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da Silveira Sousa AM, Jacometti V, Sato CM, AlQahtani S, da Silva RHA. Technical note: RP Atlas-an unprecedented proposal for a Brazilian population dental development chart based on the London atlas. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 184:e24906. [PMID: 38294146 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Age estimation methods through developmental atlases are simplified by image comparison using radiographs. Atlas-based methods have been utilized to create population-specific charts addressing population diversity. To tackle the absence of a dedicated atlas for the Brazilian population, the objective of the present study was to create a new atlas for dental development in Brazil based on the London Atlas chart. The new atlas (RP Atlas) is based on the median of tooth development, eruption, and resorption in individuals aged 5 to 23. The sample (567 individuals) was divided between females (n = 290) and males (n = 277). The RP Atlas was handcrafted, scanned, colored, and clustered in two atlases divided by sex. The development of a specific atlas for the Brazilian population has the potential to enhance the accuracy of age estimation in forensic scenarios, notably in a mixed country like Brazil. Further research is needed to assess the suitability of the newly developed atlas for the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Maria da Silveira Sousa
- Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Jacometti
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cindy Maki Sato
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sakher AlQahtani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, King Saud University, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ricardo Henrique Alves da Silva
- Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Johnstone-Belford EC, Jacobsen G, Fallon SJ, Dipnall JF, Blau S. The effects of diet and beauty products on the uptake and storage of 14C in hair and nails: ramifications for the application of bomb pulse dating to forensic anthropological casework. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 349:111771. [PMID: 37385158 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Radiocarbon dating is a useful tool in the examination of unknown human remains. Recent studies have shown that the analysis of hair and nail samples can provide a highly accurate estimation of the year of death (YOD). However, little research has examined factors that may influence the uptake and storage of 14C in these tissues, such as diet, or the use of beauty products. This study measured the level of 14C in human hair and nail samples collected from living individuals to determine whether diet, and the use of hair dye or nail polish, has a significant impact on the estimation of YOD. The results of this study showed that diet did not appear to impact the radiocarbon content in human hair and nail, and thus should not be considered a limitation when analysing samples obtained from unidentified human remains. The use of nail polish, and in the majority of cases, hair dye, did not significantly impact the 14C concentration in nails and hair. While the results of this study are preliminary, they suggest that in most cases, both hair and nail can be successfully analysed using radiocarbon dating to estimate an individual's YOD. However, best practice should involve the analysis of multiple tissue types, to minimise any error that may be introduced as a result of the decedent's use of beauty products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G Jacobsen
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Australia
| | - S J Fallon
- Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, The Australian National University, Australia
| | - J F Dipnall
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Australia
| | - S Blau
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine/ Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Australia
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Johnstone-Belford E, Fallon S, Dipnall J, Blau S. The importance of bone sample selection when using radiocarbon analysis in cases of unidentified human remains. Forensic Sci Int 2022; 341:111480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Heldring N, Larsson A, Rezaie AR, Råsten-Almqvist P, Zilg B. A probability model for assessing age relative to the 18-year old threshold based on magnetic resonance imaging of the knee combined with radiography of third molars in the lower jaw. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 330:111108. [PMID: 34826761 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.111108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to generate a statistical model based on magnetic resonance imaging of the knee and radiography of third molars in the lower jaw, for assessing age relative to the 18-year old threshold. METHODS In total, 58 studies correlating knee or tooth development to age were assessed, 5 studies for knee and 7 studies for tooth were included in the statistical model. The relation between the development of the anatomical site, based on a binary system, and age were estimated using logistic regression. Separate meta-populations for knee and tooth were generated from the individual based data for men and women. A weighted estimate of probabilities was made by combining the probability densities for knee and tooth. Margin of errors for males and females in different age groups and knee and tooth maturity were calculated within the larger framework of transition analysis using a logit model as a base. Evidentiary values for combinations of knee and tooth maturity were evaluated with likelihood ratios. RESULTS For males, the sensitivity for the method was calculated to 0.78 (probability of correctly classifying adults), the specificity 0.90 (probability of correctly classifying minors), the negative predictive value 0.80 (proportion identified minors are minors) and the positive predictive value 0.89 (proportion identified adults are adults) indicating a model better at identifying minors than adults. The point at which half the female population has reached closed knee lies before the 18-year threshold, adding the knee as an indicator lowers specificity and increases sensitivity. The sensitivity when using tooth as an indicator for females is 0.24 and specificity 0.97, signifying few minors misclassified as adults but also a low probability of identifying adults. The negative predictive value for women when using tooth as the sole indicator is 0.56 and positive predictive value 0.88. Probabilities were calculated for males and females assuming a uniform age distribution between 15 and 21years. The calculated margin of error of minors classified as adults in a population between 15 and 21 years with the model was 11% for males and 12% for females. Further, the evidentiary value as well as margin of error vary for different combinations of knee and tooth maturity. CONCLUSION The statistical model based on the combination of MRI knee and radiography of mandibular third molars is a valid method to assess age relative to the 18-year old threshold when applied on males and of limited value in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Heldring
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine, Retzius väg 5, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Larsson
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine, Retzius väg 5, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali-Reza Rezaie
