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Zhang F, Fu Y, Liu Z, Shen Q. Comparison of the characteristics of prolamins among foxtail millet varieties with different palatability: Structural, morphological, and physicochemical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:194-205. [PMID: 34246670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there are considerable interests in the influence of prolamins on eating quality of grains. To inquire the potential effect of prolamins on the palatability of foxtail millet, prolamin characteristics under its raw (PR) and post-cooked (PC) state among three typical varieties with high (Zhonggu, ZG), medium (Zhaonong, ZN), and low (Hongmiao, HM) palatability were compared. The distinctive differences in amino acid composition, molecular structure, physicochemical properties were found in PRs and PCs, especially for HM variety. HM-PR recorded the lowest hydrophobic amino acids and surface hydrophobicity while having the superior hydration properties. The lowest denaturation temperature was found in HM-PR, which also had the highest denaturation enthalpy (ΔH). Nevertheless, HM-PR exhibited irregularly spherical protein body with the largest mean diameter. Evidenced by the highest random coil and lower α-helix and β-sheet content, a less stable secondary structure of HM-PR was found, corresponding to the most intensified disulfide cross-linking and protein aggregations in HM upon cooking. Overall, HM-PR was presumed to greatly affect the hydro-thermal utilization efficiency of starch granules during cooking, given the steric-hindrance effect of prolamins on granules in endosperm. The Present study provided new insights into the role of prolamins on foxtail millet palatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongxia Fu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qun Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
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Mendes Bezerra AC, da Cunha Valença D, da Gama Junqueira NE, Moll Hüther C, Borella J, Ferreira de Pinho C, Alves Ferreira M, Oliveira Medici L, Ortiz-Silva B, Reinert F. Potassium supply promotes the mitigation of NaCl-induced effects on leaf photochemistry, metabolism and morphology of Setaria viridis. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 160:193-210. [PMID: 33513466 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity has the potential to severely affect crop performance. To maintain cell functioning and improve salt tolerance, the maintenance of K+ homeostasis is crucial in several plant metabolism processes. Besides, potassium fertilization can efficiently alleviate the perilous effects of salinity. We characterized impacts in Setaria viridis exposed to NaCl and KCl to underlying photochemistry mechanisms, K+ and Na+ shoot contents, enzymatic activity, electrolytic leakage, and morphological responses focusing on non-stomatal limitation of photosynthesis. Plants were exposed to sodium chloride (NaCl; 0, 150 and 250 mM) and potassium chloride (KCl; 0, 5, 9 mM). The exposure to NaCl affected S. viridis leaves morphological and physiologically. Plants submitted to 150 mM showed reductions in performance indexes (PIabs and PItotal; JIP-test), and the presence of positive K- and L-bands. Plants exposed to 250 mM exhibited blockage in electron flow further than QA within 48h and permanent photoinhibition at 96 h. The presence of 9 and 5 mM of KCl counteracted the effects of NaCl on plants submitted to 150 mM, concomitant with increases in K+ accumulation and cell turgidity conservation, causing positive effects in plant growth and metabolism. Neither KCl concentrations were effective in reducing NaCl-induced effects on plants exposed to 250 mM of NaCl. Our results support the conclusion that greater availability of K+ alleviates the harmful effects of salinity in S. viridis under moderate stress and that application of KCl as means of lightning saline stress has a concentration and a salt level limit that must be experimentally determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Mendes Bezerra
- Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro/IB -Dept. of Botany, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Ilha Do Fundão -21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - David da Cunha Valença
- Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro/IB -Dept. of Botany, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Ilha Do Fundão -21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Nicia Eloísa da Gama Junqueira
- Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro/IB -Dept. of Botany, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Ilha Do Fundão -21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Cristina Moll Hüther
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - Dept. of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, R. Passo da Pátria 156, São Domingos - 24210-240 - Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Junior Borella
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - Institute of Biological Sciences, Av. Itália, Km 8, Bairro Carreiros - 96203-900 - Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Camila Ferreira de Pinho
- Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro - Dept. of Plant Sciences, Rod. BR 465, Km 7 - 23897-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marcio Alves Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro/IB - Dept. of Genetics, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Ilha Do Fundão - 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Medici
- Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro - Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Rod. BR 465, Km 7 - 23897-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Ortiz-Silva
- Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro- NUMPEX-Bio, Estrada de Xerém, 27- Duque de Caxias - 25245-390, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Reinert
- Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro/IB -Dept. of Botany, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Ilha Do Fundão -21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Fu Y, Yin R, Guo E, Cheng R, Diao X, Xue Y, Shen Q. Protein Isolates from Raw and Cooked Foxtail Millet Attenuate Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000365. [PMID: 33480470 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Millet protein has received much attention due to its beneficial role in alleviating metabolic disease symptoms. This study aims to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of foxtail millet protein isolates, including protein isolates from raw and cooked foxtail millet in alleviating diabetes, including gut microbiota and intracellular signal pathways. METHODS AND RESULTS Protein isolates from raw and cooked foxtail millet are orally administered to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice for 5 weeks before hypoglycemic effect evaluation. The results show that foxtail millet protein isolates improve glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in diabetic mice. However, only the protein isolate from cooked foxtail millet reverse the weight loss trend and alleviate lipid disorders in diabetic mice. Besides, 16S rRNA sequencing show that both raw and cooked foxtail millet protein isolates altered diabetes-induced gut dysbiosis. In addition, western blotting analysis indicated that the protein isolate from cooked foxtail millet increases the expression levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and phosphoinositide-protein kinase B (p-AKT)/AKT while the protein isolate from raw foxtail millet downregulates stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) level. CONCLUSION Both raw and cooked foxtail millet protein isolates can exert hypoglycemic effects in diabetic mice through rewiring glucose homeostasis, mitigating diabetes-induced gut dysbiosis, and affecting the GLP-1R/PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Fu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruiyang Yin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Erhu Guo
- Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Research Institute of Millet, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Ruhong Cheng
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Research Institute of Millet, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Crop Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yong Xue
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qun Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Sachdev N, Goomer S, Singh LR. Foxtail millet: a potential crop to meet future demand scenario for alternative sustainable protein. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:831-842. [PMID: 32767555 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), an annual grass plant, produces seeds that possess health-promoting properties owing to its unique protein composition containing a high content of essential amino acids. The mature foxtail seeds mainly consist of proline-rich, alcohol-soluble proteins (prolamin) called setarins, comprising about 60% of the total protein, with less content of disulfide cross-linked proteins than with other cereal and millets. Protein fractionation schemes are an important tool and provide preliminary information on the nature of foxtail proteins for their applications in the field of agriculture, food pharma, and bio-based materials. Variation in the methods of preparation can influence the composition, structure, and nutritional quality of the protein concentrate. Moreover, foxtail protein or its hydrolysate has shown several bioactive effects that can be explored further for the management of chronic diseases in humans. Additionally, owing to its low cost and excellent functional properties of flour and protein concentrate, foxtail millet can be considered as good candidate for replacing animal protein foods. Furthermore, there is huge potential for successfully developing low-cost, protein-rich functional food products helpful in the prevention and management of lifestyle-related chronic diseases. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Sachdev
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sangeeta Goomer
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Laishram R Singh
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Fu Y, Yin R, Liu Z, Niu Y, Guo E, Cheng R, Diao X, Xue Y, Shen Q. Hypoglycemic Effect of Prolamin from Cooked Foxtail Millet ( Setaria italic) on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3452. [PMID: 33187155 PMCID: PMC7696583 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Millet proteins have been demonstrated to possess glucose-lowering and lipid metabolic disorder modulation functions against diabetes; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying their anti-diabetic effects remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of prolamin from cooked foxtail millet (PCFM) on type 2 diabetic mice, and explore the gut microbiota and serum metabolic profile changes that are associated with diabetes attenuation by PCFM. Our diabetes model was established using a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin before PCFM or saline was daily administrated by gavage for 5 weeks. The results showed that PCFM ameliorated glucose metabolism disorders associated with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the effects of PCFM administration on gut microbiota and serum metabolome were investigated. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that PCFM alleviated diabetes-related gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice. Additionally, the serum metabolomics analysis revealed that the metabolite levels disturbed by diabetes were partly altered by PCFM. Notably, the decreased D-Glucose level caused by PCFM suggested that its anti-diabetic potential can be associated with the activation of glycolysis and the inhibition of gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism and galactose metabolism. In addition, the increased serotonin level caused by PCFM may stimulate insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells, which contributed to its hypoglycemic effect. Taken together, our research demonstrated that the modulation of gut microbiota composition and the serum metabolomics profile was associated with the anti-diabetic effect of PCFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.F.); (R.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Ruiyang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.F.); (R.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.F.); (R.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yan Niu
- Shan Xi Dongfang Wuhua Agricultural Technology Co. Ltd., Datong 037000, China;
| | - Erhu Guo
- Research Institute of Millet, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China;
| | - Ruhong Cheng
- Research Institute of Millet, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China;
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Yong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.F.); (R.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Qun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.F.); (R.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.)
