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Chilakala R, Moon HJ, Jung MS, Han JW, Ko KH, Lee DS, Cheong SH. Bioactive Peptides from Meretrix lusoria Enzymatic Hydrolysate as a Potential Treatment for Obesity in db/db Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:1913. [PMID: 38931268 PMCID: PMC11206624 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is acknowledged as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, often accompanied by increased inflammation and diabetes. Bioactive peptides derived from marine animal proteins show promise as safe and effective anti-obesity agents by regulating adipocyte differentiation through the AMPK signaling pathway. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of bioactive compounds derived from a Meretrix lusoria Protamex enzymatic hydrolysate (MLP) fraction (≤1 kDa) through a 6-week treatment (150 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg, administered once daily) in leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice. The MLP treatment significantly decreased the body weight, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol levels while also exhibiting a beneficial effect on hepatic and serum marker parameters in db/db mice. A histological analysis revealed a reduction in hepatic steatosis and epididymal fat following MLP treatment. Furthermore, poor glucose tolerance was improved, and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities were elevated in MLP-treated mice compared to db/db control mice. Western blot analysis showed an increased expression of the AMPK protein after MLP treatment. In addition, the expression of lipogenic genes decreased in db/db mice. These findings indicate that bioactive peptides, which are known to regulate blood glucose levels, lipid metabolism, and adipogenesis, could be beneficial functional food additives and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna Chilakala
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea; (R.C.); (H.J.M.); (M.S.J.); (J.W.H.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Hyeon Jeong Moon
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea; (R.C.); (H.J.M.); (M.S.J.); (J.W.H.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Min Seouk Jung
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea; (R.C.); (H.J.M.); (M.S.J.); (J.W.H.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Jong Won Han
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea; (R.C.); (H.J.M.); (M.S.J.); (J.W.H.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Kang Ho Ko
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea; (R.C.); (H.J.M.); (M.S.J.); (J.W.H.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Dong Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sun Hee Cheong
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea; (R.C.); (H.J.M.); (M.S.J.); (J.W.H.); (K.H.K.)
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Dayarathne LA, Ko SC, Yim MJ, Lee JM, Kim JY, Oh GW, Kim CH, Kim KW, Lee DS, Je JY. Brown Algae Dictyopteris divaricata Attenuates Adipogenesis by Modulating Adipocyte Differentiation and Promoting Lipolysis through Heme Oxygenase-1 Activation in 3T3-L1 Cells. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:91. [PMID: 38393062 PMCID: PMC10890497 DOI: 10.3390/md22020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to explore the probable anti-adipogenesis effect of Dictyopteris divaricata (D. divaricata) in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by regulating heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The extract of D. divaricata retarded lipid accretion and decreased triglyceride (TG) content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes but increased free glycerol levels. Treatment with the extract inhibited lipogenesis by inhibiting protein expressions of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), whereas lipolysis increased by activating phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (p-HSL) and AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK). The extract inhibited adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through down-regulating adipogenic transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1). This is attributed to the triggering of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition, this study found that treatment with the extract activated HO-1 expression. Pharmacological approaches revealed that treatment with Zinc Protoporphyrin (ZnPP), an HO-1 inhibitor, resulted in an increase in lipid accumulation and a decrease in free glycerol levels. Finally, three adipogenic transcription factors, such as PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP1, restored their expression in the presence of ZnPP. Analysis of chemical constituents revealed that the extract of D. divaricata is rich in 1,4-benzenediol, 7-tetradecenal, fucosterol, and n-hexadecanoic acid, which are known to have multiple pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshi A. Dayarathne
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seok-Chun Ko
- National Marine Biodiversity of Korea (MABIK), Seochun 33662, Republic of Korea; (S.-C.K.); (M.-J.Y.); (J.M.L.); (J.-Y.K.); (G.-W.O.); (C.H.K.); (K.W.K.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Mi-Jin Yim
