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Gao Y, Ping H, He Z, Liu J, Zhao M, Ma Z. Characterization of the active components and bioaccessibility of phenolics in differently colored foxtail millets. Food Chem 2024; 452:139355. [PMID: 38733679 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Differently colored foxtail millet (Setaria italica) cultivars were compared regarding their amylose, B-complex vitamin, vitamin E, and phenolic compositions, as well as the bioaccessibility of their phenolics in simulated in vitro digestion. Dark-colored foxtail millets contained more thiamine, pyridoxine, and tocopherols, but less riboflavin, than light-colored ones. Phenolics were more abundant in dark-colored cultivars. Insoluble bound fractions accounted for 75%-83% of the total phenolics, with ferulic acid detected as the most plentiful compound. The major bioaccessible phenolic was free ferulic acid, with 100%-120% bioaccessibility, depending on cultivar, followed by p-coumaric acid and isoferulic acid (50%-80%). These relatively high bioaccessibilities were likely due to the release of soluble conjugated or insoluble bound phenolics during digestion. However, the contents of other free phenolics were largely decreased following in vitro digestion, resulting in low bioaccessibility, which also means that the release from the conjugated and bound fractions was poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hua Ping
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zhaoying He
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zhihong Ma
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China.
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Jin W, Cai W, Zhao S, Gao R, Jiang P. Uncovering the differences in flavor volatiles of different colored foxtail millets based on gas chromatography-ion migration spectrometry and chemometrics. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100585. [PMID: 37744553 PMCID: PMC10514424 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The differences of volatile organic compounds in commercially available foxtail millets with different colors (black, green, white and yellow) were assayed through gas chromatography-ion migration spectrometry (GC-IMS) to explore their volatile flavor characteristics. Fifty-five volatile components were found in various colored foxtail millets, including 25 kinds of aldehydes (accounting for 39.19-48.69%), 10 ketones (25.36-32.37%), 15 alcohols (20.19-24.11%), 2 ethers (2.29-2.45%), 2 furans (1.49-2.95%) and 1 ester (0.27-0.39%). Aldehydes, alcohols and ketones were the chief volatiles in different colored foxtail millet, followed by furans, esters and ethers. These identified volatile flavor components in various colored foxtail millets obtained by GC-IMS could be well distinguished by principal components and cluster analysis. Meanwhile, a stable prediction model was fitted via partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), in which 17 kinds of differentially volatile components were screened out based on variable importance in projection (VIP>1). These findings might provide certain information for understanding the flavor traits of colored foxtail millets in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Jin
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment (Incubation), School of Bioscience and Technology, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Bio-Resource in Qinba Mountain Area, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723001, China
| | - Wenqiang Cai
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China
| | - Shibo Zhao
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment (Incubation), School of Bioscience and Technology, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Bio-Resource in Qinba Mountain Area, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723001, China
| | - Ruichang Gao
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment (Incubation), School of Bioscience and Technology, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723001, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China
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Liang S, Jiang Y, Zhang M. Integrative analysis of the effects of organic and conventional farming methods on peanut based on transcriptome and metabolomics. Food Res Int 2023; 171:113065. [PMID: 37330858 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the nutritional quality of peanut under different farming methods, we selected two cultivars, "jihua13" and "jihua4", to grow in organic and conventional environments, respectively. After harvest, we measured physiological parameters and differential metabolites. Metabolomics showed that most of the amino acids, carbohydrates, and secondary metabolites in organically grown jihua4 were downregulated, which was completely the opposite in jihua13. Fatty acids associated with heart disease and hypertension are reduced in organically grown peanuts. In particular, the highly statistically significant tryptophan betaine seems to be used as a reference to distinguish between organic and conventional cultivation. Mechanisms leading to differences in crop chemical composition are explained by transcriptome analysis. The results of the transcriptome analysis indicated that organic cultivation largely affects the synthesis of amino acids and carbohydrates in jihua13. Combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolomics found that variety jihua13 is more sensitive to farming methods and produces more unsaturated fatty acids than jihua4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yangjie