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Vossen LE, Brunberg R, Rådén P, Winberg S, Roman E. Sex-Specific Effects of Acute Ethanol Exposure on Locomotory Activity and Exploratory Behavior in Adult Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:853936. [PMID: 35721152 PMCID: PMC9201571 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.853936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an established model organism in pharmacology and biomedicine, including in research on alcohol use disorders and alcohol-related disease. In the past 2 decades, zebrafish has been used to study the complex effects of ethanol on the vertebrate brain and behavior in both acute, chronic and developmental exposure paradigms. Sex differences in the neurobehavioral response to ethanol are well documented for humans and rodents, yet no consensus has been reached for zebrafish. Here, we show for the first time that male zebrafish of the AB strain display more severe behavioral impairments than females for equal exposure concentrations. Adult zebrafish were immersed in 0, 1 or 2% (v/v) ethanol for 30 min, after which behavior was individually assessed in the zebrafish Multivariate Concentric Square Field™ (zMCSF) arena. Males exposed to 2% ethanol showed clear signs of sedation, including reduced activity, increased shelter seeking and reduced exploration of shallow zones. The 1% male group displayed effects in the same direction but of smaller magnitude; this group also explored the shallow areas less, but did not show a general reduction in activity nor an increase in shelter seeking. By contrast, 1 and 2% exposed females showed no alterations in explorative behavior. Females exposed to 2% ethanol did not display a general reduction in activity, rather activity gradually increased from hypoactivity to hyperactivity over the course of the test. This mixed stimulatory/depressant effect was only quantifiable when locomotory variables were analyzed over time and was not apparent from averages of the whole 30-min test, which may explain why previous studies failed to detect sex-specific effects on locomotion. Our results emphasize the importance of explicitly including sex and time as factors in pharmacological studies of zebrafish behavior. We hypothesize that the lower sensitivity of female zebrafish to ethanol may be explained by their greater body weight and associated larger distribution volume for ethanol, which may render lower brain ethanol concentrations in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Vossen
- Division of Anatomy and Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ronja Brunberg
- Neuropharmacology, Addiction and Behavior, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pontus Rådén
- Neuropharmacology, Addiction and Behavior, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Svante Winberg
- Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erika Roman
- Division of Anatomy and Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Neuropharmacology, Addiction and Behavior, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Martínez-Maldonado A, Verdejo-Román J, Sion A, Rubio G, Pérez-García M, Jurado-Barba R. Effect of chronic alcohol consumption on brain structure in males with alcohol use disorder without a familiar history of alcoholism. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 149:210-216. [PMID: 35287051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Structural brain damages caused by chronic alcohol consumption have been extensively reported. However, the neuroimaging findings in people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) are relatively inconsistent. This inconsistency may be due to the influence of different variables that are not always considered, such as the presence of a family history of alcoholism (FHA). The main aim of this research is to study the gray (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes in male participants with AUD without FHA compared to healthy control males (HC) without FHA. For this study, we included 19 participants with AUD without FHA and 18 HC males without FHA. T1-weighted images were acquired with a General Electric Signa Exite 1.5 T scanner. GM and WM tissues were calculated using Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration Through Exponentiated Lie algebra (DARTEL). All analyses were controlled for age and total brain volume. The statistical threshold was calculated with AlphaSim and further adjusted to account for the non-isotropic smoothness of structural images, according to Hayasaka et al. (2004). The obtained main results showed that, relative to the HC group, the participants with AUD without FHA had significantly lower GM in several brain structures, reflecting relatively purely the effects of chronic alcohol intake on brain volume. GM structure integrity is relevant for the efficient functioning of low and high-order cognitive processes used in everyday life, and its damage seems to be related to the severity/intensity/chronicity of the AUD. As such, it becomes relevant to assess and follow brain structural changes through the dependence course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Martínez-Maldonado
