1
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Sogari G, Grasso S, Caputo V, Gómez MI, Mora C, Schouteten JJ. Sensory, emotional, and appropriateness of plant- and meat-based burgers. J Food Sci 2024; 89:2974-2990. [PMID: 38711372 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The plant-based meat alternative market is experiencing rapid growth. However, whether this growth extends to mainstream consumers will depend on the sensory profile, emotional profile, and situational appropriateness of these products. This study provides a sensory comparison between two plant-based burgers, one hybrid burger, and a conventional 100% ground beef burger. The sensory evaluation was carried out under blind and informed conditions using a between-subject design. Participants (n = 177) were asked to rate the appearance, flavor, odor, and texture of each product and indicate their overall liking. In addition, 26 sensory terms were evaluated using the rate-all-that-apply technique. The study also measured the emotional profile and the situational appropriateness elicited by each product using the check-all-that-apply technique. The results showed that (a) in the blind condition, there were no significant differences observed in overall liking across the four burgers; (b) the plant-based burger made with pea protein received the lowest overall liking score, and its evaluation was not positively influenced by product information disclosure; (c) providing product information influenced the perceived intensity of the attributes associated with meat; (d) discriminatory ability for emotions was higher in the informed condition; and (e) for the situational appropriateness, when prioritizing healthy eating, participants considered plant-based burgers more suitable than the groundbeef burger. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Our results demonstrate that product descriptions could have an impact on consumer acceptance of different meat burger alternatives. In order to launch successfull meat alternatives, product developers and communication marketing specialists should consider the extent to which these alternatives resemble regular meat products in terms of their sensory and emotional profiles and context of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sogari
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Simona Grasso
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Vincenzina Caputo
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Miguel I Gómez
- Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Cristina Mora
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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2
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Baranda AB, Ríos Y, Llorente R, Naranjo AB, da Quinta N. Neuroscience tools to study the effect of the presentation form on food-evoked emotion for senior population. Food Res Int 2024; 183:114158. [PMID: 38760149 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The elderly population holds significance among consumers because many of them experience alterations in taste and smell or suffer from physical disorders. These factors can lead to reduced food intake, malnutrition, and, consequently, serious health problems. Therefore, there is a need to develop tailored products for seniors, offering both nutrition and appealing foods with easily consumable textures. Among the various characteristics of food, appearance stands out as one of the most critical aspects influencing food preferences and choices. Surprisingly, there is limited knowledge about how food shape affects the holistic emotional responses of seniors. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of food shape on the emotional responses of seniors. This exploration involved the use of explicit methods, such as self-reported questionnaires, and implicit methods, including the measurement of skin conductance responses and facial expressions, as well as their combination. To achieve this goal, we enlisted the participation of 50 individuals (54 % women) from the senior population aged between 55 and 75 years. These participants evaluated two food products with identical sensory characteristics in terms of taste, texture, and flavor. However, these products differed in terms of their shape. We measured their degree of liking and emotional responses using a 7-point hedonic scale, EsSense25, in conjunction with galvanic skin response, and facial expressions, which served as representatives of behavioural and physiological responses. The multivariate analysis allowed to examine sample configurations by gender and establish associations between variables. The combination of implicit and explicit methods led to better discrimination of samples of the same category than the use of each of the methods independently. Although both samples elicited equivalent liking perceptions, they evoked distinct emotional responses, measured at cognitive, physiological, and behavioural levels. In general, men and women experienced different emotions while observing, smelling, handling, or consuming both samples, both consciously and unconsciously. This newfound knowledge could be valuable when designing food products for this demographic. The ultimate goal is to engage consumers and enhance their enjoyment of the food experience by offering more visually appealing food options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Baranda
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technological Alliance (BRTA). Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia. Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Ríos
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technological Alliance (BRTA). Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia. Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Raquel Llorente
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technological Alliance (BRTA). Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia. Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Naranjo
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technological Alliance (BRTA). Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia. Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Noelia da Quinta
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technological Alliance (BRTA). Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia. Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
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3
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Mehta A, Serventi L, Kumar L, Torrico DD. The Scoop on SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast): Exploring Consumer Behaviours towards a Novel Ice Cream. Foods 2023; 12:3152. [PMID: 37685086 PMCID: PMC10486441 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
With the growing demand for sustainable practises, the food industry is increasingly adopting circular economy approaches. One example is recycling the symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) used in kombucha fermentation to create value-added products. However, consumer acceptance of such novel products remains unclear. To address this, the present study examined consumer attitudes towards ice cream made with SCOBY as an ingredient and how this affected their intention to consume it. Drawing on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and additional constructs such as emotions and food neophobia, an online survey was conducted with New Zealand consumers (N = 170). Results showed that the TPB constructs significantly predicted the intention to consume SCOBY ice cream. Moreover, by adding emotions to the constructs, the model's explanatory power was enhanced. Attitudes, subjective norms, and emotions were the main predictors of intention, which in turn was found to be the main predictor of behaviour. Participants' beliefs about the safety and taste of SCOBY ice cream were significantly correlated with their intention and behaviour, as were the opinions of nutritionists/dietitians, friends, and family. The model accounted for 21.7% of the variance in behaviour and 57.4% of the variance in intention. These findings can be used to plan marketing strategies related to waste-to-value-added products such as SCOBY ice cream.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Damir Dennis Torrico
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand; (A.M.); (L.S.); (L.K.)