Jiang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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Zhang L, Ma K, Zhao X, Li Z, Zhang X, Li W, Meng R, Lu B, Yuan X. Development of a Comprehensive Quality Evaluation System for Foxtail Millet from Different Ecological Regions. Foods 2023; 12:2545. [PMID: 37444285 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is a critical grain with high nutritional value and the potential for increased production in arid and semiarid regions. The foxtail millet value chain can be upgraded only by ensuring its comprehensive quality. Thus, samples were collected from different production areas in Shanxi province, China, and compared in terms of quality traits. We established a quality evaluation system utilizing multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that the appearance, nutritional content, and culinary value of foxtail millet produced in different ecological regions varied substantially. Different values of amino acids (DVAACs), alkali digestion values (ADVs), and total flavone content (TFC) had the highest coefficients of variation (CVs) of 50.30%, 39.75%, and 35.39%, respectively. Based on this, a comprehensive quality evaluation system for foxtail millet was established, and the quality of foxtail millet produced in the five production areas was ranked in order from highest to lowest: Dingxiang > Zezhou > Qinxian > Xingxian > Yuci. In conclusion, the ecological conditions of Xinding Basin are favorable for ensuring the comprehensive quality of foxtail millet. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguang Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
| | - Ke Ma
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
- College of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Xiatong Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
| | - Zhong Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
| | - Weidong Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
| | - Ru Meng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
| | - Boyu Lu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
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Çakmakçı S, Çakmakçı R. Quality and Nutritional Parameters of Food in Agri-Food Production Systems. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020351. [PMID: 36673443 PMCID: PMC9857782 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic farming is a production system that avoids or largely excludes the use of synthetic agricultural inputs such as pesticides, growth regulators, highly soluble mineral fertilisers, supplements, preservatives, flavouring, aromatic substances and genetically modified organisms, and their products. This system aims to maintain and increase soil fertility and quality, and relies on systems such as crop rotation, polyculture, intercropping, ecosystem management, covering crops, legumes, organic and bio-fertilisers, mechanical cultivation and biological control methods. The present review summarises and evaluates research comparing the quality of traditionally, organically and conventionally produced foods. In some cases, although the results of the studies contradict each other, organically grown in vegetables, especially berries and fruits are slightly higher dry matter, minerals such as P, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn, vitamin C, sugars, carotenoids, antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid compounds. In addition, their sensory properties are more pleasant. The nutritional content, quality and safety of organic foods are acceptable if the recent trends are reviewed, tested and verified. Therefore, the aim of this review is to compile, describe and update scientific evidence and data on the quality, safety, bioactive compounds and nutritional and phytochemical quality of foods in traditional and organic fruit, vegetable and cereal production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songül Çakmakçı
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-442-2312491
| | - Ramazan Çakmakçı
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Turkey
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Lydia Pramitha J, Ganesan J, Francis N, Rajasekharan R, Thinakaran J. Revitalization of small millets for nutritional and food security by advanced genetics and genomics approaches. Front Genet 2023; 13:1007552. [PMID: 36699471 PMCID: PMC9870178 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1007552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Small millets, also known as nutri-cereals, are smart foods that are expected to dominate food industries and diets to achieve nutritional security. Nutri-cereals are climate resilient and nutritious. Small millet-based foods are becoming popular in markets and are preferred for patients with celiac and diabetes. These crops once ruled as food and fodder but were pushed out of mainstream cultivation with shifts in dietary habits to staple crops during the green revolution. Nevertheless, small millets are rich in micronutrients and essential amino acids for regulatory activities. Hence, international and national organizations have recently aimed to restore these lost crops for their desirable traits. The major goal in reviving these crops is to boost the immune system of the upcoming generations to tackle emerging pandemics and disease infestations in crops. Earlier periods of civilization consumed these crops, which had a greater significance in ethnobotanical values. Along with nutrition, these crops also possess therapeutic traits and have shown vast medicinal use in tribal communities for the treatment of diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and gastrointestinal issues. This review highlights the significance of small millets, their values in cultural heritage, and their prospects. Furthermore, this review dissects the nutritional and therapeutic traits of small millets for developing sustainable diets in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Lydia Pramitha
