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Laurent J, Le Berre I, Armengaud J, Waeles M, Sturbois A, Durand G, Le Floch S, Laroche J, Pichereau V. Environmental signatures and fish proteomics: a multidisciplinary study to identify the major stressors in estuaries located in French agricultural watersheds. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024:124876. [PMID: 39383988 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
Watersheds and estuaries are impacted by multiple anthropogenic stressors that affect their biodiversity and functioning. Assessing their ecological quality has consequently remained challenging for scientists and stakeholders. In this paper, we propose a multidisciplinary approach to identify the stressors in seven small French estuaries located in agricultural watersheds. We collected data from landscape (geography, hydrobiology) to estuary (pollutant chemistry) and fish individual scales (environmental signatures, proteomics). This integrative approach focused on the whole hydrosystems, from river basins to estuaries. To characterize each watershed, we attempted to determine the land use considering geographic indicators (agricultural and urbanised surfaces) and landscape patterns (hedges density and riparian vegetation). Juveniles of European flounder (Platichthys flesus) were captured in September, after an average residence of five summer months in the estuary. Analyses of water, sediments and biota allowed to determine the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen species, pesticides and trace elements in the systems. Environmental signatures were also measured in flounder tissues. These environmental parameters were used to establish a typology of the watersheds. Furthermore, data from proteomics on fish liver were combined with environmental signatures to determine the responses of fish to stressors in their environments. Differential protein abundances highlighted a dysregulation related to the detoxification of xenobiotics (mainly pesticides) in agricultural watersheds, characterized by intensive cereal and vegetable crops and high livestock. Omics also revealed a dysregulation of proteins associated with the response to hypoxia and heat stress in some estuaries. Furthermore, we highlighted a dysregulation of proteins involved in urea cycle, immunity and metabolism of fatty acids in several systems. Finally, the combination of environmental and molecular signatures appears to be a relevant method to identify the major stressors operating within hydrosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Laurent
- Univ Brest - CNRS - IRD - Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, IUEM-Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France; CEDRE, 715 rue Alain Colas, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Iwan Le Berre
- Univ Brest - CNRS, UMR 6554 LETG-Brest GEOMER, IUEM-Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Laboratoire Innovations Technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRAe, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Matthieu Waeles
- Univ Brest - CNRS - IRD - Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, IUEM-Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Anthony Sturbois
- Univ Brest - CNRS - IRD - Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, IUEM-Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France; Vivarmor Nature, Réserve naturelle nationale de la Baie de Saint-Brieuc, Ploufragan, France
| | - Gaël Durand
- LABOCEA, 120 Avenue Alexis de Rochon, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | - Jean Laroche
- Univ Brest - CNRS - IRD - Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, IUEM-Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Vianney Pichereau
- Univ Brest - CNRS - IRD - Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, IUEM-Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
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Wang J, Liu Y, Yan Y, Wang A, Jiang Y, Wen Z, Qiao K, Li H, Hu T, Ma Y, Zhou S, Gui W, Li S. miR-29b-triggered epigenetic regulation of cardiotoxicity following exposure to deltamethrin in zebrafish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135213. [PMID: 39018602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Deltamethrin is a classical pyrethroid insecticide that is frequently detected in aquatic environments and organisms. Furthermore, deltamethrin has been detected in samples related to human health and is a potential risk to public health. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of cardiotoxicity induced by deltamethrin. Zebrafish were exposed to 0.005, 0.05, or 0.5 μg/L deltamethrin for 28 days. The results showed a significant reduction in male reproduction compared to female reproduction. Additionally, the heart rate decreased by 15.75 % in F1 after parental exposure to 0.5 μg/L deltamethrin. To evaluate cardiotoxicity, deltamethrin was administered to the zebrafish embryos. By using miRNA-Seq and bioinformatics analysis, it was discovered that miR-29b functions as a toxic regulator by targeting dnmts. The overexpression of miR-29b and inhibition of dnmts resulted in cardiac abnormalities, such as pericardial edema, bradycardia, and abnormal expression of genes related to the heart. Similar changes in the levels of miR-29b and dnmts were also detected in the gonads of F0 males and F1 embryos, confirming their effects. Overall, the results suggest that deltamethrin may have adverse effects on heart development in early-stage zebrafish and on reproduction in adult zebrafish. Furthermore, epigenetic modifications may threaten the cardiac function of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yujia Yan
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Aoxue Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yuyao Jiang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zexin Wen
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Kun Qiao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, PR China; Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University 10 Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Hanqing Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Tiantian Hu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yongfang Ma
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Shengli Zhou
- Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, PR China.