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Shan S, Lu Y, Zhang X, Shi J, Li H, Li Z. Inhibitory effect of bound polyphenol from foxtail millet bran on miR-149 methylation increases the chemosensitivity of human colorectal cancer HCT-8/Fu cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:513-523. [PMID: 33011952 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03906-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nature polyphenols widely present in plants and foods are promising candidates in cancer chemotherapy. Emerging evidence has shown that plant polyphenols regulate the expression of miRNAs to exert the anti-Multidrug resistance (MDR) activity, which partly attributes to their regulation on miRNAs methylation. Our previous study found that bound polyphenol from foxtail millet bran (BPIS) had potential as an anti-MDR agent for colorectal cancer (CRC), but its mechanism remains unclear. The present findings demonstrated that BPIS upregulated the expression of miR-149 by reducing the methylation of its CpG islands, which subsequently induced the cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, resulting in enhancing the chemo-sensitivity of HCT-8/Fu cells. Mechanically, BPIS and its active components (FA and p-CA) reduced miR-149 methylation by inhibiting the expression levels of DNA methyltransferases, promoting a remarkable increase of miR-149 expression. Further, the increased miR-149 induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase by inhibiting the expression of Akt, Cyclin B1 and CDK1, thus increasing the chemosensitivity of HCT-8/Fu cells. Additionally, a strong inducer of DNA de-methylation (5-aza-dc) treatment markedly increased the chemosensitivity of CRC through elevating miR-149 expression, which indicates the hypermethylation of miR-149 may be the key cause of drug resistance in CRC. The study indicates that the enhanced chemosensitivity of BPIS on CRC is mainly attributed to the increase of miR-149 expression induced by methylation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Shan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiangying Shi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hanqing Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
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Hu S, Yuan J, Gao J, Wu Y, Meng X, Tong P, Chen H. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Peptides Derived from In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of Germinated and Heat-Treated Foxtail Millet ( Setaria italica) Proteins. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:9415-9426. [PMID: 32786864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at identifying antioxidant and anti-inflammatory peptides derived from the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of germinated and heated (microwave and boiling) foxtail millet. The protein digest fraction containing low-molecular-weight peptides (<3 kDa) and the most hydrophobic subfraction (F4) abundant in random coil structure were responsible for the bioactivity. Then, seven novel peptides were identified using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) from the most potent F4 subfraction derived from boiled germinated millet. All seven synthesized peptides significantly (p < 0.05) reduced reactive oxygen species production and increased glutathione content and superoxide dismutase activity in Caco-2 cells, whereas two peptides (EDDQMDPMAK and QNWDFCEAWEPCF) were superior in inhibiting nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α (reduced to 42.29 and 44.07%, respectively), and interleukin-6 (reduced to 56.59 and 43.45%, respectively) production in a RAW 264.7 cell model. This study is the first to report about the potential role of germinated and heated foxtail millet as a source of dual antioxidant and anti-inflammatory peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juanli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinyan Gao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuanyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
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Shan S, Wu C, Shi J, Zhang X, Niu J, Li H, Li Z. Inhibitory Effects of Peroxidase from Foxtail Millet Bran on Colitis-Associated Colorectal Carcinogenesis by the Blockage of Glycerophospholipid Metabolism. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:8295-8307. [PMID: 32657580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal glycerophospholipid (GPL) metabolism represented by phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) has been as a universal metabolic hallmark of cancer, which is involved in tumor progression. Our previous finding showed that peroxidase from foxtail millet bran (FMBP) exhibited significant anticolorectal cancer (CRC) activity in vitro and in nude mice. Presently, the potential of FMBP in clinical application was further evaluated by an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis-associated carcinogenesis (CAC) mice model, revealed the pivotal role of GPL metabolism in anti-CRC effects of FMBP. Excitedly, FMBP significantly reduced the number and volume of CAC polyps of mice and effectively improved physiological indexes of CAC mice. Meanwhile, the elevated expressions of CRC early markers (cyclooxygenase 2, tumor-proliferating nuclear antigen Ki-67, and EGF module-containing mucin-like receptor 1) in CAC mice were efficiently prevented by FMBP treatment. Metabolomics analysis showed that the elevated abundances of PC and PE involved in GPL metabolism in CAC mice were markedly decreased in FMBP-treated groups, which was also verified in human CRC cells. Further, FMBP reduced the expression levels of PE and PC key metabolic enzymes, resulting in the blockage of GPL metabolism and insufficient adenosine triphosphate to maintain CRC growth. Collectively, FMBP has the potential as a preventive and therapeutic candidate for CRC through the blockage of GPL metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Shan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Caihong Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jiangying Shi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jinping Niu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hanqing Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Lightfoot E, Ustunkaya MC, Przelomska N, O'Connell TC, Hunt HV, Jones MK, Petrie CA. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic variability in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) with watering regime. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020; 34:e8615. [PMID: 31658389 PMCID: PMC7050514 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Carbonised plant remains are analysed for reconstruction of past climates and agricultural regimes. Several recent studies have used C4 plants to address related questions, and correlations between modern C4 plant δ13 C values and rainfall have been found. The millets were important food crops in prehistoric Eurasia, yet little is known about causes of isotopic variation within millet species. Previous research has shown there to be significant isotopic variation between millet accessions. Here we compare isotope ratios from plants grown under different watering regimes. This allows for a consideration of whether or not Setaria italica is a good proxy for environmental reconstruction. METHODS We compare stable isotope ratios of Setaria italica plants grown in a controlled environment chamber with different watering regimes. We compare the carbon isotope ratios of leaves and grains, and the nitrogen isotope ratios of grains, from 12 accessions of Setaria italica. RESULTS We find significant isotopic variability between watering regimes. Carbon isotope ratios are positively correlated with water availability, and on average vary by 1.9‰ and 1.7‰ for leaves and grains, respectively. Grain nitrogen isotope ratios also vary with watering regime; however, the highest isotope ratios are found with the 130-mL watering regime. CONCLUSIONS The carbon isotope ratios of Setaria italica are strongly correlated with water availability. However, the correlation is the opposite to that seen in studies of C3 plants. The difference in isotopic ratio due to watering regime is comparable with that seen between different accessions; thus distinguishing between changing varieties of Setaria italica and changing climate is problematic. In terms of grain nitrogen isotope ratios, the highest δ15 N values were not associated with the lowest watering regime. Again, δ15 N variation is comparable with that which would be expected from an aridity effect or a manuring effect, and thus distinguishing between these factors is probably problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Lightfoot
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological ResearchUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3ERUK
| | - M. Cemre Ustunkaya
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological ResearchUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3ERUK
| | - Natalia Przelomska
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDC20560USA
- Center for Conservation GenomicsSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational ZooWashingtonDC20008USA
| | - Tamsin C. O'Connell
- Department of ArchaeologyUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3DZUK
| | - Harriet V. Hunt
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological ResearchUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3ERUK
| | - Martin K. Jones
- Department of ArchaeologyUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3DZUK
| | - Cameron A. Petrie
- Department of ArchaeologyUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3DZUK
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Li P, Zhu Y, Li S, Zhang A, Zhao W, Zhang J, Chen Q, Ren S, Liu J, Wang H. Variation Patterns of the Volatiles during Germination of the Foxtail Millet ( Setaria Italic): The Relationship between the Volatiles and Fatty Acids in Model Experiments. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051238. [PMID: 32182963 PMCID: PMC7179401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional and nutritional compounds are increased during foxtail millet germination while bad smell is produced due to the fatty acid oxidation. To eliminate the unpleasant aroma, the origins of the volatiles must be known. A comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry showed forty-nine volatiles containing 8 ketones, 10 aldehydes, 20 alkanes, 4 alcohols, 5 alkenes, and 2 furans were tentatively identified, and they increased during the germination of the foxtail millet. To identify the origin of some volatiles, model experiments by adding 6 fatty acids to the crude enzymes of the foxtail millet was designed, and 17 volatiles could be detected. The saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid and stearic acid) had no contributions to the formation of the volatiles, whereas the unsaturated fatty acid played important roles in the formation of volatiles. Among the unsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid and linoleic acid produced most aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones, while linolenic acid produced the most alkanes and alkenes. This study will be helpful for controlling the smell of germinated seeds from the raw material selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- PengLiang Li
- Institute of millet crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang 050035, China; (P.L.); (S.L.); (A.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.R.)
| | - Yin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou 310008, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.C.)
| | - ShaoHui Li
- Institute of millet crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang 050035, China; (P.L.); (S.L.); (A.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.R.)
| | - AiXia Zhang
- Institute of millet crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang 050035, China; (P.L.); (S.L.); (A.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.R.)
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of millet crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang 050035, China; (P.L.); (S.L.); (A.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.R.)
| | - JiaLi Zhang
- Institute of millet crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang 050035, China; (P.L.); (S.L.); (A.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.R.)
| | - QinCao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou 310008, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.C.)
| | - SuFen Ren
- Institute of millet crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang 050035, China; (P.L.); (S.L.); (A.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.R.)
| | - JingKe Liu
- Institute of millet crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang 050035, China; (P.L.); (S.L.); (A.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-311-87670703 (J.L. & H.W.)
| | - HuiJun Wang
- Institute of millet crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang 050035, China; (P.L.); (S.L.); (A.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-311-87670703 (J.L. & H.W.)
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Liu F, Shan S, Li H, Li Z. Treatment of Peroxidase Derived from Foxtail Millet Bran Attenuates Atherosclerosis by Inhibition of CD36 and STAT3 in Vitro and in Vivo. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:1276-1285. [PMID: 31965794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the main causes of cardiovascular diseases. Our previous study indicated that a type of peroxidase derived from foxtail millet bran (FMBP) had prominent antitumor activities. In the present study, we found that FMBP had potential antiatherosclerosis effects. The results showed that FMBP treatment strongly suppressed lipid phagocytosis in both HASMCs and THP-1 cells by 52% and 49%, respectively. Further, FMBP significantly inhibited HASMCs migration by promoting transformation of HASMCs from synthetic to contractile, leading to the decrease of lipid phagocytosis. Simultaneously, FMBP repressed lipid uptake by reducing the expression of CD36 in THP-1 cells. In addition, FMBP reduced the secretion of inflammatory factor IL-1β by inhibiting the expression of STAT3 in THP-1 cells. Interestingly, FMBP also had the same effects in models of atherosclerosis constructed with ApoE-/- mice, including decreased aortic lesion area, repressed aortic sinus CD36 and STAT3 expression, and elevated serum HDL-C concentration. Collectively, these results indicate that FMBP has great potential in preventing the development of atherosclerosis.