- Biomedical Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Psychology Department, Faculty of Education & Health, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Verdejo-Román
- The Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center at the University of Granada, Granada, Spain; School of Psychology, Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, The University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Sion
- Biomedical Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Biomedical Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, The Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Addictive Diseases Network, C' arlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Pérez-García
- The Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center at the University of Granada, Granada, Spain; School of Psychology, Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, The University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosa Jurado-Barba
- Biomedical Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Psychology Department, Faculty of Education & Health, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Greaves L, Poole N, Brabete AC. Sex, Gender, and Alcohol Use: Implications for Women and Low-Risk Drinking Guidelines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084523. [PMID: 35457389 PMCID: PMC9028341 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use is coming under increasing scrutiny with respect to its health impacts on the body. In this vein, several high-income countries have issued low-risk drinking guidelines in the past decade, aiming to educate the public on safer levels of alcohol use. Research on the sex-specific health effects of alcohol has indicated higher damage with lower amounts of alcohol for females as well as overall sex differences in the pharmacokinetics of alcohol in male and female bodies. Research on gender-related factors, while culturally dependent, indicates increased susceptibility to sexual assault and intimate partner violence as well as more negative gender norms and stereotypes about alcohol use for women. Sex- and gender-specific guidelines have been issued in some countries, suggesting lower amounts of alcohol consumption for women than men; however, in other countries, sex- and gender-blind advice has been issued. This article reports on a synthesis of the evidence on both sex- and gender-related factors affecting safer levels of drinking alcohol with an emphasis on women’s use. We conclude that supporting and expanding the development of sex- and gender-specific low-risk drinking guidelines offers more nuanced and educative information to clinicians and consumers and will particularly benefit women and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Greaves
- Centre of Excellence for Women’s Health, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada;
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Nancy Poole
- Centre of Excellence for Women’s Health, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada;
| | - Andreea C. Brabete
- Centre of Excellence for Women’s Health, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada;
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (A.C.B.)
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4
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Flores-Bonilla A, De Oliveira B, Silva-Gotay A, Lucier KW, Richardson HN. Shortening time for access to alcohol drives up front-loading behavior, bringing consumption in male rats to the level of females. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:51. [PMID: 34526108 PMCID: PMC8444481 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-021-00395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Incentives to promote drinking (“happy hour”) can encourage faster rates of alcohol consumption, especially in women. Sex differences in drinking dynamics may underlie differential health vulnerabilities relating to alcohol in women versus men. Herein, we used operant procedures to model the happy hour effect and gain insight into the alcohol drinking dynamics of male and female rats. Methods Adult male and female Wistar rats underwent operant training to promote voluntary drinking of 10% (w/v) alcohol (8 rats/sex). We tested how drinking patterns changed after manipulating the effort required for alcohol (fixed ratio, FR), as well as the length of time in which rats had access to alcohol (self-administration session length). Rats were tested twice within the 12 h of the dark cycle, first at 2 h (early phase of the dark cycle, “early sessions”) and then again at 10 h into the dark cycle (late phase of the dark cycle, “late sessions”) with an 8-h break between the two sessions in the home cage. Results Adult females consumed significantly more alcohol (g/kg) than males in the 30-min sessions with the FR1 schedule of reinforcement when tested late in the dark cycle. Front-loading of alcohol was the primary factor driving higher