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Santos HI, Pinheiro KMP, Richter EM, Coltro WKT. Determination of scopolamine and butylscopolamine in beverages, urine and Buscopan® tablets samples using electrophoresis microchip with integrated contactless conductivity detection. Talanta 2024; 266:124960. [PMID: 37487267 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The number of cases in which scopolamine (SCO) was used for both recreational and predatory purposes has increased dramatically in recent decades. Linked to this, there is a concern about obtaining SCO through thermal degradation of butylscopolamine (BSCO) - an active ingredient of Buscopan® - a drug sold without a medical prescription. In this study, mixtures containing SCO and BSCO were separated and detected on a microchip electrophoresis (ME) device with integrated capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) using a running buffer composed of 40 mmol L-1 of butyric acid and 25 mmol L-1 of sodium hydroxide (pH 5.0). The separation was performed within ca. 115 s with a resolution of 1.3 and separation efficiency ranging from 1.4 × 105 to 1.5 × 105 theoretical plates m-1. A detection limit of 1.1 μmol L-1 was achieved for both species and the developed method revealed satisfactory repeatability with relative standard deviation (RSD) values for forty-eight injections between 4.8 and 9.4% for peak areas and lower than 3.3% for migration times. Furthermore, inter-day precision was evaluated for sixteen injections (a sequence of four injections performed over four days), and RSD values were less than 6.6% for peak areas and 2.2% for migration times. Satisfactory recovery values (95-114%) were obtained for all evaluated beverage samples (cachaça, vodka, whiskey, beer, Coca-Cola, and grape juice) as well as for artificial urine samples (95-107%). Finally, the conversion of BSCO into SCO was observed after simple heating procedure of Buscopan® sample (not subject to medical prescription), which was successfully confirmed through analysis by capillary electrophoresis coupled to the mass spectrometry (CE-MS). Based on the reported results, the use of ME-C4D devices has demonstrated a huge potential for applications in the forensic chemistry field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen I Santos
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Kemilly M P Pinheiro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Richter
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Wendell K T Coltro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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2
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Djezzar S, Gaulier JM, Gorgiard C, Chèze M, Alvarez JC, Martin C, Dumestre-Toulet V, Lavit M, Mathieu O, Eysseric H, Berland E, Roussel C, Gaillard Y, Hurtel-Lemaire AS, Deveaux M, Pion C. Assessment of 19 years of a prospective national survey on drug-facilitated crimes in France. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2023; 65:102297. [PMID: 37597347 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Drug facilitated-crime or chemical submission (DFC/CS) is defined as the concealed or forced administration of psychoactive substances to a victim for criminal purposes. This is a national program set up in the early 2000 s in the form of a prospective multicenter survey, the results of which this manuscript presents. Over this 19-year period, 5487 cases were collected, analyzed and classified into 54 % of suspected cases, 29 % of chemical vulnerability (CV) cases and 17 % of proven DFC/CS cases. In the overall data, the most prevalent victims were female (81 %), with an average age of 27 years. Sexual assault was the most frequent aggression (77 %), followed by theft (14 %). Victims of proven DFC/CS cases were from of all ages including children and elderly. In 934 victims of DFC/CS, 100 various psychoactive substances were detected mostly represented by benzodiazepines and z-drugs (55 %), various sedatives including antihistamines (16 %) and non-therapeutic substances (16 %). Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) was found in 4 % cases. In CV cases, alcohol (90 %) and cannabis (32 %) intake were mainly involved. In France, despite prevention messages, DFC/CS has been an epidemic for many years and has been proven by our national study. This national program has the aim to identifying the substances used but unfortunately not the goal to fight against this phenomenon. Since 2009, we observed a new modus operandi of the aggressors who pose as taxi drivers facilitating the reception of the victims leaving nightclubs. We can emphasize that GHB is not the "date rape drug" but rather the benzodiazepine class is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Djezzar
- Addictovigilance Center, hôpital Fernand Widal, AP-HP-Nord-Université de Paris, 200, rue du Fg Saint-Denis, 75010 Paris, France.
