n, 06007, Badajoz, Spain
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16
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Noratto G, Layosa MA, Lage NN, Atienza L, Ivanov I, Mertens-Talcott SU, Chew BP. Antitumor potential of dark sweet cherry sweet (Prunus avium) phenolics in suppressing xenograft tumor growth of MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 84:108437. [PMID: 32615370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated in vivo the antitumor activity of dark sweet cherry (DSC) whole extracted phenolics (WE) and fractions enriched in anthocyanins (ACN) or proanthocyanidins (PCA) in athymic mice xenografted with MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells. Mice were gavaged with WE, ACN or PCA extracts (150 mg/kg body weight/day) for 36 days. Results showed that tumor growth was suppressed at similar levels by WE, ACN and PCA compared to control group (C) without signs of toxicity or significant changes in mRNA oncogenic biomarkers in tumors or mRNA invasive biomarker in distant organs. Tumor protein analyses showed that WE, ACN and PCA induced at similar levels the stress-regulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, known to be linked to apoptosis induction. However, ACN showed enhanced antitumor activity through down-regulation of total oncogenic and stress-related Akt, STAT3, p38, JNK and NF-kB proteins. In addition, immunohistochemistry analysis of Ki-67 revealed inhibition of tumor cell proliferation with potency WE ≥ ACN ≥ PCA. Differential quantitative proteomic high-resolution nano-HPLC tandem mass spectrometry analysis of tumors from ACN and C groups revealed the identity of 66 proteins associated with poor breast cancer prognosis that were expressed only in C group (61 proteins) or differentially up-regulated (P<.05) in C group (5 proteins). These findings revealed ACN-targeted proteins associated to tumor growth and invasion and the potential of DSC ACN for breast cancer treatment. Results lead to a follow-up study with highly immunodeficient mice/invasive cell line subtype and advanced tumor development to validate the anti-invasive activity of DSC anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Noratto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Marjorie A Layosa
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Institute of Human Nutrition and Food, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Nara N Lage
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Liezl Atienza
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Boon P Chew
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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17
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Tian T, Qiao G, Wen Z, Deng B, Qiu Z, Hong Y, Wen X. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular regulation underlying the adaptive mechanism of cherry (Cerasus pseudocerasus Lindl.) to shelter covering. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:27. [PMID: 31952478 PMCID: PMC6967096 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rain-shelter covering is widely applied during cherry fruit development in subtropical monsoon climates with the aim of decreasing the dropping and cracking of fruit caused by excessive rainfall. Under rain-shelter covering, the characteristics of the leaves and fruit of the cherry plant may adapt to the changes in the microclimate. However, the molecular mechanism underlying such adaptation remains unclear, although clarifying it may be helpful for improving the yield and quality of cherry under rain-shelter covering. RESULTS To better understand the regulation and adaptive mechanism of cherry under rain-shelter covering, 38,621 and 3584 differentially expressed genes were identified with a combination of Illumina HiSeq and single-molecule real-time sequencing in leaves and fruits, respectively, at three developmental stages. Among these, key genes, such as those encoding photosynthetic-antenna proteins (Lhca and Lhcb) and photosynthetic electron transporters (PsbP, PsbR, PsbY, and PetF), were up-regulated following the application of rain-shelter covering, leading to increased efficiency of light utilization. The mRNA levels of genes involved in carbon fixation, namely, rbcL and rbcS, were clearly increased compared with those under shelter-free conditions, resulting in improved CO2 utilization. Furthermore, the transcription levels of genes involved in chlorophyll (hemA, hemN, and chlH) and carotenoid synthesis (crtB, PDS, crtISO, and lcyB) in the sheltered leaves peaked earlier than those in the unsheltered leaves, thereby promoting organic matter accumulation in leaves. Remarkably, the expression levels of key genes involved in the metabolic pathways of phenylpropanoid (PAL, C4H, and 4CL) and flavonoid (CHS, CHI, F3'H, DFR, and ANS) in the sheltered fruits were also up-regulated earlier than of those in the unsheltered fruits, conducive to an increase in anthocyanin content in the fruits. CONCLUSIONS According to the physiological indicators and transcriptional expression levels of the related genes, the adaptive regulation mechanism of cherry plants was systematically revealed. These findings can help understand the effect of rain-shelter covering on Chinese cherry cultivation in rainy regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/ College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou/ College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/ College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/ College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/ College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhilang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/ College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Hong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/ College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/ College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou/ College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
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18