| | - Wenjun Gui
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Shuying Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Wang J, Li H, Liu Y, Andrzejczyk NE, Qiao K, Ma Y, Zhou S, Gui W, Zhu G, Li S, Schlenk D. Contribution of Immune Responses to the Cardiotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity of Deltamethrin in Early Life Stage Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9515-9524. [PMID: 38687472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DM) is a widely used insecticide that has demonstrated developmental toxicity in the early life stages of fish. To better characterize the underlying mechanisms, embryos from Tg(cmlc2:RFP), Tg(apo14:GFP), and Tg(mpx:GFP) transgenic strains of zebrafish were exposed to nominal DM concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, 25, and 50 μg/L until 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). Heart size increased 56.7%, and liver size was reduced by 17.1% in zebrafish exposed to 22.7 and 24.2 μg/L DM, respectively. RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses predicted that key biological processes affected by DM exposure were related to inflammatory responses. Expression of IL-1 protein was increased by 69.0% in the 24.4 μg/L DM treatment, and aggregation of neutrophils in cardiac and hepatic histologic sections was also observed. Coexposure to resatorvid, an anti-inflammatory agent, mitigated inflammatory responses and cardiac toxicity induced by DM and also restored liver biomass. Our data indicated a complex proinflammatory mechanism underlying DM-induced cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity which may be important for key events of adverse outcomes and associated risks of DM to early life stages of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Hanqing Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Nicolette E Andrzejczyk
- Department of Environmental Sciences,University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Kun Qiao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
- Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University 10 Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Yongfang Ma
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Shengli Zhou
- Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Gui
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Shuying Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences,University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Hernández-Caracheo K, Guerrero-López L, Rodríguez-Sánchez B, Rodríguez-Núñez E, Rodríguez-Chávez JL, Delgado-Lamas G, Campos-Guillén J, Amaro-Reyes A, Monroy-Dosta MDC, Zavala-Gómez CE, Chaparro-Sánchez R, Rodríguez-Morales JA, Pérez-Moreno V, Ramos-López MA. Evaluation of the Insecticidal Potential of Heterotheca inuloides Acetonic and Methanolic Extracts against Spodoptera frugiperda and Their Ecotoxicological Effect on Poecilia reticulata. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3555. [PMID: 37896019 PMCID: PMC10610112 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
For the management of Spodoptera frugiperda, botanical extracts have been used to reduce the environmental impacts of synthetic chemical pesticides. In the present investigation, the insecticidal activity of the acetonic and methanolic extracts of Heterotheca inuloides (Asteraceae) and of the main compound 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydrocadalene on this pest as well as its ecotoxicological effect on Poecilia reticulata were evaluated. A greater insecticidal response was obtained from the acetonic extracts than from the methanolic extracts, with LC50 values of 730.4 ppm and 711.7 ppm for samples 1 and 2, respectively. Similarly, there was a lethal effect on 50% of the P. reticulata population at low concentrations in the acetonic extract compared to the methanolic extract. The sesquiterpene 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydrocadalene has greater insecticidal activity by presenting an LC50 of 44.36 ppm; however, it is classified as moderately toxic for guppy fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Hernández-Caracheo
- Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico (L.G.-L.); (A.A.-R.); (C.E.Z.-G.); (V.P.-M.)
| | - Lina Guerrero-López
- Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico (L.G.-L.); (A.A.-R.); (C.E.Z.-G.); (V.P.-M.)
| | - Benjamín Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico (L.G.-L.); (A.A.-R.); (C.E.Z.-G.); (V.P.-M.)
| | - Enrique Rodríguez-Núñez
- Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico (L.G.-L.); (A.A.-R.); (C.E.Z.-G.); (V.P.-M.)
| | - José Luis Rodríguez-Chávez
- Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico (L.G.-L.); (A.A.-R.); (C.E.Z.-G.); (V.P.-M.)