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine, Retzius väg 5, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Råsten-Almqvist
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine, Retzius väg 5, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brita Zilg
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine, Retzius väg 5, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
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Age estimation in the living: A scoping review of population data for skeletal and dental methods. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 320:110689. [PMID: 33561788 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Age estimation of living individuals has become a crucial part of the forensic practice, especially due to the global increase in cross-border migration. The low rate of birth registration in many countries, hence of identification documents of migrants, especially in Africa and Asia, highlights the importance of reliable methods for age estimation of living individuals. Despite the fact that a number of skeletal and dental methods for age estimation have been developed, their main limitation is that they are based on specific reference samples and there is still no consensus among researchers on whether these methods can be applied to all populations. Though this issue remains still unsolved, population information at a glance could be useful for forensic practitioners dealing with such issues. This study aims at presenting a scoping review and mapping of the current situation concerning population data for skeletal (hand-wrist and clavicle) and dental methods (teeth eruption and third molar formation) for age estimation in the living. Two hundred studies on the rate of skeletal maturation and four hundred thirty-nine on the rate of dental maturation were found, covering the period from 1952 and 2020 for a total of ninety-eight countries. For most of the western and central African countries there are currently no data on the rate of skeletal and dental maturation. The same applies to the countries of the Middle East, as well as the eastern European countries, especially as regard the skeletal development.
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Tsuboi H, Miyamori D, Ishikawa N, Ichioka H, Ikegaya H. Relationship between serum prostate-specific antigen and age in cadavers. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120958212. [PMID: 32983523 PMCID: PMC7498970 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120958212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: An increase in number of unidentified cadavers is a growing problem. To
identify these cadavers, a simple objective method is required to estimate
cadaveric age. We examined the correlations between postmortem serum
prostate-specific antigen levels and cadaveric age to determine whether
serum prostate-specific antigen levels can be used in age estimation of
unidentified cadavers. Methods: Total serum prostate-specific antigen was measured in 140 male autopsy cases
aged from 0 to 94 years. Results: The serum prostate-specific antigen levels of cadavers correlated with age at
death to the same degree as with the age of living individuals (r = 0.393,
P < 0.01). Prostate-specific antigen levels also
correlated with prostate weight, but not with psoas muscle index and body
mass index. Cause of death did not influence postmortem serum
prostate-specific antigen levels. Conclusion: Age estimation based on prostate-specific antigen provides a simple,
objective, and rapid method to determine age at death estimation of
cadavers, and is expected to greatly contribute to the identification of
cadavers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Tsuboi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Miyamori
- Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noboru Ishikawa
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ichioka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikegaya
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Sankhyan D, Sehrawat JS, Talwar M. Comparison of dental age estimations from two radiographic methods of metric analysis in North Indian young adults. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2020.1729409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Sankhyan
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - J. S. Sehrawat
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manjit Talwar
- Oral Health Centre, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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Johnstone-Belford EC, Blau S. A Review of Bomb Pulse Dating and its Use in the Investigation of Unidentified Human Remains. J Forensic Sci 2019; 65:676-685. [PMID: 31688960 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In cases where there is limited antemortem information, the examination of unidentified human remains as part of the investigation of long-term missing person's cases is a complex endeavor and consequently requires a multidisciplinary approach. Bomb pulse dating, which involves the analysis and interpretation of 14C concentration, is one technique that may assist in these investigations by providing an estimate of year of birth and year of death. This review examines the technique of bomb pulse dating and its use in the identification of differentially preserved unknown human remains. Research and case studies implementing bomb pulse dating have predominantly been undertaken in the Northern Hemisphere and have demonstrated reliable and accurate results. Limitations were, however, identified throughout the literature. These included the small sample sizes used in previous research/case studies which impacted on the statistical significance of the findings, as well as technique-specific issues. Such limitations highlight the need for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soren Blau
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, 65 Kavanagh St., Southbank, Vic., 3006, Australia
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Contribution of third molar eruption to the estimation of the forensic age of living individuals. Int J Legal Med 2019; 133:625-632. [PMID: 30635722 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-018-01991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Forensic age estimation of a living individual is frequently performed in clinical forensic medicine. Medicolegal physicians are usually called upon by the authorities to estimate the age of a living person requesting asylum or to determine whether a suspected offender is subject to juvenile or adult criminal law. Dental age is one of the parameters studied to estimate biological age. Several methods are used, and among these, analysis of the eruption of the third molar (M3) on an orthopantomogram (OPG) is one of the common methods. The objective of the study was to analyse the contribution of M3 eruption to age estimation, in particular with regard to the threshold of 18 years of age, in a sample of individuals examined in a French university hospital. The stage of wisdom tooth eruption of all individuals aged between 15 and 24 years, who had an OPG performed between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015, was interpreted using a three-stage scoring system. In total, 557 OPGs (340 males and 217 females) were included. None of the stage scores allowed a distinction between minors and majors, for either sex. Overall, 85% of females and 98% of males with four M3s in stage 3 (complete emergence in the occlusal plane) were majors.