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4
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Valence, arousal and projective mapping of facial and non-facial emoji investigated using an incomplete block design approach. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Aleman RS, Marcia J, Pournaki SK, Borrás-Linares I, Lozano-Sanchez J, Fernandez IM. Formulation of Protein-Rich Chocolate Chip Cookies Using Cricket ( Acheta domesticus) Powder. Foods 2022; 11:3275. [PMID: 37431022 PMCID: PMC9602185 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In the Western world, the successful introduction of insect consumption may need awareness of insect ingredient benefits, and consumers' anticipation of insect-based foods with sensory quality is crucial. The objective of this study was to develop protein-rich nutritional chocolate chip cookies (CCC) from cricket powder (CP) and analyze their physicochemical, liking, emotions, purchase intent, and sensory properties. The CP additions levels were 0%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. Chemical composition, physicochemical, and functional properties were analyzed using individual and mixed CP and wheat flour (WF). The proximate composition of CP mainly consisted of ash (3.9%), fat (13.4%), and protein (60.7%). In vitro protein digestibility of CP was 85.7%, whereas the essential amino acid score was 0.82. The CP inclusion significantly impacted the WF functional and rheological properties in all given incorporation levels in flour blends and doughs. The incorporation of CP produced darker and softer CCC, resulting from the effect of the CP protein. Adding 5% of CP did not impact the sensory attributes. Purchase intent and liking improved by using 5% of CP after panelists had revealed the beneficial information regarding CP. Concerning emotion terms, "happy" and "satisfied" significantly decreased while the negative emotion term "disgusted" increased among the highest CP substitute levels (7.5% and 10%) after beneficial information. Overall liking, flavor linking, education, consumption intent, gender, age, and positive emotion term "happy" were significantly assertive predictors affecting purchase intent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo S. Aleman
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Agricultural Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Jhunior Marcia
- Faculty of Technological Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Agricultura, Catacamas 16201, Olancho, Honduras
| | | | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesus Lozano-Sanchez
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ismael Montero Fernandez
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, School of Agrarian Engineering, Universidad de Extremadura, 06007 Badajoz, Spain
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6
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Paakki M, Kantola M, Junkkari T, Arjanne L, Luomala H, Hopia A. "Unhealthy = Tasty": How Does It Affect Consumers' (Un)Healthy Food Expectations? Foods 2022; 11:foods11193139. [PMID: 36230215 PMCID: PMC9563033 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumers having a strong unhealthy = tasty (UT) belief are less likely to choose healthy food even though they recognize its health benefits, because they assume healthy food to be unpalatable. The aim of this study was to profile consumers according to their UT belief and specify the strength of the belief among a demographically representative consumer group. The other aim was to investigate the effect of UT belief on expectations of two food products representing either an unhealthy or a healthy image. A total of 1537 consumers participated in the online survey. The scale-based (1-7) mean for UT belief was 3.27 and related positively to male gender and food pleasure orientation and negatively to general health interest. The results indicate that a strong UT belief correlates with positive expectations of unhealthy food and with negative expectations of healthy food. UT belief seemed to increase expected food-associated guilt, but other strong food-related attitudes (health interest with unhealthy food and pleasure orientation with healthy food) reduced this effect. In practice, understanding the relationship between UT belief and personal factors and attitudes, and the importance of this belief to food expectations can assist in finding the tools to encourage consumers towards healthier food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Paakki
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Maija Kantola
- School of Marketing and Communication, University of Vaasa, FI-65200 Vaasa, Finland
| | - Terhi Junkkari
- Technology and Business, Food and Hospitality, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, FI-60101 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Leena Arjanne
- Technology and Business, Food and Hospitality, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, FI-60101 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Harri Luomala
- School of Marketing and Communication, University of Vaasa, FI-65200 Vaasa, Finland
| | - Anu Hopia
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence:
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7
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Mastinu M, Melis M, Yousaf NY, Barbarossa IT, Tepper BJ. Emotional responses to taste and smell stimuli: Self-reports, physiological measures, and a potential role for individual and genetic factors. J Food Sci 2022; 88:65-90. [PMID: 36169921 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Taste and olfaction elicit conscious feelings by direct connection with the neural circuits of emotions that affects physiological responses in the body (e.g., heart rate and skin conductance). While sensory attributes are strong determinants of food liking, other factors such as emotional reactions to foods may be better predictors of consumer choices even for products that are equally-liked. Thus, important insights can be gained for understanding the full spectrum of emotional reactions to foods that inform the activities of product developers and marketers, eating psychologist and nutritionists, and policy makers. Today, self-reported questionnaires and physiological measures are the most common tools applied to study variations in emotional perception. The present review discusses these methodological approaches, underlining their different strengths and weaknesses. We also discuss a small, emerging literature suggesting that individual differences and genetic variations in taste and smell perception, like the genetic ability to perceive the bitter compound PROP, may also play a role in emotional reactions to aromas and foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Mastinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy.,Center for Sensory Sciences & Innovation & Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Melania Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Neeta Y Yousaf