- Ceickor University Center, Bernal Highway, Access to Ezequiel Montes Montes Km. 3, Los Benitos, CP., Queretaro 76299, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Campos-Guillén
- Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico (L.G.-L.); (A.A.-R.); (C.E.Z.-G.); (V.P.-M.)
| | - Aldo Amaro-Reyes
- Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico (L.G.-L.); (A.A.-R.); (C.E.Z.-G.); (V.P.-M.)
| | - María del Carmen Monroy-Dosta
- Man and His Environment Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University Xochimilco Unit, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Carlos Eduardo Zavala-Gómez
- Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico (L.G.-L.); (A.A.-R.); (C.E.Z.-G.); (V.P.-M.)
| | - Ricardo Chaparro-Sánchez
- Faculty of Informatics, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias s/n, Juriquilla 76101, Mexico
| | | | - Víctor Pérez-Moreno
- Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico (L.G.-L.); (A.A.-R.); (C.E.Z.-G.); (V.P.-M.)
| | - Miguel Angel Ramos-López
- Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico (L.G.-L.); (A.A.-R.); (C.E.Z.-G.); (V.P.-M.)
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Diéguez-Santana K, Nachimba-Mayanchi MM, Puris A, Gutiérrez RT, González-Díaz H. Prediction of acute toxicity of pesticides for Americamysis bahia using linear and nonlinear QSTR modelling approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113984. [PMID: 35981614 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Globally, pesticides are toxic substances with wide applications. However, the widespread use of pesticides has received increasing attention from regulatory agencies due to their various acute and chronic effects on multiple organisms. In this study, Quantitative Structure-Toxicity Relationship (QSTR) models were established using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and five Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to predict pesticide toxicity in Americamysis bahia. The most influential descriptors included in the MLR model are RBF, JGI2, nCbH, nRCOOR, nRSR, nPO4 and 'Cl-090', with positive contributions to the dependent variable (negative decimal logarithm of median lethal concentration at 96-h). The Random Forest (RF) regression model was superior amongst the five ML models. We observed higher values of R2 (0.812) and lower values of RMSE (0.595) and MAE (0.462) in the cross-validation training set and external validation set. Similarly, this study had a high level of fitness and was internally robust and externally predictive compared to models presented in similar studies. The results suggest that the developed QSTR models are suitable for reliably predicting the aquatic toxicity of structurally diverse pesticides and can be used for screening, prioritising new pesticides, filling data gaps and overcoming the limitations of in vivo and in vitro tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Diéguez-Santana
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain; Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Tena, Ecuador.
