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Suh SM, Kim K, Yang SM, Lee H, Jun M, Byun J, Lee H, Kim D, Lee D, Cha JE, Kim JS, Kim E, Park ZY, Kim HY. Comparative analysis of LC-MS/MS and real-time PCR assays for efficient detection of potential allergenic silkworm. Food Chem 2024; 445:138761. [PMID: 38367561 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The silkworm (Bombyx mori) has long been valued food and feed in East Asia for its abundant nutritional and medicinal attributes, conversely, it can elicit allergic responses in susceptible individuals. Therefore, the development of silkworm detection method is required to avert allergenic incidents. In this study, two methodologies, tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and real-time PCR, were developed to achieve effective silkworm detection. These methods exhibited exceptional sensitivity in identifying silkworm presence in processed foods. Furthermore, model cookies spiked with silkworm were used to validate the sensitivities of LC-MS/MS (0.0005%) and real-time PCR (0.001%). Overall, these techniques were useful for trace silkworm detection in food products; therefore, they may help prevent allergic reactions. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first comparison of LC-MS/MS and real-time PCR methods for silkworm detection, marking an important contribution to the field. Data are available from ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD042494.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Man Suh
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Kim
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Jun
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Byun
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongjoo Lee
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Daseul Kim
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dain Lee
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Cha
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Su Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eiseul Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Zee-Yong Park
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Yeong Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Suh SM, Kim E, Kim MJ, Yang SM, Kim HY. Development of real-time PCR method for rapid and accurate detection of Centipedes ( Scolopendra mutilans) in food. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:979-985. [PMID: 37123063 PMCID: PMC10130274 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Centipedes contain pharmacologically active compounds used as important medicinal material. However, the poisons produced by centipedes can cause human diseases; therefore, its use as a food ingredient is prohibited. This is the first report to develop a real-time PCR method for detection of centipedes. The primer and probe targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene were newly designed. The specificity was verified using ten species and was confirmed to amplify only the centipede species. The real-time PCR method exhibited good linearity with a high-determination coefficient (R 2 = 0.999) and a detection limit was 0.001 ng. The performance of our method was also verified using five real-time PCR platforms under Universal and Fast PCR conditions. Finally, its applicability to processed food was evaluated using binary insect mixtures, and at least 0.1% of centipedes was detected. Therefore, our method can specifically and sensitively detect centipedes in food, contributing to food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Man Suh
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 South Korea
| | - Eiseul Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 South Korea
| | - Mi-Ju Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 South Korea
| | - Seung-Min Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 South Korea
| | - Hae-Yeong Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 South Korea
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Development and validation of a novel real-time PCR protocol for the detection of buffalo worm (Alphitobius diaperinus) in food. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Marien A, Sedefoglu H, Dubois B, Maljean J, Francis F, Berben G, Guillet S, Morin JF, Fumière O, Debode F. Detection of Alphitobius diaperinus by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction With a Single-Copy Gene Target. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:718806. [PMID: 35356786 PMCID: PMC8959938 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.718806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of edible insects as an alternative source of proteins in food and feed is increasing. These last years, numerous companies in Europe have started producing insects for food and feed purposes. In the European Union, the use of edible insects for human consumption falls within Regulation (EU) No. 2015/2283 on novel foods. For feed, Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/893 authorizes seven insect species as processed animal proteins for aquaculture. Methods of authentication are required to check the conformity of the products. In this study, we propose a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the specific detection of the lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus), one of the species included in the shortlist of authorized insects. The selected target is the cadherin gene with a single-copy (per haploid genome) illustrated by our experimental evidence. The PCR test amplified a 134-bp fragment of the cadherin gene. The qualitative method was assessed toward several performance criteria. Specificity was checked against 54 insect species next to other animal and plant species. The sensitivity, efficiency, robustness, and transferability of the PCR assay were also successfully tested. Finally, the applicability of the test was assessed on real-life processed samples (industrial meals) of A. diaperinus. The study also showed that there seems to be a huge confusion on the correct labeling of the marketed mealworms. We did not succeed to get Alphitobius laevigatus samples. They all appeared to belong to the A. diaperinus taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Marien
- Quality and Authentication of Agricultural Products Unit, Knowledge and Valorization of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Gembloux, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Aline Marien
| | - Hamza Sedefoglu
- Haute Ecole Louvain-en-Hainaut, Montignies-sur-Sambre, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Dubois
- Quality and Authentication of Agricultural Products Unit, Knowledge and Valorization of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Julien Maljean
- Quality and Authentication of Agricultural Products Unit, Knowledge and Valorization of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Gilbert Berben
- Quality and Authentication of Agricultural Products Unit, Knowledge and Valorization of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | | | - Olivier Fumière
- Quality and Authentication of Agricultural Products Unit, Knowledge and Valorization of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Debode
- Biological Engineering Unit, Life Sciences Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Gembloux, Belgium
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A Multiplex PCR Assay Combined with Capillary Electrophoresis for the Simultaneous Identification of Atlantic Cod, Pacific Cod, Blue Whiting, Haddock, and Alaska Pollock. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112631. [PMID: 34828912 PMCID: PMC8618353 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increased consumption of seafood products, food fraud with fish resources has been continuously reported. In particular, codfish has been exploited worldwide as a processed product in fresh, frozen, smoked, canned, or ready-to-eat dish forms. However, it is challenging to identify processed fish products after processing because of their similar morphological characteristics. Substitution and mislabeling of codfish among different species are also happening deliberately or unintentionally. Thus, it is necessary to distinguish cod species to prevent fish adulteration and food fraud. In this study, we developed a multiplex PCR for simultaneously identifying five cod species within Gadidae using capillary electrophoresis. Then, their species-specific primer sets were designed by targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Subsequently, the amplicon sizes obtained were 237 bp, 204 bp, 164 bp, 138 bp, and 98 bp for Atlantic cod, Pacific cod, blue whiting, haddock, and Alaska pollock, respectively. The specificity of each primer was further tested using 19 fish species, and no cross-reactivity was observed. The limit of detection of this multiplex PCR assay was 1 pg. The developed multiplex PCR assay can be applied to 40 commercial food products successfully. This detection method will be efficient for managing seafood authentication by simultaneously analyzing multiple cod species.