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Dong JL, Wang L, Lü J, Zhu YY, Shen RL. Structural, antioxidant and adsorption properties of dietary fiber from foxtail millet (Setaria italica) bran. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:3886-3894. [PMID: 30684279 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) bran is a by-product of millet processing, rich in dietary fiber (DF) and has great application value. A comparative study was conducted to explore the differences in structural and functional properties among millet bran DF, soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). RESULTS There was a significant difference in the content of monosaccharides between SDF and IDF, in which xylose, arabinose and glucose were the main compositions. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that DF and IDF had different forms of network structure, and SDF presented a sign of mutual adhesion. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 0.54 and 0.08 g kg-1 in SDF. Antioxidant activity of SDF was higher than that of IDF based on the evaluation of free radical scavenging and iron reducing capacity in vitro. Meanwhile, the glucose dialysis retardation index of IDF and SDF was 12.59% and 9.26% at 30 min, respectively. And, there was no significant difference in the adsorption capacity of glucose among different samples (P > 0.05). Furthermore, SDF had strong α-amylase inhibition (17.92% inhibition rate) and sodium cholate adsorption capacities; the adsorption amount was 16.76 g kg-1 in 2.00 g L-1 sodium cholate solution. CONCLUSION Foxtail millet bran DF, especially SDF, has good functional properties and would be a suitable ingredient for health-beneficial food production. However, the relevant verification trials in vivo need to be carried out in the next steps. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Lin Dong
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jing Lü
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rui-Ling Shen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Xiang J, Zhang M, Apea-Bah FB, Beta T. Hydroxycinnamic acid amide (HCAA) derivatives, flavonoid C-glycosides, phenolic acids and antioxidant properties of foxtail millet. Food Chem 2019; 295:214-223. [PMID: 31174752 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The profiles of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of dehulled foxtail millets were studied. Twenty-one phenolics were detected in the free fraction, including a series of nine hydroxycinnamic acid spermidines reported for the first time and three flavonoid C-glycosides of kaempferol and apigenin. Twenty-three phenolic acid derivatives were detected in the bound fraction with ferulic acid being the predominant phenolic acid, as well as four ferulic acid dimers (DFAs) reported for the first time in foxtail millet. Total phenolic contents (TPC) of free and bound fractions varied from 161.86 to 224.47 mg ferulic acid equivalent (FAE)/kg DW, 170.69 to 294.75 mg FAE/kg DW, respectively. Antioxidant activities, based on the DPPH, ABTS+ and ORAC assays, were determined for all extracts related to TPC. Dehulled foxtail millet contains a diverse profile of phenolic compounds potentially suitable for development of functional foods with unique antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinle Xiang
- Henan University of Science & Technology, College of Food & Bioengineering, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China; University of Manitoba, Department of Food & Human Nutritional Sciences, 250 Ellis Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Meng Zhang
- Henan University of Science & Technology, College of Food & Bioengineering, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Franklin B Apea-Bah
- University of Manitoba, Department of Food & Human Nutritional Sciences, 250 Ellis Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Smartpark, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Trust Beta
- University of Manitoba, Department of Food & Human Nutritional Sciences, 250 Ellis Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Smartpark, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Ghimire BK, Yu CY, Kim SH, Chung IM. Assessment of Diversity in the Accessions of Setaria italica L. Based on Phytochemical and Morphological Traits and ISSR Markers. Molecules 2019; 24:E1486. [PMID: 30991767 PMCID: PMC6514597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate genetic diversity, phenolic compound composition, and biological activity of Setaria italica L. collected from different parts of South Korea. Antioxidant potential of seeds was estimated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and antimicrobial activity was determined by evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Eight phenolic acids and 3 flavonoids were identified and quantified, among which myricetin and salicylic acid were the most dominant phytochemical compounds detected in the majority of accessions. The antioxidant potential of the leaf extracts of all the accessions was significantly higher (ranging from 32.33 ± 1.53 µg mL-¹ in SI-03 to 87.87 ± 1.63 µg mL-¹) in SI-10 than that of the root, stem, or seeds. Among the 15 accessions, methanolic extracts of the SI-15 accession strongly suppressed the growth of Escherichia coli (250 µg mL-¹). Accessions SI-14 and SI-15 showed positive antimicrobial activity against all gram-positive bacteria. Interestingly, extracts of all accessions were more sensitive towards E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with MICs ranging from 250 to 1000 µg mL-¹. Three phenolic acids, namely chlorogenic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, naringin, hesperetin, and myricetin, were found to be moderately positively correlated with antioxidant activities. A wide range of diversity was observed in morphological traits, namely plant height (99.33 to 201.33 cm), culm length (67.10 to 160.00 cm), spike length (12.80 to 24.00 cm), 1000 seeds weight 1.44 to 2.91 g), bloom beginning (93.67 to 128.00 days), and full bloom (99.67 to 135 days). A dendogram generated from unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering (UPGMA) cluster analysis based on the morphological traits and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker data revealed three major groups. However, no clear correlation between these two different approaches was found. The average Shannon's information index value (I) was 0.492, and it ranged from 0 to 0.693. The average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.335, and it ranged from 0 to 0.499. The substantial variation in the morphological traits, bioactive properties, and genetic diversity among the accessions may provide useful information for breeding programs attempting to obtain S. italica with improved bioactive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Kumar Ghimire
- Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Chang Yeon Yu
- Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
