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Khalid S, Chaudhary K, Aziz H, Amin S, Sipra HM, Ansar S, Rasheed H, Naeem M, Onyeaka H. Trends in extracting protein from microalgae Spirulina platensis, using innovative extraction techniques: mechanisms, potentials, and limitations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39096052 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2386448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Microalgal, species are recognized for their high protein content, positioning them as a promising source of this macronutrient. Spirulina platensis, in particular, is noteworthy for its rich protein levels (70 g/100 g dw), which are higher than those of meat and legumes. Incorporating this microalgae into food can provide various benefits to human health due to its diverse chemical composition, encompassing high amount of protein and elevated levels of minerals, phenolics, essential fatty acids, and pigments. Conventional techniques employed for protein extraction from S. platensis have several drawbacks, prompting the exploration of innovative extraction techniques (IETs) to overcome these limitations. Recent advancements in extraction methods include ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, high-pressure-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pulse-electric field assisted extraction, ionic liquids assisted extraction, and pressurized liquid extraction. These IETs have demonstrated efficiency in enhancing protein yield of high quality while maximizing biomass utilization. This comprehensive review delves into the mechanisms, applications, and drawbacks associated with implementing IETs in protein extraction from S. platensis. Notably, these innovative methods offer advantages such as increased extractability, minimized protein denaturation, reduced solvent consumption, and lower energy consumption. However, safety considerations and the synergistic effects of combined extraction methods warrant further exploration and investigation of their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samran Khalid
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kashmala Chaudhary
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Humera Aziz
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sara Amin
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Mehmood Sipra
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Ansar
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Husnain Rasheed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Helen Onyeaka
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Yu Z, Zhao W, Sun H, Mou H, Liu J, Yu H, Dai L, Kong Q, Yang S. Phycocyanin from microalgae: A comprehensive review covering microalgal culture, phycocyanin sources and stability. Food Res Int 2024; 186:114362. [PMID: 38729724 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
As food safety continues to gain prominence, phycocyanin (PC) is increasingly favored by consumers as a natural blue pigment, which is extracted from microalgae and serves the dual function of promoting health and providing coloration. Spirulina-derived PC demonstrates exceptional stability within temperature ranges below 45 °C and under pH conditions between 5.5 and 6.0. However, its application is limited in scenarios involving high-temperature processing due to its sensitivity to heat and light. This comprehensive review provides insights into the efficient production of PC from microalgae, covers the metabolic engineering of microalgae to increase PC yields and discusses various strategies for enhancing its stability in food applications. In addition to the most widely used Spirulina, some red algae and Thermosynechococcus can serve as good source of PC. The genetic and metabolic manipulation of microalgae strains has shown promise in increasing PC yield and improving its quality. Delivery systems including nanoparticles, hydrogels, emulsions, and microcapsules offer a promising solution to protect and extend the shelf life of PC in food products, ensuring its vibrant color and health-promoting properties are preserved. This review highlights the importance of metabolic engineering, multi-omics applications, and innovative delivery systems in unlocking the full potential of this natural blue pigment in the realm of food applications, provides a complete overview of the entire process from production to commercialization of PC, including the extraction and purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyu Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, NO.1299 sansha road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Weiyang Zhao
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Han Sun
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, NO.1299 sansha road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hui Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, NO.1299 sansha road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Lei Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qing Kong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, NO.1299 sansha road, Qingdao 266404, China.
| | - Shufang Yang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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3
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Wang J, Qin S, Lin J, Wang Q, Li W, Gao Y. Phycobiliproteins from microalgae: research progress in sustainable production and extraction processes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:170. [PMID: 37941077 PMCID: PMC10634026 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins (PBPs), one of the functional proteins from algae, are natural pigment-protein complex containing various amino acids and phycobilins. It has various activities, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. And are potential for applications in food, cosmetics, and biomedicine. Improving their metabolic yield is of great interest. Microalgaes are one of the important sources of PBPs, with high growth rate and have the potential for large-scale production. The key to large-scale PBPs production depends on accumulation and recovery of massive productive alga in the upstream stage and the efficiency of microalgae cells breakup and extract PBPs in the downstream stage. Therefore, we reviewed the status quo in the research and development of PBPs production, summarized the advances in each stage and the feasibility of scaled-up production, and demonstrated challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Jian Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China.
| | - Yonglin Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
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Li Z, Zhou T, Zhang Q, Liu T, Lai J, Wang C, Cao L, Liu Y, Ruan R, Xue M, Wang Y, Cui X, Liu C, Ren Y. Influence of cold atmospheric pressure plasma treatment of Spirulina platensis slurry over biomass characteristics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 386:129480. [PMID: 37437813 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) technique is an innovative non-thermal approach for food preservation and decontamination. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of CAPP power density on microorganism inactivation and quality of Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) slurry. 91.31 ± 1.61% of microorganism were inactivated within 2.02 ± 0.11 min by 26.67 W/g CAPP treatment under 50 ℃. Total phenolic, Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), and carotenoids contents were increased by 20.51%, 63.55%, and 70.04% after 20.00 W/g CAPP treatment. Phycobiliproteins (PBPs), protein, intracellular polysaccharide, and moisture content of S. platensis was decreased, while vividness, lightness, color of yellow and green, antioxidant activity, Essential Amino Acid Index were enhanced after CAPP treatment. The nutrient release and filaments breakage of CAPP-treated S. platensis improved its bio-accessibility. The findings provided a deep understanding and insight into the influence of CAPP treatment on S. platensis, which were meaningful for optimizing its sterilization and drying processing condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Tongying Liu
- Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jiangling Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Canbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Leipeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul MN 55108, USA
| | - Mingxiong Xue
- Beihai Spd Science Technology Co., LTD, Beihai, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yunpu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Cuixia Liu
- School of Energy & Environment, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Zhejiang Suntown Environment Protection Co., LTD, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, China
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5
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Saravana PS, Ummat V, Bourke P, Tiwari BK. Emerging green cell disruption techniques to obtain valuable compounds from macro and microalgae: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:904-919. [PMID: 35786238 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2089869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In the modern era, macro-microalgae attract a strong interest across scientific disciplines, owing to the wide application of these cost-effective valuable bioresources in food, fuel, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals etc. The practice of eco-friendly extraction techniques has led scientists to create alternative processes to the conventional methods, to enhance the extraction of the key valuable compounds from macro-microalgae. This review narrates the possible use of novel cell disruption techniques, including use of ionic liquid, deep eutectic solvent, surfactant, switchable solvents, high voltage electrical discharge, explosive decompression, compressional-puffing, plasma, and ozonation, which can enable the recovery of value added substances from macro-microalgae, complying with the principles of green chemistry and sustainability. The above-mentioned innovative techniques are reviewed with respect to their working principles, benefits, and possible applications for macro-microalgae bioactive compound recovery and biofuel. The benefits of these techniques compared to conventional extraction methods include shorter extraction time, improved yield, and reduced cost. Furthermore, various combinations of these innovative technologies are used for the extraction of thermolabile bioactive compounds. The challenges and prospects of the innovative extraction processes for the forthcoming improvement of environmentally and cost-effective macro-microalgal biorefineries are also explained in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periaswamy Sivagnanam Saravana