- Center for Sensory Sciences & Innovation & Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Beverly J Tepper
- Center for Sensory Sciences & Innovation & Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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8
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Toward a valence × arousal circumplex-inspired emotion questionnaire (CEQ) based on emoji and comparison with the word-pair variant. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Schouteten JJ, Verwaeren J, Rini L, Almli VL. Comparing a product-specific versus a general emoji list to measure consumers’ emotional associations with chocolate and predict food choice. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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The Impact of Mood, Familiarity, Acceptability, Sensory Characteristics and Attitude on Consumers' Emotional Responses to Chocolates. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111621. [PMID: 35681369 PMCID: PMC9180798 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on emotions linked to sensory characteristics to understand consumers’ choice behaviour have grown in number rapidly. Internal consumer behaviour variables, namely mood, familiarity, acceptability, and attitude (MFAA), have been found to influence emotional response. The aim of this paper was to determine the impact of MFAA on consumers’ emotional responses towards chocolate as well as the effect of the sensory characteristics of chocolate on consumers’ emotional responses. Upon ethical approval, three chocolates were selected by a trained sensory panel based on 14 sensory attributes regarded relevant. Screened respondents (n = 149) completed an online survey based on the tasting of the chocolates by means of a home-use test (HUT). The questionnaire captured consumers’ mood (Quick mood scale), familiarity (QFFQ), acceptability (FACT), the sensory characteristics of the chocolate samples and emotional response (EsSense25 Profile), and lastly attitude (ACQ). Descriptive and inferential statistics were examined to answer the hypotheses of the study. The findings indicate that emotions are related to the bitter sensory attributes of chocolate and that this emotional response is influenced by MFAA variables, supporting the known fact that consumer behaviour is complex and multi-dimensional. Internal consumer behaviour variables play an important role in the emotions experienced during the consumption of chocolate. Investigating the relative importance of consumer behaviour components in sensory studies could allow for the design of food products such as chocolates based on a more “holistic” view of the consumer.
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11
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Quality Multiverse of Beef and Pork Meat in a Single Score. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081154. [PMID: 35454739 PMCID: PMC9028403 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The rationale behind this review is the potential of developing a single score tool for meat quality evaluation based on visual and sensorial assessments of fresh meat. Based on the known sensory wheel concept, the first step was to create quality wheels capturing most common intrinsic and extrinsic quality cues of pork and beef outlined in the latest scientific papers. This resulted in identifying meat color, sensory characteristics and fat content as the most important intrinsic quality cues of fresh beef and pork. Furthermore, the highest number of studies showed the importance of price, certification logos and brand for beef quality evaluation. According to recent articles, price, breed, animal welfare and a veterinary certificate are the most important extrinsic attributes for pork consumers. The second step was to develop a single-score tool named the “Meat quality index”. It has been developed in line with published approaches of different total quality index concepts used in the food sector, providing insights into its application in the meat sector. As a result, this review proposes a unique approach in using quality index application, through the consumer’s preferences aspect of fresh meat.
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12
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Inulin as a Fat-Reduction Ingredient in Pork and Chicken Meatballs: Its Effects on Physicochemical Characteristics and Consumer Perceptions. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081066. [PMID: 35454653 PMCID: PMC9032291 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat reduction in meat products represents a technological challenge, as it affects the physicochemical and sensory properties of foods. The objective of the present investigation was to develop reduced-fat pork and chicken meatballs. In the initial stage, a survey was performed on 387 individuals, in order to determine the consumer perception of the meaning of a healthy meatball and the likelihood that they would consume such a product. In the second stage, four pork and chicken meatball formulations were developed: control meatballs (AC), meatballs with inulin (AI), meatballs with fructo-oligosaccharides (AF), and meatballs with inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides (AM). In the third stage, physicochemical properties were evaluated (water activity, humidity, fat, protein, ash, weight loss, pH, color, and texture) and a sensorial profile was created with semi-trained panelists for the four meatball formulations. In the fourth stage, AI was selected as the meatball with sensorial and physicochemical characteristics most similar to AC. An analysis of nutritional characteristics and a home test (84 consumers) were performed. The present study established that the inclusion of inulin as a fat substitute in the preparation of pork and chicken meatballs, in the amount of 3.5 g of fiber/100 g of the mixture, imitates the technological properties characteristic of fat and showed acceptance by consumers.