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India,*Correspondence: J. Lydia Pramitha,
| | - Jeeva Ganesan
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Neethu Francis
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
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Ma K, Zhao L, Zhao X, Li X, Dong S, Zhang L, Guo P, Yuan X, Diao X. The relationship between ecological factors and commercial quality of high-quality foxtail millet "Jingu 21". Food Res Int 2023; 163:112225. [PMID: 36596154 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The commercial quality of foxtail millet grain (Setaria italica L.) includes appearance quality, functional quality, and cooking and eating quality, which directly determine whether consumers will purchase the product. We studied the relationship between ecological factors and commercial quality attributes of foxtail millet "Jingu 21" from twelve production areas. The results showed that altitude, latitude, and diurnal temperature range were negatively correlated with b*, total flavones content (TFC), setback (SB), consistence (CS) and pasting temperature (PTM), but positively correlated with L/B and breakdown (BD). In contrast, average temperature, average precipitation, average humidity, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium had positive effects on 1,000-grain weight (KGW), b*, TFC, CS, and PTM and had a negative impact on L/B and BD. Climate factors had a greater effect on the commercial quality of foxtail millet than soil factors, and the influence of climatic factors was particularly obvious in the early and middle growth periods. The multivariate equation between ecological factors and the comprehensive score of foxtail millet commercial quality is Y = 1,159.745-4.496X1 (altitude) + 19.529X5 (≥10℃ effective accumulated temperature) - 166.327X10 (organic matters). In conclusion, high temperature and precipitation are conducive to high quality appearance and the accumulation of functional substances, while a high diurnal temperature range and high soil nutrients are conducive to the formation of cooking and eating quality. The impact of ecological factors on foxtail millet quality is complicated and it is essential to select a cultivation site that is matched to the intended use of the foxtail millet being produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Lirong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xiatong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xiaorui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Shuqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Liguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Pingyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Mihailova A, Kelly SD, Chevallier OP, Elliott CT, Maestroni BM, Cannavan A. High-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics for the discrimination between organic and conventional crops: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Tienaho J, Karonen M, Muilu-Mäkelä R, Wähälä K, Leon Denegri E, Franzén R, Karp M, Santala V, Sarjala T. Metabolic Profiling of Water-Soluble Compounds from the Extracts of Dark Septate Endophytic Fungi (DSE) Isolated from Scots Pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) Seedlings Using UPLC-Orbitrap-MS. Molecules 2019; 24:E2330. [PMID: 31242564 PMCID: PMC6630819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes are microorganisms living inside plant hosts and are known to be beneficial for the host plant vitality. In this study, we isolated three endophytic fungus species from the roots of Scots pine seedlings growing on Finnish drained peatland setting. The isolated fungi belonged to dark septate endophytes (DSE). The metabolic profiles of the hot water extracts of the fungi were investigated using Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection and Electron Spray Ionization source Mass Spectrometry with Orbitrap analyzer (UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS-Orbitrap). Out of 318 metabolites, we were able to identify 220, of which a majority was amino acids and peptides. Additionally, opine amino acids, amino acid quinones, Amadori compounds, cholines, nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides, siderophores, sugars, sugar alcohols and disaccharides were found, as well as other previously reported metabolites from plants or endophytes. Some differences of the metabolic profiles, regarding the amount and identity of the found metabolites, were observed even though the fungi were isolated from the same host. Many of the discovered metabolites have been described possessing biological activities and properties, which may make a favorable contribution to the host plant nutrient availability or abiotic and biotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Tienaho
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland.
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | | | - Kristiina Wähälä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Robert Franzén
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Matti Karp
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Ville Santala
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Tytti Sarjala
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland.
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