| | | | - Charlotte Gorgiard
- Forensic emergencies, hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, AP-HP. Centre - Université de Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Claude Alvarez
- Pharmacology-Toxicology Laboratory, hôpital Raymond Poincaré, AP-HP. Université Paris Saclay, France
| | - Claire Martin
- Toxicology Section, National Institute of Forensic Science, INPS-LPS75, Paris, France
| | | | - Michel Lavit
- Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology Laboratory, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Mathieu
- Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, CHU Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Eysseric
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CHU Grenoble, France
| | - Emilie Berland
- Toxicology Section, National Institute of Forensic Science, INPS-LPS13, Marseille, France
| | - Carine Roussel
- Toxicology Section, National Institute of Forensic Science, INPS-LPS31, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Charlotte Pion
- Addictovigilance Department, Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament et des produits de santé (ANSM), Saint-Denis, France
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3
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Avram M, Bodinger CA, Clark MA, Stuckey DG, Mathews SE, Stogsdill SN, Barna EC, Williams DK, McGill M, Fantegrossi WE, Liebelt EL, James LP, Endres GW, Moran JH. Hands-Free Analytical Urine Testing Technology Validated for Drug-Facilitated Crime Investigations. Chem Res Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 37703190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Forensic laboratories need quick and simple technology to improve turnaround times, while delivering reliable results. The goal of this study is first to create a simplified workflow to meet new Academy Standards Board requirements for urine testing in drug-facilitated crime investigations and, second, to create "ready-to-go", "hands-free" testing technology to further streamline analytical procedures. A first of its kind, the ToxBox forensic test kit is used to validate a single analytical procedure for opioids, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, antidepressants, and several other drug classes. Method performance indicators follow accreditation requirements and include accuracy, precision, measurement uncertainty, calibration models, reportable range, sensitivity, specificity, carryover, interference, ion suppression/enhancement, and analyte stability. "Hands-free" testing platforms require the use of new suspended-state technology to stabilize NIST-traceable standards premanufactured at precise concentrations in the presence of sample preparation reagents. By suspending all reaction components in the solid state, with air gaps between the phases, reference standards and process controls are built in a "ready-to-go" format and stabilized for long-term storage in the presence of a sample matrix, β-d-glucuronidase, and enzymatic buffers. "Hands-free" test kits are removed from storage, incubated at either ambient temperature or 60 °C, and assayed using validated methods. This is the first example of how complex forensic testing workflows can be streamlined with new "hands-free" testing strategies to meet analytical challenges associated with quantitative and confirmatory analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Avram
- PinPoint Testing, LLC, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | | | - Madeline A Clark
- PinPoint Testing, LLC, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States
| | - Daniel G Stuckey
- PinPoint Testing, LLC, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States
| | - Samuel E Mathews
- PinPoint Testing, LLC, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States
| | | | - Elyse C Barna
- PinPoint Testing, LLC, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States
| | - David K Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Mitchell McGill
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - William E Fantegrossi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Erica L Liebelt
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Emergency Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Laura P James
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Emergency Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Gregory W Endres
- PinPoint Testing, LLC, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States
| | - Jeffery H Moran
- PinPoint Testing, LLC, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
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4
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Melchior SE, Nielsen MKK, Oropeza AR, Banner J, Johansen SS. Detection of scopolamine in urine and hair in a drug-facilitated sexual assault. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 347:111678. [PMID: 37030199 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of the drug scopolamine in drug-facilitated crimes is known. Nevertheless, given the high potency of the drug and its rapid metabolism, analysis in blood and urine may not be sufficient for drug detection in late crime declaration, especially following a single-dose administration in drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) cases. Hair may constitute an essential supplemental matrix extending the drug detection window in such cases. This case report presents quantitative data on scopolamine findings in urine and hair in a DFSA case. A young female had consumed several alcoholic drinks at a party venue when her behaviour became noticeably peculiar. Later, she woke up next to an unknown man and had no recollection of the night's events. Blood and urine samples were collected 18 h after the incident. The initial toxicological target screening using UHPLC-TOF-MS detected scopolamine in the hydrolysed urine sample, and quantification yielded 41 µg/L scopolamine in urine, while blood was negative. Segmental hair analysis using multitarget UHPLC-MS/MS was performed on three washed 2-cm segments of hair collected five weeks after the incident, yielding 0.37 pg/mg scopolamine only in the relevant hair segment. This case report provides novel insight into the concentration in hair following a single exposure of scopolamine and the feasibility of detecting scopolamine in hair by comparison to published toxicological findings.
