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Tambuzzi S, Gentile G, Boracchi M, Andreola S, Zoja R. Colorimetric Barium Detection of Gunshot Residues on Cadaveric Human Skin: A Pilot Application for Forensic Purposes. Acad Forensic Pathol 2024; 14:62-73. [PMID: 38778897 PMCID: PMC11107433 DOI: 10.1177/19253621241240162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Introduction In this study we microscopically investigated, for the first time ever, the colorimetric detectability of barium of gunshot residues (GSR) on cadaveric human skin with gunshot wounds. Methods For this purpose we used two different colorimetric techniques known in the literature, namely 0.2% sodium rhodizonate (Na-R-Ba 0.2%) and sodium rhodizonate in alcoholic environment (Na-R-Ba OH 0.2%). At the same time, we have also coupled it with scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) analysis and the colorimetric study for the detection of lead of GSR. These techniques were applied to 16 victims who died from gunshot injuries, as well as to a control group. Results SEM/EDX demonstrated the presence of lead in all cases and barium in 11 of the 16 cases. The subsequent colorimetric technique with Na-R-Ba 0.2% did not show the barium of GSR in any case, unlike the Na-R-Ba OH 0.2% technique. This latter, in fact, has demonstrated the presence of this metal in 2 cases (18%). No microscopic case of false positive was recorded. Conclusion The evidence obtained with Na-R-Ba OH 0.2% makes this method, applied here for the first time ever, worthy of further study. Meanwhile, although this technique can certainly be applied, it cannot be separated from the contextual colorimetric investigation for lead and the use of more sophisticated techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guendalina Gentile
- Guendalina Gentile, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Milan, Luigi Mangiagalli street, 37, 20133 Milan, Italy,
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2
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Kihara Y, Makino Y, Yokoyama M, Chiba F, Tanaka A, Nakayama SMM, Hayama SI, Ishizuka M, Nolte KB, Iwase H. X-ray analytic microscopy with CT-guided sample extraction to analyze potential projectile fragments in a dead serow. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2023; 63:102257. [PMID: 37068342 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
In forensic pathology, it is important to detect and recover as evidence residual metal particles and projectiles when evaluating potential gunshot wounds. This process can be challenging when the bullets are fragmented. This report presents our experience using multiple modalities to analyze the wound of an illegally killed Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) found in a mountainous region without its head and hind limbs. We performed postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) and necropsy that showed a distant-range gunshot wound of the neck likely created by a centerfire rifle. A postmortem cut through the neck and absent head precluded a complete evaluation. To determine the composition of the metal-like fragments in the neck, sampling and metal analysis were performed in two ways. Samples extracted from the exposed wound surface without CT guidance were analyzed directly using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Samples from the bone, muscles, and cervical cord extracted under CT guidance were analyzed using x-ray analytic microscopy (XGT-9000, HORIBA, Kyoto, Japan). In wound surface samples, silicon and iron were detected as the main components on ICP-MS, suggesting that the materials were gravel. The samples taken under CT guidance and analyzed with XGT-9000 revealed that the high-density CT areas were mainly composed of lead. Combining CT-guided sample extraction and XGT-9000 can be useful for retrieving true projectile fragments and avoiding the confusion created by erroneously sampling non-projectile surface materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kihara
- Laboratory of Shelter Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Yohsuke Makino
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Education and Research Center of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yokoyama
- Analytical Technology Division, Horiba Techno Service Co, Ltd., 2-6 Awajicho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0063, Japan
| | - Fumiko Chiba
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Education and Research Center of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Aki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Shelter Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Kita18, Nishi9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Shin-Ichi Hayama
- Laboratory of Shelter Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Kita18, Nishi9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kurt B Nolte
- Departments of Pathology and Radiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Hirotaro Iwase
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Education and Research Center of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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3