| | | | - Amilkar Puris
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Ecuador
| | | | - Humberto González-Díaz
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain; Basque Center for Biophysics CSIC-UPVEH, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Biscay, Spain
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Yang Y, Zhu X, Huang Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Xu N, Fu G, Ai X. RNA-Seq and 16S rRNA Analysis Revealed the Effect of Deltamethrin on Channel Catfish in the Early Stage of Acute Exposure. Front Immunol 2022; 13:916100. [PMID: 35747138 PMCID: PMC9211022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Deltamethrin (Del) is a widely used pyrethroid insecticide and a dangerous material that has brought serious problems to the healthy breeding of aquatic animals. However, the toxicological mechanisms of Del on channel catfish remain unclear. In the present study, we exposed channel catfish to 0, 0.5, and 5 μg/L Del for 6 h, and analyzed the changes in histopathology, trunk kidney transcriptome, and intestinal microbiota composition. The pathological analyses showed that a high concentration of Del damaged the intestine and trunk kidney of channel catfish in the early stage. The transcriptome analysis detected 32 and 1837 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in channel catfish trunk kidneys after exposure to 0.5 and 5 μg/L Del, respectively. Moreover, the KEGG pathway and GO enrichment analyses showed that the apoptosis signaling pathway was significantly enriched, and apoptosis-related DEGs, including cathepsin L, p53, Bax, and caspase-3, were also detected. These results suggested that apoptosis occurs in the trunk kidney of channel catfish in the early stage of acute exposure to Del. We also detected some DEGs and signaling pathways related to immunity and drug metabolism, indicating that early exposure to Del can lead to immunotoxicity and metabolic disorder of channel catfish, which increases the risk of pathogenic infections and energy metabolism disorders. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the composition of the intestinal microbiome significantly changed in channel catfish treated with Del. At the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria significantly decreased in the early stage of Del exposure. At the genus level, the abundance of Romboutsia, Lactobacillus, and Cetobacterium decreased after Del exposure. Overall, early exposure to Del can lead to tissue damage, metabolic disorder, immunotoxicity, and apoptosis in channel catfish, and affect the composition of its intestinal microbiota. Herein, we clarified the toxic effects of Del on channel catfish in the early stage of exposure and explored why fish under Del stress are more vulnerable to microbial infections and slow growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guihong Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Xie W, Zhao J, Zhu X, Chen S, Yang X. Pyrethroid bioaccumulation in wild fish linked to geographic distribution and feeding habit. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128470. [PMID: 35180516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of pyrethroid insecticides in aquatic food webs has attracted increased research attention. Fish are key species in aquatic food webs, directly connecting invertebrates and human consumption. However, little is known about the bioaccumulation of pyrethroids in wild fish species. In this study, 19 species of wild fish were collected from 11 sites in the Pearl River, China, and the levels of seven pyrethroids in the fish were determined. Linear mixed-effects models were applied to estimate the means of pyrethroid concentrations, in which sample site and fish species were set as random effects. The concentrations of Σ7 pyrethroids in fish ranged from 4.99 to 50.82 ng/g. Permethrin and bifenthrin were present at the highest concentration (8.89 ± 1.47 ng/g) and frequency (100%) in fish muscle, respectively. The composition patterns of pyrethroids varied in fish organs. Fish species contributed a higher proportion of the variance than geographic distribution (28.6% vs. 26.4%). The pyrethroids in carnivorous fish (23.5 ± 2.9 ng/g) were significantly higher than in omnivorous (14.6 ± 1.9 ng/g) and phytophagous fish (16.0 ± 4.7 ng/g). To our knowledge, this is the first report examining the effect of feeding habits on pyrethroid bioaccumulation in wild fish. The results can provide evidence for the risk of pyrethroid pollution in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Seafood Quality and Security Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Jiangang Zhao
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Seafood Quality and Security Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xunan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.
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Farag MR, Alagawany M, Bilal RM, Gewida AGA, Dhama K, Abdel-Latif HMR, Amer MS, Rivero-Perez N, Zaragoza-Bastida A, Binnaser YS, Batiha GES, Naiel MAE. An Overview on the Potential Hazards of Pyrethroid Insecticides in Fish, with Special Emphasis on Cypermethrin Toxicity. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071880. [PMID: 34201914 PMCID: PMC8300353 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pyrethroid insecticides are extensively used in controlling agricultural insects and treatment of ectoparasitic infestation in farm animals. However, the unhygienic disposable and seepage of pyrethroids from the agricultural runoff will lead to contamination of the aquatic ecosystems, which will, in turn, induce harmful toxic effects in the exposed living aquatic organisms, including fish. Cypermethrin (CYP) is a commonly and widely used type II pyrethroid insecticide with known dangerous toxic effects on the exposed organisms. Serious hazardous effects of these toxicants have been reported in several fish species leading to high mortalities and economic losses of the exposed fish. Abstract Pesticides are chemicals used to control pests, such as aquatic weeds, insects, aquatic snails, and plant diseases. They are extensively used in forestry, agriculture, veterinary practices, and of great public health importance. Pesticides can be categorized according to their use into three major types (namely insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides). Water contamination by pesticides is known to induce harmful impacts on the production, reproduction, and survivability of living aquatic organisms, such as algae, aquatic plants, and fish (shellfish and finfish species). The literature and information present in this review article facilitate evaluating the toxic effects from exposure to various fish species to different concentrations of pesticides. Moreover, a brief overview of sources, classification, mechanisms of action, and toxicity signs of pyrethroid insecticides in several fish species will be illustrated with special emphasis on Cypermethrin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada R. Farag
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Rana M. Bilal
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Baghdad ul Jadeed Campus, IUB, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Ahmed G. A. Gewida
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India;
| | - Hany M. R. Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud S. Amer
- Laser Application in Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Laser-Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Nallely Rivero-Perez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuaria, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1, Ex-Hda. de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo 43600, Hgo, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (N.R.-P.); (M.A.E.N.)