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Garrido E, Climent E, Marcos MD, Sancenón F, Rurack K, Martínez-Máñez R. Dualplex lateral flow assay for simultaneous scopolamine and "cannibal drug" detection based on receptor-gated mesoporous nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13505-13513. [PMID: 36102017 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03325a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report herein the design of a strip-based rapid test utilizing bio-inspired hybrid nanomaterials for the in situ and at site detection of the drug scopolamine (SCP) using a smartphone for readout, allowing SCP identification in diluted saliva down to 40 nM in less than 15 min. For this purpose, we prepared a nanosensor based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with a fluorescent reporter (rhodamine B) and functionalized with bethanechol, a potent agonist of recombinant human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (M2-AChR). M2-AChR interaction with the anchored bethanechol derivative leads to capping of the pores. The sensing mechanism relies on binding of SCP to M2-AChR resulting in pore opening and delivery of the entrapped rhodamine B reporter. Moreover, the material was incorporated into strips for lateral-flow assays coupled to smartphone readout, giving fast response time, good selectivity, and exceptional sensitivity. In an attempt to a mobile analytical test system for law enforcement services, we have also developed a dualplex lateral flow assay for SCP and 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) also known as the so-called "cannibal drug".
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Garrido
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Spain.
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0 28029 Madrid
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estela Climent
- Chemical and Optical Sensing Division, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - M Dolores Marcos
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Spain.
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0 28029 Madrid
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Félix Sancenón
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Spain.
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0 28029 Madrid
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Knut Rurack
- Chemical and Optical Sensing Division, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Spain.
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0 28029 Madrid
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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6
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Jornet-Martínez N, Herráez-Hernández R, Campíns-Falcó P. Scopolamine analysis in beverages: Bicolorimetric device vs portable nano liquid chromatography. Talanta 2021; 232:122406. [PMID: 34074397 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Scopolamine (SCP) is often involved in sexual assaults and robberies, particularly in recreational environments. Therefore, analytical tools are required for the analysis of this compound amenable for the field. In this work, a sensor for SCP is described based on the entrapment of KMnO4 into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The possibility of using KMnO4 in combination with the reagent 1,2-naphtoquinone-4-sulfonate (NQS) giving a double sensor acting as a bicolorimetric device is also demonstrated. In contact with the sample, the PDMS composite delivers MnO4-, which reacts rapidly with SCP under basic conditions causing a change of the color of the solution that can be related to the concentration of drug using both, absorbances and color coordinates, while the NQS part of the sensor remains unchanged. After an exposure time to the sensors of 10 min, satisfactory linearity was obtained for concentrations of SCP up to 865 μg/mL, being the limit of detection (LOD) 108 μg/mL. A method using a portable nano liquid chromatograph with detection at 255 nm has been also developed; in this case the LOD was 100 μg/mL and the working linear interval was 250-2000 μg/mL. The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RDS), was ≤8% for both methods. Different beverages (cola, cola-whisky, tonic water-vodka, red wine and green tea) were assayed. The potential of the two proposed approaches for on-site tests is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jornet-Martínez
- MINTOTA Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - R Herráez-Hernández
- MINTOTA Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - P Campíns-Falcó
- MINTOTA Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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7