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Beltrán R, Valls A, Cebrián N, Zornoza C, García Breijo F, Reig Armiñana J, Garmendia A, Merle H. Effect of temperature on pollen germination for several Rosaceae species: influence of freezing conservation time on germination patterns. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8195. [PMID: 31844584 PMCID: PMC6911343 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Between February 2018 and April 2018, flowers were collected from eight Rosaceae species. Flowers were kept in a freezer at -20 °C for three freezing times (Treatment 1, two months; Treatment 2, four months; Treatment 3, six months). After extracting pollen, in vitro germination was induced in a culture medium and incubated at six different temperatures for 72 h. The percentage of pollen germination, average pollen tube length and maximum pollen tube length were measured. Pollen germination was maximum for all species between 15 °C and 30 °C. Cydonia oblonga, Malus sylvestris, Prunus avium, Prunus domestica, Prunus dulcis, Prunus persica and Pyrus communis obtained 30-52% pollen germination between 15 °C and 20 °C. Prunus cerasifera had 40% pollen germination at 30 °C. All species studied reached the maximum pollen tube length between 10 °C and 25 °C. Germination did not change significantly for any of the species with freezing time, but we found significant differences in the three parameters measured between treatments. The highest germination percentages were obtained in Treatment 2 (four months frozen at -20 °C), while the maximum pollen tube length was reached in Treatment 1 (two months frozen at -20 °C). According to our results, freezing time affected the germination-temperature patterns. This could indicate that studies on the effect of temperature on pollen germination should always be carried out with fresh pollen to obtain more conclusive data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Beltrán
- Departamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aina Valls
- Departamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Cebrián
- Departamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Zornoza
- Departamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco García Breijo
- Departamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Reig Armiñana
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Garmendia
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hugo Merle
- Departamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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19
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Nardini M, Garaguso I. Characterization of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of fruit beers. Food Chem 2019; 305:125437. [PMID: 31499290 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Total polyphenols and flavonoids content, phenolics profile by HPLC, and antioxidant activity of ten fruit beer produced adding fruits during the fermentation process were analyzed. The fruits were: cherry, raspberry, peach, apricot, grape, plum, orange and apple. Antioxidant activity, total polyphenols and flavonoids content were considerably higher in most of the fruit beers in respect to conventional, no-fruit beers. Cherries beers exhibit the highest values, followed by grape, plum and orange beers. An enrichment was observed in catechin and quercetin content in all fruit beers examined. Myricetin and resveratrol were also detected in most of the fruit beers. Among phenolic acids, an enrichment in chlorogenic, neochlorogenic, p-coumaric and caffeic acids was measured in most of the fruit beers in respect to conventional beers. Our findings show that fruits addition during the fermentation process considerably increased the antioxidant activity of beer and qualitatively and quantitatively improved its phenolics profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Nardini
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy.
| | - Ivana Garaguso
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, via C. G. Bertero 22, Rome 00156, Italy.
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20
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Nagai S, Saitoh TM, Yoshitake S. Cultural ecosystem services provided by flowering of cherry trees under climate change: a case study of the relationship between the periods of flowering and festivals. Int J Biometeorol 2019; 63:1051-1058. [PMID: 31030319 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Japan, cherry blossoms are an important tourism resource and provide many cultural ecosystem service benefits. Under future warming conditions, we will require adaptions such as changing the timing of flower festivals to account for changes in the flowering phenology. In this study, we evaluated the coincidence between the flowering phenology of cherry blossoms and the associated festival periods in two Japanese cities under past, recent, and future climate conditions. We examined the situation in Shinhidaka, where the flower festival period changes every year, and Takayama, where the festival period is fixed to coincide with a shrine's annual spring festival. Currently, the average dates of beginning of flowering (more than four or five flowers open in an index tree; ~BBCH60) and full bloom (equal to or more than 80% of flowers open in an index tree; after BBCH65) in Shinhidaka (day of year (DOY) 126 and 130) are later than the long national holiday of Golden Week (DOY 119 to 125). The respective dates in Takayama (DOY 106 and 111, respectively) are later than the local a festival period (DOY 104 and 105). Under a scenario of 1.0 to 2.0 °C warming, the full blooming dates in Shinhidaka will coincide with Golden Week, whereas under 1.0 to 1.5 °C warming, the full blooming dates in Takayama will coincide with the spring festival period. Thus, moderate warming may increase the value of cherry blossoms to the tourism industry. Under more than 3.5 °C warming in Shinhidaka and 2.5 °C warming in Takayama, however, cherry blossoms will have already dropped by Golden Week and the spring festival period, respectively, suggesting that greater warming may decrease the value of this tourism resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Nagai
- Research and Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan.
| | - Taku M Saitoh
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shinpei Yoshitake
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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21
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Beaver-Kanuya E, Harper SJ. Detection and quantification of four viruses in Prunus pollen: Implications for biosecurity. J Virol Methods 2019; 271:113673. [PMID: 31170470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pollen transmitted viruses require accurate detection and identification to minimize the risk of spread through the global import and export of pollen. Therefore in this study we developed RT-qPCR assays for the detection of Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), and Cherry virus A (CVA), four viruses that infect pollen of Prunus species. Assays were designed against alignments of extant sequences, optimized, and specificity was tested against known positive, negative, and non-target controls. An examination of assay sensitivity showed that detection of virus at concentrations as low as 101 copies was possible, although 102 copies was more consistent. Furthermore, comparison against extant assays showed that in both pollen and plant samples, the newly developed RT-qPCR assays were more sensitive and could detect a greater range of isolates than extant endpoint RT-PCR and ELISA assays. Use of updated assays will improve biosecurity protocols as well as the study of viruses infecting pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Beaver-Kanuya
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, 99350, United States.
