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dos Reis RS, Simão F, dos Santos Stange V, Garcia FM, Spinassé Dettogni R, Stur E, da Silva AMÁ, de Carvalho EF, Gusmão L, Drumond Louro I. A view of the maternal inheritance of Espírito Santo populations: The contrast between the admixed and Pomeranian descent groups. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 40:175-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mitochondrial DNA genetic diversity and LCT-13910 and deltaF508 CFTR alleles typing in the medieval sample from Poland. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2015; 66:229-50. [PMID: 25896719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We attempted to confirm the resemblance of a local medieval population and to reconstruct their contribution to the formation of the modern Polish population at the DNA level. The HVR I mtDNA sequence and two nuclear alleles, LCT-13910C/T SNP and deltaF508 CFTR, were chosen as markers since the distribution of selected nuclear alleles varies among ethnic groups. A total of 47 specimens were selected from a medieval cemetery in Cedynia (located in the western Polish lowland). Regarding the HVR I profile, the analyzed population differed from the present-day population (P = 0.045, F(st) = 0.0103), in contrast to lactase persistence (LP) based on the LCT-13910T allele, thus indicating the lack of notable frequency changes of this allele during the last millennium (P = 0.141). The sequence of the HVR I mtDNA fragment allowed to identify six major haplogroups including H, U5, T, K, and HV0 within the medieval population of Cedynia which are common in today's central Europe. An analysis of haplogroup frequency and its comparison with modern European populations shows that the studied medieval population is more closely related to Finno-Ugric populations than to the present Polish population. Identification of less common haplogroups, i.e., Z and U2, both atypical of the modern Polish population and of Asian origin, provides evidence for some kind of connections between the studied and foreign populations. Furthermore, a comparison of the available aDNA sequences from medieval Europe suggests that populations differed from one another and a number of data from other locations are required to find out more about the features of the medieval gene pool profile.
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Messina F, Finocchio A, Rolfo MF, De Angelis F, Rapone C, Coletta M, Martínez-Labarga C, Biondi G, Berti A, Rickards O. Traces of forgotten historical events in mountain communities in Central Italy: A genetic insight. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 27:508-19. [PMID: 25728801 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Analysis of human genetic variation in mountain communities can shed light on the peopling of mountainous regions, perhaps revealing whether the remote geographic location spared them from outside invasion and preserved their gene pool from admixture. In this study, we created a model to assess genetic traces of historical events by reconstructing the paternal and maternal genetic history of seven small mountain villages in inland valleys of Central Italy. METHODS The communities were selected for their geographic isolation, attested biodemographic stability, and documented history prior to the Roman conquest. We studied the genetic structure by analyzing two hypervariable segments (HVS-I and HVS-II) of the mtDNA D-loop and several informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the mtDNA coding region in 346 individuals, in addition to 17 short tandem repeats (STRs) and Y-chromosome SNPs in 237 male individuals. RESULTS For both uniparental markers, most of the haplogroups originated in Western Europe while some Near Eastern haplogroups were identified at low frequencies. However, there was an evident genetic similarity between the Central Italian samples and Near Eastern populations mainly in the male genetic pool. CONCLUSIONS The samples highlight an overall European genetic pattern both for mtDNA and Y chromosome. Notwithstanding this scenario, Y chromosome haplogroup Q, a common paternal lineage in Central/Western Asia but almost Europe-wide absent, was found, suggesting that Central Italy could have hosted a settlement from Anatolia that might be supported by cultural, topographic and genetic evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Messina
- Department of Biology, Center of Molecular Anthropology for ancient DNA study, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Finocchio
- Department of Biology, Center of Molecular Anthropology for ancient DNA study, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Federico Rolfo
- Department of Historical, Philosophical and Social Sciences, Cultural and Territory Heritage, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via Columbia n. 1, 00173, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio De Angelis
- Department of Biology, Center of Molecular Anthropology for ancient DNA study, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Rapone
- Carabinieri, Scientific Investigation Department, Viale di Tor di Quinto 151, 00191, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Coletta
- Department of Biology, Center of Molecular Anthropology for ancient DNA study, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Martínez-Labarga