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Barceló B, Gomila I, de-Castro-Ríos A, Perez-Barcena J, Jimenez C, Lendoiro E, Elorza MÁ. Diminished Consciousness in a Woman Following an Unsuspected Scopolamine Overdose. J Anal Toxicol 2021; 45:e7-e14. [PMID: 33025011 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaa135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scopolamine is used clinically, but it is also used as a recreational drug and as an incapacitating drug, in sexual crimes and robberies. In this paper, the authors report the case of a woman with a diminished consciousness following an unsuspected overdose with scopolamine and review published articles on scopolamine poisoning that included concentrations in biological samples. Scopolamine was identified in the patient's serum and urine samples collected 1 h post-admission to intensive care unit at concentrations of 8.4 ng/mL and 62,560 ng/mL (169,539 ng/mg creatinine), respectively. In non-fatal cases, the median [interquartile range] of serum scopolamine levels was 1.9 [2.1] ng/mL. The serum concentration found in our case would explain the abrupt clinical presentation suffered by the patient. Scopolamine in urine could be detected up to 48 h after admission. This report illustrates that broad toxicology screening, including scopolamine, should be considered when patients with diminished consciousness are attended after ruling out infection or cerebrovascular disease. This can play an important role in identifying this potentially life-threatening etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardino Barceló
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, Clinical Analysis Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases. Research Institute of Health Sciences (IdISBa), Valldemossa road 79, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Isabel Gomila
- Clinical Analysis Department, Hospital Universitari Son Llàtzer. Research Institute of Health Sciences (IdISBa), Manacor road, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ana de-Castro-Ríos
- Servicio de Toxicología, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses "Luis Concheiro". Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, San Francisco s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jon Perez-Barcena
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IdISBa), Valldemossa road 79, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carmen Jimenez
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IdISBa), Valldemossa road 79, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Elena Lendoiro
- Servicio de Toxicología, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses "Luis Concheiro". Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, San Francisco s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Elorza
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, Clinical Analysis Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases. Research Institute of Health Sciences (IdISBa), Valldemossa road 79, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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8
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García MG, Pérez-Cárceles MD, Osuna E, Legaz I. Drug-facilitated sexual assault and other crimes: A systematic review by countries. J Forensic Leg Med 2021; 79:102151. [PMID: 33773270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) and drug-facilitated crime (DFC) constitute a mode of violence that is generally unknown to the population and may go unnoticed by health professionals. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the victims of DFC, compiling their sociodemographic characteristics, the toxic substances used and their biological matrices and modes of action, in order to identify the substances that are commonly put to criminal use. The aim would be to establish political and health strategies that inform and warn people about possible criminal social behaviors consequent danger to health. This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Alcohol, benzodiazepines and cocaine were among the most commonly detected substances. In most of the hospitals, immunoassays, liquid chromatography (LC-MS), or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were used to identify the substances, while the most frequently used biological matrices were blood and urine. From a judicial point of view, the instrumental protocols and techniques followed for the detection of toxics in different biological matrices must guarantee the reliability and validity of the results for use in a court of law. The recommendations of international organizations should be followed and must be called upon to strengthen their respective national laws against this chemical submission (CS) phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G García
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - M D Pérez-Cárceles
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - E Osuna
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - I Legaz
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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10
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Gañán J, Morante-Zarcero S, Pérez-Quintanilla D, Sierra I. 2-Mercaptopyrimidine-functionalized mesostructured silicas to develop electrochemical sensors for a rapid control of scopolamine in tea and herbal tea infusions. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Chan WS, Wong GF, Hung CW, Wong YN, Fung KM, Lee WK, Dao KL, Leung CW, Lo KM, Lee WM, Cheung BKK. Interpol review of toxicology 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2020; 2:563-607. [PMID: 33385147 PMCID: PMC7770452 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in toxicology from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20.Papers%202019.pdf.