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Viruja Ummat
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paula Bourke
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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Tounsi L, Ben Hlima H, Hentati F, Hentati O, Derbel H, Michaud P, Abdelkafi S. Microalgae: A Promising Source of Bioactive Phycobiliproteins. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:440. [PMID: 37623721 PMCID: PMC10456337 DOI: 10.3390/md21080440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins are photosynthetic light-harvesting pigments isolated from microalgae with fluorescent, colorimetric and biological properties, making them a potential commodity in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. Hence, improving their metabolic yield is of great interest. In this regard, the present review aimed, first, to provide a detailed and thorough overview of the optimization of culture media elements, as well as various physical parameters, to improve the large-scale manufacturing of such bioactive molecules. The second section of the review offers systematic, deep and detailed data about the current main features of phycobiliproteins. In the ultimate section, the health and nutritional claims related to these bioactive pigments, explaining their noticeable potential for biotechnological uses in various fields, are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Tounsi
- Enzymatic Engineering and Microbiology Laboratory, Algae Biotechnology Team, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (L.T.); (H.B.H.); (O.H.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hajer Ben Hlima
- Enzymatic Engineering and Microbiology Laboratory, Algae Biotechnology Team, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (L.T.); (H.B.H.); (O.H.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Faiez Hentati
- INRAE, Animal Research Unit and Functionalities of Animal Products (UR AFPA), University of Lorraine, USC 340, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Ons Hentati
- Enzymatic Engineering and Microbiology Laboratory, Algae Biotechnology Team, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (L.T.); (H.B.H.); (O.H.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Hana Derbel
- Enzymatic Engineering and Microbiology Laboratory, Algae Biotechnology Team, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (L.T.); (H.B.H.); (O.H.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Enzymatic Engineering and Microbiology Laboratory, Algae Biotechnology Team, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (L.T.); (H.B.H.); (O.H.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
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Ji L, Qiu S, Wang Z, Zhao C, Tang B, Gao Z, Fan J. Phycobiliproteins from algae: Current updates in sustainable production and applications in food and health. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112737. [PMID: 37087221 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins are light-harvesting complexes found mainly in cyanobacteria and red algae, playing a key role in photosynthesis. They are extensively applied in food, cosmetics, and biomedical industry due to bright color, unique fluorescence characteristics and diverse physiological activities. They have received much attention in the past few decades because of their green and sustainable production, safe application, and functional diversity. This work aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of parameters affecting the whole bioprocess with a special focus on the extraction and purification, which directly determines the application of phycobiliproteins. Food grade phycobiliproteins are easy to prepare, whereas analytical grade phycobiliproteins are extremely complex and costly to produce. Most phycobiliproteins are denatured and inactivated at high temperatures, severely limiting their application. Inspired by recent advances, future perspectives are put forward, including (1) the mutagenesis and screening of algal strains for higher phycobiliprotein productivity, (2) the application of omics and genetic engineering for stronger phycobiliprotein stability, and (3) the utilization of synthetic biology and heterologous expression systems for easier phycobiliprotein isolation. This review will give a reference for exploring more phycobiliproteins for food and health application development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Sheng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Chenni Zhao
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Bo Tang
- Nantong Focusee Biotechnology Company Ltd., Nantong, Jiangsu 226133, PR China
| | - Zhengquan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Jianhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, PR China.
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Fernandes R, Campos J, Serra M, Fidalgo J, Almeida H, Casas A, Toubarro D, Barros AIRNA. Exploring the Benefits of Phycocyanin: From Spirulina Cultivation to Its Widespread Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040592. [PMID: 37111349 PMCID: PMC10144176 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale production of microalgae and their bioactive compounds has steadily increased in response to global demand for natural compounds. Spirulina, in particular, has been used due to its high nutritional value, especially its high protein content. Promising biological functions have been associated with Spirulina extracts, mainly related to its high value added blue pigment, phycocyanin. Phycocyanin is used in several industries such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, which increases its market value. Due to the worldwide interest and the need to replace synthetic compounds with natural ones, efforts have been made to optimize large-scale production processes and maintain phycocyanin stability, which is a highly unstable protein. The aim of this review is to update the scientific knowledge on phycocyanin applications and to describe the reported production, extraction, and purification methods, including the main physical and chemical parameters that may affect the purity, recovery, and stability of phycocyanin. By implementing different techniques such as complete cell disruption, extraction at temperatures below 45 °C and a pH of 5.5-6.0, purification through ammonium sulfate, and filtration and chromatography, both the purity and stability of phycocyanin have been significantly improved. Moreover, the use of saccharides, crosslinkers, or natural polymers as preservatives has contributed to the increased market value of phycocyanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernandes
- Mesosystem, Rua da Igreja Velha 295, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Joana Campos
- Mesosystem, Rua da Igreja Velha 295, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Mónica Serra
- Mesosystem, Rua da Igreja Velha 295, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Javier Fidalgo
- Mesosystem, Rua da Igreja Velha 295, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Hugo Almeida
- Mesosystem, Rua da Igreja Velha 295, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- UCIBIO (Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences), REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), MEDTECH (Medicines and Healthcare Products), Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Casas
- Mesosystem, Rua da Igreja Velha 295, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Duarte Toubarro
- CBA and Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus No 13, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Ana I R N A Barros
- Mesosystem, Rua da Igreja Velha 295, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Kinetic study of the combined effect of high pressure and pH-value on Arthrospira Platensis (Spirulina) proteins extraction. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2023.103331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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10
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Pradhan N, Kumar S, Selvasembian R, Rawat S, Gangwar A, Senthamizh R, Yuen YK, Luo L, Ayothiraman S, Saratale GD, Mal J. Emerging trends in the pretreatment of microalgal biomass and recovery of value-added products: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128395. [PMID: 36442602 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are a promising source of raw material (i.e., proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, pigments, and micronutrients) for various value-added products and act as a carbon sink for atmospheric CO2. The rigidity of the microalgal cell wall makes it difficult to extract different cellular components for its applications, including biofuel production, food and feed supplements, and pharmaceuticals. To improve the recovery of products from microalgae, pretreatment strategies such as biological, physical, chemical, and combined methods have been explored to improve whole-cell disruption and product recovery efficiency. However, the diversity and uniqueness of the microalgal cell wall make the pretreatment process more species-specific and limit its large-scale application. Therefore, advancing the currently available technologies is required from an economic, technological, and environmental perspective. Thus, this paper provides a state-of-art review of the current trends, challenges, and prospects of sustainable microalgal pretreatment technologies from a microalgae-based biorefinery concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirakar Pradhan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biofuel Research Laboratory, School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, U.P. 221005 India
| | - Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shweta Rawat
- Biofuel Research Laboratory, School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, U.P. 221005 India
| | - Agendra Gangwar
- Biofuel Research Laboratory, School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, U.P. 221005 India
| | - R Senthamizh
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yuk Kit Yuen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Seenivasan Ayothiraman
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem - 534101, West Godavari Dist, Andhra Prdesh, India
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido, Seoul 10326, Korea
| | - Joyabrata Mal
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Sun H, Wang Y, He Y, Liu B, Mou H, Chen F, Yang S. Microalgae-Derived Pigments for the Food Industry. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020082. [PMID: 36827122 PMCID: PMC9967018 DOI: 10.3390/md21020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the food industry, manufacturers and customers have paid more attention to natural pigments instead of the synthetic counterparts for their excellent coloring ability and healthy properties. Microalgae are proven as one of the major photosynthesizers of naturally derived commercial pigments, gaining higher value in the global food pigment market. Microalgae-derived pigments, especially chlorophylls, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins, have unique colors and molecular structures, respectively, and show different physiological activities and health effects in the human body. This review provides recent updates on characteristics, application fields, stability in production and extraction processes of chlorophylls, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins to standardize and analyze their commercial production from microalgae. Potential food commodities for the pigment as eco-friendly colorants, nutraceuticals, and antioxidants are summarized for the target products. Then, recent cultivation strategies, metabolic and genomic designs are presented for high pigment productivity. Technical bottlenecks of downstream processing are discussed for improved stability and bioaccessibility during production. The production strategies of microalgal pigments have been exploited to varying degrees, with some already being applied at scale while others remain at the laboratory level. Finally, some factors affecting their global market value and future prospects are proposed. The microalgae-derived pigments have great potential in the food industry due to their high nutritional value and competitive production cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yongjin He
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haijin Mou
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shufang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (S.Y.)
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12
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Algae processing by plasma discharge technology: A review. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.102983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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Ricós-Muñoz N, Rivas Soler A, Castagnini JM, Moral R, Barba FJ, Pina-Pérez MC. Improvement of the probiotic growth-stimulating capacity of microalgae extracts by pulsed electric fields treatment. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Giannoglou M, Andreou V, Thanou I, Markou G, Katsaros G. High pressure assisted extraction of proteins from wet biomass of Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) – A kinetic approach. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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da Fontoura Prates D, Radünz M, Gomes R, de Menezes JL, Spinosa WA, Costa JAV, Ida EI, Gandra EA. Development, fermentation and storage of kefir with extract of pineapple residues and
Spirulina
sp.Kefir with extract of pineapple and
Spirulina
sp. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.17078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise da Fontoura Prates
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, CEP 96010‐900, Pelotas RS Brasil
| | - Marjana Radünz
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, CEP 96010‐900, Pelotas RS Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Gomes
- Departamento Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, CEP 86057‐970, Londrina PR Brasil
| | - Jéssica Lima de Menezes
- Departamento Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, CEP 86057‐970, Londrina PR Brasil
| | - Wilma Aparecida Spinosa
- Departamento Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, CEP 86057‐970, Londrina PR Brasil
| | - Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, CEP 96203‐900, Rio Grande RS Brasil
| | - Elza Ioko Ida
- Departamento Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, CEP 86057‐970, Londrina PR Brasil
| | - Eliezer Avila Gandra
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, CEP 96010‐900, Pelotas RS Brasil
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16
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Sarkarat R, Mohamadnia S, Tavakoli O. Recent advances in non-conventional techniques for extraction of phycobiliproteins and carotenoids from microalgae. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-022-00256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Fan R, Wang L, Fan J, Sun W, Dong H. The Pulsed Electric Field Assisted-Extraction Enhanced the Yield and the Physicochemical Properties of Soluble Dietary Fiber From Orange Peel. Front Nutr 2022; 9:925642. [PMID: 35938122 PMCID: PMC9355398 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.925642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effects of pulsed electric field (PEF)-assisted extraction on the yield, physicochemical properties, and structure of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from orange peel. The results showed that the optinal parameters of PEF assisted extraction SDF was temperature of 45oC with the electric field intensity of 6.0 kV/cm, pulses number of 30, and time of 20min and SDF treated with PEF showed the higher water solubility, water-holding and oil-holding capacity, swelling capacity, emulsifying activity, emulsion stability, foam stability and higher binding capacity for Pb2+, As3+, Cu2+, and higher which resulted from the higher viscosity due to PEF treatment. Compared with the untreated orange peel, the SDF obtained with PEF exhibited stronger antioxidant activities, which was due to its smaller molecular weight (189 vs. 512 kDa). In addition, scanning electron micrograph images demonstrated that the surface of PEF-SDF was rough and collapsed. Overall, it was suggested that PEF treatment could improve the physicochemical properties of SDF from the orange peel and would be the potential extraction technology with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Quality Evaluation and Nutrition Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tangshan, China
- Tangshan Food and Drug Comprehensive Testing Center, Tangshan, China
| | - Jingfang Fan
- Hebei Plant Protection and Quarantine General Station, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wanqiu Sun
- Beijing Institute of Nutritional Resources Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Shijiazhuang Institute of Pomology, Heibei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, National Pear Improvement Centre, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Dong ;
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18
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Knappert J, Nolte J, Friese N, Yang Y, Lindenberger C, Rauh C, McHardy C. Decay of Trichomes of Arthrospira platensis After Permeabilization Through Pulsed Electric Fields (PEFs) Causes the Release of Phycocyanin. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.934552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis is a promising source of edible proteins and other highly valuable substances such as the blue pigment-protein complex phycocyanin. Pulsed electric field (PEF) technology has recently been studied as a way of permeabilizing the cell membrane, thereby enhancing the mass transfer of water-soluble cell metabolites. Unfortunately, the question of the release mechanism is not sufficiently clarified in published literature. In this study, the degree of cell permeabilization (cell disintegration index) was directly measured by means of a new method using fluorescent dye propidium iodide (PI). The method allows for conclusions to be drawn about the effects of treatment time, electric field strength, and treatment temperature. Using a self-developed algorithm for image segmentation, disintegration of trichomes was observed over a period of 3 h. This revealed a direct correlation between cell disintegration index and decay of trichomes. This decay, in turn, could be brought into a direct temporal relationship with the release of phycocyanin. For the first time, this study reveals the relationship between permeabilization and the kinetics of particle decay and phycocyanin extraction, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of the release of cell metabolites in response to PEF. The results will facilitate the design of downstream processes to produce sustainable products from Arthrospira platensis.
