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Alemán-Huerta ME, Castillo-Cázares BA, Márquez-Reyes JM, Báez-González JG, Quintero-Zapata I, Gandarilla-Pacheco FL, de Luna-Santillana EDJ, Treviño-Garza MZ. Muffin-Type Bakery Product Based on Mexican Mesquite ( Prosopis spp.) Flour: Texture Profile, Acceptability, and Physicochemical Properties. Foods 2023; 12:3587. [PMID: 37835239 PMCID: PMC10572904 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, muffin-type bakery products were developed based on wheat flour (WF) and mesquite flour (MF) in the following proportions: WFMF 90:10, WFMF 75:25, and WFMF 50:50. The products were characterized based on various properties in which it was possible to observe that the water activity (aw) did not show a significant change with the increase in the concentration of MF. In addition, the increase in the concentration of MF modified the sensory properties (color, odor, flavor, texture, and acceptance), further decreasing the luminosity and increasing the values of the a* and b* coordinates. Moreover, in the texture profile analysis, it was found that the increase in the MF concentration increased hardness, fracturability, and gumminess and decreased adhesiveness and cohesiveness. All the previously mentioned changes were more evident in the WFMF50:50 and, to a lesser degree, in WFMF75:25. In general, in most evaluations realized, the WFMF90:10 treatment was the most similar to the control (without MF). However, WFMMF75:25 provided a higher protein and fiber content and a lower fat content. Finally, it is possible to use the flour obtained from the mesquite fruit to make bakery products since it is an important source of food due to the wide distribution of mesquite in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elizabeth Alemán-Huerta
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico; (M.E.A.-H.); (B.A.C.-C.); (I.Q.-Z.); (F.L.G.-P.)
| | - Brenda A. Castillo-Cázares
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico; (M.E.A.-H.); (B.A.C.-C.); (I.Q.-Z.); (F.L.G.-P.)
| | - Julia Mariana Márquez-Reyes
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Francisco I. Madero S/N, Ex Hacienda el Cañada, Escobedo 66050, Mexico;
| | - Juan G. Báez-González
- Departamento de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico;
| | - Isela Quintero-Zapata
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico; (M.E.A.-H.); (B.A.C.-C.); (I.Q.-Z.); (F.L.G.-P.)
| | - Fátima Lizeth Gandarilla-Pacheco
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico; (M.E.A.-H.); (B.A.C.-C.); (I.Q.-Z.); (F.L.G.-P.)
| | | | - Mayra Z. Treviño-Garza
- Departamento de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico;
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2
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Ojeda LGI, Genevois CE, Busch VM. Novel flours from leguminosae ( Neltuma ruscifolia) pods for technological improvement and nutritional enrichment of wheat bread. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17774. [PMID: 37455995 PMCID: PMC10345335 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat bread is widely consumed in many Western cultures (>70 kg/per capita/year) despite the fact that the flour milling process reduces the content of dietary fibre, vitamins and minerals resulting in baked goods nutritionally poor. Vinal (Neltuma or Prosopis ruscifolia) fruit is an American carob that can be grinded to obtain different fractions such as endocarp, seeds, residue and the whole pod flours. The objective of the work was to analyse the chemical compositions, colour and physical, functional and hydration properties of grinding fractions from vinal (Neltuma ruscifolia); and also, study their application in wheat bread and their effect on rheological, textural and organoleptic characteristics. The obtained flours showed to be a good source of proteins (>30% seed flour) and dietary fibre (>38% endocarp flour), with good physical and functional properties, denoting its suitability as promising novel ingredients for the design and formulation of nutritionally enriched wheat breads. The addition of vinal flours (5%) in replacement of wheat flour in a traditional bread significantly affected the rheology, giving as results less extensive doughs. The bread loaf showed a lower specific volume, and firmer and darker colour with brown tone crumbs. Sensory analysis revealed a good degree of acceptance for the enriched breads (with the best values for residue flour) suggesting that these novel flours would be suitable as ingredients for bakery products with good nutritional profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Georgina Itati Ojeda
- Facultad de Bromatología, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Pte. Perón 1154, 2820, Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Carolina Elizabeth Genevois
- Facultad de Bromatología, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Pte. Perón 1154, 2820, Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos de Entre Ríos (ICTAER CONICET-UNER). Pte. Perón 1154, Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Verónica María Busch
- Facultad de Bromatología, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Pte. Perón 1154, 2820, Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos de Entre Ríos (ICTAER CONICET-UNER). Pte. Perón 1154, Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos, Argentina
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3
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Nadimi M, Hawley E, Liu J, Hildebrand K, Sopiwnyk E, Paliwal J. Enhancing traceability of wheat quality through the supply chain. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:2495-2522. [PMID: 37078119 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