consumption in females. Changing the schedule of reinforcement from FR1 to FR3 reduced total consumption. Notably, this manipulation had minimal effect on front-loading behavior in females, whereas front-loading behavior was significantly reduced in males when more effort was required to access alcohol. Compressing drinking access to 15 min to model a happy hour drove up front-loading behavior, generating alcohol drinking patterns in males that were similar to patterns in females (faster drinking and higher intake). Conclusions This strategy could be useful for exploring sex differences in the neural mechanisms underlying alcohol drinking and related health vulnerabilities. Our findings also highlight the importance of the time of testing for detecting sex differences in drinking behavior. Voluntary alcohol drinking is higher in adult female rats compared to adult male rats. This sex difference is most pronounced in the later phase of the dark cycle, and when the operant effort is minimal (when 1 lever press gives 1 reward: fixed ratio 1, FR1). Higher alcohol intake in females is primarily due to “front-loading”, or the rapid consumption of alcohol within the first 5 min of access. Increasing the effort required to obtain alcohol from FR1 to FR3 dampens front-loading drinking behavior, resulting in similar levels of total intake in males and females. Compressing the time of access to 15 min drives up front-loading to such a degree that rats end up consuming more alcohol in total than they do in 30-min sessions. In males, this increase in drinking is large enough that it eliminates the sex difference in total alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Flores-Bonilla
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Barbara De Oliveira
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Andrea Silva-Gotay
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Kyle W Lucier
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Heather N Richardson
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA. .,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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5
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Sion A, Bruña Fernández R, Martínez Maldonado A, Domínguez Centeno I, Torrado‐Carvajal A, Rubio G, Pereda E, Jurado‐Barba R. Resting‐state connectivity and network parameter analysis in alcohol‐dependent males. A simultaneous EEG‐MEG study. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:1857-1876. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sion
- 12 de Octubre Biomedical Research Institute Madrid Spain
| | - Ricardo Bruña Fernández
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB) Madrid Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Madrid Spain
| | | | - Isabel Domínguez Centeno
- 12 de Octubre Biomedical Research Institute Madrid Spain
- Psychology Department, Health Science Faculty Camilo José Cela University Madrid Spain
| | - Angel Torrado‐Carvajal
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Medical Image Analysis and Biometry Laboratory Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Madrid Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- 12 de Octubre Biomedical Research Institute Madrid Spain
- 12 de Octubre Hospital Madrid Spain
- Medicine Faculty Complutense de Madrid University Madrid Spain
- Addictive Disorders Network (Red de Trastornos adictivos, RETIS) Carlos III Institute Madrid Spain
| | - Ernesto Pereda
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB) Madrid Spain
- Department of Industrial Engineering & IUNE Universidad de la Laguna San Cristóbal de La Laguna Spain
| | - Rosa Jurado‐Barba
- 12 de Octubre Biomedical Research Institute Madrid Spain
- Psychology Department, Health Science Faculty Camilo José Cela University Madrid Spain
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6
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Ruby CL, Paye G, Fabi JL, Zhang J, Risinger MO, Palmer KN, Verbanes NM, D'Angelo A, Watts TM, Mabe L, Swartzwelder HS. Sex Differences in Photic Entrainment and Sensitivity to Ethanol-Induced Chronodisruption in Adult Mice After Adolescent Intermittent Ethanol Exposure. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:2144-2159. [PMID: 30102762 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence supports a role for the circadian system in alcohol use disorders, but the impact of adolescent alcohol exposure on circadian timing later in life is unknown. Acute ethanol (EtOH) attenuates circadian photic phase-resetting in adult, but not adolescent, rodents. However, nearly all studies have focused on males and it is unknown whether this adolescent-typical insensitivity to EtOH persists into adulthood after adolescent drinking. METHODS Circadian activity was monitored in C57BL/6J mice receiving adolescent intermittent EtOH (AIE) exposure (15% EtOH and water every other day throughout adolescence) or water alone followed by 24 days wherein EtOH was not available (washout). Mice then received a challenge dose of EtOH (1.5 g/kg, intraperitoneal) or saline 15 minutes prior to a 