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19
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Microalgae: Bioactive Composition, Health Benefits, Safety and Prospects as Potential High-Value Ingredients for the Functional Food Industry. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121744. [PMID: 35741941 PMCID: PMC9222421 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Global population is estimated to reach about 9.22 billion by 2075. The increasing knowledge on the relationship between food biochemistry and positive health gives an indication of the urgency to exploit food resources that are not only sustainable but also impact human health beyond basic nutrition. A typical example of such novel food is microalgae, an aquatic microorganism with a plethora of diverse bioactive compounds including phenolics, carotenoids, vitamin B12 and peptides. Microalgal bioactive compounds have been shown to possess positive health effects such as antihypertensive, anti-obesity, antioxidative, anticancer and cardiovascular protection. Although, the utilization of microalgal biomass by the functional food industry has faced lots of challenges because of species diversity and variations in biomass and cultivation factors. Other documented challenges were ascribed to changes in functional structures during extraction and purification due to inefficient bio-processing techniques, inconclusive literature information on the bioavailability and safety of the microalgal bioactive compounds and the fishy odor and taste when applied in food formulations. In spite of these challenges, great opportunities exist to exploit their utilization for the development of functional foods. Microalgae are a renewable resource and have fast growth rate. Therefore, detailed research is needed to bridge these challenges to pave way for large-scale commercialization of microalgal-based healthy foods. The focus of this review is to discuss the potential of microalgae as natural ingredients for functional food development, factors limiting their acceptance and utilization in the food industry as well as their safety concerns with respect to human consumption.
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Buecker S, Grossmann L, Loeffler M, Leeb E, Weiss J. High Molecular Weight λ-Carrageenan Improves the Color Stability of Phycocyanin by Associative Interactions. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.915194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin is a protein-chromophore structure present in Arthrospira platensis commonly used as a blue-colorant in food. Color losses of phycocyanin can be reduced by electrostatic complexation with λ-carrageenan. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of molecular weight (MW) of λ-carrageenan on the color stabilization of electrostatic complexes formed with phycocyanin and λ-carrageenan. Samples were heated to 70 or 90°C at pH 3.0 and stored at 25°C for 14 days. The MW of λ-carrageenan was reduced by ultrasound treatments for 15, 30, 60, and 90 min. Prolonged ultrasonication had a pronounced effect on the Mw, which decreased from 2,341 to 228 kDa (0–90 min). Complexes prepared with low MW λ-carrageenan showed greater color changes compared to complexes prepared with high MW λ-carrageenan. The MW had no visible effect on color stability on day 0, but green/yellow shifts were observed during storage and after heating to 70°C. Medium MW showed less color stabilization effects compared to low MW when heated to 70°C. Moreover, for solutions prepared with ultrasonicated λ-carrageenan, significant hue shifts toward green/yellow, and precipitation were observed after a heat treatment at 90°C. In addition, the sizes of the complexes were significantly reduced (646–102 nm) by using ultrasonicated λ-carrageenan, except for the lowest MW λ-carrageenan when heated to 90°C. Overall, these findings demonstrated that decreasing the MW of λC had adverse effects on the color stability of PC:λC complexes heated to 70 and 90°C.
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21
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Pulsed electric fields (PEF), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and combined PEF + PLE process evaluation: Effects on Spirulina microstructure, biomolecules recovery and Triple TOF-LC-MS-MS polyphenol composition. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.102989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Park J, Lee H, Dinh TB, Choi S, De Saeger J, Depuydt S, Brown MT, Han T. Commercial Potential of the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira maxima: Physiological and Biochemical Traits and the Purification of Phycocyanin. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050628. [PMID: 35625356 PMCID: PMC9138259 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Arthrospira maxima is an unbranched, filamentous cyanobacterium rich in important cellular products such as vitamins, minerals, iron, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, and protein, which has made it one of the most important commercial photoautotrophs. To optimize the growth conditions for the production of target compounds and to ensure profitability in commercial applications, the effects of pH and temperature were investigated. A. maxima has been shown to be tolerant to a range of pH conditions and to exhibit hyper-accumulation of phycoerythrin and allophycocyanin at low temperatures. These traits may offer significant advantages for future exploitation, especially in outdoor cultivation with fluctuating pH and temperature. Our study also demonstrated a new method for the purification of phycocyanin from A. maxima by using by ultrafiltration, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration, producing PC at 1.0 mg·mL−1 with 97.6% purity. Abstract Arthrospira maxima is a natural source of fine chemicals for multiple biotechnological applications. We determined the optimal environmental conditions for A. maxima by measuring its relative growth rate (RGR), pigment yield, and photosynthetic performance under different pH and temperature conditions. RGR was highest at pH 7–9 and 30 °C. Chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, maximal quantum yield (Fv/Fm), relative maximal electron transport rate (rETRmax), and effective quantum yield (ΦPSII) were highest at pH 7–8 and 25 °C. Interestingly, phycoerythrin and allophycocyanin content was highest at 15 °C, which may be the lowest optimum temperature reported for phycobiliprotein production in the Arthrospira species. A threestep purification of phycocyanin (PC) by ultrafiltration, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration resulted in a 97.6% purity of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihae Park
- Development & Planning Office, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Korea; (J.P.); (H.L.)
- Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Korea;
| | - Hojun Lee
- Development & Planning Office, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Korea; (J.P.); (H.L.)
| | - Thai Binh Dinh
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Management, Incheon National University, 119, Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, Korea;
| | - Soyeon Choi
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, 119, Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, Korea;
| | - Jonas De Saeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Stephen Depuydt
- Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Korea;
| | - Murray T. Brown
- School of Marine Science & Engineering, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, UK;
| | - Taejun Han
- Development & Planning Office, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Korea; (J.P.); (H.L.)
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, 119, Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, Korea;
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653-Block F, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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23
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24
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Application of Pulsed Electric Fields and High-Pressure Homogenization in Biorefinery Cascade of C. vulgaris Microalgae. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030471. [PMID: 35159621 PMCID: PMC8834027 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a cascaded cell disintegration process, based on pulsed electric fields (PEF - 20 kV/cm, 100 kJ/kgSUSP.) and high-pressure homogenization (HPH - 150 MPa, 5 passes) was designed for the efficient and selective release of intracellular compounds (water-soluble proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) from C. vulgaris suspensions during extraction in water (25 °C, 1 h) and ethyl acetate (25 °C, 3 h). Recovery yields of target compounds from cascaded treatments (PEF + HPH) were compared with those observed when applying PEF and HPH treatments individually. Particle size distribution and scanning electron microscopy analyses showed that PEF treatment alone did not induce any measurable effect on cell shape/structure, whereas HPH caused complete cell fragmentation and debris formation, with an undifferentiated release of intracellular matter. Spectra measurements demonstrated that, in comparison with HPH alone, cascaded treatments increased the selectivity of extraction and improved the yields of carbohydrates and lipids, while higher yields of water-soluble proteins were measured for HPH alone. This work, therefore, demonstrates the feasibility of sequentially applying PEF and HPH treatments in the biorefinery of microalgae, projecting a beneficial impact in terms of process economics due to the potential reduction of the energy requirements for separation/purification stages.