With the growing global population, the need for food is expected to grow tremendously in the next few decades. One of the key tools to address such growing food demand is minimizing grain losses and optimizing food processing operations. Hence, several research studies are underway to reduce grain losses/degradation at the farm (upon harvest) and later during the milling and baking processes. However, less attention has been paid to changes in grain quality between harvest and milling. This paper aims to address this knowledge gap and discusses possible strategies for preserving grain quality (for Canadian wheat in particular) during unit operations at primary, process, or terminal elevators. To this end, the importance of wheat flour quality metrics is briefly described, followed by a discussion on the effect of grain properties on such quality parameters. This work also explores how drying, storage, blending, and cleaning, as some of the common post-harvest unit operations, could affect grain's end-product quality. Finally, an overview of the available techniques for grain quality monitoring is provided, followed by a discussion on existing gaps and potential solutions for quality traceability throughout the wheat supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nadimi
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Jing Liu
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | | | - Jitendra Paliwal
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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4
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Lazou A, Anastasiadis G, Provata T, Koliou Z, Protonotariou S. Utilization of industrial hemp by-product defatted seed flour: effect of its incorporation on the properties and quality characteristics of 'tsoureki', a rich-dough baked Greek product. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3984-3996. [PMID: 36433711 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rich-dough baked Greek product named 'tsoureki' was prepared using non-gluten hemp seed flour at ratios of 0:100, 10:90, 30:70, and 50:50. The effects of hemp flour addition on the properties of 'tsoureki', including physicochemical properties (moisture content, water activity, sorption phenomena), structural properties, textural properties, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and sensorial characteristics, as well as the macroscopic structure and morphological characteristics, were studied. RESULTS Hemp flour addition affected dough rheology, showing tan δ values < 1, a decrease in both G' and G″ values, while both flow behavior and consistency indices were also significantly affected, which might have an influence on the final baked goods. The Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer model satisfactorily described sorption data, while both hemp addition and temperature had a significant effect. A significantly higher hardness of 11.55 N, a lower specific volume of 2.65 cm3 g-1 , and a lower porosity of 0.676 were observed at high hemp additions. The hemp flour level influenced the color of the crumb and crust, and the total color difference (ΔE) increased significantly with the increase in hemp flour. Hemp flour additions were detectable by the naked eye, with an obvious color difference between control and hemp-containing samples. Moreover, the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were increased, as were some organoleptic characteristics, such as the bitter aftertaste. Concurrently, overall acceptability decreased significantly. CONCLUSION Overall, the incorporation of gluten-free defatted hemp seed flour in 'tsoureki' formulations seems to be a promising alternative for improving quality of such rich-dough baked products. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana Lazou
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Analysis and Design of Food Processes, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Anastasiadis
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Analysis and Design of Food Processes, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Tarsia Provata
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Analysis and Design of Food Processes, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Koliou
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Analysis and Design of Food Processes, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Styliani Protonotariou
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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5
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Influence of Wheat-Mesquite ( Prosopis L.) Composite Flour on Dough Rheology and Quality of Bread. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CIBINIENSIS. SERIES E: FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aucft-2022-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of wheat-mesquite composite flour on the rheology of dough and the quality of bread. The farinographic analysis showed a decrease in the development time and stability of the dough with an increase in the mixing tolerance index. The share of mesquite flour increased the value of loss and storage moduli and reduced the dough’s susceptibility to stress. The mesquite flour addition increased the bread volume by about 17% and the number of large pores >5 mm. The brightness of the crumb containing mesquite flour decreased from 75.3 to 58.6 and the proportion of yellow colour increased from 19.9 to 26.4 in relation to the control bread. The bread with mesquite flour had a significantly softer crumb during storage in comparison with wheat bread, indicating a reduction in the staling. These observations were also confirmed by lowering the disintegration enthalpy of the retrograded amylopectin from 3.33 J/g for the control sample to 1.95 J/g for the bread containing 10% of mesquite flour.