| | - S J Harper
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, 99350, United States
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22
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Ulaszewska M, Vázquez-Manjarrez N, Garcia-Aloy M, Llorach R, Mattivi F, Dragsted LO, Praticò G, Manach C. Food intake biomarkers for apple, pear, and stone fruit. Genes Nutr 2018; 13:29. [PMID: 30519365 PMCID: PMC6267079 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-018-0620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fruit is a key component of a healthy diet. However, it is still not clear whether some classes of fruit may be more beneficial than others and whether all individuals whatever their age, gender, health status, genotype, or gut microbiota composition respond in the same way to fruit consumption. Such questions require further observational and intervention studies in which the intake of a specific fruit can be precisely assessed at the population and individual levels. Within the Food Biomarker Alliance Project (FoodBAll Project) under the Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life”, an ambitious action was undertaken aiming at reviewing existent literature in a systematic way to identify validated and promising biomarkers of intake for all major food groups, including fruits. This paper belongs to a series of reviews following the same BFIRev protocol and is focusing on biomarkers of pome and stone fruit intake. Selected candidate biomarkers extracted from the literature search went through a validation process specifically developed for food intake biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marynka Ulaszewska
- 1Research and Innovation Centre Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010 Trento, Italy
| | - Natalia Vázquez-Manjarrez
- 2Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,3Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- 4Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,5CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Llorach
- 4Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,5CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- 1Research and Innovation Centre Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010 Trento, Italy.,6Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- 3Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giulia Praticò
- 3Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudine Manach
- 2Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Van der Werf R, Walter C, Bietiger W, Seyfritz E, Mura C, Peronet C, Legrandois J, Werner D, Ennahar S, Digel F, Maillard-Pedracini E, Pinget M, Jeandidier N, Marchioni E, Sigrist S, Dal S. Beneficial effects of cherry consumption as a dietary intervention for metabolic, hepatic and vascular complications in type 2 diabetic rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:104. [PMID: 30029691 PMCID: PMC6054718 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis and its complications. New therapies target natural antioxidants as an alternative and/or supplemental strategy to prevent and control them. Our previous chemical and biological studies highlighted the important antioxidant activities of cherries, among other fruits and vegetables, thus we aimed to determine in vivo effects of 2-month long cherry consumption using a high-fat/high-fructose (HFHF) model of diabetic-rats (Lozano et al. in Nutr Metab 13:15, 2016). Methods After 2 months of HFHF, male Wistar rats were divided into: HFHF and HFHF enriched in cherry (nutritional approach) or standard diet ND (lifestyle measures) and ND plus cherry during 2 months. Metabolic, lipidic, oxidative parameters were quantified. Tissues (liver, pancreas and vessels) OS were assessed and hepatic (steatosis, fibrosis, inflammation) and vascular (endothelial dysfunction) complications were characterized. Results T2D was induced after 2 months of HFHF diet, characterized by systemic hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia, hyperleptinemia, and oxidative stress associated with endothelial dysfunction and hepatic complications. Cherry consumption for 2 months, in addition to lifestyle measures, in T2D-rats decreased and normalized the systemic disturbances, including oxidative stress complications. Moreover, in the vessel, cherry consumption decreased oxidative stress and increased endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase levels, thus increasing NO bioavailability, ensuring vascular homeostasis. In the liver, cherry consumption decreased oxidative stress by inhibiting NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox expression, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) degradation and the formation of reactive oxygen species. It inhibited the activation of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (1c and 2) and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein, and thus decreased steatosis as observed in T2D rats. This led to the improvement of metabolic profiles, together with endothelial and hepatic function improvements. Conclusion Cherry consumption normalized vascular function and controlled hepatic complications, thus reduced the risk of diabetic metabolic disorders. These results demonstrate that a nutritional intervention with a focus on OS could prevent and/or delay the onset of vascular and hepatic complications related to T2D. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-018-0744-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remmelt Van der Werf
- DIATHEC EA 7294, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Boulevard René Leriche, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Walter
- DIATHEC EA 7294, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Boulevard René Leriche, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - William Bietiger
- DIATHEC EA 7294, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Boulevard René Leriche, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elodie Seyfritz
- DIATHEC EA 7294, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Boulevard René Leriche, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Carole Mura
- DIATHEC EA 7294, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Boulevard René Leriche, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Claude Peronet
- DIATHEC EA 7294, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Boulevard René Leriche, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Said Ennahar
- IPHC-LC4, UMR 7178, Faculté de Pharmacie, Equipe de Chimie Analytique des Molécules BioActives, Illkirch, France