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25
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Freeze–thaw-, enzyme-, ultrasound- and pulsed electric field-assisted extractions of C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis dry biomass. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Li Z, Yang Q, Du H, Wu W. Advances Of Pulsed Electric Field For Foodborne Pathogen Sterilization. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2012798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojie Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingli Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Han Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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27
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Advances and innovations associated with the use of acoustic energy in food processing: An updated review. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Sirohi R, Ummalyma SB, Sagar NA, Sharma P, Awasthi MK, Badgujar PC, Madhavan A, Rajasekharan R, Sindhu R, Sim SJ, Pandey A. Strategies and advances in the pretreatment of microalgal biomass. J Biotechnol 2021; 341:63-75. [PMID: 34537253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Modification of structural components, especially the cell wall, through adequate pretreatment strategies is critical to the bioconversion efficiency of algal biomass to biorefinery products. Over the years, several physical, physicochemical, chemical and green pretreatment methods have been developed to achieve maximum productivity of desirable by-products to sustain a circular bioeconomy. The effectiveness of the pretreatment methods is however, species specific due to diversity in the innate nature of the microalgal cell wall. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most notable and promising pretreatment strategies for several microalgae species. Methods including the application of stress, ultrasound, electromagnetic fields, pressure, heat as well as chemical solvents (ionic liquids, supercritical fluids, deep eutectic solvents etc.) have been detailed and analyzed. Enzyme and hydrolytic microorganism based green pretreatment methods have also been reviewed. Metabolic engineering of microorganisms for product specificity and lower inhibitors can be a future breakthrough in microalgal pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | | | - Narashans Alok Sagar
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat 131028, Haryana, India.
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
| | - Prarabdh C Badgujar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India.
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695014, India.
| | | | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India.
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Alinovi M, Bancalari E, Martelli F, Cirlini M, Rinaldi M. Stabilization of
Arthrospira platensis
with high‐pressure processing and thermal treatments: Effect on physico‐chemical and microbiological quality. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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30
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A Critical Review on Pulsed Electric Field: A Novel Technology for the Extraction of Phytoconstituents. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164893. [PMID: 34443475 PMCID: PMC8400384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Different parts of a plant (seeds, fruits, flower, leaves, stem, and roots) contain numerous biologically active compounds called “phytoconstituents” that consist of phenolics, minerals, amino acids, and vitamins. The conventional techniques applied to extract these phytoconstituents have several drawbacks including poor performance, low yields, more solvent use, long processing time, and thermally degrading by-products. In contrast, modern and advanced extraction nonthermal technologies such as pulsed electric field (PEF) assist in easier and efficient identification, characterization, and analysis of bioactive ingredients. Other advantages of PEF include cost-efficacy, less time, and solvent consumption with improved yields. This review covers the applications of PEF to obtain bioactive components, essential oils, proteins, pectin, and other important materials from various parts of the plant. Numerous studies compiled in the current evaluation concluded PEF as the best solution to extract phytoconstituents used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. PEF-assisted extraction leads to a higher yield, utilizes less solvents and energy, and it saves a lot of time compared to traditional extraction methods. PEF extraction design should be safe and efficient enough to prevent the degradation of phytoconstituents and oils.
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31
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Assessment of Phycocyanin Extraction from Cyanidium caldarium by Spark Discharges, Compared to Freeze-Thaw Cycles, Sonication, and Pulsed Electric Fields. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071452. [PMID: 34361888 PMCID: PMC8303284 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin is a blue colored pigment, synthesized by several species of cyanobacteria and red algae. Besides the application as a food-colorant, the pigmented protein is of high interest as a pharmaceutically and nutritionally valuable compound. Since cyanobacteria-derived phycocyanin is thermolabile, red algae that are adapted to high temperatures are an interesting source for phycocyanin extraction. Still, the extraction of high quality phycocyanin from red algae is challenging due to the strong and rigid cell wall. Since standard techniques show low yields, alternative methods are needed. Recently, spark discharges have been shown to gently disintegrate microalgae and thereby enable the efficient extraction of susceptible proteins. In this study, the applicability of spark discharges for phycocyanin extraction from the red alga Cyanidium caldarium was investigated. The efficiency of 30 min spark discharges was compared with standard treatment protocols, such as three times repeated freeze-thaw cycles, sonication, and pulsed electric fields. Input energy for all physical methods were kept constant at 11,880 J to ensure comparability. The obtained extracts were evaluated by photometric and fluorescent spectroscopy. Highest extraction yields were achieved with sonication (53 mg/g dry weight (dw)) and disintegration by spark discharges (4 mg/g dw) while neither freeze-thawing nor pulsed electric field disintegration proved effective. The protein analysis via LC-MS of the former two extracts revealed a comparable composition of phycobiliproteins. Despite the lower total concentration of phycocyanin after application of spark discharges, the purity in the raw extract was higher in comparison to the extract attained by sonication.
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Carullo D, Donsì F, Ferrari G, Pataro G. Extraction improvement of water-soluble compounds from Arthrospira platensis through the combination of high-shear homogenization and pulsed electric fields. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Extraction of Pigments from Microalgae and Cyanobacteria—A Review on Current Methodologies. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11115187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pigments from microalgae and cyanobacteria have attracted great interest for industrial applications due to their bioactive potential and their natural product attributes. These pigments are usually sold as extracts, to overcome purification costs. The extraction of these compounds is based on cell disruption methodologies and chemical solubility of compounds. Different cell disruption methodologies have been used for pigment extraction, such as sonication, homogenization, high-pressure, CO2 supercritical fluid extraction, enzymatic extraction, and some other promising extraction methodologies such as ohmic heating and electric pulse technologies. The biggest constrain on pigment bioprocessing comes from the installation and operation costs; thus, fundamental and applied research are still needed to overcome such constrains and give the microalgae and cyanobacteria industry an opportunity in the world market. In this review, the main extraction methodologies will be discussed, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages for each kind of pigment, type of organism, cost, and final market.