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Seo SH, Son MH, Shin ES, Choi SD, Chang YS. Matrix-specific distribution and compositional profiles of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in multimedia environments. J Hazard Mater 2019; 364:19-27. [PMID: 30336332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in multimedia environments to confirm the effects of emission sources of PFASs and to elucidate their spatial distribution. The highest PFAS levels were detected from the samples of air (272.30 pg/m3) and surface water (36.54 ng/L) in an industrial complex area, meanwhile high PFAS levels were found from the samples of soil (8.80 ng/g) and sediment (84.98 ng/g) in urban areas and near wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) was primarily detected in water, influent and effluent, whereas long chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were dominant in dust, soil, sediment and sludge. While PFBS and neutral PFASs were dominant in air, PFCAs were primarily detected in plant and fish. The specific distribution patterns of PFASs in each matrix showed the influences of surrounding environments and different physicochemical characteristics of each congener. These findings suggest that the industrial complex and WWTP might be major emission sources to air and aquatic environments, respectively. This is the first study in which 6 neutral and 13 ionic PFASs were investigated simultaneously for nine different matrices in multimedia environments, and also it would be a good model study for future assessment of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Seo
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hui Son
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Su Shin
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Deuk Choi
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Peng SH, Wang R, Yang LZ, He L, He X, Liu X. Biosorption of copper, zinc, cadmium and chromium ions from aqueous solution by natural foxtail millet shell. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 165:61-69. [PMID: 30193165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The industrial effluents discharge including heavy metals drain into the river, which has given rise to many problems of hazarding aquatic ecosystems and human health. Biosorption serves as the adsorption of heavy metals onto a natural adsorbent, it is becoming a potential alternative for toxic metals removal from industrial effluents in the last decades. The objectives of present research were to investigate the biosorption behaviors and the mechanisms of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) ions, respectively onto foxtail millet shell as a new natural biosorbent in aqueous solution. The effects of pH (2.0-6.0), contact time (5.0-240.0 min), initial metal ions concentration (25.0-300.0 mg/L), particle size (0.25-2.0 mm) and biosorbent dosage (1.0-6.0 g/L) on the adsorption efficiency of the target metals using foxtail millet shell were evaluated in batch experiments. The models of isotherms and kinetics were used to assess the removal behaviors of Cu, Zn, Cd and Cr ions from aqueous solution by foxtail millet shell. The results showed that the best fitting equilibrium isotherm models for Cu, Zn, Cd and Cr ions were Freundlich (Cu and Zn) and Langmuir (Cd and Cr), respectively under the proper adsorption conditions. The maximum biosorption capacities were 11.89, 10.59, 12.48 and 11.70 mg g-1 of Cu, Zn, Cd and Cr, respectively by terms of Langmuir model. The kinetics of biosoption the target metal ions processes were best explained by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models were cooperative mechanism during the whole biosorption. In addition, the pores on the surface of the shell were covered and then became smooth after biosorption through Scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed, which demonstrated that the target metal ions were adsorbed by foxtail millet shell. The results of Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) further gave evidences that Cu, Zn, Cd and Cr ions were adsorbed onto surface of the adsorbent, respectively. Analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) demonstrated that various functional groups, such as C-H, C˭O, C˭C, C-O, O-S-O and Si-O groups were engaged in the interaction between foxtail millet shell and Cu, Zn, Cd and Cr ions. This paper provided evidences that foxtail millet shell was a potential and efficient biosorbent on removal of Cu, Zn, Cd and Cr ions from aqueous solutions, due to its high biosorption availability, capacity and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Han Peng
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Rong Wang
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Li-Zhi Yang
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Li He
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xu He
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, PR China.
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Knuesting J, Brinkmann MC, Silva B, Schorsch M, Bendix J, Beck E, Scheibe R. Who will win where and why? An ecophysiological dissection of the competition between a tropical pasture grass and the invasive weed Bracken over an elevation range of 1000 m in the tropical Andes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202255. [PMID: 30102718 PMCID: PMC6089443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In tropical agriculture, the vigorously growing Bracken fern causes severe problems by invading pastures and out-competing the common pasture grasses. Due to infestation by that weed, pastures are abandoned after a few years, and as a fatal consequence, the biodiversity-rich tropical forest is progressively cleared for new grazing areas. Here we present a broad physiological comparison of the two plant species that are the main competitors on the pastures in the tropical Ecuadorian Andes, the planted forage grass Setaria sphacelata and the weed Bracken (Pteridium arachnoideum). With increasing elevation, the competitive power of Bracken increases as shown by satellite data of the study region. Using data obtained from field measurements, the annual biomass production of both plant species, as a measure of their competitive strength, was modeled over an elevational gradient from 1800 to 2800 m. The model shows that with increasing elevation, biomass production of the two species shifts in favor of Bracken which, above 1800 m, is capable of outgrowing the grass. In greenhouse experiments, the effects on plant growth of the presumed key variables of the elevational gradient, temperature and UV radiation, were separately analyzed. Low temperature, as well as UV irradiation, inhibited carbon uptake of the C4-grass more than that of the C3-plant Bracken. The less temperature-sensitive photosynthesis of Bracken and its effective protection from UV radiation contribute to the success of the weed on the highland pastures. In field samples of Bracken but not of Setaria, the content of flavonoids as UV-scavengers increased with the elevation. Combining modeling with measurements in greenhouse and field allowed to explain the invasive growth of a common weed in upland pastures. The performance of Setaria decreases with elevation due to suboptimal photosynthesis at lower temperatures and the inability to adapt its cellular UV screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Knuesting
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrueck University, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Marie Clara Brinkmann
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrueck University, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Brenner Silva