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13
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The who, what, where, when, why and how of measuring emotional response to food. A systematic review. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Giacalone D, Llobell F, Jaeger SR. “Beyond liking” measures in food-related consumer research supplement hedonic responses and improve ability to predict consumption. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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15
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16
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Impact of emotional state on consumers’ emotional conceptualizations of dark chocolate using an emoji-based questionnaire. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Hanmontree P, Prinyawiwatkul W, Sae-Eaw A. Emotion and Wellness Profiles of Herbal Drinks Measured Using Different Questionnaire Designs. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030348. [PMID: 35159499 PMCID: PMC8834291 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The emotion and wellness profiles of herbal drinks were assessed using six different questionnaire designs. The questionnaire designs were constructed from two formats of questionnaire items, including words and sentences, and three types of measuring scales, including a rating scale (5-point intensity; 1 = ‘not at all’, 5 = ‘extremely’), a checklist scale (check-all-that-apply, CATA), and a combination of CATA and rating scales (rate-all-that-apply, RATA; 5-point intensity; 1 = ‘slightly’, 5 = ‘extremely’). The 39 emotional terms of the EsSense Profile® and the 45 wellness terms of the WellSense ProfileTM were translated into Thai, then screened for relevance to herbal drinks. The seven positive emotional terms (active, energetic, good, happy, polite, satisfied, and warm), three negative emotional terms (bored, disgusted, and worried), and five wellness terms (comforted, healthy, invigorated, relaxed, and refreshed) were selected and included in the questionnaire. A central location test was performed to determine the emotion and wellness profiles of five herbal drinks: roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) drink, chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) drink, ginger (Zingiber officinale) drink, Jubliang (a mixture of eight herbs) drink, and Krachai Dam (Kaempferia parviflora) drink. For herbal drinks, measuring emotion and wellness with a questionnaire using full sentences did not show increased benefit over questionnaires using words alone. All three measuring methods—a rating scale, CATA, and RATA—produced similar emotion and wellness profiles. However, each method has different advantages and limitations, which researchers should carefully consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannapa Hanmontree
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Witoon Prinyawiwatkul
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Amporn Sae-Eaw
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-43-362-131
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18
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Low JYQ, Diako C, Lin VHF, Yeon LJ, Hort J. Investigating the relative merits of using a mixed reality context for measuring affective response and predicting tea break snack choice. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110718. [PMID: 34865749 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sensory evaluation for the investigation of food consumption is often conducted in a controlled laboratory environment, which does not reflect consumption behaviour in real world. Here, we compared the effect of consumption setting (traditional sensory booth, mixed reality projection café, and a café) on consumer affective responses, and to investigate the effectiveness of using Microsoft HoloLens technology, an Augmented Mixed Reality device, as an ecologically valid alternative to natural consumption eating for sensory evaluation. Participant [(n = 120): 86 females/34 males, aged 18-65 years] affective response (overall liking, attribute liking, emotional response, and snack choice) towards two commercially available tea break snacks (caramel slice and chocolate digestive biscuit) was assessed in three different consumption settings using a balanced crossover design. There were no significant differences for most affective ratings between data obtained from the HoloLens evoked café and real café (p ≥ 0.10), suggesting that mixed reality could provide an ecologically valid context for consumer research. However, response differences were observed between these two contexts and the sensory booths. For example, interested, joy, enthusiastic emotion terms were rated slightly higher in the evoked café in comparison to the booth context and slightly higher emotional engagement was observed for joy in the café compared to the booths (all p < .10). This study highlights key considerations for deciding where consumer testing should be conducted and the importance of using a combination of overall liking, attribute liking and emotional response to obtain data representative of real-world environments in consumer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Y Q Low
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; Food Experience and Sensory Testing (Feast) Lab, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Charles Diako
- Food Experience and Sensory Testing (Feast) Lab, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Joanne Hort
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; Food Experience and Sensory Testing (Feast) Lab, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.