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Niu D, Ren EF, Li J, Zeng XA, Li SL. Effects of pulsed electric field-assisted treatment on the extraction, antioxidant activity and structure of naringin. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Andreou V, Sigala A, Limnaios A, Dimopoulos G, Taoukis P. Effect of pulsed electric field treatment on the kinetics of rehydration, textural properties, and the extraction of intracellular compounds of dried chickpeas. J Food Sci 2021; 86:2539-2552. [PMID: 34009639 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF) pretreatment on rehydration kinetics, firmness, and release of intracellular components of dried chickpeas during rehydration at 35 to 65°C. After soaking preconditioning, chickpeas were subjected to PEF treatments (2.5 and 3.3 kV/cm, 0.2 to 12.0 kJ/kg, 15 µs pulse width, 20 Hz frequency). PEF treated and untreated chickpeas were dried in crossflow air dryer and their rehydration at constant seed/water ratio of 1:5 was studied for 24 hr. During rehydration, moisture, firmness, and concentration of released proteins, carbohydrates and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) were determined and described using appropriate mathematical models. PEF treatment led to up to 70% higher rehydration rates of dried chickpeas. This increase corresponds to rehydration time of approximately 1.5 hr, as opposed to 5 hr for untreated samples. Firmness of PEF treated chickpeas (for energy inputs higher than 3 kJ/kg) during rehydration decreased up to 30% compared to untreated samples. The firmness of untreated samples after 300 min of rehydration was achieved at much shorter times (up to 30 min) for PEF treated samples. At the end of 300 min of rehydration, more than 47.7%, 76.1%, and 86.6% of total raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose, respectively has been extracted, but only 0.03% of nutritionally valuable proteins from PEF treated chickpeas. Consequently, this study demonstrates that PEF processing could be implemented in dried chickpeas processing as pretreatment, for the reduction of rehydration time prior to cooking and of intestinal discomfort caused by RFO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Andreou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry & Technology, National Technical University of Athens, School of Chemical Engineering, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Sigala
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry & Technology, National Technical University of Athens, School of Chemical Engineering, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Limnaios
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry & Technology, National Technical University of Athens, School of Chemical Engineering, Athens, Greece
| | - George Dimopoulos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry & Technology, National Technical University of Athens, School of Chemical Engineering, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Taoukis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry & Technology, National Technical University of Athens, School of Chemical Engineering, Athens, Greece
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Zuorro A, Leal-Jerez AG, Morales-Rivas LK, Mogollón-Londoño SO, Sanchez-Galvis EM, García-Martínez JB, Barajas-Solano AF. Enhancement of Phycobiliprotein Accumulation in Thermotolerant Oscillatoria sp. through Media Optimization. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:10527-10536. [PMID: 34056207 PMCID: PMC8153776 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are a group of brilliant pigment proteins found in cyanobacteria and red algae; their synthesis and accumulation depend on several factors such as the type of strain employed, nutrient concentration, light intensity, light regimes, and others. This study evaluates the effect of macronutrients (citrate buffer, NaNO3, K2HPO4, MgSO4, CaCl2, Na2CO3, and EDTA) and the concentration of trace metals in BG-11 media on the accumulation of PBPs in a thermotolerant strain of Oscillatoria sp. The strain was grown in BG-11 media at 28 °C with a light:dark cycle of 12:12 h at 100 μmol m-2 s-1 for 15 days, and the effect of nutrients was evaluated using a Plackett-Burman Design followed by optimization using a response surface methodology. Results from the concentration of trace metals show that it can be reduced up to half-strength in its initial concentration without affecting both biomass and PBPs. Results from the Plackett-Burman Design revealed that only NaNO3, Na2CO3, and K2HPO4 show a significant increase in PBP production. Optimization employed a central Non-Factorial Response Surface Design with three levels and four factors (34) using NaNO3, Na2CO3, K2HPO4, and trace metals as variables, while the other components of BG-11 media (citrate buffer, MgSO4, CaCl2, and EDTA) were used in half of their initial concentration. Results from the optimization show that interaction between Na2CO3 and K2HPO4 highly increased PBPs' concentration, with values of 15.21, 3.95, and 1.89 (% w/w), respectively. These results demonstrate that identifying and adjusting the concentration of critical nutrients can increase the concentration of PBPs up to two times for phycocyanin and allophycocyanin while four times for phycoerythrin. Finally, the reduction in non-key nutrients' concentration will reduce the production costs of colorants at an industrial scale and increase the sustainability of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Zuorro
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Angela G. Leal-Jerez
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Universidad Francisco
de Paula Santander, Av Gran Colombia No. 12E-96, Cúcuta 540003, Colombia
| | - Leidy K. Morales-Rivas
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Universidad Francisco
de Paula Santander, Av Gran Colombia No. 12E-96, Cúcuta 540003, Colombia
| | - Sandra O. Mogollón-Londoño
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Universidad Francisco
de Paula Santander, Av Gran Colombia No. 12E-96, Cúcuta 540003, Colombia
| | - Edwar M. Sanchez-Galvis
- Grupo
Ambiental de Investigación Aplicada-GAIA, Facultad de Ingeniería,
Universidad de Santander (UDES), Campus Universitario Lagos del Cacique, Cll 70 No 55-210, Bucaramanga 680003, Colombia
| | - Janet B. García-Martínez
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Universidad Francisco
de Paula Santander, Av Gran Colombia No. 12E-96, Cúcuta 540003, Colombia
| | - Andrés F. Barajas-Solano
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Universidad Francisco
de Paula Santander, Av Gran Colombia No. 12E-96, Cúcuta 540003, Colombia
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Khandual S, Sanchez EOL, Andrews HE, de la Rosa JDP. Phycocyanin content and nutritional profile of Arthrospira platensis from Mexico: efficient extraction process and stability evaluation of phycocyanin. BMC Chem 2021; 15:24. [PMID: 33820553 PMCID: PMC8022431 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-021-00746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin is a blue natural food colorant with multiple health benefits. Here we propose an efficient phycocyanin extraction method from Arthrospira platensis from Mexico. Three extraction methods were applied to optimize the extraction process, using water and buffer as solvents, with three pH values at two agitation times. The highest phycocyanin, 54.65 mg/g, was extracted from dry biomass with water as a solvent using an ultrasonication bar. The optimum condition of extraction was determined to be 1:50 biomass/solvent ratio for dry biomass, with the freeze/thaw method for 20 min repeated twice, and then agitated at 120 rpm for 24 h. The phycocyanin content was 48.88 mg/g biomass, with a purity of 0.47. For scalable phycocyanin productivity, the sonication method is recommended as there is no statistical difference. The phycocyanin stability was best at - 20 °C storage temperature at pH 7 for 35 days. Partial purification with ammonium sulfate was found to be suitable as a fractional precipitation method, first at 0-20% and then 20-65%, to get purity nearly 1. Total protein was found to be 55.52%, and total amino acids after phycocyanin extraction was 33%. The maximum phycocyanin yield using water as a solvent was the most interesting result regardless of the method used for extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Khandual
- Centro de Investigación Y Asistencia en Tecnología Y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco. Av. Normalistas 800 Colinas de La Normal, C.P. 4227, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Edgar Omar Lopez Sanchez
- Centro de Investigación Y Asistencia en Tecnología Y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco. Av. Normalistas 800 Colinas de La Normal, C.P. 4227, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Hugo Espinosa Andrews
- Centro de Investigación Y Asistencia en Tecnología Y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco. Av. Normalistas 800 Colinas de La Normal, C.P. 4227, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jose Daniel Padilla de la Rosa
- Centro de Investigación Y Asistencia en Tecnología Y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco. Av. Normalistas 800 Colinas de La Normal, C.P. 4227, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Zhang R, Marchal L, Vorobiev E, Grimi N. Effect of combined pulsed electric energy and high pressure homogenization on selective and energy efficient extraction of bio-molecules from microalga Parachlorella kessleri. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pez Jaeschke D, Rocha Teixeira I, Damasceno Ferreira Marczak L, Domeneghini Mercali G. Phycocyanin from Spirulina: A review of extraction methods and stability. Food Res Int 2021; 143:110314. [PMID: 33992333 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Phycocyanin (C-PC) application by the industry is still limited due to extraction methods drawbacks and to the low stability of these compounds after the extraction process. To overcome such limitations, alternative extraction methodologies have been evaluated, and stabilizing agents have been used under different conditions in the past years. Therefore, the aim of this review was to bring the state of the art of C-PC extraction methods, including main parameters that affect the extraction process and cell disruption mechanisms, as well as the physical and chemical parameters that may influence C-PC stability. Stabilizing agents have been used to avoid C-PC content degradation during storage and food processing. A critical analysis of the extraction methods indicated that pulsed electric field (PEF) is a promising technology for C-PC extraction since the extracts present relative high C-PC concentration and purity. Other methods either result in low purity extracts or are time demanding. Regarding stabilizing agents, natural polymers and sugars are potential compounds to be used in food formulations to avoid color and antioxidant activity losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Pez Jaeschke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 2777, Ramiro Barcelos St., Porto Alegre, RS 90.035-007, Brazil.