- Department of Biology, Center of Molecular Anthropology for ancient DNA study, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Biondi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67010, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Berti
- Carabinieri, Scientific Investigation Department, Viale di Tor di Quinto 151, 00191, Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Rickards
- Department of Biology, Center of Molecular Anthropology for ancient DNA study, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
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Hervella M, Izagirre N, Alonso S, Ioana M, Netea MG, de-la-Rua C. The Carpathian range represents a weak genetic barrier in South-East Europe. BMC Genet 2014; 15:56. [PMID: 24885208 PMCID: PMC4050216 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the present study we have assessed whether the Carpathian Mountains represent a genetic barrier in East Europe. Therefore, we have analyzed the mtDNA of 128 native individuals of Romania: 62 of them from the North of Romania, and 66 from South Romania. Results We have analyzed their mtDNA variability in the context of other European and Near Eastern populations through multivariate analyses. The results show that regarding the mtDNA haplogroup and haplotype distributions the Romanian groups living outside the Carpathian range (South Romania) displayed some degree of genetic differentiation compared to those living within the Carpahian range (North Romania). Conclusion The main differentiation between the mtDNA variability of the groups from North and South Romania can be attributed to the demographic movements from East to West (prehistoric or historic) that differently affected in these regions, suggesting that the Carpathian mountain range represents a weak genetic barrier in South-East Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Concepción de-la-Rua
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena s/n 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Morozova I, Evsyukov A, Kon'kov A, Grosheva A, Zhukova O, Rychkov S. Russian ethnic history inferred from mitochondrial DNA diversity. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 147:341-51. [PMID: 22183855 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of gaining insight into the genetic history of the Russians, we have studied mitochondrial DNA diversity among a number of modern Russian populations. Polymorphisms in mtDNA markers (HVS-I and restriction sites of the coding region) of populations from 14 regions within present-day European Russia were investigated. Based on analysis of the mitochondrial gene pool geographic structure, we have identified three different elements in it and a vast "intermediate" zone between them. The analysis of the genetic distances from these elements to the European ethnic groups revealed the main causes of the Russian mitochondrial gene pool differentiation. The investigation of this pattern in historic perspective showed that the structure of the mitochondrial gene pool of the present-day Russians largely conforms to the tribal structure of the medieval Slavs who laid the foundation of modern Russians. Our results indicate that the formation of the genetic diversity currently observed among Russians can be traced to the second half of the first millennium A.D., the time of the colonization of the East European Plain by the Slavic tribes. Patterns of diversity are explained by both the impact of the native population of the East European Plain and by genetic differences among the early Slavs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Morozova
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Vieira AR, Pliss L, Pelnena I, Krumina A, Baumanis V, Lace B. Mitochondrial DNA origins of the Latvian clefting population. Mitochondrion 2011; 11:357-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zoossmann-Diskin A. The origin of Eastern European Jews revealed by autosomal, sex chromosomal and mtDNA polymorphisms. Biol Direct 2010; 5:57. [PMID: 20925954 PMCID: PMC2964539 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6150-5-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to establish the likely origin of EEJ (Eastern European Jews) by genetic distance analysis of autosomal markers and haplogroups on the X and Y chromosomes and mtDNA. Results According to the autosomal polymorphisms the investigated Jewish populations do not share a common origin, and EEJ are closer to Italians in particular and to Europeans in general than to the other Jewish populations. The similarity of EEJ to Italians and Europeans is also supported by the X chromosomal haplogroups. In contrast according to the Y-chromosomal haplogroups EEJ are closest to the non-Jewish populations of the Eastern Mediterranean. MtDNA shows a mixed pattern, but overall EEJ are more distant from most populations and hold a marginal rather than a central position. The autosomal genetic distance matrix has a very high correlation (0.789) with geography, whereas the X-chromosomal, Y-chromosomal and mtDNA matrices have a lower correlation (0.540, 0.395 and 0.641 respectively). Conclusions The close genetic resemblance to Italians accords with the historical presumption that Ashkenazi Jews started their migrations across Europe in Italy and with historical evidence that conversion to Judaism was common in ancient Rome. The reasons for the discrepancy between the biparental markers and the uniparental markers are discussed. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Damian Labuda (nominated by Jerzy Jurka), Kateryna Makova and Qasim Ayub (nominated by Dan Graur).