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19
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Schouteten JJ, Meiselman HL. The potential of using emoji instead of words when measuring emotions associated with food. Food Qual Prefer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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21
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Schouteten JJ. Are questionnaires the best way to measure emotions for food products and beverages? Food Qual Prefer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.104122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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23
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Jaeger SR, Roigard CM, Chheang SL. The valence × arousal circumplex-inspired emotion questionnaire (CEQ): Effect of response format and question layout. Food Qual Prefer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.104172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Martins MM, Saldaña E, Teixeira ACB, Selani MM, Contreras-Castillo CJ. Going beyond sensory and hedonic aspects: A Brazilian study of emotions evoked by beef in different contexts. Meat Sci 2021; 180:108536. [PMID: 34034034 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
For deeper insight into beef consumer experiences during consumption, sensory descriptions seem to be insufficient, and exploration of emotions evoked by this product are required. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the emotions evoked by beef consumption in different contexts. To that end, this work was structured as follows: 1) Emotional vocabulary development; 2) Selection of beef cuts; and 3) Emotional profiling of beef cuts. The emotional vocabulary was useful for characterizing emotions evoked by two beef cuts with different sensory profiles, in different contexts, considering a within-subjects design. Rump cap samples showed the highest liking and were associated with positive emotions, while outside flat samples were less liked and characterized by negative emotions. The evoked context had no effect on hedonic and emotional intensities, but increased the number of emotions elicited by consumers. The correlation of sensory, hedonic and emotional information indicated that tenderness and internal color of beef were correlated with positive emotions and higher liking scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Marinho Martins
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erick Saldaña
- Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua (UNAM), Calle Ancash s/n, 18001 Moquegua, Peru
| | - Ana Clara Bortoluzzi Teixeira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriam Mabel Selani
- Centro de Ciências da Natureza, Campus Lagoa do Sino, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros, Km 12, Buri, SP, Brazil
| | - Carmen J Contreras-Castillo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Do Fair Trade Labels Bias Consumers’ Perceptions of Food Products? A Comparison between a Central Location Test and Home-Use Test. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13031384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Consumers are paying more and more attention to ethical and social criteria during grocery shopping. As a result, Fair Trade products which are certified to address global supply chain issues (e.g., forced labor, working conditions, fair pay), are gaining popularity. However, it is unclear to which extent Fair Trade labels might influence how consumers perceive such labelled food products. The aim of this research was to examine the potential effect of Fair Trade labels on several measurements (overall liking, sensory profiling, emotions, willingness-to-pay and kCal estimations). Furthermore, tests were carried out at a sensory lab and at home to examine if the evaluation context might impact the label effect. In total, 179 consumers participated in this study of which 90 carried out the test in the sensory test facilities (central location test—CLT) and 89 at home (home-use-test—HUT). Participants evaluated three pairs of food products (nuts, juice and chocolate) of which one was labelled as conventional and the other one as Fair Trade. However, participants were each time evaluating the same Fair Trade product. Results showed that the Fair Trade label increased the overall liking. For the juice and chocolate, a higher willingness-to-pay was found when the product was labelled as ‘Fair Trade’ while no effect of the label was established for the nuts. The Fair Trade label did not affect the kcal estimation of the samples. The Fair Trade label had a rather limited influence on the sensory and emotional profiling of the food products. Furthermore, the results of the CLT and HUT were highly similar indicating that the evaluation context has little impact on the labelling effect.
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Hong L, Yao L, Xie P, Li W. An empirical study on consumer purchase intention for nuts and influencing factors—Survey based on consumers from Zhejiang. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Functional Needs, Emotions, and Perceptions of Coffee Consumers and Non-Consumers. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12145694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide. Over the last decades coffee has become a specialty product. Drinking a coffee beverage entails several mixed factors, such as pleasure, experience, lifestyle, and social status. It can also provide an emotional pick-up, both mentally and physically. Only a few studies have explored the motives and emotions of coffee consumption and not consumption. There is limited understanding of consumers’ emotional approach towards coffee, and what influences a positive and negative inclination towards coffee consumption. This research fills the current research gaps by addressing three main questions: (i) What are the emotions and habits of coffee consumption? (ii) What are the motives of coffee consumption and non-consumption? and (iii) How relevant is the coffee health impact perception of consuming or not consuming coffee? The research activities include 467 face-to-face interviews with consumers. Interviews are performed in two different countries, Italy and Portugal. Data elaboration includes a principal component analysis carried out to identify latent factors on motives and emotions of consumption in both national groups, and to explore the relationship between the main emotions and consumers’ habits and socio-economic characteristics. Results support that consumers have positive emotions from coffee consumption. Perceived emotions are energy, satisfaction, and pleasure. Non-consumption is mainly driven by taste and fear of coffee’s health impacts. There are limited differences in the countries analysed. Socio-economic characteristics limitedly influence perceived emotions and consumption motives. To conclude, consumers are increasingly interested in new coffee products. Understanding the functional and emotional factors of coffee consumption contributes to supporting new coffee product development and commercialisation.