- Laboratory for Climatology and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geography, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schorsch
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrueck University, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Jörg Bendix
- Laboratory for Climatology and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geography, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Erwin Beck
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry, and Geosciences, BAYCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Renate Scheibe
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrueck University, Osnabrueck, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Lu Y, Shan S, Li H, Shi J, Zhang X, Li Z. Reversal Effects of Bound Polyphenol from Foxtail Millet Bran on Multidrug Resistance in Human HCT-8/Fu Colorectal Cancer Cell. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:5190-5199. [PMID: 29730933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Foxtail millet is the second-most widely planted species of millet and the most important cereal food in China. Our previous study showed that bound polyphenol of inner shell (BPIS) from foxtail millet bran displayed effective antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo. The present research further implied that BPIS has the ability to reverse the multidrug resistance of colorectal cancer in human HCT-8/Fu cells, the IC50 values of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu), oxaliplatin (L-OHP), and vincristine (VCR) were decreased form 6593 ± 53.8, 799 ± 48.9, and 247 ± 10.3 μM to 5350 ± 22.3 (3261 ± 56.9), 416 ± 16.6 (252 ± 15.6), and 144 ± 8.30 (83.8 ± 5.60) μM when HCT-8/Fu cells were pretreated with 0.5 (1.0) mg/mL BPIS for 12 h. The 12 phenolic acid compounds of BPIS were identified by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-triple-time of flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS) method. Especially, the fraction of molecular weight (MW) < 200 of BPIS reversed the multidrug resistance in HCT-8/Fu cells, and ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid were the main active components, the IC50 values were 1.23 ± 0.195 and 2.68 ± 0.163 mg/mL, respectively. The present data implied that BPIS significantly enhanced the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs through inhibiting cell proliferation, promoting cell apoptosis, and increasing the accumulation of rhodamine-123 (Rh-123) in HCT-8/Fu cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot data indicated that BPIS also decreased the expression levels of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Collectively, these results show that BPIS has potential ability to be used as a new drug-resistance reversal agent in colorectal cancer.
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Pradeep PM, Sreerama YN. Phenolic antioxidants of foxtail and little millet cultivars and their inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Food Chem 2017; 247:46-55. [PMID: 29277227 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of phenolic contents and their in vitro bioactivities of six diverse cultivars of foxtail and little millets revealed that their total phenolic content ranged from 19.42 to 24.12 µmol ferulic acid equivalents/g. The soluble fraction accounted for more than 80% of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Ferulic, caffeic and sinapic acids were the predominant phenolic acids, and luteolin and kaempferol were major flavonoids in the soluble fractions of millets. However, ferulic and p-coumaric acids were abundant in the bound fractions. Millet cultivars exhibited relevant changes in antioxidant activities in different mechanisms. Little millet cultivars showed superior inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase than foxtail millet cultivars. The soluble and bound fractions of CO7 cultivar of foxtail millet (IC50, 22.37 and 57.26 µg/ml) and CO4 cultivar of little millet (IC50, 18.97 and 55.69 µg/ml) displayed strong inhibition towards α-glucosidase. These results suggest the potential application of underutilized millets as functional food ingredients for regulating postprandial hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Pradeep
- Department of Grain Science and Technology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mysore 570 020, India
| | - Yadahally N Sreerama
- Department of Grain Science and Technology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mysore 570 020, India.
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Li H, Wei Z, Huangfu C, Chen X, Yang D. Litter mixture dominated by leaf litter of the invasive species, Flaveria bidentis, accelerates decomposition and favors nitrogen release. J Plant Res 2017; 130:167-180. [PMID: 27896463 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In natural ecosystems, invasive plant litter is often mixed with that of native species, yet few studies have examined the decomposition dynamics of such mixtures, especially across different degrees of invasion. We conducted a 1-year litterbag experiment using leaf litters from the invasive species Flaveria bidentis (L.) and the dominant co-occurring native species, Setaria viridis (L.). Litters were allowed to decompose either separately or together at different ratios in a mothproof screen house. The mass loss of all litter mixtures was non-additive, and the direction and strength of effects varied with species ratio and decomposition stage. During the initial stages of decomposition, all mixtures had a neutral effect on the mass loss; however, at later stages of decomposition, mixtures containing more invasive litter had synergistic effects on mass loss. Importantly, an increase in F. bidentis litter with a lower C:N ratio in mixtures led to greater net release of N over time. These results highlight the importance of trait dissimilarity in determining the decomposition rates of litter mixtures and suggest that F. bidentis could further synchronize N release from litter as an invasion proceeds, potentially creating a positive feedback linked through invasion as the invader outcompetes the natives for nutrients. Our findings also demonstrate the importance of species composition as well as the identity of dominant species when considering how changes in plant community structure influence plant invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, 31 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Zishang Wei
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, 31 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300191, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Chaohe Huangfu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, 31 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300191, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Xinwei Chen
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, 31 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300191, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Dianlin Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, 31 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300191, China