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Affiliation(s)
- Avshalom Zoossmann-Diskin
- Department of Haematology and Genetic Pathology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
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Fregel R, Pestano J, Arnay M, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, González AM. The maternal aborigine colonization of La Palma (Canary Islands). Eur J Hum Genet 2009; 17:1314-24. [PMID: 19337312 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth from 38 aboriginal remains of La Palma (Canary Islands) were analyzed for external and endogenous mitochondrial DNA control region sequences and for diagnostic coding positions. Informative sequences were obtained from 30 individuals (78.9%). The majority of lineages (93%) were from West Eurasian origin, being the rest (7%) from sub-Saharan African ascription. The bulk of the aboriginal haplotypes had exact matches in North Africa (70%). However, the indigenous Canarian sub-type U6b1, also detected in La Palma, has not yet been found in North Africa, the cradle of the U6 expansion. The most abundant H1 clade in La Palma, defined by transition 16260, is also very rare in North Africa. This means that the exact region from which the ancestors of the Canarian aborigines came has not yet been sampled or that they have been replaced by later human migrations. The high gene diversity found in La Palma (95.2+/-2.3), which is one of the farthest islands from the African continent, is of the same level than the previously found in the central island of Tenerife (92.4+/-2.8). This is against the supposition that the islands were colonized from the continent by island hopping and posterior isolation. On the other hand, the great similarity found between the aboriginal populations of La Palma and Tenerife is against the idea of an island-by-island independent maritime colonization without secondary contacts. Our data better fit to an island model with frequent migrations between islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fregel
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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Guerreiro-Junior V, Bisso-Machado R, Marrero A, Hünemeier T, Salzano FM, Bortolini MC. Genetic signatures of parental contribution in black and white populations in Brazil. Genet Mol Biol 2009; 32:1-11. [PMID: 21637639 PMCID: PMC3032968 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572009005000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Two hundred and three individuals classified as white were tested for 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms plus two insertion/deletions in their Y-chromosomes. A subset of these individuals (n = 172) was also screened for sequences in the first hypervariable segment of their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In addition, complementary studies were done for 11 of the 13 markers indicated above in 54 of 107 black subjects previously investigated in this southern Brazilian population. The prevalence of Y-chromosome haplogroups among whites was similar to that found in the Azores (Portugal) or Spain, but not to that of other European countries. About half of the European or African mtDNA haplogroups of these individuals were related to their places of origin, but not their Amerindian counterparts. Persons classified in these two categories of skin color and related morphological traits showed distinct genomic ancestries through the country. These findings emphasize the need to consider in Brazil, despite some general trends, a notable heterogeneity in the pattern of admixture dynamics within and between populations/groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanderlei Guerreiro-Junior
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
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Alzualde A, Izagirre N, Alonso S, Alonso A, Albarrán C, Azkarate A, de la Rúa C. Insights into the "isolation" of the Basques: mtDNA lineages from the historical site of Aldaieta (6th-7th centuries AD). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2007; 130:394-404. [PMID: 16425179 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the hypervariable region I (HVR-I) sequence variability of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of individuals buried at Aldaieta (6th-7th centuries AD) in order to find out more about the biosocial implications of this cemetery. The results, fully authenticated by means of diverse criteria (analysis of duplicates, replication in an independent laboratory, quantification of target DNA, and sequencing and cloning of polymerase chain reaction products), suggest that Aldaieta largely consists of autochthonous individuals who shared common funereal customs with the late