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Jaeger SR, Roigard CM, Jin D, Xia Y, Zhong F, Hedderley DI. A single-response emotion word questionnaire for measuring product-related emotional associations inspired by a circumplex model of core affect: Method characterisation with an applied focus. Food Qual Prefer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.103805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Delicato C, Schouteten JJ, Dewettinck K, Gellynck X, Tzompa-Sosa DA. Consumers’ perception of bakery products with insect fat as partial butter replacement. Food Qual Prefer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.103755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Jaeger SR, Lee PY, Xia Y, Chheang SL, Roigard CM, Ares G. Using the emotion circumplex to uncover sensory drivers of emotional associations to products: six case studies. Food Qual Prefer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Silva AP, Voss HP, van Zyl H, Hogg T, de Graaf C, Pintado M, Jager G. Effect of adding hop aroma in beer analysed by temporal dominance of sensations and emotions coupled with temporal liking. Food Qual Prefer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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32
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Supplementing hedonic and sensory consumer research on beer with cognitive and emotional measures, and additional insights via consumer segmentation. Food Qual Prefer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Spinelli S, Dinnella C, Ares G, Abbà S, Zoboli GP, Monteleone E. Global Profile: Going beyond liking to better understand product experience. Food Res Int 2019; 121:205-216. [PMID: 31108742 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, interest in collecting an increasing variety of information in order to acquire a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the consumer experience with products has steadily grown. The present study was designed to develop a methodological approach to explore the Global Profile of products within a category. A product-specific questionnaire was developed using one-on-one online interviews conducted with a modified version of the Repertory Grid Method (RGM) combined with semiotic analysis, EmoSemio, extended to cover all the main dimensions of product experience of the category of processed tomato. A 96 item questionnaire - including liking, sensory properties, emotions, emotional and functional conceptualisations and contextual appropriateness measures - was developed and employed in a home use test with 196 consumers who evaluated 9 products (one per day). All the statements were found to discriminate between products with the exception of one. A Multiple Factor Analysis showed that emotions were highly correlated with functional/emotional conceptualisations, while sensory properties were mainly related to emotional conceptualisations (memories) and uses in the recipes. The information provided by the simultaneous collection of these different dimensions allows to go beyond liking and may be used in product development and innovation in order to better understand the consumer experience of a product.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies (DAGRI), University of Florence, Italy; SemioSensory - Research & Consulting, Prato, Italy.
| | - C Dinnella
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies (DAGRI), University of Florence, Italy
| | - G Ares
- Sensometrics & Consumer Science, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, By Pass de Rutas 8 y 101 s/n., C.P. 91000 Pando, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - S Abbà
- Adacta International S.p.A., Naples, Italy
| | - G P Zoboli
- Adacta International S.p.A., Naples, Italy
| | - E Monteleone
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies (DAGRI), University of Florence, Italy
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34
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Schouteten JJ, Verwaeren J, Gellynck X, Almli VL. Comparing a standardized to a product-specific emoji list for evaluating food products by children. Food Qual Prefer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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35
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Development of emotion lexicons to describe chocolate using the Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) methodology across Asian and Western groups. Food Res Int 2018; 115:526-534. [PMID: 30599974 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Emotion-based terms selected by Asians and Westerners were analyzed to develop lexicons associated with chocolate consumption. Hence, an online-based questionnaire (Study 1: N = 206; 51% Asians, 49% Westerners) and a chocolate (milk and dark) tasting session (Study 2: N = 75; 52% Asians, 48% westerners) were conducted to assess emotion terms related to chocolate consumption using Check-All-That-Apply methodology. Emotional satisfaction was the main reason for chocolate consumption. Furthermore, selection of emotional terms was different between cultures and gender. For both studies (1 and 2), flavor of chocolate was the most important factor that determined purchase intention. For Study 2, milk and dark chocolate evoked different emotion terms for participants. The lexicon developed for milk chocolate had similar emotion terms compared to the Study 1 lexicon (online). Developing an emotion lexicon using an online survey could provide a reduced lexicon compared to lexicons generated during the tasting session and can be used as a fast-screening method to develop simplified emotion lexicons due to its similarity to the tasting lexicon. Newly developed lexicons from this study can be applied to sensory consumer tests of chocolate.