| | - Fabien Digel
- Interprofession des Fruits et Légumes d'Alsace (IFLA), Sainte Croix en Plaine, France
| | - Elisa Maillard-Pedracini
- DIATHEC EA 7294, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Boulevard René Leriche, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Pinget
- DIATHEC EA 7294, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Boulevard René Leriche, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Jeandidier
- Structure d'Endocrinologie, Diabète, Nutrition et Addictologie, Pôle NUDE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, (HUS), 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Marchioni
- IPHC-LC4, UMR 7178, Faculté de Pharmacie, Equipe de Chimie Analytique des Molécules BioActives, Illkirch, France
| | - Séverine Sigrist
- DIATHEC EA 7294, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Boulevard René Leriche, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Stéphanie Dal
- DIATHEC EA 7294, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Boulevard René Leriche, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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24
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Noratto GD, Lage NN, Chew BP, Mertens-Talcott SU, Talcott ST, Pedrosa ML. Non-anthocyanin phenolics in cherry (Prunus avium L.) modulate IL-6, liver lipids and expression of PPARδ and LXRs in obese diabetic (db/db) mice. Food Chem 2018; 266:405-414. [PMID: 30381205 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanin-rich cherries are known for preventing/decreasing risk factors associated with obesity; however, the specific benefits exerted by cherry non-anthocyanin phenolics are not clear. Obese diabetic (db/db) mice fed a diet supplemented with anthocyanin-depleted cherry powder (cherry) were compared to db/db (obese) or lean counterparts (lean) fed a control isocaloric diet for 12 weeks. The reduced plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and improved liver health may be mediated by cherry fibre and non-anthocyanin phenolics. Benefits for liver health included reduction of lipids and protein carbonyls, and modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)δ mRNA to resemble levels in lean. Lack of plasma antilipidemic, improvement of antioxidant defenses, and PPARα/γ mRNA modulation in liver suggest cherry anthocyanins specific benefits. This is the first study to elucidate in vivo the potential benefits of cherry non-anthocyanin phenolics for diabetes-induced liver disorders and the importance of choosing processing technologies that preserve anthocyanins and health benefits of whole cherries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana D Noratto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
| | - Nara N Lage
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Boon P Chew
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | | | - Stephen T Talcott
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Maria L Pedrosa
- Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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25
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Nemzer B, Vargas L, Xia X, Sintara M, Feng H. Phytochemical and physical properties of blueberries, tart cherries, strawberries, and cranberries as affected by different drying methods. Food Chem 2018; 262:242-250. [PMID: 29751916 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of hot-air drying (AD), freeze drying (FD) and Refractance Window drying (RWD) on the retention of anthocyanins, phenolics, flavonoids, vitamin C and B, and antioxidant capacity (ORAC) in blueberries, tart cherries, strawberries, and cranberries, as well as organic acids and proanthocyanins in cranberries and chlorogenic acid and catchins in blueberries were evaluated. Changes in color, glass transition, specific heat, and surface morphology of the dried fruits were also evaluated. The quality retention in the dried fruits was found to be product and drying method specific. The FD products exhibited a better retention of vitamin C, ORAC, anthocyanins, and phenolics than the AD and RWD fruits. The RWD produced samples with a less effective ORAC, anthocyanins, and phenolics retention, but a higher total vitamin B retention compared to the FD products. The AD-dried fruits displayed significantly lesser quality retention in most of the quality indexes measured in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Nemzer
- VDF FutureCeuticals, Inc., Momence, IL, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Luis Vargas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Hao Feng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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26
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Liang C, Wan T, Xu S, Li B, Li X, Feng Y, Cai Y. Molecular identification and genetic analysis of cherry cultivars using capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence-labeled SSR markers. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:16. [PMID: 29259891 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-1036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular identification and genetic analysis of cherry are necessary for solving the problem of synonyms and homonyms that occur in cherry production. In this study, capillary electrophoresis with fluorescent-labeled simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers was used to identify 63 cherry cultivars (varieties and rootstocks) planted in Shaanxi province, China. A total of 146 alleles were amplified by 10 SSR primer pairs, ranging from 10 to 20 per locus (mean: 14); among the SSR primer pairs, genotype number ranged from 12 to 26 (mean: 18). The mean values of gene diversity, heterozygosity, and polymorphism information content were 0.7549 (range 0.4011-0.8782), 0.5952 (range 0.3810-0.9683), and 0.7355 (range 0.3937-0.8697), respectively. An unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average cluster analysis was used to separate the cherry cultivars. A model-based structure analysis separated the cultivars into three populations, which was consistent with the results of a phylogenic and principal component analysis. Based on Bayes' rule, the cultivars were further subdivided into seven populations. Some of the 63 cherry cultivars that are often confused in production were distinguished, and DNA fingerprinting of cherry cultivars was established. This research will significantly assist in the identification of cherry cultivars at the molecular level.