| | - Ingrid Rocha Teixeira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 2777, Ramiro Barcelos St., Porto Alegre, RS 90.035-007, Brazil
| | - Ligia Damasceno Ferreira Marczak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 2777, Ramiro Barcelos St., Porto Alegre, RS 90.035-007, Brazil.
| | - Giovana Domeneghini Mercali
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500, Bento Gonçalves Av., Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Nowosad K, Sujka M, Pankiewicz U, Kowalski R. The application of PEF technology in food processing and human nutrition. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:397-411. [PMID: 33564198 PMCID: PMC7847884 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades, many novel techniques of food processing have been developed in response to growing demand for safe and high quality food products. Nowadays, consumers have high expectations regarding the sensory quality, functionality and nutritional value of products. They also attach great importance to the use of environmentally-friendly technologies of food production. The aim of this review is to summarize the applications of PEF in food technology and, potentially, in production of functional food. The examples of process parameters and obtained effects for each application have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nowosad
- Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Sujka
- Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Pankiewicz
- Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Radosław Kowalski
- Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
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41
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Fratelli C, Burck M, Amarante MCA, Braga ARC. Antioxidant potential of nature's “something blue”: Something new in the marriage of biological activity and extraction methods applied to C-phycocyanin. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Carullo D, Pataro G, Donsì F, Ferrari G. Pulsed Electric Fields-Assisted Extraction of Valuable Compounds From Arthrospira Platensis: Effect of Pulse Polarity and Mild Heating. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:551272. [PMID: 33015015 PMCID: PMC7498763 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.551272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the main pulsed electric field (PEF) process parameters on the cell damages of A. platensis microalgae and the extractability of valuable compounds [water-soluble proteins (WSP), C-phycocyanin (C-PC), and carbohydrates (CH)]. Aqueous microalgae suspensions (2%, w/w) were PEF-treated at variable field strength (E = 10, 20, 30 kV/cm), total specific energy (W T = 20, 60, 100 kJ/kgsusp), and inlet temperature (25, 35, 45°C), with either monopolar or bipolar square wave pulses (5 μs of width, delay time between pulses of opposite polarities = 1, 5, 10, 20 μs), prior to extraction with water at room temperature (25°C) for up to 3 h. High-pressure homogenization (HPH) treatment (P = 150 MPa, 3 passes) was used to achieve complete cell disruption to quantify the total extractable content of target intracellular compounds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy analyses clearly showed that PEF merely electroporated the membranes of algae cell, without damaging the cell structure and forming cell debris. The application of PEF treatment (monopolar pulses, 20 kV/cm and 100 kJ/kgsusp) at room temperature significantly enhanced the extraction yield of WSP [17.4% dry weight (DW)], CH (10.1% DW), and C-PC (2.1% DW), in comparison with the untreated samples. Bipolar pulses appeared less effective than monopolar pulses and led to extraction yields dependent on the delay time. Additionally, regardless of pulse polarity, a clear synergistic effect of the combined PEF (20 kV/cm and 100 kJ/kgsusp)-temperature (35°C) treatment was detected, which enabled the extraction of up to 37.4% (w/w) of total WSP, 73.8% of total CH, and 73.7% of total C-PC. Remarkably, the PEF treatment enabled to obtain C-phycocyanin extract with higher purity than that obtained using HPH treatment. The results obtained in this work suggest that the application of PEF combined with mild heating could represent a suitable approach for the efficient recovery of water-soluble compounds microalgal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Carullo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Pataro
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Francesco Donsì
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ferrari
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
- ProdAl Scarl - University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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Tong X, Prasanna G, Zhang N, Jing P. Spectroscopic and molecular docking studies on the interaction of phycocyanobilin with peptide moieties of C-phycocyanin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 236:118316. [PMID: 32344374 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The binding of C-phycocyanin (CPC), a light harvesting pigment with phycocyanobilin (PCB), a chromophore is instrumental for the coloration and bioactivity. In this study, structure-mediated color changes of CPC from Spirulina platensis during various enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated based on UV-visible, circular dichroism, infra-red, fluorescence, mass spectrometry, and molecular docking. CPC was hydrolyzed using 7.09 U/mg protein of each enzyme at their optimal hydrolytic conditions for 3 h as follows: papain (pH 6.6, 60 °C), dispase (pH 6.6, 50 °C), and trypsin (pH 7.8, 37 °C). The degree of hydrolysis was in the order of papain (28.4%) > dispase (20.8%) > trypsin (7.3%). The sequence of color degradation rate and total color difference (ΔE) are dispase (82.9% and 40.37), papain (72.4% and 24.70), and trypsin (58.7% and 25.43). The hydrolyzed peptides were of diverse sequence length ranging from 8 to 9 residues (papain), 7-12 residues (dispase), and 9-63 residues (trypsin). Molecular docking studies showed that key amino acid residues in the peptides interacting with chromophore. Amino acid residues such as Arg86, Asp87, Tyr97, Asp152, Phe164, Ala167, and Val171 are crucial in hydrogen bonding interaction. These results indicate that the color properties of CPC might associate with chromopeptide sequences and their non-covalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Tong
- Shanghai Food Safety and Engineering Technology Research Center, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Govindarajan Prasanna
- Shanghai Food Safety and Engineering Technology Research Center, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Shanghai Food Safety and Engineering Technology Research Center, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pu Jing
- Shanghai Food Safety and Engineering Technology Research Center, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Zhang Z, Li Y, Abbaspourrad A. Improvement of the colloidal stability of phycocyanin in acidified conditions using whey protein-phycocyanin interactions. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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45
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Prado JM, Veggi PC, Náthia-Neves G, Meireles MAA. Extraction Methods for Obtaining Natural Blue Colorants. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666181115125740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Blue is a color not often present in food. Even so, it is especially attractive
to children. Today, most blue coloring agents used by the food industry are synthetic. With increasing
health issues concern by the scientific community and the general population, there is a trend to look
for natural alternatives to most synthetic products. There only exist few natural blue colorants, which
are presented in a literature survey, along with the methods currently used for their recovery from
natural sources. The best extraction methods and process parameters for the extraction of blue anthocyanins,
iridoids and phycocyanin are discussed.