- National Marine Biodiversity of Korea (MABIK), Seochun 33662, Republic of Korea; (S.-C.K.); (M.-J.Y.); (J.M.L.); (J.-Y.K.); (G.-W.O.); (C.H.K.); (K.W.K.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- National Marine Biodiversity of Korea (MABIK), Seochun 33662, Republic of Korea; (S.-C.K.); (M.-J.Y.); (J.M.L.); (J.-Y.K.); (G.-W.O.); (C.H.K.); (K.W.K.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Ji-Yul Kim
- National Marine Biodiversity of Korea (MABIK), Seochun 33662, Republic of Korea; (S.-C.K.); (M.-J.Y.); (J.M.L.); (J.-Y.K.); (G.-W.O.); (C.H.K.); (K.W.K.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Gun-Woo Oh
- National Marine Biodiversity of Korea (MABIK), Seochun 33662, Republic of Korea; (S.-C.K.); (M.-J.Y.); (J.M.L.); (J.-Y.K.); (G.-W.O.); (C.H.K.); (K.W.K.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Chul Hwan Kim
- National Marine Biodiversity of Korea (MABIK), Seochun 33662, Republic of Korea; (S.-C.K.); (M.-J.Y.); (J.M.L.); (J.-Y.K.); (G.-W.O.); (C.H.K.); (K.W.K.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Kyung Woo Kim
- National Marine Biodiversity of Korea (MABIK), Seochun 33662, Republic of Korea; (S.-C.K.); (M.-J.Y.); (J.M.L.); (J.-Y.K.); (G.-W.O.); (C.H.K.); (K.W.K.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- National Marine Biodiversity of Korea (MABIK), Seochun 33662, Republic of Korea; (S.-C.K.); (M.-J.Y.); (J.M.L.); (J.-Y.K.); (G.-W.O.); (C.H.K.); (K.W.K.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Jae-Young Je
- Major of Human Bioconvergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Ma Y, Wang Z, Hu Y. Insight into Nrf2: a bibliometric and visual analysis from 2000 to 2022. Front Genet 2023; 14:1266680. [PMID: 37779908 PMCID: PMC10540848 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1266680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nrf2 plays a pivotal role in governing the antioxidant defense system, triggering the transcription of diverse genes involved in cellular protection. Its role in mitigating oxidative damage and modulating inflammatory processes has made Nrf2 an attractive target for therapeutic interventions. Despite the growing interest in Nrf2 research, a bibliometric analysis is relatively rare. This study aimed to clarify Nrf2's role in multiple diseases, identify emerging trends and hotspots using bibliometric analysis, and provide valuable insights and potential directions for future therapeutic interventions. Methods: The Science Citation Index of Web of Science Core library from 2000 to 2022 was searched on 22 October 2022. Use Microsoft Excel, CiteSpace, Bibliometrix, and VOS viewers for data collection and visualization of research focus and trends. Results: A vast collection of 22,040 research studies on Nrf2 published between 2000 and 2022 were identified. Nrf2 research has seen significant growth globally from 2000 to 2022. China leaded in publication numbers (9,623, 43.66%), while the United States dominated in citation frequency with 261,776 citations. China Medical University was the most productive institutions (459, 2.08%). Masayuki Yamamoto topped in publications (307), while Itoh K. ranked first in citations with 3669. Free Radical Biology and Medicine was the journal with the most studies and citations on Nrf2 (613, 29,687 citations). The analysis of keyword clustering enhanced the categorization of topics and can be summarized as oxidative stress, cancer, disorders in glycolipid metabolism, inflammation, and neurological conditions. Conclusion: China and the United States are the pioneers in Nrf2 research. Recently, there has been a comprehensive exploration of Nrf2 involving both experimental and clinical aspects, as well as mechanisms and therapeutic applications. Investigating novel molecular mechanisms, including NF-κB, Ho1, and Keap1, and developing enhanced, targeted Nrf2 activators or inhibitors to uncover the interplay among cancer, glycolipid metabolic disorder, inflammation, and neurological disorders will be upcoming trends and hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongqing Wang
- Department of Information Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuedong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Xia Y, Zhai X, Qiu Y, Lu X, Jiao Y. The Nrf2 in Obesity: A Friend or Foe? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102067. [PMID: 36290791 PMCID: PMC9598341 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its complications have become serious global health concerns recently and increasing work has been carried out to explicate the underlying mechanism of the disease development. The recognized correlations suggest oxidative stress and inflammation in expanding adipose tissue with excessive fat accumulation play important roles in the pathogenesis of obesity, as well as its associated metabolic syndromes. In adipose tissue, obesity-mediated insulin resistance strongly correlates with increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been described as a key modulator of antioxidant signaling, which regulates the transcription of various genes coding antioxidant enzymes and cytoprotective proteins. Furthermore, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 is a pivotal target of obesity and its related metabolic disorders. However, its effects are controversial and even contradictory. This review aims to clarify the complicated interplay among Nrf2, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, insulin signaling and chronic inflammation in obesity. Elucidating the implications of Nrf2 modulation on obesity would provide novel insights for potential therapeutic approaches in obesity and its comorbidities.