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6
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Wang Y, Jian C. Sustainable plant-based ingredients as wheat flour substitutes in bread making. NPJ Sci Food 2022; 6:49. [PMID: 36307422 PMCID: PMC9614748 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-022-00163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bread as a staple food has been predominantly prepared from refined wheat flour. The world's demand for food is rising with increased bread consumption in developing countries where climate conditions are unsuitable for wheat cultivation. This reliance on wheat increases the vulnerability to wheat supply shocks caused by force majeure or man-made events, in addition to negative environmental and health consequences. In this review, we discuss the contribution to the sustainability of food systems by partially replacing wheat flour with various types of plant ingredients in bread making, also known as composite bread. The sustainable sources of non-wheat flours, their example use in bread making and potential health and nutritional benefits are summarized. Non-wheat flours pose techno-functional challenges due to significantly different properties of their proteins compared to wheat gluten, and they often contain off-favor compounds that altogether limit the consumer acceptability of final bread products. Therefore, we detail recent advances in processing strategies to improve the sensory and nutritional profiles of composite bread. A special focus is laid on fermentation, for its accessibility and versatility to apply to different ingredients and scenarios. Finally, we outline research needs that require the synergism between sustainability science, human nutrition, microbiomics and food science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ching Jian
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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7
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Korus J, Witczak M, Korus A, Juszczak L. Mesquite (Prosopis L.) as a functional ingredient in gluten-free dough and bread. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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8
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Yu H, Li J, Brennan MA, Brennan CS, Qin Y. Wheat Bread Fortified with
Dictyophora Indusiata
Powder
: Evaluation of Quality Attributes, Antioxidant Characteristics and Bread Staling. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Liu
- Faculty of Food Science and EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650550China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Faculty of Food Science and EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650550China
| | - Hongda Yu
- Faculty of Food Science and EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650550China
| | - Jiang Li
- Faculty of Food Science and EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650550China
| | - Margaret A Brennan
- School of ScienceRoyal Melbourne Institute of Technology UniversityMelbourne3000Australia
| | - Charles S Brennan
- School of ScienceRoyal Melbourne Institute of Technology UniversityMelbourne3000Australia
| | - Yuyue Qin
- Faculty of Food Science and EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650550China
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Zhong J, Lu P, Wu H, Liu Z, Sharifi-Rad J, Setzer WN, Suleria HAR. Current Insights into Phytochemistry, Nutritional, and Pharmacological Properties of Prosopis Plants. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:2218029. [PMID: 35310031 PMCID: PMC8933101 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2218029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prosopis is a regional cash crop that is widely grown in arid, semiarid, tropical, and subtropical areas. Compared with other legume plants, Prosopis is underutilized and has great potentialities. Prosopis not only is a good source of timber, construction, fencing material, and gum, but also can be applied for food, beverage, feed, and medicine. Prosopis contains numerous phytochemical constituents, including carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins, while varieties of phenolic compounds have also been identified from different parts of Prosopis. Flavonoids (especially C-glycosyl flavonoids), tannins, catechin, 4'-O-methyl-gallocatechin, mesquitol, and quercetin O-glycosides are significant phenolic contents in Prosopis. Various extracts of Prosopis displayed a wide range of biological properties, such as antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, antibacterial, anthelmintic, antitumor, and anticancer. Additionally, Prosopis has the potential to be an ideal diet that contains abundant dietary fiber, minerals, galactomannans, and low-fat content. However, the bioactivity and pharmacological properties associated with Prosopis were influenced by the bioavailability of phytochemicals, various antinutritional compounds, and the interactions of protein and phenolic compounds. The bioavailability of Prosopis is mainly affected by phenolic contents, especially catechin. The antinutritional compounds negatively affect the nutritional qualities of Prosopis, which can be prevented by heating. The protein-phenolic compound interactions can help the human body to absorb quercetin from Prosopis. This literature review aimed to provide systematic information on the physical, biochemical, pharmacological, and nutritional properties and potential applications of Prosopis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshu Zhong
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Peiyao Lu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Hanjing Wu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ziyao Liu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
| | - Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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10
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Study of mesquite grain flour (
Prosopis juliflora
Sw.