30-minute phase-delaying light pulse and then were released into constant darkness (DD). To control for possible phase-shifting by EtOH challenge alone, a separate group of mice underwent AIE exposure (or water-only) and washout and then received an EtOH or saline injection, but did not receive a light pulse prior to DD. RESULTS Striking sex differences in nearly all measures of circadian photic entrainment were observed during adolescence but AIE effects were subtle and few. Only EtOH-naïve adult male mice showed attenuated photic phase-shifts with EtOH challenge, while all other groups showed normal phase-resetting responses to light. AIE-exposed females showed a persistent delay in activity offset. CONCLUSIONS Adult male AIE-exposed mice retained adolescent-like insensitivity to EtOH-induced suppression of photic phase-resetting, suggesting AIE-induced "lock-in" of an adolescent behavioral phenotype. Adult AIE-exposed females showed delayed initiation of the rest phase. Our results also indicate that intermittent EtOH drinking has subtle effects on circadian activity in mice during adolescence that differ from previously reported effects on adult males. The observed sex differences in circadian activity, EtOH consumption and preference, and responses to EtOH challenge merit future mechanistic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Ruby
- Department of Biology , Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Gerneleh Paye
- Department of Biology , Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason L Fabi
- Department of Biology , Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Biology , Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Megan O Risinger
- Department of Biology , Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Kaitlyn N Palmer
- Department of Biology , Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Natalie M Verbanes
- Department of Biology , Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Ariana D'Angelo
- Department of Biology , Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Tia M Watts
- Department of Biology , Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren Mabe
- Department of Biology , Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - H Scott Swartzwelder
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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7
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Ikeda T, Miyamoto K, Tani N, Oritani S, Michiue T, Morioka F, Ishikawa T. Forensic evaluation of sex estimation via measurements of adult index and ring finger lengths using postmortem computed tomography. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-018-0075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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8
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Chigurupati H, Auddy B, Biyani M, Chakrabarti S, Stohs SJ. Prevention of alcohol-induced DNA damage by a proprietary glycyrrhizin/D-mannitol product: A randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over human study. Alcohol 2018; 69:33-39. [PMID: 29609113 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the ability of a proprietary combination of glycyrrhizin and D-mannitol to protect against oxidative damage to DNA associated with acute alcohol consumption by human subjects in a randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over designed study. Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with numerous diseases. Alcohol has been shown to generate reactive oxygen species that can result in DNA damage, leading to genetic and epigenetic changes. METHODS A total of 25 subjects (13 male and 12 female) were enrolled. Alcohol intake in the form of vodka (40% ethanol) was adjusted based on 1.275 g of 100% ethanol/kg body weight for men and 1.020 g/kg body weight for women, which was consumed with and without the study product. Blood samples were drawn at 2 h after alcohol consumption, lymphocytes were isolated, and were subjected to DNA comet electrophoresis on a blinded basis. RESULTS Acute alcohol consumption increased lymphocyte DNA damage by approximately 8.36%. Co-consumption of the glycyrrhizin/D-mannitol study product with alcohol reduced DNA damage to baseline levels. No adverse effects were associated with use of the study product, and no differences were observed in blood alcohol concentrations in the presence or absence of the study product in males and females. CONCLUSIONS Acute alcohol ingestion resulted in measurable increases in DNA damage, which were prevented by the addition of the proprietary glycyrrhizin/D-mannitol (NTX®) study product to the alcohol, suggesting that the tissue-damaging effects of alcohol consumption can be ameliorated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Biswajit Auddy
- Chigurupati Technologies Private Limited, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manish Biyani
- Chigurupati Technologies Private Limited, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Sidney J Stohs
- Creighton University, 7068 Maumee Valley Court, Frisco, TX 75034, United States.