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Levy O, Weiss R, Silchenko A, Levi A. How may analysis of an inner layer of clothing affect the scene reconstruction in a shooting incident? J Forensic Sci 2022; 67:2089-2096. [PMID: 35848718 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Shooting distances are utilized, among other forensic input, to position shooters and victims at the crime scene. Shooting distance estimation is done, mainly under the knowledge or assumption, that no intervening object has been present between the target and the muzzle. In the analysis of clothing items of victims that have been involved in a shootout, it is assumed that most of the marks and materials are left on the outer layers of clothing. The outer layers, not the inner layers, are the first objects the bullet meets. Consequently, undergarments are often disregarded for shooting distance estimation as they are not assumed to contain sufficient information in the form of marks or materials. In light of the above, it is the standard operating procedure in some forensic laboratories not to examine underwear. In this case report, the forensic examiners started by the implementation of standard operating procedures, thus examining only the outer layers of clothing of the victims. A thorough visual examination of the various clothing items led a forensic examiner to decide to extend the standard operating procedures, and try and examine an undergarment of one of the victims as well. The interpretation of examination products led to different scene reconstruction, one that may have led to a different interpretation of evidence. In this case, simply sticking to standard operating procedures might have led to less accurate crime scene reconstruction. This case report comes to stress the importance of thorough inspection of forensic exhibits, and scientific and critical thinking about different scenarios. Moreover, it demonstrates how the case-by-case approach in shooting distance estimation may add meaningful information, and eventually-bring us even closer to the truth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophir Levy
- Toolmark and Materials Laboratory, Division of Identification and Forensic Science, Jerusalemn, Israel
| | - Revital Weiss
- Toolmark and Materials Laboratory, Division of Identification and Forensic Science, Jerusalemn, Israel
| | - Alexander Silchenko
- Toolmark and Materials Laboratory, Division of Identification and Forensic Science, Jerusalemn, Israel
| | - Aviad Levi
- Toolmark and Materials Laboratory, Division of Identification and Forensic Science, Jerusalemn, Israel
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4
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Merli D, Di Trocchio C, Capucciati A, Fabbris S, Profumo A, Cucca L, Donghi M. Bullet contribution to inorganic residue on targets. TALANTA OPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2021.100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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5
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Abedi M, Bonsu DOM, Badu IK, Afoakwah R, Ahuja P. Spectroscopic (analytical) approach to gunshot residue analysis for shooting distance estimation: a systematic review. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-021-00253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The determination of the shooting distance using gunshot residue (GSR) analysis is crucial in the investigation and reconstruction of firearm-related crimes. However, the conventional chemographic method for GSR analysis is destructive and has limited sensitivity and selectivity. While the spectroscopic method has potential in GSR analysis for crime investigation, there is a current lack of consistency in the spectroscopic results obtained for shooting distance estimation via GSR analysis. Addressing such limitations will enhance the forensic capabilities of law enforcement and provide an added advantage to crime laboratories during an investigation. It will also reinforce the use of such spectroscopic data in a criminal investigation.
Main text
We obtained all peer-reviewed articles relevant to shooting distance estimation from searching Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. We specifically searched the databases using the keywords “shooting distance,” “range of fire,” “gunshot residue,” “firearm discharge residue,” and “firearm-related crime” and obtained 3811 records. We further filtered these records using a combination of two basic keywords “gunshot residue” and “shooting distance estimations” yielding 108 papers. Following a careful evaluation of the titles, abstracts, and full texts, 40 original peer-reviewed articles on shooting distance estimation via GSR analysis were included in the study. The forgoing included additional sources (n = 5) we obtained from looking through the reference lists of the forensic articles we found.
Short conclusion
This paper discusses the current scope of research concerning the chemographic and spectroscopic analysis of GSR for shooting distance estimation. It also examines the challenges of these techniques and provides recommendations for future research.