DC
) in hamburger storage. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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11
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González-Montemayor AM, Solanilla-Duque JF, Flores-Gallegos AC, López-Badillo CM, Ascacio-Valdés JA, Rodríguez-Herrera R. Green Bean, Pea and Mesquite Whole Pod Flours Nutritional and Functional Properties and Their Effect on Sourdough Bread. Foods 2021; 10:2227. [PMID: 34574337 PMCID: PMC8468002 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, proximal composition, mineral analysis, polyphenolic compounds identification, and antioxidant and functional activities were determined in green bean (GBF), mesquite (MF), and pea (PF) flours. Different mixtures of legume flour and wheat flour for bread elaboration were determined by a simplex-centroid design. After that, the proximal composition, color, specific volume, polyphenol content, antioxidant activities, and functional properties of the different breads were evaluated. While GBF and PF have a higher protein content (41-47%), MF has a significant fiber content (19.9%) as well as a higher polyphenol content (474.77 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant capacities. It was possible to identify Ca, K, and Mg and caffeic and enolic acids in the flours. The legume-wheat mixtures affected the fiber, protein content, and the physical properties of bread. Bread with MF contained more fiber; meanwhile, PF and GBF benefit the protein content. With MF, the specific bread volume only decreased by 7%. These legume flours have the potential to increase the nutritional value of bakery goods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mariela González-Montemayor
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza and José Cárdenas s/n, Republica Oriente, Saltillo CP 25280, Mexico; (A.M.G.-M.); (A.C.F.-G.); (C.M.L.-B.); (J.A.A.-V.)
| | - José Fernando Solanilla-Duque
- Agroindustrial Engineering Department, School of Agrarian Sciences, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán 190002, Colombia;
| | - Adriana C. Flores-Gallegos
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza and José Cárdenas s/n, Republica Oriente, Saltillo CP 25280, Mexico; (A.M.G.-M.); (A.C.F.-G.); (C.M.L.-B.); (J.A.A.-V.)
| | - Claudia Magdalena López-Badillo
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza and José Cárdenas s/n, Republica Oriente, Saltillo CP 25280, Mexico; (A.M.G.-M.); (A.C.F.-G.); (C.M.L.-B.); (J.A.A.-V.)
| | - Juan Alberto Ascacio-Valdés
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza and José Cárdenas s/n, Republica Oriente, Saltillo CP 25280, Mexico; (A.M.G.-M.); (A.C.F.-G.); (C.M.L.-B.); (J.A.A.-V.)
| | - Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza and José Cárdenas s/n, Republica Oriente, Saltillo CP 25280, Mexico; (A.M.G.-M.); (A.C.F.-G.); (C.M.L.-B.); (J.A.A.-V.)
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12
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Chen Y, Gavaliatsis T, Kuster S, Städeli C, Fischer P, Windhab EJ. Crust treatments to reduce bread staling. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:182-190. [PMID: 33889851 PMCID: PMC8050008 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Crust treatments, namely edible bread coatings, enzymatic crust modification and chemical crust modification, were introduced with the intention to minimize bread water loss during ambient storage. It was observed that compared to the treated bread, the untreated bread had significantly higher weight loss and crumb firmness after 14 days of ambient storage. A large array of materials was tested, among which hydrophobic coatings were shown to have the highest moisture barrier efficiency. In particular, the 20% candelilla wax coating (solution of 20% candelilla wax in sunflower oil), 20% beeswax coating (solution of 20% beeswax in sunflower oil) and HPMC oleogel coating (coating containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose oleogel) were proved to be most effective, thanks to their low affinity with water and low water vapor permeability. The application of the 20% candelilla wax coating resulted in reductions of the bread weight loss from about 30 to 13% and the crumb firmness from above 500 to 34 N after a storage period of 14 days. In addition, it was noted that the enzymatic and chemical crust modifications yielded moderately good results, but showed a significantly altered appearance of the bread crust. Wax coating as edible food coating is used to inhibit bread staling. Moisture barrier by the wax coating is applied to the bread crust. Coatings significantly minimize the bread weight loss and crust hardening. Crust morphology is monitored by micro-CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Theodoros Gavaliatsis
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Kuster
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Fischer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erich J Windhab
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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