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9
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Andrade JDS, Rocha CE, Maciel MAV, Santana DCASD, Santana FJMD. Prevalence and risk of potentially adverse drug interactions in the treatment of acute alcohol poisoning. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to determine the profile of acute alcohol poisoning and to estimate the risk of potentially adverse drug interactions (ADIs) in patients intoxicated by alcohol when attended in emergency care at hospital. A descriptive serial cross-sectional study was performed with 4,271 individuals intoxicated by alcohol, from January 2009 to July 2011. Possible correlations were measured by Pearson's chi-square test. The data show high consumption in the population, especially in males between 25 and 59 years. The main circumstances for poisoning were alcohol misuse (96.3%). After treatment complete recovery from the signs or symptoms of the poisoning was observed in 96.88% cases; and death in 0.70%. The demonstration of potential risk for ADIs in medical care included 300 medical records which contained a history of acute alcohol poisoning. Possible drug-drug interactions (44.2%) and drug-alcohol interactions (55.8%) were demonstrated in 60.60% of analyzed medical records. Among these cases, 3%, 92.4% and 4.6% were classified as mild, moderate and severe, respectively. The measurement of ADIs aims to prevent clinical complications in medical care for alcohol misuse disorders.
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10
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Erol A, Karpyak VM. Sex and gender-related differences in alcohol use and its consequences: Contemporary knowledge and future research considerations. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 156:1-13. [PMID: 26371405 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 543] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To review the contemporary evidence reflecting male/female differences in alcohol use and its consequences along with the biological (sex-related) and psycho-socio-cultural (gender-related) factors associated with those differences. METHODS MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched for relevant publications, which were subsequently screened for the presence/absence of pre-specified criteria for high quality evidence. RESULTS Compared to men, more women are lifetime abstainers, drink less, and are less likely to engage in problem drinking, develop alcohol-related disorders or alcohol withdrawal symptoms. However, women drinking excessively develop more medical problems. Biological (sex-related) factors, including differences in alcohol pharmacokinetics as well as its effect on brain function and the levels of sex hormones may contribute to some of those differences. In addition, differences in alcohol effects on behavior may also be driven by psycho-socio-cultural (gender-related) factors. This is evident by variation in the magnitude of differences in alcohol use between countries, decreasing difference in the rates of alcohol consumption in recent generations and other findings. Evidence indicates that both sex and gender-related factors are interacting with alcohol use in complex manner, which differentially impacts the risk for development of the behavioral or medical problems and alcohol use disorders in men and women. CONCLUSIONS Discovery of the mechanisms underlying biological (sex-related) as well as psycho-socio-cultural (gender-related) differences in alcohol use and related disorders is needed for development of personalized recommendations for prevention and treatment of alcohol use disorders and related problems in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almila Erol
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Basinsitesi, Izmir 35250, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 200 First Stret SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Victor M Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Basinsitesi, Izmir 35250, Turkey.
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11
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Fowke JH, Howard L, Andriole GL, Freedland SJ. Alcohol intake increases high-grade prostate cancer risk among men taking dutasteride in the REDUCE trial. Eur Urol 2014; 66:1133-8. [PMID: 24568894 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although most studies found no association between alcohol intake and prostate cancer (PCa) risk, an analysis of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial found that high alcohol intake significantly increased PCa risk among men randomized to the 5α-reductase inhibitor (5-ARI) finasteride. OBJECTIVE Determine whether alcohol affects PCa risk among men taking the 5-ARI dutasteride. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events was a 4-yr, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to compare PCa after dutasteride administration (0.5mg/d) with placebo. Participants had a baseline prostate-specific antigen between 2.5 and 10.0 ng/ml and a recent negative prostate biopsy. Alcohol intake was determined by baseline questionnaire, and participants underwent a prostate biopsy to determine PCa status at 2 yr and 4 yr of follow-up. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between alcohol intake and low-grade (Gleason <7) and high-grade (Gleason >7) PCa. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Of 6374 participants in our analysis, approximately 25% reported no alcohol consumption, 49% were moderate drinkers (one to seven drinks per week), and 26% were heavy drinkers (more than seven drinks per week). Alcohol intake was not associated with low- or high-grade PCa in the placebo arm and was not associated with low-grade PCa among men taking dutasteride. In contrast, men randomized to dutasteride and reporting more than seven drinks per week were 86% more likely to be diagnosed with high-grade PCa (p=0.01). Among alcohol abstainers, dutasteride was associated with significantly reduced risk of high-grade PCa (OR: 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38-0.90), but dutasteride was no longer associated with reduced high-grade PCa among men reporting high alcohol intake (OR: 0.99; 95% CI, 0.67-1.45). CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption negated a protective association between dutasteride and high-grade PCa. PATIENT SUMMARY We confirmed a prior study that alcohol affects PCa prevention in patients taking 5-ARIs. Patients taking 5-ARIs may wish to eliminate alcohol intake if they are concerned about PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay H Fowke
- Division of Epidemiology, Departments of Medicine and Department of Surgical Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Lauren Howard
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Urology Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gerald L Andriole
- Division of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Urology Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Prostate Center, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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12
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Crunelle CL, Yegles M, Nuijs ALNV, Covaci A, De Doncker M, Maudens KE, Sabbe B, Dom G, Lambert WE, Michielsen P, Neels H. Hair ethyl glucuronide levels as a marker for alcohol use and abuse: a review of the current state of the art. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 134:1-11. [PMID: 24239414 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a minor alcohol metabolite that has been proposed as a stable marker in hair to detect and quantify alcohol consumption over long time periods. METHODS We provide an outline of currently available techniques for EtG hair sample analysis and highlight the pitfalls related to data interpretation. The literature of EtG analysis has been reviewed from January 1980 up to August 2013. In addition, we present an overview of the clinical and forensic studies which have used EtG quantification in hair as a marker for alcohol consumption/abstinence and we provide suggestions for future research. RESULTS EtG is a stable marker in hair that can be used to detect and quantify alcohol consumption over long time periods. This alcohol metabolite remains in hair after complete elimination of alcohol. Currently, there are three main analytical techniques used to quantify EtG in hair: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). No standardized protocols are yet available for the analysis of EtG levels in hair samples, and the current protocols vary in sample preparation and extraction procedures. Variables such as hair length, cosmetic treatment, gender, and pathophysiological conditions influence the final results and should be taken into account. CONCLUSIONS EtG quantification in hair is a useful tool for the objective detection of alcohol consumption over extended time periods, but care should be taken when interpreting the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo L Crunelle
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Michel Yegles
- Laboratoire National de Santé - Toxicologie, Université du Luxembourg, 162a, av. Faiencerie, L1511, Luxembourg
| | | | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mireille De Doncker
- Toxicology Laboratory, ZNA Stuivenberg, Lange Beeldekenstraat 267, B2060 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kristof E Maudens
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bernard Sabbe
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Psychiatric Hospital Sint-Norbertus, Stationstraat 22, B2570 Duffel, Belgium
| | - Geert Dom
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Psychiatric Centre Alexian Brothers, Provinciesteenweg 408, B2530 Boechout, Belgium
| | - Willy E Lambert
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter Michielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, B2650 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hugo Neels
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Toxicology Laboratory, ZNA Stuivenberg, Lange Beeldekenstraat 267, B2060 Antwerp, Belgium
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Trillo AD, Merchant RC, Baird JR, Liu T, Nirenberg TD. Sex differences in alcohol misuse and estimated blood alcohol concentrations among emergency department patients: implications for brief interventions. Acad Emerg Med 2012; 19:924-33. [PMID: 22849748 PMCID: PMC3424395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2012.01408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective was to assess the relationship between alcohol use and misuse and patient sex among emergency department (ED) patients by comparing self-reported estimates of quantity and frequency of alcohol use, estimated blood alcohol concentrations (eBACs) when typically drinking and during heavy episodic drinking (binging), and alcohol misuse severity, to understand sex differences in alcohol use and misuse for this population. METHODS The authors surveyed a random sample of