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6
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Wongpakdee T, Buking S, Ratanawimarnwong N, Saetear P, Uraisin K, Wilairat P, Tiyapongpattana W, Nacapricha D. Simple gunshot residue analyses for estimating firing distance: Investigation with four types of fabrics. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 329:111084. [PMID: 34752997 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.111084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This work presents two simple methods for estimating the firing distance from the gunshot residues (GSRs) on fabric targets. Four types of fabric targets, namely twill weave denim cotton-polyester (80/20), jersey knitting 100% cotton, plain weave cotton-polyester (80/20) and plain weave cotton-polyester (60/40), were employed. The firing tests were carried out using these white fabrics as targets at distances of 5-100 cm, respectively. In the first method, digital images of the black GSRs on fabric materials were recorded inside an illuminated box and the inverted gray intensity values were plotted against the firing distances. Since the plots of all fabrics are not significantly different, the estimation of firing distance employs the same exponential curve for all test fabrics. Although simple, the imaging method is not suitable for dark-colored materials. A chemical-based method was therefore developed as an alternative method. In the second method, a small disposable microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) was employed for detecting Pb(II) extracted from the GSRs. The μPAD method uses the measurement of the length of a narrow band of a pink color resulting from reaction between rhodizonate reagent and the Pb(II) extract. The plots indicated that the data of thick denim material are significantly different to other test fabrics which are much thinner. These three fabrics share the same estimation curve. However, it is recommended that the separate estimation curve for denim materials must be used. Both methods are suitable for short range firing distance, no further than 60 cm, since at greater distances the inverted gray intensity and the 'band-length' methods are unable to detect the GSRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinnapong Wongpakdee
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Supatana Buking
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Thailand; Office of Police Forensic Science, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nuanlaor Ratanawimarnwong
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Thailand; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Phoonthawee Saetear
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kanchana Uraisin
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Prapin Wilairat
- Analytical Sciences and National Doping Test Institute, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Warawut Tiyapongpattana
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Thailand; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand.
| | - Duangjai Nacapricha
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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7
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Shrivastava P, Singh BP, Jain SK, Jain VK, Nagpal S. A novel approach to detect barium in gunshot residue using a handheld device: a forensic application. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4379-4389. [PMID: 34523624 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01272j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present manuscript describes an innovative handheld device for the rapid detection of barium (Ba2+) in Gunshot Residue (GSR) based on the use of gold nanomaterials capped with sodium malonate. The method depends on a shift in the Light Scattering Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) peak of malonate capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from 526 nm to 610.5 nm, due to the carboxylate ion aggregation between the metal and the nanoparticles leading to a change in the color. Qualitative detection was realized by the change in the color, while for quantitative analysis a handheld device has been fabricated in-house. The results were then correlated with those of standard known methods such as UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results showed better correlation between the fabricated device and standard methods with R2 = 0.98. It shows a linearity range from 0.01 mg mL-1 to 5 mg mL-1 with a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.2 mg mL-1. Furthermore, GSR samples were collected from cloth piece set at different range of shooting (i.e. 1 ft to 16.40 ft) using different ammunition to detect the presence of Ba2+ with the help of the developed device and results were found similar to those of the known methods. The hand-held device was found to be unaffected by other interfering agents (i.e. Pb2+, Sb3+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Mg2+, As3+, Cr3+, etc.). The results demonstrated here shows high selectivity, sensitivity and rapid method for Ba2+ detection in GSR, showing its greater potentiality in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Shrivastava
- Amity Institute for Advanced Research and Studies (Materials & Devices), Amity University, Noida, UP 201303, India
| | | | | | - Vinod Kumar Jain
- Amity Institute for Advanced Research and Studies (Materials & Devices), Amity University, Noida, UP 201303, India
| | - Suman Nagpal
- Department of Environmental Science, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari, Haryana, India.
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8