Methods:
A literature survey was conducted to detect the main sources of blue colorants found in nature.
The focus was on the extraction methods used to recover such molecules, with the objective of
finding efficient and environmentally safe techniques for application at industrial level, and, thus, allowing
the production of natural blue colorants at scale high enough for food industry consumption.
Results:
The main natural blue colorants found in literature are anthocyanins, phycocyanin, and genipin.
While anthocyanins can be recovered from a variety of plants, the source of phycocyanin are
algae, and genipin can be obtained specifically from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and Genipa americana
L. Several extraction techniques have been applied to recover blue colorants from such sources,
from classical methods using organic solvents, to more sophisticated technologies as ultrasoundassisted
extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, high-pressure extraction,
and enzyme-assisted extraction.
Conclusion:
There is great potential for anthocyanins, phycocyanin and genipin use as natural food
additives with health benefits, besides imparting color. However, the technologies for the colorants
recovery and application are not mature enough. Therefore, this area is still developing, and it is necessary
to evaluate the economic feasibility of the proposed extraction processes, along with the safety
and acceptance of colored food using these additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M. Prado
- Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences Center (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001, 09210-580, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscilla C. Veggi
- Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), School of Chemical Engineering, 210 Sao Nicolau Street, 09913-030, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Grazielle Náthia-Neves
- LASEFI/DEA/FEA (College of Food Engineering)/ UNICAMP (University of Campinas), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80; 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M. Angela A. Meireles
- LASEFI/DEA/FEA (College of Food Engineering)/ UNICAMP (University of Campinas), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80; 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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One structure, multiple features: The phycocyanin in biotechnology. NUTRITION & SANTÉ 2020. [DOI: 10.30952/9.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanine (PC) is a water-soluble, non-toxic and bioactive (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, etc.) phycobiliprotein isolated, mainly, from cyanobacteria. Due to its several properties, PC is considered to be a rising biomolecule for Industrial exploitation, and has become an important research axis in order to promote its production, and optimize its biotechnological applications. The aim of this review article was to discuss the basic, and recent properties and applications of PC, and to bring together data on various aspects of PC stabilization, and PC nanopar-ticles formulation. In addition, an overview of the main structural characteristics and process-ses of PC extraction and purification were also discussed. The recent scientific research findings concluded that PC is a promising both functional, and bioactive additive in industry, especially, in food as a dye, in imaging as a fluorescent labeling agent, and in the phar-maceutical and nano-pharmaceutical field as a bioactive molecule and nanopar-ticles, particularly, due to it antitumor capacity. Phycocyanine is, thus, a promising bio-active molecules in pharmacological, and medical fields.
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Sustainable extraction of valuable components from Spirulina assisted by pulsed electric fields technology. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Ferreira-Santos P, Nunes R, De Biasio F, Spigno G, Gorgoglione D, Teixeira JA, Rocha CM. Influence of thermal and electrical effects of ohmic heating on C-phycocyanin properties and biocompounds recovery from Spirulina platensis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Akaberi S, Krust D, Müller G, Frey W, Gusbeth C. Impact of incubation conditions on protein and C-Phycocyanin recovery from Arthrospira platensis post- pulsed electric field treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123099. [PMID: 32163865 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed electric field (PEF) was conducted for the extraction of proteins/C-Phycocyanins from Arthrospira platensis. The cyanobacterial suspension was treated with 1 µs long pulses at an electric field strength of 40 kV·cm-1 and a treatment energy of 114 kJ·kgsus-1 and 56 kJ·kgsus-1. For benchmarking, additional biomass was processed by high pressure homogenization. Homogeneity of the suspension prior to PEF-treatment influenced the protein/C-phycocyanin extraction efficiency. Stability of C-Phycocyanin during post-PEF incubation time was affected by incubation temperature and pH of the external medium. Biomass concentration severely affect proteins/C-Phycocyanins extraction yield via PEF-treatment. The optimum conditions for extraction of proteins/C-Phycocyanin was obtained at 23 °C while incubating in pH 8-buffer. The energy demand for PEF-treatment amounts to 0.56 MJ·kgdw-1 when processing biomass at 100 gdw·kgsus-1. PEF treatment enhances the protein/C-Phycocyanin extraction yield, thus, it can be suggested as preferential downstream processing method for the production of C-Phycocyanin from A. platensis biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Akaberi
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Damaris Krust
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Georg Müller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christian Gusbeth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Kumar M, Sun Y, Rathour R, Pandey A, Thakur IS, Tsang DCW. Algae as potential feedstock for the production of biofuels and value-added products: Opportunities and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137116. [PMID: 32059310 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current review explores the potential application of algal biomass for the production of biofuels and bio-based products. The variety of processes and pathways through which bio-valorization of algal biomass can be performed are described in this review. Various lipid extraction techniques from algal biomass along with transesterification reactions for biodiesel production are briefly discussed. Processes such as the pretreatment and saccharification of algal biomass, fermentation, gasification, pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, and anaerobic digestion for the production of biohydrogen, bio-oils, biomethane, biochar (BC), and various bio-based products are reviewed in detail. The biorefinery model and its collaborative approach with various processes are highlighted for the production of eco-friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective biofuels and value-added products. The authors also discuss opportunities and challenges related to bio-valorization of algal biomass and use their own perspective regarding the processes involved in production and the feasibility to make algal research a reality for the production of biofuels and bio-based products in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rashmi Rathour
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, 31 MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Indu Shekhar Thakur
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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