nonintoxicated, subcritically ill or injured, 18- to 64-year-old English- or Spanish-speaking patients on randomly selected dates and times at two EDs during July 2009 and August 2009. Participants self-administered a questionnaire about their self-reported alcohol use during a typical month within the past 12 months and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Using the formulae by Matthews and Miller, sex-specific eBACs were calculated for participants according to their reported weight and the number of reported alcoholic drinks consumed on days when typically drinking and on days of heavy episodic (binge) drinking (five or more drinks/occasion for men, four or more drinks for women). Sex-specific alcohol misuse severity levels (low-risk, harmful, hazardous, and dependence) were calculated using AUDIT scores. Wilcoxon rank-sum and Pearson's chi-square tests were used to compare outcomes by sex. Negative binomial regression was used to assess the relationship between sex and the number of drinks consumed on a typical day, the number of days spent drinking and binging, and estimated AUDIT scores. Logistic regression was used to assess the outcome of the presence of binging according to sex. Multinomial logistic regression was used to compare by sex the percentage of days spent drinking and binging in 1 month, eBACs when typically drinking and when binging, and AUDIT at-risk drinking levels. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. All models were adjusted for patient demographic characteristics. RESULTS Of the 513 participants, 52.1% were women, 55.8% were white non-Hispanic, and their median age was 34 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 25 to 46 years). Men reported greater mean alcohol consumption than women when typically drinking (4.3 vs. 3.3 drinks/day; p < 0.001) and during heavy episodic drinking (8.6 vs. 5.3 drinks/occasion; p < 0.001). Men spent more days drinking (IRR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.19 to 1.65) and engaging in heavy episodic drinking (IRR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.31 to 2.17) than women. Additionally, men were more likely to engage in heavy episodic drinking (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.16 to 2.56) than women. However, the mean eBACs for men and women were similar when typically drinking (0.05 vs. 0.06; p < 0.13) and during heavy episodic drinking (0.13 vs. 0.12; p < 0.13). Mean AUDIT scores were greater for men than women (7.5 vs. 5.3; p < 0.001), although alcohol misuse severity levels were similar between men and women (24.4% vs. 26.6% for hazardous, 2.8% vs. 2.2% for harmful, and 6.5% vs. 3.4% for dependence; p < 0.38). CONCLUSIONS Although men drink more than women, women have similar eBACs with comparable levels of alcohol misuse. Women may benefit from recognizing that they are reaching similar levels of intoxication compared to men. Addressing these differences and possible health implications in future ED brief interventions may induce changes in problematic alcohol use among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis D Trillo
- Counseling, Education Leadership, and School Psychology Department, Rhode Island College, Providence, RI, USA
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14
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Effects of acute alcohol intoxication on verbal memory in young men as a function of time of day. Physiol Behav 2011; 102:91-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Evidence-based survey of the elimination rates of ethanol from blood with applications in forensic casework. Forensic Sci Int 2010; 200:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Dettling A, Preiss A, Skopp G, Haffner HT. The influence of the luteal and follicular phases on major pharmacokinetic parameters of blood and breath alcohol kinetics in women. Alcohol 2010; 44:315-21. [PMID: 20570083 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Drink tests involving 14 women were carried out to determine the effects of the menstrual cycle phases on the pharmacokinetics of ethanol. One experiment was carried out in the follicular phase of the cycle and another in the luteal phase, with the estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone levels being determined in both cases. The target concentration was a final blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of approximately 0.08g%. After drinking was completed, concurrent BAC and breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) measurements were carried out at intervals of 10-20min. The ethanol elimination rate was determined by calculating a linear function in the part of the slope that was clearly linear. In addition, the c(0) and Widmark factors r were calculated. In 10 of the volunteers, who had a normal increase in progesterone in the luteal phase, the average hourly elimination rate ss(60) in the follicular phase amounted to 0.0194+/-0.0020g%/h (BAC) and 0.0975+/-0.0068mg/L/h (BrAC), and in the luteal phase to 0.0193+/-0.0031g%/h (BAC) and 0.1026+/-0.0101mg/L/h (BrAC). There was no significant difference. Other pharmacokinetic parameters (c(0) concentrations, Widmark factors r, distribution volumes, maximal BAC, mean absorption rate, time until the peak concentrations were reached) also revealed no significant differences between the blood and breath alcohol levels of the luteal and follicular phases. In addition, no significant correlations were observed between the absolute progesterone level and the respective elimination rates ss(60).