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36
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Schouteten JJ, Gellynck X, Slabbinck H. Influence of organic labels on consumer's flavor perception and emotional profiling: Comparison between a central location test and home-use-test. Food Res Int 2018; 116:1000-1009. [PMID: 30716882 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Organic food products are often perceived as healthier by consumers, but the question remains if organic labels might influence consumer's perception of specific sensory attributes and emotional associations and to which extent this effect goes beyond the lab context. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the potential effects of organic labels on the overall liking and emotional and sensory profiling, comparing measurements obtained from a CLT and HUT test. In this study, 76 consumers participated at a central location test (CLT) and 75 during a home-use-test (HUT) to examine the effect of organic labeling on pairs of three food products (i.e. yogurt, potato chips and juice). While the same food product was used, one sample of the pair was labelled as conventional and the other as organic. Results showed that providing an organic label leads to a higher overall liking, willingness to pay and lower kcal estimation of a food product regardless of the evaluation context. Also, the perception of sensory attributes was altered by providing the organic labeling, but mainly for the juice and yogurt sample. Moreover, organic labeling evoked more positive emotions and less negative emotions of the food products. While previous research indicated that organic labeling might affect consumer's perception of food products, this study shows that this effect is consistent regardless of the evaluation context (HUT and CLT). Although some context effects occurred on the emotional profiling of the food products, more research is warranted given the different eating conditions when conducting HUT. Furthermore, policy makers should be aware of the health halo effect as consumers tend to significantly lower the kcal estimations when an organic label is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim J Schouteten
- Department of Agricultural economics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - X Gellynck
- Department of Agricultural economics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - H Slabbinck
- Department of Marketing, Innovation and Organisation, Ghent University, Tweekerkenstraat 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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37
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Jaeger SR, Swaney-Stueve M, Chheang SL, Hunter DC, Pineau B, Ares G. An assessment of the CATA-variant of the EsSense Profile®. Food Qual Prefer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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39
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Jaeger SR, Spinelli S, Ares G, Monteleone E. Linking product-elicited emotional associations and sensory perceptions through a circumplex model based on valence and arousal: Five consumer studies. Food Res Int 2018; 109:626-640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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40
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Kaneko D, Toet A, Brouwer AM, Kallen V, van Erp JBF. Methods for Evaluating Emotions Evoked by Food Experiences: A Literature Review. Front Psychol 2018; 9:911. [PMID: 29937744 PMCID: PMC6002740 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides sensory characteristics of food, food-evoked emotion is a crucial factor in predicting consumer's food preference and therefore in developing new products. Many measures have been developed to assess food-evoked emotions. The aim of this literature review is (i) to give an exhaustive overview of measures used in current research and (ii) to categorize these methods along measurement level (physiological, behavioral, and cognitive) and emotional processing level (unconscious sensory, perceptual/early cognitive, and conscious/decision making) level. This 3 × 3 categorization may help researchers to compile a set of complementary measures (“toolbox”) for their studies. We included 101 peer-reviewed articles that evaluate consumer's emotions and were published between 1997 and 2016, providing us with 59 different measures. More than 60% of these measures are based on self-reported, subjective ratings and questionnaires (cognitive measurement level) and assess the conscious/decision-making level of emotional processing. This multitude of measures and their overrepresentation in a single category hinders the comparison of results across studies and building a complete multi-faceted picture of food-evoked emotions. We recommend (1) to use widely applied, validated measures only, (2) to refrain from using (highly correlated) measures from the same category but use measures from different categories instead, preferably covering all three emotional processing levels, and (3) to acquire and share simultaneously collected physiological, behavioral, and cognitive datasets to improve the predictive power of food choice and other models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kaneko
- Kikkoman Europe R&D Laboratory B.V., Wageningen, Netherlands.,Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Toet
- Perceptual and Cognitive Systems, TNO, Soesterberg, Netherlands
| | | | - Victor Kallen
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Jan B F van Erp
- Perceptual and Cognitive Systems, TNO, Soesterberg, Netherlands.,Human Media Interaction, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
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41
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Pleasantness and trigeminal sensations as salient dimensions in organizing the semantic and physiological spaces of odors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8444. [PMID: 29855500 PMCID: PMC5981304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A major issue in human olfaction research is to characterize the main dimensions that organize the space of odors. The present study examines this question and shows that, beside pleasantness, trigeminal sensations, and particularly irritation, play an important role. These results were consistent along two different spaces constructed using semantic description and physiological responses to 105 odorants, smelled and described by human participants. Taken together, these findings suggest that salient trigeminal features, in conjunction with pleasantness, are involved in detecting relevant emotional stimuli, and modify the way organisms categorize smells. These results shed light on the importance of trigeminal sensitivity in the well-established defensive function of olfaction.
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42
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Larssen WE, Monteleone E, Hersleth M. Sensory description of marine oils through development of a sensory wheel and vocabulary. Food Res Int 2017; 106:45-53. [PMID: 29579947 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Omega-3 industry lacks a defined methodology and a vocabulary for evaluating the sensory quality of marine oils. This study was conducted to identify the sensory descriptors of marine oils and organize them in a sensory wheel for use as a tool in quality assessment. Samples of marine oils were collected from six of the largest producers of omega-3 products in Norway. The oils were selected to cover as much variation in sensory characteristics as possible, i.e. oils with different fatty acid content originating from different species. Oils were evaluated by six industry expert panels and one trained sensory panel to build up a vocabulary through a series of language sessions. A total of 184 aroma (odor by nose), flavor, taste and mouthfeel descriptors were generated. A sensory wheel based on 60 selected descriptors grouped together in 21 defined categories was created to form a graphical presentation of the sensory vocabulary. A selection of the oil samples was also evaluated by a trained sensory panel using descriptive analysis. Chemical analysis showed a positive correlation between primary and secondary oxidation products and sensory properties such as rancidity, chemical flavor and process flavor and a negative correlation between primary oxidation products and acidic. This research is a first step towards the broader objective of standardizing the sensory terminology related to marine oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Larssen
- Møreforsking, PO box 5075, N-6021 Ålesund, Norway.