| | - Adrian Zaragoza-Bastida
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuaria, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1, Ex-Hda. de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo 43600, Hgo, Mexico;
| | - Yaser S. Binnaser
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medina Al-Munawara 41477, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Mohammed A. E. Naiel
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (N.R.-P.); (M.A.E.N.)
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9
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Topaz T, Egozi R, Suari Y, Ben-Ari J, Sade T, Chefetz B, Yahel G. Environmental risk dynamics of pesticides toxicity in a Mediterranean micro-estuary. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114941. [PMID: 32806444 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are potentially toxic to aquatic systems, even at low concentration, depending on their individual ecotoxicological properties and their mixture composition. Thus, to evaluate possible ecological stress due to pesticide load, a thorough assessment of the potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures is required. Here we report water discharge and quality data of an eastern Mediterranean micro-estuary (Alexander stream), targeting the temporal distribution of a pesticide mixture. Over 150 water samples were collected during 2 hydrological years representing base-flow and flood conditions. On average, each water sample contained 34 and 45 different pesticides with peak concentrations of 1.4 μg L-1 of Imidacloprid and 55 μg L-1 of Diuron during base-flow and flood events, respectively. Pesticide mixtures were potentially toxic to benthic invertebrates and algae during flood events, surpassing the toxicity benchmark with medians of 110% and 155%, respectively. The herbicide Diuron and the insecticide Imidacloprid were the main pesticides responsible for the high potential toxicity during flood events. The falling limb of the flood hydrographs was found to inflict the highest stress on the estuarine environment due to elevated toxicity combined with prolonged residence time of the water. Examination of the potential chronic toxicity of single compounds showed continuous stress for plants, algae, amphibians, crustaceans, insects and fish from nine pesticides. Our data show that the ecosystem of the Alexander micro-estuary is under a continuous chronic stress with acute peaks in potential toxicity during flood events and the period that follows them. We propose that analyzing a small set of flood-tail samples is needed for the evaluation of small estuarine ecosystems risk during the rainy season. From a management perspective, we suggest better control of application practices for Diuron in the watershed to minimize the stress to the estuarine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Topaz
- Dept. of Soil and Water Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel; Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Mikhmoret, 402970, Israel
| | - Roey Egozi
- The Soil Erosion Research Station, Soil Conservation and Drainage Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Yair Suari
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Mikhmoret, 402970, Israel
| | - Julius Ben-Ari
- The Interdepartmental Analytical Unit, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Tal Sade
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Mikhmoret, 402970, Israel
| | - Benny Chefetz
- Dept. of Soil and Water Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
| | - Gitai Yahel
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Mikhmoret, 402970, Israel
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10
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Wu Y, Li W, Yuan M, Liu X. The synthetic pyrethroid deltamethrin impairs zebrafish (Danio rerio) swim bladder development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 701:134870. [PMID: 31726413 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DM) is a widely used insecticide and reveals neural, cardiovascular and reproductive toxicity to various aquatic organisms. It has been known that DM negatively affects motion of zebrafish (Danio rerio). However, little is known in relation to the impacts of DM on development of swim bladder, which is a key organ for motion. In the present study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 20 and 40 µg/L DM. The changes of swim bladder morphology were observed and transcription levels of key genes were compared between DM treatments and the control. The results showed that DM treatments significantly blocked the formation of progenitor and tissue layers in swim bladder of zebrafish embryos, leading to failed inflation of swim bladder. Compared with the control, the key genes (pbx1, foxA3, mnx1, has2, anxa5b, hprt1l and elovl1a) responsible for swim bladder