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Torimoto R, Ishii C, Sato H, Saito K, Watanabe Y, Ogasawara K, Kubota A, Matsukawa T, Yokoyama K, Kobayashi A, Kimura T, Nakayama SMM, Ikenaka Y, Ishizuka M. Analysis of lead distribution in avian organs by LA-ICP-MS: Study of experimentally lead-exposed ducks and kites. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117086. [PMID: 33848898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead poisoning of wild birds by ingestion of lead ammunition occurs worldwide. Histopathological changes in organs of lead-intoxicated birds are widely known, and lead concentration of each organ is measurable using mass spectrometry. However, detailed lead localization at the suborgan level has remained elusive in lead-exposed birds. Here we investigated the detailed lead localization in organs of experimentally lead-exposed ducks and kites by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). In both the ducks and kites, lead accumulated diffusely in the liver, renal cortex, and brain. Lead accumulation was restricted to the red pulp in the spleen. With regard to species differences in lead distribution patterns, it is noteworthy that intensive lead accumulation was observed in the arterial walls only in the kites. In addition, the distribution of copper in the brain was altered in the lead-exposed ducks. Thus, the present study shows suborgan lead distribution in lead-exposed birds and its differences between avian species for the first time. These findings will provide fundamental information to understand the cellular processes of lead poisoning and the mechanisms of species differences in susceptibility to lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryouta Torimoto
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ishii
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Keisuke Saito
- Institute for Raptor Biomedicine Japan, Hokuto 2-2101, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 084-0922, Japan
| | - Yukiko Watanabe
- Institute for Raptor Biomedicine Japan, Hokuto 2-2101, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 084-0922, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogasawara
- Institute for Raptor Biomedicine Japan, Hokuto 2-2101, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 084-0922, Japan
| | - Ayano Kubota
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takehisa Matsukawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Yokoyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Akasaka 4-1-26, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-8402, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
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9
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A Simple and Rapid Spectrophotometric Method for Nitrite Detection in Small Sample Volumes. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9070161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and environmentally-friendly spectrophotometric method for nitrite detection was developed. Detection was based on a redox reaction with iodide ions in an acidic condition. The reaction was evaluated by detecting the increase in absorbance of the colored product of iodine at 362 nm wavelength. To obtain a good spectrophotometric performance, the iodide ions concentration, hydrochloric acid concentration, and reaction time were optimized. In the optimal condition, the developed spectrophotometric method provided a linear range of 0.0625 to 4.00 mg L−1 (r = 0.9985), reaction time for 10 min, a limit of detection of 25 µg L−1, and a limit of quantitation of 85 µg L−1. This method showed good repeatability (RSD < 9.21%), high sample throughput (9 samples min−1), and good accuracy (recovery = 88 ± 2 to 99.5 ± 0.4%). The method has the potential to be used in crime scene investigations as a rapid screening test for gunshot residue detection via nitrite detection.
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Montoriol R, Guilbeau-Frugier C, Aries S, Onfroy L, Lombardi V, Payré B, Cassard H, Feki N, Telmon N, Savall F. Gunshot residue detection in stagnant water: SEM-EDX or ICP-MS? A preliminary study. J Forensic Sci 2021; 66:1267-1275. [PMID: 33934339 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The identification of gunshot residue (GSR) on wounds enables the differentiation of entry and exit wounds. Unfortunately, studies analyzing GSR on degraded bodies have been poorly documented, and no data exist regarding GSR detection after stagnant water immersion. The aim of this preliminary experimental study was to detect GSR on wounds altered in stagnant water, using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X (SEM-EDX) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Shots were performed on sheep limbs with a 22LR at a distance of 20 cm. The limbs were then submerged in stagnant water and analyzed on days 0, 6, and 14. SEM-EDX was performed on previously dehydrated wounds. For ICP-MS analysis, the wounds were rubbed with a cotton swab that was then analyzed. In the SEM studies, a higher number of particles were detected in entry wounds compared to exit wounds under every set of experimental conditions. Unfortunately, SEM-EDX failed to detect GSR particles, even on day 0. ICP-MS enabled the detection of Pb, Sb, and Ba at every stage with higher quantities on entry than in exit. These elements remained detectable following limb immersion. ICP-MS enabled differentiate entry from exit wounds, even after immersion in stagnant water. Nevertheless, when manually swabbing the wounds, quantities of matter collected is highly variable. ICP-MS is a more suitable technique than SEM-EDX for GSR identification of wounds after decomposition in stagnant water; however, standardization is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Montoriol
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Rangueil-Larrey Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Guilbeau-Frugier
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Rangueil-Larrey Hospital, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Faculté de Médecine, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Valentin Lombardi
- Laboratoire AMIS CNRS UMR 5288, Faculté de Médecine de Purpan-37 allées Jules Guesde, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Payré
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Faculté de Médecine, Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Cassard
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Pathologie des ruminants, Toulouse, France
| | - Nihel Feki
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Rangueil-Larrey Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Norbert Telmon
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Rangueil-Larrey Hospital, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire AMIS CNRS UMR 5288, Faculté de Médecine de Purpan-37 allées Jules Guesde, Toulouse, France