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12
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Brown K, Jacquet C, Biscay J, Allan P, Dennany L. Electrochemiluminescent sensors as a screening strategy for psychoactive substances within biological matrices. Analyst 2020; 145:4295-4304. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00846j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescent sensors for point-of-care devices; a screening strategy for the direct detection of hallucinogens within a variety of biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Brown
- WESTChem Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Technology and Innovation Centre
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Charlotte Jacquet
- WESTChem Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Technology and Innovation Centre
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Julien Biscay
- WESTChem Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Technology and Innovation Centre
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Pamela Allan
- WESTChem Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Technology and Innovation Centre
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Lynn Dennany
- WESTChem Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Technology and Innovation Centre
- Glasgow
- UK
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13
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Brown K, Jacquet C, Biscay J, Allan P, Dennany L. Tale of Two Alkaloids: pH-Controlled Electrochemiluminescence for Differentiation of Structurally Similar Compounds. Anal Chem 2019; 92:2216-2223. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Brown
- WestChem Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Charlotte Jacquet
- WestChem Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Julien Biscay
- WestChem Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Pamela Allan
- WestChem Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Lynn Dennany
- WestChem Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
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Beyramysoltan S, Abdul-Rahman NH, Musah RA. Call it a “nightshade”—A hierarchical classification approach to identification of hallucinogenic Solanaceae spp. using DART-HRMS-derived chemical signatures. Talanta 2019; 204:739-746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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16
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Attempt of scopolamine-facilitated robbery: an original case of poisoning by inhalation confirmed by LC–MS/MS and review of the literature. Forensic Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-019-00492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Lakstygal AM, Kolesnikova TO, Khatsko SL, Zabegalov KN, Volgin AD, Demin KA, Shevyrin VA, Wappler-Guzzetta EA, Kalueff AV. DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Atropine, Scopolamine, and Other Anticholinergic Deliriant Hallucinogens. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2144-2159. [PMID: 30566832 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticholinergic drugs based on tropane alkaloids, including atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine, have been used for various medicinal and toxic purposes for millennia. These drugs are competitive antagonists of acetylcholine muscarinic (M-) receptors that potently modulate the central nervous system (CNS). Currently used clinically to treat vomiting, nausea, and bradycardia, as well as alongside other anesthetics to avoid vagal inhibition, these drugs also evoke potent psychotropic effects, including characteristic delirium-like states with hallucinations, altered mood, and cognitive deficits. Given the growing clinical importance of anti-M deliriant hallucinogens, here we discuss their use and abuse, clinical importance, and the growing value in preclinical (experimental) animal models relevant to modeling CNS functions and dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M. Lakstygal
- Graduate School of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Andrey D. Volgin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Konstantin A. Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg 197341, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine (ITBM), St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | | | | | - Allan V. Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China
- Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, ITBM, St Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
- Granov Russian Scientific Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg 197758, Russia
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18
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Rudyk RA, Checa MA, Catalán CA, Brandán SA. Structural, FT-IR, FT-Raman and ECD studies on the free base, cationic and hydrobromide species of scopolamine alkaloid. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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19
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da Costa Oliveira T, Santana MHP, Banks CE, Munoz RAA, Richter EM. Electrochemical Portable Method for On‐Site Screening of Scopolamine in Beverage and Urine Samples. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago da Costa Oliveira
- Institute of ChemistryFederal University of Uberlandia Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121 – Bairro Santa Mônica 38400-902 Uberlandia, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Mário H. P. Santana
- Technical and Scientific Unit – Regional Superintendence of Federal Police in Minas Gerais 38408-680 Uberlandia, MG Brazil
| | - Craig E. Banks
- Faculty of Science and EngineeringManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester, M1 5GD UK
| | - Rodrigo Alejandro Abarza Munoz
- Institute of ChemistryFederal University of Uberlandia Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121 – Bairro Santa Mônica 38400-902 Uberlandia, Minas Gerais Brazil
- National Institute of Bioanalytical Science and Technology, Campinas/SP 13083-861 Brazil
| | - Eduardo Mathias Richter
- Institute of ChemistryFederal University of Uberlandia Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121 – Bairro Santa Mônica 38400-902 Uberlandia, Minas Gerais Brazil
- National Institute of Bioanalytical Science and Technology, Campinas/SP 13083-861 Brazil
- Faculty of Science and EngineeringManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester, M1 5GD UK
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20
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Safe drugs in drug facilitated crimes and acute intoxications in Northern Italy. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2018; 14:442-449. [DOI: 10.1007/s12024-018-0010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Sandia S I, Ramírez V J, Piñero A J, Baptista T T. Treating 'Devil׳s Breath׳ intoxication: Use of rivastigmine in six patients with toxic psychoses due to non pharmaceutical scopolamine. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:833-834. [PMID: 28601550 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Sandia S
- University Hospital of The Andes, Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, University of The Andes, Mérida, Venezuela.
| | - Jorge Ramírez V
- University Hospital of The Andes, Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, University of The Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Javier Piñero A
- University Hospital of The Andes, Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, University of The Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Trino Baptista T
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, University of The Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
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