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17
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Guo W, Wang Q, Lanzi G, Luobu O, Ma X, Wang Y, Zhen P, Ji Y, Wei G, Wang Z, Deng W, Zhuoma B, Shi X, Yan C, He C, Liu X, Wu Y, Luo H, Collier DA, Ball D, Li T, Hu X. Interaction among genes influencing ethanol metabolism and sex is association with alcohol use disorders in a Tibet population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:561-569. [PMID: 19655364 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Associations between alcohol use disorders and polymorphisms of genes influencing ethanol metabolism have been widely reported, but gene-gene and gene-sex interaction studies have rarely been examined. Using a set of samples collected during an epidemiological study of alcohol use disorders AUDs in a Tibetan population in China, we performed a case-control study to investigate the relationship between the functional polymorphisms of genes influencing ethanol metabolism and AUDs. The sample included 383 individuals with an AUDIT score >or=10 and 350 control subjects with the AUDIT score <or=5. All participants were genotyped for ALDH2*1/*2, ADH1B*1/*2, and CYP2E1*c1/c2*. Data were analyzed employing an integrated strategy using MDR, SPSS, and UNPHASED software. The MDR analysis showed that the four-factor model including ADH1B*1/*2, ALDH2*1/*2, and CYP2E1*c1/*c2 polymorphisms, and sex was the most accurate model associated with AUDs with the highest OR 3.299. It also revealed that CYP2E1 *c1/*c2 polymorphism interacted significantly with sex. Independent analysis confirmed that both ADH2*2 and ALDH2*2 allele were significantly associated with AUDs (OR: 0.441 for ADH2*2 and 0.137 for ALDH2*2). CYP2E1*c2 was positively associated with AUDs only in males homozygotic for ALDH2*1 and ADH1B*1 (OR: 2.585). Cumulative association analysis showed the number of protective alleles and genotypes were negatively associated with AUDs. In conclusion, ALDH2*2 and ADH1B*2 alleles were not only independently associated with AUDs but also demonstrated cumulative dosage effects. However the positive association between CYP2E1*c2 allele and AUDs might only exist in males homozygotic for ALDH2*1 and ADH1B*1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Guo
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Gongga Lanzi
- Medical School, University of Tibet, Lasha, Tibet, P.R. China
| | - Ouzhu Luobu
- Medical School, University of Tibet, Lasha, Tibet, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yingcheng Wang
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Puo Zhen
- Medical School, University of Tibet, Lasha, Tibet, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Ji
- Department of Science and Technology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Geng Wei
- Department of Mental Health, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lasha, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Basang Zhuoma
- Medical School, University of Tibet, Lasha, Tibet, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- Medical School, University of Tibet, Lasha, Tibet, P.R. China
| | - Chengyin Yan
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Chan He
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiehe Liu
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yuejing Wu
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hongrong Luo
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - David A Collier
- Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK.,SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
| | - David Ball
- SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
| | - Tao Li
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK.,SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
| | - Xun Hu
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK.,SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Brettell
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Cedar Crest College, 100 College Drive, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18104-6196
| | - J. M. Butler
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8312
| | - J. R. Almirall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, Florida 33199
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Taylor AN, Tio DL, Bando JK, Truong AH, Prolo P. Sex Differences in Ethanol-Induced Hypothermia in Ethanol-Naïve and Ethanol-Dependent/Withdrawn Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 33:60-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00811.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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A regression model applied to gender-specific ethanol elimination rates from blood and breath measurements in non-alcoholics. Int J Legal Med 2008; 123:381-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-008-0282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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