| | - Fréderic Savall
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Rangueil-Larrey Hospital, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire AMIS CNRS UMR 5288, Faculté de Médecine de Purpan-37 allées Jules Guesde, Toulouse, France
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11
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Li X. Measurement of gunshot residues with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry from a 9 mm × 25 mm police revolver and 7.62 mm × 25 mm type 64 pistol. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Lukefahr AL, Vollner JM, Anderson BE, Winston DC. Radiodense bullet wipe around osseous entrance gunshot wounds. J Forensic Sci 2020; 66:229-235. [PMID: 32970851 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
"Bullet wipe" is the material deposited by a bullet on any surface with which it comes into contact after it is fired and may contain debris from the gun barrel, including particles of primer and metal fragments from previously fired bullets. X-ray analysis is a non-destructive method by which traces of metallic elements can be visually detected. The analysis of osseous defects for radiodense bullet wipe (RBW) assists in determining the presence or absence of perforating gunshot wounds, especially in fragmented, skeletonized remains. The aim of our current study was to determine the frequency of RBW around entrance firearms injuries that perforated bone. We prospectively analyzed entrance gunshot wounds for RBW over a three-year period using digital X-ray analysis (n = 59). We retrospectively reviewed the corresponding autopsy reports to determine the frequency of RBW by biologic sex, reported ancestry, age-at-death, location of wound, manner of death, range of fire, bullet caliber, and presence of bullet jacket. Data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test or Chi-square test with significance levels accepted at p < 0.05. RBW was present in 66% (n = 39) of examined cases. Decedent characteristics did not significantly alter RBW distribution, including biologic sex (p = 0.75), reported ancestry (p = 0.49), and age-at-death (p = 0.43). Additionally, the location of the osseous entrance gunshot wound, manner of death, range of fire, and cartridge caliber did not affect RBW detection. All cases involving non-jacketed rounds (n = 5) showed RBW (p = 0.30). To our knowledge, this study is the first to report the frequency of RBW detection from osseous entrance gunshot wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Lukefahr
- Banner University Medical Center -Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Pathology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jennifer M Vollner
- Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,The University of Arizona School of Anthropology, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Bruce E Anderson
- Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,The University of Arizona School of Anthropology, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - David C Winston
- Department of Pathology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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13
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Gentile G, Tambuzzi S, Andreola S, Boracchi M, Gibelli L, Migliorini AS, Zoja R. Is it possible to detect lead derived from gunshot residues on decalcified human bone by means of a histochemical staining with sodium rhodizonate? Forensic Sci Int 2020; 316:110474. [PMID: 32882639 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study we have evaluated the detectability of lead deriving from Gunshot Residues (GSR) on human bone using colorimetric techniques as well as the possible interferences of decalcification on the stainability of these particles. 22 well preserved cadavers were divided into two groups: group A enlisted 11 victims deceased because of gunshot injuries (bones and soft tissues sampled in correspondence of the entry wound of the bullet)- and group B, comprehending 11 victims deceased for natural causes (specimens sampled from intact skin areas). All the samples, after decalcification processes for bone specimens with a 14 % HCl solution, underwent standard histological procedures and were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), sodium rhodizonate (Na-R) and acidified sodium rhodizonate (Na-R-HCl 5 %). Two additional slides of soft tissues for each group were pre-treated with HCl 14 % before being stained with likewise staining. In group A, 10 samples out of 11 resulted to be negative to Na-R and Na-R-HCl 5% techniques while all the corresponding soft tissues resulted to be positive for the same staining. Additional soft tissue slides processed with 14 % HCl solution were negative in 10 cases out of 11. No sample in group B showed positivity to the staining procedures neither with nor without pre-treatment with 14 % HCl. The search for GSR residues on human bone is therefore not executable with Na-R and Na-R-HCl 5 % techniques since the essential decalcifying procedure modifies the stainability of the residues therefore adulterating the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Gentile
- Laboratorio di Istopatologia Forense e Microbiologia Medico Legale, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 37, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Tambuzzi
- Laboratorio di Istopatologia Forense e Microbiologia Medico Legale, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 37, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Andreola
- Laboratorio di Istopatologia Forense e Microbiologia Medico Legale, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 37, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Boracchi
- Laboratorio di Istopatologia Forense e Microbiologia Medico Legale, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 37, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Ludovica Gibelli
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Zoja
- Laboratorio di Istopatologia Forense e Microbiologia Medico Legale, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 37, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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14