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Marasinghe CK, Je JY. Heme oxygenase-1 induction by gallic acid-g-chitosan is an important event in modulating adipocyte differentiation. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14179. [PMID: 35393708 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, one of the common worldwide chronic health diseases co-relates with adipogenesis. Adipogenesis is a complex biological action of the emergence of mature adipocytes from the differentiation of pre-adipocytes and the disfunction of this process leads to the development of metabolic issues in obesity. Recently, much attention has been paid to utilizing natural compounds to discover their biological activities. This study focused on investigating the probable anti-adipogenic effects of gallic acid-g-chitosan (GAC) and plain chitosan (PC) through regulating the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/Nrf2 pathway on mesenchymal stem cells. Gallic acid is grafted onto the PC backbone to improve its specific physical and biological properties. GAC showed promising anti-adipogenic effects by enhancing HO-1 expression and lipolysis and as well as suppressing lipid accumulation, reactive oxygen species, and pro-inflammatory cytokines production, transcription factor expression compared to the PC treatment. On the contrary, zinc protoporphyrin ІX (ZnPP), a HO-1 inhibitor reversed these effects of GAC on adipogenesis. Taken all together, this study revealed that grafting GA onto the chitosan improved potential anti-adipogenic activity by induction of the HO-1/Nrf2 pathway on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: GAC is a well-known copolymer with versatile bioactivities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic activity. However, the anti-adipogenic effect of GAC has not been explored in MSCs. This study demonstrated that GAC inhibited adipocyte differentiation in MSCs through HO-1 activation. These findings suggest that GAC can be applied practically from different perspectives. GAC can be applied in the pharmacological industry to the development of anti-obesity drugs, medicinal perspectives for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases, and in the food industry as a functional food to promote health and decrease the risk of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathuri K Marasinghe
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Je
- Major of Human Bioconvergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Patil PJ, Usman M, Zhang C, Mehmood A, Zhou M, Teng C, Li X. An updated review on food-derived bioactive peptides: Focus on the regulatory requirements, safety, and bioavailability. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:1732-1776. [PMID: 35142435 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food-derived bioactive peptides (BAPs) are recently utilized as functional food raw materials owing to their potential health benefits. Although there is a huge amount of scientific research about BAPs' identification, purification, characterization, and physiological functions, and subsequently, many BAPs have been marketed, there is a paucity of review on the regulatory requirements, bioavailability, and safety of BAPs. Thus, this review focuses on the toxic peptides that could arise from their primary proteins throughout protein extraction, protein pretreatment, and BAPs' formulation. Also, the influences of BAPs' length and administration dosage on safety are summarized. Lastly, the challenges and possibilities in BAPs' bioavailability and regulatory requirements in different countries were also presented. Results revealed that the human studies of BAPs are essential for approvals as healthy food and to prevent the consumers from misinformation and false promises. The BAPs that escape the gastrointestinal tract epithelium and move to the stomach are considered good peptides and get circulated into the blood using different pathways. In addition, the hydrophobicity, net charge, molecular size, length, amino acids composition/sequences, and structural characteristics of BAPs are critical for bioavailability, and appropriate food-grade carriers can enhance it. The abovementioned features are also vital to optimize the solubility, water holding capacity, emulsifying ability, and foaming property of BAPs in food products. In the case of safety, the possible allergenic and toxic peptides often exhibit physiological functions and could be produced during the hydrolysis of food proteins. It was also noted that the production of iso-peptides bonds and undesirable Maillard reaction might occur during protein extraction, sample pretreatments, and peptide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna J Patil
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengnan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingchun Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Teng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Cytoprotective Peptides from Blue Mussel Protein Hydrolysates: Identification and Mechanism Investigation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Injury. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110609. [PMID: 34822480 PMCID: PMC8620150 DOI: 10.3390/md19110609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease represents a leading cause of mortality and is often characterized by the emergence of endothelial dysfunction (ED), a physiologic condition that takes place in the early progress of atherosclerosis. In this study, two cytoprotective peptides derived from blue mussel chymotrypsin hydrolysates with the sequence of EPTF and FTVN were purified and identified. Molecular mechanisms underlying the cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress which lead to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) injury were investigated. The results showed that pretreatment of EPTF, FTVN and their combination (1:1) in 0.1 mg/mL significantly reduced HUVEC death due to H2O2 exposure. The cytoprotective mechanism of these peptides involves an improvement in the cellular antioxidant defense system, as indicated by the suppression of the intracellular ROS generation through upregulation of the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1. In addition, H2O2 exposure triggers HUVEC damage through the apoptosis process, as evidenced by increased cytochrome C release, Bax protein expression, and the elevated amount of activated caspase-3, however in HUVEC pretreated with peptides and their combination, the presence of those apoptotic stimuli was significantly decreased. Each peptide showed similar cytoprotective effect but no synergistic effect. Taken together, these peptides may be especially important in protecting against oxidative stress-mediated ED.