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27
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Sheng L, Meng X, Wang M, Zang S, Feng L. Improvement in Submergence Tolerance of Cherry Through Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism and Plant Growth by PsERF and PsCIPK. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:63-79. [PMID: 28608173 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cherry is an important fruit tree with delicious taste and high economic value, which have been planted worldwide. However, this species cannot withstand the presence of excessive amount of water; submergence injury sometimes occurs during cultivation of cherry and results in severe economic losses. By using a submergence-tolerant germplasm Prunus serrulata "Yimeng" and a submergence-sensitive germplasm Prunus pseudocerasus "Aihua" as test materials, this study cloned PsERF and PsCIPK, which are related to submergence tolerance in cherry, and analyzed the expression of PsERF and PsCIPK in submergence-tolerant and submergence-sensitive germplasms under submergence stress; moreover, the consistency and correlation of such expression with carbohydrate metabolism and plant growth-related genes (PsPDC, PsSUS, PsRAMY, and PsEXP) were analyzed. The results showed that PsERF and PsCIPK influence the expression of PsPDC, PsSUS, PsRAMY, and PsEXP at different extents under submergence and during recovery to systematically improve the submergence resistance of P. serrulata "Yimeng". This study lays the important theoretical and practical foundation for molecular improvement and germplasm innovation in submergence tolerance in cherry through genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Sheng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiangyi Meng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shu Zang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Liguo Feng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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28
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Thangthaeng N, Poulose SM, Gomes SM, Miller MG, Bielinski DF, Shukitt-Hale B. Tart cherry supplementation improves working memory, hippocampal inflammation, and autophagy in aged rats. Age (Dordr) 2016; 38:393-404. [PMID: 27578256 PMCID: PMC5266225 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with reduced risk of debilitating diseases and improved cognition in aged populations. These beneficial effects have been attributed to the phytochemicals found in fruits and vegetables, which have previously been shown to be anti-inflammatory and modulate autophagy. Tart cherries contain a variety of potentially beneficial phytochemicals; however, little research has been done to investigate the effects of tart cherry on the aging brain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if tart cherry supplementation can improve cognitive and motor function of aged rats via modulation of inflammation and autophagy in the brain. Thirty 19-month-old male Fischer 344 rats were weight-matched and assigned to receive either a control diet or a diet supplemented with 2 % Montmorency tart cherry. After 6 weeks on the diet, rats were given a battery of behavioral tests to assess for strength, stamina, balance, and coordination, as well as learning and working memory. Although no significant effects were observed on tests of motor performance, tart cherry improved working memory of aged rats. Following behavioral testing, the hippocampus was collected for western/densitometric analysis of inflammatory (GFAP, NOX-2, and COX-2) and autophagy (phosphorylated mTOR, Beclin 1, and p62/SQSTM) markers. Tart cherry supplementation significantly reduced inflammatory markers and improved autophagy function. Daily consumption of tart cherry reduced age-associated inflammation and promoted protein/cellular homeostasis in the hippocampus, along with improvements in working memory. Therefore, addition of tart cherry to the diet may promote healthy aging and/or delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopporn Thangthaeng
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Shibu M Poulose
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Stacey M Gomes
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Marshall G Miller
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Donna F Bielinski
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Barbara Shukitt-Hale
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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29
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Lai X, Khanal BP, Knoche M. Mismatch between cuticle deposition and area expansion in fruit skins allows potentially catastrophic buildup of elastic strain. Planta 2016; 244:1145-1156. [PMID: 27469168 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2572-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The continuous deposition of cutin and wax during leaf and fruit growth is crucial to alleviate elastic strain of the cuticle, minimize the risk of failure and maintain its barrier functions. The cuticular membrane (CM) is a lipoidal biopolymer that covers primary surfaces of terrestrial plants. CMs have barrier functions in water and solute transfer and pathogen invasion. These require intact CMs throughout growth. This is a challenge particularly for fruit, because they increase in area from initiation through to maturity. Our paper investigates the effects of cutin and wax deposition on strain buildup in the CM. We use developing fruits and leaves of apple (Malus × domestica) and sweet cherry (Prunus avium) as models. The hypothesis was that the continuous deposition of the CM prevents the buildup of excessive elastic strain in fruit and leaves. Strains were quantified from decreases in surface area of CMs after isolation from epidermal discs, after wax extraction and from increases in surface area during development. Cuticle mass per unit area increased throughout development in apple fruit, and leaves of apple and sweet cherry. In sweet cherry fruit, however, CM mass increased only initially, but thereafter decreased as the surface expanded rapidly. The release of strain on CM isolation was low in apple fruit and leaves and sweet cherry leaves, but high in sweet cherry fruit. Conversely, strains fixed by the deposition of wax and cutin were high in apple fruit and leaves and sweet cherry leaves, but low in sweet cherry fruit. Our results indicate that in expanding organs, deposition of cutin and wax in the CM allows conversion of elastic to plastic strain. Hence, any lack of such deposition allows buildup of high, potentially catastrophic, elastic strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Lai
- Institute for Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz-University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bishnu Prasad Khanal
- Institute for Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz-University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Moritz Knoche
- Institute for Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz-University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