Ancient North Pyrenean cemeteries of Western Europe (the Reihengräberfelder), a cultural influence possibly accompanied by a certain genetic flow. Furthermore, the distribution of mtDNA lineages in the cemetery highlighted the existence of a significant number of family relationships, supporting the belief that it was a stable settlement and not a group that had haphazardly settled in the area. Finally, this paper stresses the importance of ancient DNA data for reconstructing the biological history of human populations, rendering it possible to verify certain hypotheses based solely on current population data. The presence at Aldaieta of an mtDNA lineage originating in Northwest Africa testifies to the existence of contact between the Iberian Peninsula and Northwest Africa prior to the Moorish occupation. Both this latter discovery and the high frequency of haplogroup J at the Aldaieta cemetery raise questions about the generally accepted belief that, since ancient times, the influence of other human groups has been very scarce in the Basque Country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Alzualde
- Genetika, Antropologia Fisikoa, eta Animali Fisiologia Saila, Zientzia eta Teknologia Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 48080 Bilbo, Spain
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11
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Rollo F, Ermini L, Luciani S, Marota I, Olivieri C, Luiselli D. Fine characterization of the Iceman's mtDNA haplogroup. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2007; 130:557-64. [PMID: 16425231 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Starting from specimens of the intestinal contents of the so-called Tyrolean Iceman or Otzi (5,350-5,100 years before present), it was possible by polymerase chain reaction to amplify fragments of the human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region that correspond to the sequence found in 1994 at the Munich and Oxford laboratories and which had been attributed to the original DNA of the mummy. The particularly favorable condition of the specimens, showing very low contamination levels, made it easier to extend the analyses to the coding region, which had not previously been considered. The mtDNA of the European population is currently divided into nine (H, T, U, V, W, X, I, J, and K) main groups (haplogroups). The K haplogroup, in particular, is composed of two (K1 and K2) subclusters. The results demonstrate that the Iceman's mtDNA belongs to the K1 subcluster, yet it does not fit any of the three known branches (a, b, and c) into which the K1 subcluster is presently divided. In addition, some other sites, reported to be linked to environmental adaptation or pathologies, were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Rollo
- Laboratorio di Archeo-Antropologia Molecolare/DNA Antico, Dipartimento di Biologia Molecolare, Cellulare e Animale, Università di Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy.
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Asari M, Umetsu K, Adachi N, Azumi JI, Shimizu K, Shiono H. Utility of haplogroup determination for forensic mtDNA analysis in the Japanese population. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2007; 9:237-40. [PMID: 17467322 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sequence analysis of the hypervariable regions (HVRs) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are routinely performed in forensic casework, however, there are still issues to be resolved, such as the existence of multiple errors in published databases or the limitations of individual discrimination in certain populations. Here, we analyzed the coding region of mtDNA in detail by examining 36 haplogroup (HG)-defining single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using amplified product-length polymorphisms (APLP) method in conjunction with sequence analysis of HVR1 and HVR2 to establish a methodology for forensically reliable and practical mtDNA testing. The mtDNAs from 217 unrelated Japanese were examined and could be classified into 27 haplogroups. By combining the data of the coding region with those of HVRs, genetic diversity was slightly increased from 0.9817 to 0.9888 for HVR1/HG and from 0.9967 to 0.9970 for HVR1/HVR2/HG, as compared to the results of HVRs only. Moreover, in most cases, reliability of the HVR data could be confirmed by haplogroup motif analysis. Our mtDNA profiling method can provide reliable data in a time and cost-saving way due to the rapid and economical nature of APLP analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Asari
- Department of Legal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical College, 2-1 Midorigaokahigashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.