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Ishikawa N, Hirayama Y, Miake Y, Kitamura K, Kasahara N, Abe S, Yamamoto H. Comparison of the Morphological Structures of the Human Calvarium and Turtle Shell. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.28.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Ishikawa
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Yuzo Hirayama
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Yasuo Miake
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Kei Kitamura
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Norio Kasahara
- Department of Forensic Odontology and Anthropology, Tokyo Dental College
| | | | - Hitoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College
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Adams DM, Ralston CE, Sussman RA, Heim K, Bethard JD. Impact of population-specific dental development on age estimation using dental atlases. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 168:190-199. [PMID: 30515773 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The steady development and subsequent eruption of the dentition is particularly useful for the estimation of age in juveniles. There are few studies that examine and test methods on a population-diverse sample. Our goal is to test the Ubelaker () and London Atlas (2010) dental charts on a sample representing several different population backgrounds to infer if refinement for population-specific standards should be developed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The first and second authors examined panoramic radiographs of 335 individuals from the James K. Economides Orthodontic Collection blind to chronological age, sex, and ancestry and scored using both dental atlases. RESULTS The age of Native Americans and African Americans was generally overestimated, suggesting faster rates of development. European Americans and New Mexico Hispanics, while not always showing the highest success rates, generally were closer to the correct age than other ancestry groups. The overall success rate for Ubelaker () was 80.00% for both observers, while the London Atlas was significantly lower at approximately 21.79-23.28%. Accuracy rates did not differ significantly between ancestry groups, though patterns were evident regarding under- or over-estimation of age. DISCUSSION The present study demonstrates that incorrect age estimations were typically still within 1.5 years of the actual age. Ubelaker () had higher rates of success due to broader age ranges. The results suggest that though accuracy rates did not significantly differ, different developmental rates may affect age estimates and population-specific standards should be considered for known-ancestry individuals, while aging standards constructed from a diverse sample should be utilized for unknown-ancestry cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan M Adams
- Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada
| | - Claira E Ralston
- Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Rachel A Sussman
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kelly Heim
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Bjørk MB, Kvaal SI. CT and MR imaging used in age estimation: a systematic review. THE JOURNAL OF FORENSIC ODONTO-STOMATOLOGY 2018; 36:14-25. [PMID: 29864026 PMCID: PMC6195946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Computer Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) may be useful tools in assessment of age of an individual. This article presents a review of published studies using CT or MRI in dental age estimation. They were published between July 2004 and September 2017 investigating different types of teeth, methods and formulae for age estimation. Twenty-seven articles were included. The different studies show good results, and it seems that a combination of different types of teeth, methods (depending on the degree of root formation) and cooperation between different disciplines in the same study gives a higher accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Britt Bjørk
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo
| | - Sigrid I. Kvaal
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo
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Lee HK, Choi SH, Fan D, Jang KM, Kim MS, Hwang CJ. Evaluation of characteristics of the craniofacial complex and dental maturity in girls with central precocious puberty. Angle Orthod 2018; 88:582-589. [PMID: 29708396 DOI: 10.2319/112317-809.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify unique characteristics of the craniofacial complex and dental maturity in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 34 Korean girls with idiopathic CPP (mean age, 8.6 ± .5 years) and 28 normal healthy girls of the same chronological age. An initial evaluation of the growth pattern of the craniofacial complex and dental maturity was conducted by analyzing lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiographs. RESULTS The mandibular ramus height (44.4 ± 4.1 mm) and total mandibular length (10.8 ± 4.3 mm) ( P = .004 and .021, respectively) were greater and the lower anterior facial height was lesser (63.2 ± 2.4 mm) ( P = .040) in the CPP group than in the reference group. In addition, the gonial angle (12.9 ± 6.1°; P = .045) and the mandibular plane angle (34.9 ± 4.8°; P = .012) were smaller in girls with CPP than in normal healthy girls. All the mandibular teeth were more mature in girls with CPP ( P < .001). A strong positive correlation was observed between the mandibular tooth formation stages and the presence of CPP in girls ( r = .756 to .957; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS CPP had an effect on the anteroposterior growth of the mandible in the craniofacial complex and the rotation of the mandibular plane angle. Early maturation of the mandibular teeth was observed in girls with CPP.
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