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Promsuwan K, Kanatharana P, Thavarungkul P, Limbut W. Nitrite amperometric sensor for gunshot residue screening. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Merli D, Amadasi A, Mazzarelli D, Cappella A, Castoldi E, Ripa S, Cucca L, Cattaneo C, Profumo A. Comparison of Different Swabs for Sampling Inorganic Gunshot Residue from Gunshot Wounds: Applicability and Reliability for the Determination of Firing Distance. J Forensic Sci 2018; 64:558-564. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Merli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Pavia V.le Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Alberto Amadasi
- LABANOF Laboratorio di Antropologia ed Odontologia Forense Istituto di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni Università degli Studi di Milano v. Mangiagalli 37 Milano Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche sede operativa di Medicina Legale Università degli Studi di Bologna Via Irnerio 49 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Debora Mazzarelli
- LABANOF Laboratorio di Antropologia ed Odontologia Forense Istituto di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni Università degli Studi di Milano v. Mangiagalli 37 Milano Italy
| | - Annalisa Cappella
- LABANOF Laboratorio di Antropologia ed Odontologia Forense Istituto di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni Università degli Studi di Milano v. Mangiagalli 37 Milano Italy
| | - Elisa Castoldi
- LABANOF Laboratorio di Antropologia ed Odontologia Forense Istituto di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni Università degli Studi di Milano v. Mangiagalli 37 Milano Italy
| | - Stefano Ripa
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Pavia V.le Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Lucia Cucca
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Pavia V.le Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Cristina Cattaneo
- LABANOF Laboratorio di Antropologia ed Odontologia Forense Istituto di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni Università degli Studi di Milano v. Mangiagalli 37 Milano Italy
| | - Antonella Profumo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Pavia V.le Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
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16
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Blakey LS, Sharples GP, Chana K, Birkett JW. Fate and Behavior of Gunshot Residue-A Review. J Forensic Sci 2017; 63:9-19. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S. Blakey
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; Faculty of Science; Liverpool John Moores University; Byrom Street L3 3AF Liverpool UK
| | - George P. Sharples
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; Faculty of Science; Liverpool John Moores University; Byrom Street L3 3AF Liverpool UK
| | - Kal Chana
- Orchid Cellmark; PO Box 265 Abingdon OX14 1YX Oxfordshire UK
| | - Jason W. Birkett
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; Faculty of Science; Liverpool John Moores University; Byrom Street L3 3AF Liverpool UK
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17
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Costa ST, Freire AR, Matoso RI, Daruge Júnior E, Rossi AC, Prado FB. Computational Approach to Identify Different Injuries by Firearms. J Forensic Sci 2017; 62:361-368. [PMID: 28247449 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Complications arise in the analysis of gunshot wounds to the maxillofacial region, when neither the projectile nor the gun is found at the crime scene. We simulated 5- and 15-cm firing distances at a human mandible to investigate the external morphology of entrance wounds based on fire range. The ammunition models, .40-caliber S&W, .380-caliber, and 9 × 19-mm Luger, were constructed with free-form NURBS surfaces. In a dynamic simulation, projectiles were fired against mandibular body 3D model at 5 and 15 cm. All entrance wounds presented oval aspect. Maximum diameter and von Mises stress values were 16.5 mm and 50.8 MPa, both for .40-caliber S&W fired at 5 cm. The maximum energy loss was 138.4 J for .40 S&W fired at 15 cm. In conclusion, the mandible was most affected by .40-caliber S&W and morphological differences were observable in holes caused by different incoming projectile calibers fired at different distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Teixeira Costa
- Department of Social Dentistry, Forensic Dentistry Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rodrigues Freire
- Department of Morphology, Anatomy Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ivo Matoso
- Department of Morphology, Anatomy Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Daruge Júnior
- Department of Social Dentistry, Forensic Dentistry Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Rossi
- Department of Morphology, Anatomy Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felippe Bevilacqua Prado
- Department of Morphology, Anatomy Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Sarraguça JMG, Lima C, Machado F, Lopes JA, Almeida A, Fernandes L, Magalhães T, Santos A. A FT-NIR spectroscopy methodology to estimate firing distance based on the direct analysis of the bullet impact surface. Analyst 2016; 141:4410-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00247a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy is proposed as a new methodology to estimate firing distance based on the direct analysis of organic components of gunshot residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M. G. Sarraguça
- LAQV/REQUIMTE
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - Catarina Lima
- LAQV/REQUIMTE
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - Filipe Machado
- LAQV/REQUIMTE
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - João A. Lopes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Agostinho Almeida
- LAQV/REQUIMTE
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - Luís Fernandes
- Departamento de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses
- Faculdade de Medicina
- Universidade do Porto
- 4200-319 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Teresa Magalhães
- Departamento de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses
- Faculdade de Medicina