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Brandstätter A, Klein R, Duftner N, Wiegand P, Parson W. Application of a quasi-median network analysis for the visualization of character conflicts to a population sample of mitochondrial DNA control region sequences from southern Germany (Ulm). Int J Legal Med 2006; 120:310-4. [PMID: 16871406 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-006-0114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Entire mtDNA control region sequences from 100 individuals in a west Eurasian population sample from southern Germany (around the city of Ulm) were generated and analyzed. The control region was amplified in one piece and sequenced with ten different sequencing primers. Sequence evaluation was performed independently. Phylogenetic analyses were used for quality assurance purposes and for the determination of the haplogroup affiliation of the samples. The sequences were scrutinized performing a quasi-median network analysis. To visualize character conflicts, frequent mutations were filtered, and the reduced data were represented by the torso of their quasi-median network. Character incompatibilities were found to be based on real biological patterns of homoplasy. The population data will be incorporated in the EMPOP database ( http://www.empop.org ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Brandstätter
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Müllerstrasse 44, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
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Salas A, Carracedo A, Macaulay V, Richards M, Bandelt HJ. A practical guide to mitochondrial DNA error prevention in clinical, forensic, and population genetics. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 335:891-9. [PMID: 16102729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.07.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2005] [Accepted: 07/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several suggestions have been made for avoiding errors in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing and documentation. Unfortunately, the current clinical, forensic, and population genetic literature on mtDNA still delivers a large number of studies with flawed sequence data, which, in extreme cases, damage the whole message of a study. The phylogenetic approach has been shown to be useful for pinpointing most of the errors. However, many geneticists, especially in the forensic and medical fields, are not familiar with either effective search strategies or the evolutionary terminology. We here provide a manual that should help prevent errors at any stage by re-examining data fresh from the sequencer in the light of previously published data. A fictitious case study of a European mtDNA data set (albeit composed from the literature) then demonstrates the steps one has to go through in order to assess the quality of sequencing and documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Salas
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Medicina Legal, Facultade de Medicina, 15782 Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro Nacional de Xenotipado (CeGen), Hospital Clínico Universitario, 15706 Galicia, Spain.
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Morozova IY, Naumova OY, Rychkov SY, Zhukova OV. Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphism in Russian Population form Five Oblasts of the European Part of Russia. RUSS J GENET+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11177-005-0197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bandelt HJ. Mosaics of ancient mitochondrial DNA: positive indicators of nonauthenticity. Eur J Hum Genet 2005; 13:1106-12. [PMID: 16077732 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into ancient mitochondrial DNA is plagued by contamination, post mortem damage, and other artefacts. The stringent set of controls suggested by Cooper and Poinar a few years ago are, however, rarely followed in practice, and even when applied carefully, these criteria need not be sufficient to guarantee authenticity. The fairly relaxed prerequisites now common for ancient population studies have opened the door for all kinds of contamination and sequencing errors to enter ancient mtDNA data. To reject or question authenticity of particular sequencing results a posteriori, one can follow similar strategies of focused database comparisons that have proven to be effective and successful in the case of flawed modern mtDNA data.
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Bandelt HJ, Salas A, Lutz-Bonengel S. Artificial recombination in forensic mtDNA population databases. Int J Legal Med 2005; 118:267-73. [PMID: 15257464 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-004-0455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Artificial recombination of two or more mitochondrial DNA fragments from different samples would constitute a serious cause of error in forensic DNA typing, and yet one can demonstrate that such events have happened in the preparation of several published mtDNA databases. Focussed database searches, phylogenetic analysis, and network representations can highlight mosaic patterns and thus pinpoint sample mix-up. Therefore, we suggest that this approach should be applied to data prior to publication in order to uncover such errors in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Bandelt
- Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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Poetsch M, Wittig H, Krause D, Lignitz E. The impact of mtDNA analysis between positions nt8306 and nt9021 for forensic casework. Mitochondrion 2003; 3:133-7. [PMID: 16120352 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2003.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2003] [Revised: 07/24/2003] [Accepted: 08/27/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Identification in forensic casework by mtDNA sequencing is predominantly done by sequencing the non-coding control region (HVI and HVII). In an attempt to further increase the discriminatory power of mtDNA analysis, we sequenced a coding region between nt8306 and nt9021 to identify additional polymorphisms in a group of 61 unrelated German individuals who had mtDNA profiles that occurred more than two times each, as well as a control group of 119 unrelated Germans whose profiles occurred one or two times each. Within these 180 individuals, 38 different polymorphisms in this region were observed; 64.4% of these individuals displayed the Cambridge reference sequence profile plus A8860G. For 28 individuals with the two most common profiles, A263G-315.1insC (N = 18) and A263G-309.1insC-315.1insC (N = 10), additional polymorphisms in this coding region permitted further discrimination of 56 and 40% of the individuals, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Poetsch
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Ernst Moritz Arndt-Universität, Kuhstrasse 30, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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