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30
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Hussain PR, Rather SA, Suradkar P, Parveen S, Mir MA, Shafi F. Potential of carboxymethyl cellulose coating and low dose gamma irradiation to maintain storage quality, inhibit fungal growth and extend shelf-life of cherry fruit. J Food Sci Technol 2016; 53:2966-86. [PMID: 27765967 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) coatings alone and in combination with gamma irradiation was tested for maintaining the storage quality, inhibiting fungal incidence and extending shelf-life of cherry fruit. Two commercial cherry varieties viz. Misri and Double after harvest at commercial maturity were coated with CMC at levels 0.5-1.0 % w/v and gamma irradiated at 1.2 kGy. The treated fruit including control was stored under ambient (temperature 25 ± 2 °C, RH 70 %) and refrigerated (temperature 3 ± 1 °C, RH 80 %) conditions for evaluation of various physico-chemical parameters. Fruits were evaluated after every 3 and 7 days under ambient and refrigerated conditions. CMC coating alone at levels 0.5 and 0.75 % w/v was not found effective with respect to mold growth inhibition under either of the two conditions. Individual treatment of CMC coating at 1.0 % w/v and 1.2 kGy irradiation proved helpful in delaying the onset of mold growth up to 5 and 8 days of ambient storage. During post-refrigerated storage at 25 ± 2 °C, RH 70 %, irradiation alone at 1.2 kGy gave further 4 days extension in shelf-life of cherry varieties following 28 days of refrigeration. All combinatory treatments of CMC coating and irradiation proved beneficial in maintaining the storage quality as well as delaying the decaying of cherry fruit during post-refrigerated storage at 25 ± 2 °C, RH 70 % but, combination of CMC at 1.0 % w/v and 1.2 kGy irradiation was found significantly (p ≤ 0.05) superior to all other treatments in maintaining the storage quality and delaying the decaying of cherry fruit. The above combinatory treatment besides maintaining storage quality resulted in extension of 6 days in shelf life of cherry varieties during post-refrigerated storage at 25 ± 2 °C, RH 80 % following 28 days of refrigeration. Above Combination treatment gave a maximum of 2.3 and 1.5 log reduction in yeast and mold count of cherry fruits after 9 and 28 days of ambient and refrigerated storage, thereby ensuring consumer safety.
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31
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Loch C, Reusch H, Ruge I, Godelmann R, Pflaum T, Kuballa T, Schumacher S, Lachenmeier DW. Benzaldehyde in cherry flavour as a precursor of benzene formation in beverages. Food Chem 2016; 206:74-7. [PMID: 27041300 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
During sampling and analysis of alcohol-free beverages for food control purposes, a comparably high contamination of benzene (up to 4.6μg/L) has been detected in cherry-flavoured products, even when they were not preserved using benzoic acid (which is a known precursor of benzene formation). There has been some speculation in the literature that formation may occur from benzaldehyde, which is contained in natural and artificial cherry flavours. In this study, model experiments were able to confirm that benzaldehyde does indeed degrade to benzene under heating conditions, and especially in the presence of ascorbic acid. Analysis of a large collective of authentic beverages from the market (n=170) further confirmed that benzene content is significantly correlated to the presence of benzaldehyde (r=0.61, p<0.0001). In the case of cherry flavoured beverages, industrial best practices should include monitoring for benzene. Formulations containing either benzoic acid or benzaldehyde in combination with ascorbic acid should be avoided.
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32
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Wu T, Yin J, Zhang G, Long H, Zheng X. Mulberry and cherry anthocyanin consumption prevents oxidative stress and inflammation in diet-induced obese mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:687-94. [PMID: 26627062 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aimed to determine whether cherry anthocyanin (CA) and mulberry anthocyanin (MA) can alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation associated with developing obesity in mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS AND RESULTS CA and MA were added in the daily food of mice throughout the experiment. Sixty mice were randomly divided into two groups: a low-fat diet (LFD, n = 12) group and HFD (n = 48) group. Mice in the HFD group were supplied with a HFD for 8 wks to induce obesity. The HFD-fed mice were then divided into four subgroups for another 8-wk experiment. The subgroups included the control group, HFD plus Orlistat group, and HFD plus CA or MA group, with each group consisting of 12 mice. Consumption of CA and MA at 200 mg/kg food reduced bodyweight gain by 29.6 and 32.7%, respectively, in HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice. CA and MA supplementation could effectively improve the lipid profiles, decrease serum glucose and leptin levels, reduce MDA production, increase SOD and GPX activities, and down-regulate the expression of the TNFα, IL-6, iNOS, and NF-кB genes. CONCLUSION Therefore, MA and CA can potentially alter bodyweight by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation in diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, PR China.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hairong Long
- National Engineering Laboratory of Southwest Endangered Medicinal Resources Development, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Jo Y, Chu H, Cho JK, Choi H, Lian S, Cho WK. De novo transcriptome assembly of a sour cherry cultivar, Schattenmorelle. Genom Data 2015; 6:271-2. [PMID: 26697395 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) in the genus Prunus in the family Rosaceae is one of the most popular stone fruit trees worldwide. Of known sour cherry cultivars, the Schattenmorelle is a famous old sour cherry with a high amount of fruit production. The Schattenmorelle was selected before 1650 and described in the 1800s. This cultivar was named after gardens of the Chateau de Moreille in which the cultivar was initially found. In order to identify new genes and to develop genetic markers for sour cherry, we performed a transcriptome analysis of a sour cherry. We selected the cultivar Schattenmorelle, which is among commercially important cultivars in Europe and North America. We obtained 2.05 GB raw data from the Schattenmorelle (NCBI accession number: SRX1187170). De novo transcriptome assembly using Trinity identified 61,053 transcripts in which N50 was 611 bp. Next, we identified 25,585 protein coding sequences using TransDecoder. The identified proteins were blasted against NCBI's non-redundant database for annotation. Based on blast search, we taxonomically classified the obtained sequences. As a result, we provide the transcriptome of sour cherry cultivar Schattenmorelle using next generation sequencing.