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Lightfoot E, Przelomska N, Craven M, O Connell TC, He L, Hunt HV, Jones MK. Intraspecific carbon and nitrogen isotopic variability in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2016; 30:1475-1487. [PMID: 27321835 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Isotopic palaeodietary studies generally focus on bone collagen from human and/or animal remains. While plant remains are rarely analysed, it is known that plant isotope values can vary as a result of numerous factors, including soil conditions, the environment and type of plant. The millets were important food crops in prehistoric Eurasia, yet little is known about the isotopic differences within millet species. METHODS Here we compare the stable isotope ratios within and between Setaria italica plants grown in a controlled environment chamber. Using homogenised samples, we compare carbon isotope ratios of leaves and grains, and nitrogen isotope ratios of grains, from 29 accessions of Setaria italica. RESULTS We find significant isotopic variability within single leaves and panicles, and between leaves and panicles within the same plant, which must be considered when undertaking plant isotope studies. We find that the leaves and grains from the different accessions have a ca 2‰ range in δ(13) C values, while the nitrogen isotope values in the grains have a ca 6‰ range. We also find an average offset of 0.9‰ between leaves and grains in their δ(13) C values. CONCLUSIONS The variation found is large enough to have archaeological implications and within- and between-plant isotope variability should be considered in isotope studies. The range in δ(15) N values is particularly significant as it is larger than the typical values quoted for a trophic level enrichment, and as such may lead to erroneous interpretations of the amount of animal protein in human or animal diets. It is therefore necessary to account for the variability in plant stable isotope values during palaeodietary reconstructions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Lightfoot
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3ER, UK
| | - Natalia Przelomska
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DZ, UK
| | - Martha Craven
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DZ, UK
| | - Tamsin C O Connell
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DZ, UK
| | - Lu He
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Harriet V Hunt
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3ER, UK
| | - Martin K Jones
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DZ, UK
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Choi YY, Osada K, Ito Y, Nagasawa T, Choi MR, Nishizawa N. Effects of Dietary Protein of Korean Foxtail Millet on Plasma Adiponectin, HDL-Cholesterol, and Insulin Levels in Genetically Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 69:31-7. [PMID: 15665464 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.69.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of intake of Korean foxtail millet protein (FMP) on plasma levels of lipid, glucose, insulin, and adiponectin in genetically type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice. When mice were fed a normal FMP diet or a high-fat-high-sucrose diet containing FMP for 3 weeks, in both experiments plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) and adiponectin increased remarkably in comparison with a casein diet group, whereas concentrations of insulin decreased greatly and that of plasma glucose was comparable to that in the casein diet group. Considering the role of adiponectin, insulin, and HDL-cholesterol in diabetes, atherosclerosis, and obesity, it appears likely that FMP may improve insulin sensitivity and cholesterol metabolism through an increase in adiponectin concentration. Therefore, FMP would serve as another beneficial food component in obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Young Choi
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
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Xu W, Wei L, Qu W, Liang Z, Wang J, Peng X, Zhang Y, Huang K. A novel antifungal peptide from foxtail millet seeds. J Sci Food Agric 2011; 91:1630-1637. [PMID: 21445868 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2010] [Revised: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antifungal proteins (AFP) help plants to combat phytopathogenic fungi and thus protect plants from the devastating damage caused by fungal infections and prevent massive economic losses. To date, several proteins with antibacterial and/or antifungal properties have been isolated and characterized from different plant species and tissues; however, there are no reports concerning the antifungal peptide from foxtail millet seeds. RESULTS An antifungal peptide with a molecular mass of 26.9 kDa was isolated from dry seeds of the foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.), using a procedure that involved four chromatographic steps. The antifungal peptide was adsorbed on CM-Sepharose, Affi-gel blue gel and Superdex 75. It was further purified by C(18) reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and submitted for analysis of peptide mass fingerprint. The Mascot peptide mass fingerprint of the isolated protein hit no existing protein (score >60), and it was proved to be a novel antifungal peptide. It inhibited mycelial growth in Alternaria alternate with an IC(50) of 1.3 µmol L(-1) , and it also exhibited antifungal activity against Trichoderma viride, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum. Transmission electron microscopy of mold forms of Alternaria alternate after incubation with 20 µg mL(-1) of the antifungal protein for 48 h revealed marked ultrastructural changes in the fungus. CONCLUSION A novel antifungal peptide with high potency was isolated from foxtail millet seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Xu
- Laboratory of Food safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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da Silva JM, Arrabaça MC. Contributions of soluble carbohydrates to the osmotic adjustment in the C4 grass Setaria sphacelata: a comparison between rapidly and slowly imposed water stress. J Plant Physiol 2004; 161:551-5. [PMID: 15202711 DOI: 10.1078/0176-1617-01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic carbohydrate content in Setaria sphacelata var. splendida under rapidly and slowly induced water deficit and its contribution to osmotic adjustment were studied. In short-term stress experiments, a decrease in the total content of sucrose (Su) and starch (St) was observed in leaf discs submitted to stress. An increase in the ratio between free hexoses and sucrose was found in stressed leaves, but no significant differences were found in the amount of free hexoses nor in the ratio between soluble and insoluble sugars. In long-term stress experiments, a higher amount of soluble sugars and a lower amount of starch were found in stressed leaves, when compared to the control. The ratios of free hexoses to sucrose and of soluble to insoluble sugars were also higher in stressed leaves. The contribution of the accumulation of soluble sugars to osmotic adjustment was absent in rapidly stressed leaves and was of minor importance in slowly stressed leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Marques da Silva
- Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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