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Chen S, Gong P, Zhang J, Shan Y, Han X, Zhang L. Use of qPCR for the analysis of population heterogeneity and dynamics during Lactobacillus delbrueckii spp. bulgaricus batch fculture. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 49:1-10. [PMID: 33356615 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1860074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Direct molecular methods such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and propidium monoazide (PMA)-qPCR have been successfully used for quantifying viable microorganisms in the food industry. This study attempted to use qPCR and PMA-qPCR for quantifying Lactobacillus delbrueckii spp. bulgaricus sp1.1 physiological states. The qPCR standards of the 16S rRNA gene were employed to calibrate the qPCR assay, which contributed to an amplification efficiency of 98.42%. The number of copies of the 16S rRNA gene was linearly related to cell density, and this linear relationship was used to construct a quantitative curve (R2 =0.9981) with a detection limit of 15.1 colony-forming units mL-1·reaction-1. qPCR in combination with an optimal PMA concentration (60 μM) helped in discriminating and quantifying the viable cells, without any interference by heat-killed cells. Compared with the conventional methods, the population heterogeneity of viable, culturable, dormant-like and membrane-permeabilized cells were well identified and quantified using qPCR during L. delbrueckii spp. bulgaricus sp1.1 batch culture. Despite the restriction in the enumeration of lysed cells, qPCR-based methods facilitated reliable identification and quantification of bacterial physiological states and provided additional knowledge on the dynamics of L. delbrueckii spp. bulgaricus sp1.1 physiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Pimin Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yujuan Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Kingwascharapong P, Chaijan M, Karnjanapratum S. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of protein from Bombay locusts and its impact on functional and antioxidative properties. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17320. [PMID: 34453091 PMCID: PMC8397741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96694-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Impact of ultrasound-assisted process (UAP) on yield, functional properties, antioxidant properties and molecular characteristics of protein extracted from Bombay locusts (BL) (Patanga succinta L.) was studied. Different conditions of UAP were implemented for different amplitudes (40-60%) and times (10-30 min) during aqueous extraction. Notably, UAP could enhance yield and protein recovery, compared with those from typical process (TP) (continuously stirred at 100 rpm at room temperature for 1 h). UAP conditions used governed the change of surface hydrophobicity and free α-amino content of BL. UAP could improve solubility of BL, especially at pH levels higher than 2. UAP had no significant (p > 0.05) detrimental effects on foaming capacity and stability of BL. Nevertheless, UAP, particularly at 50-60% amplitudes, affected the emulsion activity and stability of BL. UAP provided BL with high radical scavenging activities and good electron donating ability, especially that from 60% amplitude for 20 min (UAP-60/20). UAP-60/20 showed the impact on change of isoelectric point and molecular characteristic monitored by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) of BL, compared to those from TP. In addition, BL was also an excellent source of both essential and nonessential amino acids. Therefore, UAP potentially enhanced BL extraction efficiency, resulting the BL with good functional and antioxidative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passakorn Kingwascharapong
- Department of International Professional in Culinary Art, Faculty of International Hospitality Industry, Dusit Thani College, Bangkok, 10250, Thailand
| | - Manat Chaijan
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Centre of Excellence, Department of Food Industry, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand
| | - Supatra Karnjanapratum
- School of Food Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand.
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Development of a Real-Time PCR Assay for the Detection of Donkey (Equus asinus) Meat in Meat Mixtures Treated under Different Processing Conditions. Foods 2020; 9:foods9020130. [PMID: 31991914 PMCID: PMC7074451 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a donkey-specific primer pair and probe were designed from mitochondrial cytochrome b gene for the detection of raw donkey meat and different processed meat mixtures. The PCR product size for donkey DNA was 99 bp, and primer specificity was verified using 20 animal species. The limit of detection (LOD) was examined by serially diluting donkey DNA. Using real-time PCR, 0.001 ng of donkey DNA could be detected. In addition, binary meat mixtures with various percentages of donkey meat (0.001%, 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, 10%, and 100%) in beef were analyzed to determine the sensitivity of this real-time PCR assay. At least 0.001% of donkey meat was detected in raw, boiled, roasted, dried, grinded, fried, and autoclaved meat mixtures. The developed real-time PCR method showed sufficient specificity and sensitivity in identification of donkey meat and could be a useful tool for the identification of donkey meat in processed products.
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