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Ahn CB, Je JY. Anti-adipogenic peptides from ark shell protein hydrolysate: Purification, identification and anti-adipogenic effect. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic Acid Lowers 3T3-L1 Mitotic Clonal Expansion and Adipocyte Differentiation by Enhancing Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165027. [PMID: 34443613 PMCID: PMC8402220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a complex process in which cell commitment and mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) are in-sequence crucial events leading to terminal adipocyte differentiation. The molecules able to block some key signals in this cascade can hamper adipogenesis becoming promising agents to counteract hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adipose tissue. Mono- and di-caffeoylquinic acid isomers are biologically active polyphenols, displaying in vitro and in vivo antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties. Among these isomers, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (DCQA) has been reported to inhibit lipid accumulation in adipose cells more successfully than others. Thus, we investigated DCQA effects and molecular mechanisms on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes induced to differentiate with a hormonal cocktail (MDI). Oil Red O incorporation assessed that DCQA pre-treatment inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells induced to differentiate for 10 days. At this time, an increased phosphorylation of both AMP-activated kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, as well as a strong decrease in fatty acid synthase protein level, were registered by immunoblotting, thereby suggesting that DCQA treatment can reduce fatty acid anabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, BrdU incorporation assay, performed 48 h after hormonal stimulation, revealed that DCQA treatment was also able to hinder the 3T3-L1 cell proliferation during the MCE, which is an essential step in the adipogenic process. Thus, we focused our attention on early signals triggered by the differentiation stimuli. In the first hours after hormonal cocktail administration, the activation of ERK1/2 and Akt kinases, or CREB and STAT3 transcription factors, was not affected by DCQA pre-treatment. Whereas 24 h after MDI induction, DCQA pre-treated cells showed increased level of the transcription factor Nrf2, that induced the expression of the antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). In control samples, the expression level of HO-1 was reduced 24 h after MDI induction in comparison with the higher amount of HO-1 protein found at 2 h. The HO-1 decrease was functional by allowing reactive oxygen species to boost and allowing cell proliferation induction at the beginning of MCE phase. Instead, in DCQA-treated cells the HO-1 expression was maintained at high levels for a further 24 h; in fact, its expression decreased only 48 h after MDI stimulation. The longer period in which HO-1 expression remained high led to a delay of the MCE phase, with a subsequent inhibition of both C/EBP-α expression and adipocyte terminal differentiation. In conclusion, DCQA counteracting an excessive adipose tissue expansion may become an attractive option in obesity treatment.
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Qiao Q, Chen L, Li X, Lu X, Xu Q. Roles of Dietary Bioactive Peptides in Redox Balance and Metabolic Disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5582245. [PMID: 34234885 PMCID: PMC8219413 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5582245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides (BPs) are fragments of 2-15 amino acid residues with biological properties. Dietary BPs derived from milk, egg, fish, soybean, corn, rice, quinoa, wheat, oat, potato, common bean, spirulina, and mussel are reported to possess beneficial effects on redox balance and metabolic disorders (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)). Peptide length, sequence, and composition significantly affected the bioactive properties of dietary BPs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that various dietary protein-derived BPs exhibited biological activities through the modulation of various molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways, including Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element in oxidative stress; peroxisome proliferator-activated-γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 in obesity; insulin receptor substrate-1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B and AMP-activated protein kinase in diabetes; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in hypertension; and mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B in IBD. This review focuses on the action of molecular mechanisms of dietary BPs and provides novel insights in the maintenance of redox balance and metabolic diseases of human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Qiao
- College of Information Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangyang Lu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qingbiao Xu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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