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Kent K, Charlton K, Roodenrys S, Batterham M, Potter J, Traynor V, Gilbert H, Morgan O, Richards R. Consumption of anthocyanin-rich cherry juice for 12 weeks improves memory and cognition in older adults with mild-to-moderate dementia. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:333-341. [PMID: 26482148 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary flavonoids, including anthocyanins, may positively influence cognition and may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of dementia. We aimed to assess whether daily consumption of anthocyanin-rich cherry juice changed cognitive function in older adults with dementia. Blood pressure and anti-inflammatory effects were examined as secondary outcomes. METHODS A 12-week randomised controlled trial assessed cognitive outcomes in older adults (+70 year) with mild-to-moderate dementia (n = 49) after consumption of 200 ml/day of either a cherry juice or a control juice with negligible anthocyanin content. Blood pressure and inflammatory markers (CRP and IL-6) were measured at 6 and 12 weeks. ANCOVA controlling for baseline and RMANOVA assessed change in cognition and blood pressure. RESULTS Improvements in verbal fluency (p = 0.014), short-term memory (p = 0.014) and long-term memory (p ≤ 0.001) were found in the cherry juice group. A significant reduction in systolic (p = 0.038) blood pressure and a trend for diastolic (p = 0.160) blood pressure reduction was evident in the intervention group. Markers of inflammation (CRP and IL-6) were not altered. CONCLUSION Inclusion of an anthocyanin-rich beverage may be a practical and feasible way to improve total anthocyanin consumption in older adults with mild-to-moderate dementia, with potential to improve specific cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Kent
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Karen Charlton
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Steven Roodenrys
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Marijka Batterham
- Statistical Consulting Service, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jan Potter
- Division of Aged Care and Rehabilitation, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Victoria Traynor
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Hayley Gilbert
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Olivia Morgan
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachelle Richards
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Palomero F, Bertani P, Fernández de Simón B, Cadahía E, Benito S, Morata A, Suárez-Lepe JA. Wood impregnation of yeast lees for winemaking. Food Chem 2015; 171:212-23. [PMID: 25308662 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study develops a new method to produce more complex wines by means of an indirect diffusion of wood aromas from yeast cell-walls. An exogenous lyophilized biomass was macerated with an ethanol wood extract solution and subsequently dried. Different times were used for the adsorption of polyphenols and volatile compounds to the yeast cell-walls. The analysis of polyphenols and volatile compounds (by HPLC/DAD and GC-MS, respectively) demonstrate that the adsorption/diffusion of these compounds from the wood to the yeast takes place. Red wines were also aged with Saccharomyces cerevisiae lees that had been impregnated with wood aromas and subsequently dried. Four different types of wood were used: chestnut, cherry, acacia and oak. Large differences were observed between the woods studied with regards to their volatile and polyphenolic profiles. Sensory evaluations confirmed large differences even with short-term contact between the wines and the lees, showing that the method could be of interest for red wine making. In addition, the results demonstrate the potential of using woods other than oak in cooperage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Palomero
- Laboratorio de Enología, Dpto. Tecnología de Alimentos, ETSI Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paolo Bertani
- Laboratorio de Enología, Dpto. Tecnología de Alimentos, ETSI Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
| | - Brígida Fernández de Simón
- Departamento de Productos Forestales, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, CSIC, Spain
| | - Estrella Cadahía
- Departamento de Productos Forestales, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, CSIC, Spain
| | - Santiago Benito
- Laboratorio de Enología, Dpto. Tecnología de Alimentos, ETSI Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Morata
- Laboratorio de Enología, Dpto. Tecnología de Alimentos, ETSI Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Suárez-Lepe
- Laboratorio de Enología, Dpto. Tecnología de Alimentos, ETSI Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