| | - E Monteleone
- Dep. of Agricultural Biotechnology, University of Florence, Via Donizetti, 6, 51144 Firenze, Italy
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43
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Lagast S, Gellynck X, Schouteten J, De Herdt V, De Steur H. Consumers’ emotions elicited by food: A systematic review of explicit and implicit methods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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44
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Esmerino EA, Tavares Filho ER, Thomas Carr B, Ferraz JP, Silva HL, Pinto LP, Freitas MQ, Cruz AG, Bolini HM. Consumer-based product characterization using Pivot Profile, Projective Mapping and Check-all-that-apply (CATA): A comparative case with Greek yogurt samples. Food Res Int 2017; 99:375-384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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45
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Jaeger SR, Cardello AV, Chheang SL, Beresford MK, Hedderley DI, Pineau B. Holistic and consumer-centric assessment of beer: A multi-measurement approach. Food Res Int 2017; 99:287-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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46
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Marino R, Della Malva A, Seccia A, Caroprese M, Sevi A, Albenzio M. Consumers' expectations and acceptability for low saturated fat 'salami': healthiness or taste? JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:3515-3521. [PMID: 28071795 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional properties of meat and meat products are becoming very important in purchasing behaviour, because consumers are even more concerned about healthiness. The present study aimed to examine the influence of health information on the expected and informed acceptability of salami. Traditional salami and two low saturated fat salami produced with partial or total substitution of pork backfat with extra virgin oil were evaluated. RESULTS Perceived acceptability was the lowest in salami with total animal fat substitution. In both low saturated fat salami, expected acceptability was significantly higher than perceived acceptability, while in traditional salami it was lower. Consumers completely assimilated their liking in the direction of expectations for salami with partial animal fat substitution, whereas incomplete assimilation was observed for salami with total animal fat substitution. The results also revealed that some sociodemographic characteristics discriminate consumer clusters from each other. CONCLUSION The present study highlights that nutritional information is not enough to satisfy consumers' expectations if the product is not sensorily acceptable. Findings about the relevance of information and consumers' segmentation could have important implications for policy makers and the meat product industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Marino
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonella Della Malva
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Seccia
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Caroprese
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, Foggia, Italy
| | - Agostino Sevi
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marzia Albenzio
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, Foggia, Italy
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47
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Comparison of response formats and concurrent hedonic measures for optimal use of the EmoSensory® Wheel. Food Res Int 2017; 93:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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48
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Schouteten JJ, De Steur H, Lagast S, De Pelsmaeker S, Gellynck X. Emotional and sensory profiling by children and teenagers: A case study of the check-all-that-apply method on biscuits. J SENS STUD 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim J. Schouteten
- Department of Agricultural Economics, UGent SensoLab; Ghent University; Coupure links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Hans De Steur
- Department of Agricultural Economics, UGent SensoLab; Ghent University; Coupure links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Sofie Lagast
- Department of Agricultural Economics, UGent SensoLab; Ghent University; Coupure links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Sara De Pelsmaeker
- Department of Agricultural Economics, UGent SensoLab; Ghent University; Coupure links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Xavier Gellynck
- Department of Agricultural Economics, UGent SensoLab; Ghent University; Coupure links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
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49
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Schouteten JJ, De Steur H, Sas B, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Gellynck X. The effect of the research setting on the emotional and sensory profiling under blind, expected, and informed conditions: A study on premium and private label yogurt products. J Dairy Sci 2016; 100:169-186. [PMID: 27837971 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although sensory and emotional evaluation of food products mostly occurs in a controlled laboratory environment, it is often criticized as it may not reflect a realistic situation for consumers. Moreover, products are mainly blind evaluated by participants, whereas external factors such as brand are often considered as key drivers of food choice. This study aims to examine the role of research setting (central location test versus home-use test) and brand information on the overall acceptance, and sensory and emotional profiling of 5 strawberry-flavored yogurts. Thereby, private label and premium brands are compared under 3 conditions: blind, expected, and informed (brand information). A total of 99 adult subjects participated in 3 sessions over 3 consecutive weeks. Results showed that overall liking for 2 yogurt samples was higher in the laboratory environment under the informed evaluation condition, whereas no effect of research setting was found under the blind and expected conditions. Although emotional profiles of the products differed depending on the research setting, this was less the case for the sensory profiles. Furthermore, brand information clearly affected the sensory perception of certain attributes but had less influence on overall liking and emotional profiling. These results indicate that both scientists and food companies should consider the effect of the chosen methodology on ecological validity when conducting sensory research with consumers because the laboratory context could lead to a more positive evaluation compared with a home-use test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim J Schouteten
- SensoLab, Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Hans De Steur
- SensoLab, Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Benedikt Sas
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Xavier Gellynck
- SensoLab, Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
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Danner L, Ristic R, Johnson TE, Meiselman HL, Hoek AC, Jeffery DW, Bastian SE. Context and wine quality effects on consumers' mood, emotions, liking and willingness to pay for Australian Shiraz wines. Food Res Int 2016; 89:254-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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