- Universidade do Porto
- 4200-319 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Agostinho Santos
- Departamento de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses
- Faculdade de Medicina
- Universidade do Porto
- 4200-319 Porto
- Portugal
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19
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Detectability and medico-legal value of the gunshot residues in the intracorporeal channel. J Forensic Leg Med 2015; 36:10-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Rowe WF. Chemical methods in firearms analysis. Forensic Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118897768.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Li Y, Zhu Y, Zhao S, Liu X. The weathering and transformation process of lead in China's shooting ranges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2015; 17:1620-1633. [PMID: 26283517 DOI: 10.1039/c5em00022j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Corroding steel-core bullets from three shooting ranges in different climate zones of China were collected. Multiple technical methods (EMPA, SEM, XRD, and ICP-OES) were applied to investigate the structure, morphology, and weathering product of this type of bullet in China to analyze the weathering mechanisms in different types of soils. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to view the morphology and microstructure of corrosion layers. On the corroded lead layer surface, unevenness, micro cracks, and spallation were usually present. Around the micro cracks, many types of euhedral and subhedral crystals of the secondary products of lead were formed, most of which were composed of cerussite (PbCO3), while hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2) was predominant in the bullet collected from the humid environment. X-ray power diffraction (XRD) results show that the secondary weathering products in the three shooting range soils are clearly different. In the Fangyan shooting range, which has a neutral and semi-arid soil, the lead weathering product was mainly hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2), while no substantial amount of crystal phase of lead compound could be found in acidic, damp soils from the Fenghuang shooting range, possibly due to the enhanced dissolution and mobilization of lead compounds at lower pH and higher content of organic matter in the soil. In hot and arid environment of the Baicheng shooting range, cerussite might have undergone thermal decomposition, thus generating shannonite (Pb2O(CO3)). These results indicate that the formation of secondary Pb minerals is largely affected by the climatic zone or the soil properties, which may have implications for range management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeling Li
- Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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22
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Forensic ballistics by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy: Quantification of gunshot residues and prediction of the number of shots using different firearms. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Weber I, Melo A, Lucena M, Consoli E, Rodrigues M, de Sá G, Maldaner A, Talhavini M, Alves S. Use of luminescent gunshot residues markers in forensic context. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 244:276-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Viero A, Giraudo C, Cecchetto G, Muscovich C, Favretto D, Puglisi M, Fais P, Viel G. An unusual case of "dyadic-death" with a single gunshot. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 244:e1-5. [PMID: 25194714 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The terms "dyadic death" or "murder-suicide" refer to an incident where an individual commits homicide and then takes his or her own life. These events are generally committed by men within the family network, using firearms or sharp force instruments, and make up a relatively small proportion of homicides overall. Herein, we present the application of post-mortem multislice computed tomography (CT) and micro-CT analysis to an unusual case of dyadic death, where a 38-year-old man fired a single gunshot to his own right temple, killing himself and his 50-year-old wife, lying on the bed beside him. The integration of radiological, autoptic and histological data allowed us to reconstruct the trajectory of the gunshot, the most probable dynamics of the event, and to classify the incident as a "suicide-homicide", because the female victim died a few minutes later than her husband and murderer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Viero
- Department of Cardiological, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, Via Falloppio, 50, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Giraudo
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Radiology Section, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cecchetto
- Department of Cardiological, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, Via Falloppio, 50, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Donata Favretto
- Department of Cardiological, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, Via Falloppio, 50, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Puglisi
- Medico Legal Expert of the State Police Office, "Questura di Padova", Piazzetta G. Palatucci, 5, 35123 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Fais
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Guido Viel
- Department of Cardiological, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, Via Falloppio, 50, 35121 Padova, Italy.
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25
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Recent non-chemical approaches to estimate the shooting distance. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 239:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Bueno J, Lednev IK. Raman microspectroscopic chemical mapping and chemometric classification for the identification of gunshot residue on adhesive tape. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4595-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7874-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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