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Zhao D, Song GQ. High-throughput sequencing as an effective approach in profiling small RNAs derived from a hairpin RNA expression vector in woody plants. Plant Sci 2014; 228:39-47. [PMID: 25438784 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hairpin RNA (hpRNA)-mediated gene silencing has proved to be an efficient approach to develop virus-resistant transgenic plants. To characterize small RNA molecules (sRNAs) derived from an hpRNA expression vector in transgenic cherry rootstock plants, we conducted small RNA sequencing of (1) a transgenic rootstock containing an inverted repeat of the partial coat protein of Prunus necrotic ring spot virus (PNRSV-hpRNA); (2) a nontransgenic rootstock; and (3) a PNRSV-infected sweet cherry plant. Analysis of the PNRSV sRNA pools indicated that 24-nt (nucleotide) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were the most prevalent sRNAs in the transgenic rootstock whereas the most abundant sRNAs in the PNRSV-infected nontransgenic rootstock were 21-nt siRNAs. In addition, the 24-nt siRNAs of the PNRSV-hpRNA were more abundant on the sense strand than those on the antisense strand in the transgenic rootstock. In contrast, preference in generating PNRSV sRNAs, ranging from 19-nt to 30-nt for sense and antisense strands, was not distinct in the PNRSV-infected nontransgenic sweet cherry. Taken together, this is the first report on profiling hpRNA-derived sRNAs in woody plants using high-throughput sequencing technology, which is an efficient way to verify the presence/absence, the abundance, and the sequence features of certain sRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Zhao
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Guo-Qing Song
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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De Franceschi P, Stegmeir T, Cabrera A, van der Knaap E, Rosyara UR, Sebolt AM, Dondini L, Dirlewanger E, Quero-Garcia J, Campoy JA, Iezzoni AF. Cell number regulator genes in Prunus provide candidate genes for the control of fruit size in sweet and sour cherry. Mol Breed 2013; 32:311-326. [PMID: 23976873 PMCID: PMC3748327 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-013-9872-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Striking increases in fruit size distinguish cultivated descendants from small-fruited wild progenitors for fleshy fruited species such as Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Prunus spp. (peach, cherry, plum, and apricot). The first fruit weight gene identified as a result of domestication and selection was the tomato FW2.2 gene. Members of the FW2.2 gene family in corn (Zea mays) have been named CNR (Cell Number Regulator) and two of them exert their effect on organ size by modulating cell number. Due to the critical roles of FW2.2/CNR genes in regulating cell number and organ size, this family provides an excellent source of candidates for fruit size genes in other domesticated species, such as those found in the Prunus genus. A total of 23 FW2.2/CNR family members were identified in the peach genome, spanning the eight Prunus chromosomes. Two of these CNRs were located within confidence intervals of major quantitative trait loci (QTL) previously discovered on linkage groups 2 and 6 in sweet cherry (Prunus avium), named PavCNR12 and PavCNR20, respectively. An analysis of haplotype, sequence, segregation and association with fruit size strongly supports a role of PavCNR12 in the sweet cherry linkage group 2 fruit size QTL, and this QTL is also likely present in sour cherry (P. cerasus). The finding that the increase in fleshy fruit size in both tomato and cherry associated with domestication may be due to changes in members of a common ancestral gene family supports the notion that similar phenotypic changes exhibited by independently domesticated taxa may have a common genetic basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. De Franceschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - T. Stegmeir
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - A. Cabrera
- Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH USA
| | - E. van der Knaap
- Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH USA
| | | | | | - L. Dondini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - E. Dirlewanger
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - J. Quero-Garcia
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - J. A. Campoy
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Melakeberhan H, Bird GW, Gore R. Impact of Plant Nutrition on Pratylenchus penetrans Infection of Prunus avium Rootstocks. J Nematol 1997; 29:381-388. [PMID: 19274171 PMCID: PMC2619781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A hypothesis that cherry rootstocks grown under optimal nutrient conditions are affected less by Pratylenchus penetrans infection than those grown under deficient nutrient conditions was tested by growing four Prunus avium L. rootstocks ('Mazzard', 'Mahaleb', 'GI148-1', and 'GI148-8') at a soil pH of 7.0 over a period of 3 months under greenhouse conditions (25 ñ 2 degrees C). Pratylenchus penetrans was inoculated at 0 (control) or 1,500 nematodes per g fresh root weight for a total of 3,600, 4,200, 10,500, and 11,400 per plant on Mazzard, Mahaleb, GI148-1, and GI148-8, respectively, with nutrients (commercial fertilizer) applied once at planting (deficient) or twice weekly (optimal). The experiment was repeated once. The optimum nutrient regime resulted in greater soil nutrient levels and plant growth; higher leaf concentrations of N, P, K, and Mg; and fewer P. penetrans than under the deficient nutrient regime. The addition of fertilizer either may increase nematode mortality in the soil or improve rootstock resistance to nematode infection. Increases in Ca in leaves from the nutrient-deficient and nematode-infected treatments suggested the plants were physiologically stressed. The Pf/Pi ratios indicated that these rootstocks may have had resistance to P. penetrans; however, because of the dominant role of nutrition in the experimental design, the question of resistance could not be properly addressed.
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