development also showed decreased levels in response to DM treatments, suggesting that DM might specifically affect swim bladder development. Moreover, transcription levels of genes in the Wnt (wnt5b, tcf3a, wnt1, wnt9b, fzd1, fzd3 and fzd5) and Hedgehog (ihhb, ptc1 and ptc2) signaling pathways all decreased significantly in response to DM treatments, compared with the control. Considering the importance of Wnt and Hedgehog pathways in development of swim bladder, these results suggested that DM might affect swim bladder development through inhibiting the Wnt and Hedgehog pathways. Overall, the present study reported that swim bladder might be a potential target organ of DM toxicity in zebrafish, which contributed more information to the evaluation of DM's environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Mingrui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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11
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Impacts of Human-Induced Pollution on Wild Fish Welfare. Anim Welf 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41675-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Eni G, Ibor OR, Andem AB, Oku EE, Chukwuka AV, Adeogun AO, Arukwe A. Biochemical and endocrine-disrupting effects in Clarias gariepinus exposed to the synthetic pyrethroids, cypermethrin and deltamethrin. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 225:108584. [PMID: 31394255 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated plasma biochemical and steroid hormone responses, together with gonado-histopathological alterations in Clarias gariepinus exposed to sublethal concentrations of two synthetic pyrethroids (cypermethrin and deltamethrin). Fish were exposed to environmentally-relevant concentrations of cypermethrin at 0 (ethanol solvent control), 0.07, 0.014, 0.028, 0.056) and deltamethrin at 0.22, 0.44, 0.88 and 1.76 μg/L, for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Plasma enzyme (aspartate transaminase: AST, alanine transaminase: ALT and alkaline phosphatase: ALP) and steroid hormones (estradiol-17β: E2, testosterone: T) levels were analyzed. Gonado-histopathological evaluation shows the presence of ovo-testis (intersex), oocytes atresia, cytoplasmic degeneration and clumping of vitellogenic oocytes in females, while male fish displayed enlargement and degeneration of testicular seminiferous tubules after 28 days exposure to cypermethrin and deltamethrin. Plasma biochemical analysis in pesticides exposed fish revealed that AST, ALT and ALP were significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, we observed respective and apparent concentration- and time-dependent increase and decrease of plasma E2 and T levels, compared to control. Interestingly, the significant increase in E2 levels paralleled gonadal ovo-testis (intersex) condition in exposed fish, indicating endocrine disruptive effects of cypermethrin and deltamethrin that favor the estrogenic pathway, in addition to overt negative consequences on reproductive, biochemical and physiological health of the exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Eni
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Oju R Ibor
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andem B Andem
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ene E Oku
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | | | - Aina O Adeogun
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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13
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Schweizer M, Miksch L, Köhler HR, Triebskorn R. Does Bti (Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis) affect Rana temporaria tadpoles? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 181:121-129. [PMID: 31176246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biocides based on toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) are established as alternatives to conventional chemical insecticides for mosquito control all across the globe since they are regarded ecologically compatible and harmless to non-target species. Since recent studies on amphibian larvae have called this opinion into question, we exposed Rana temporaria tadpoles to single (1 mg/L), tenfold (10 mg/L) and hundredfold (100 mg/L) field concentrations of VectoBac® WG (a water dispersible granule Bti formulation) in the laboratory for eleven days to investigate whether larvae were adversely affected by Bti and its endotoxin proteins. In addition to a negative (water) control, a positive control based on organic rice protein (50 mg/L) was run to check for the nutritional relevance of Bti proteins. There was no Bti-related mortality and a histopathological analysis of tadpole intestines revealed no adverse effects. Analyses of biomarkers for proteotoxicity (stress protein family, Hsp70) and neurotoxicity or metabolic action (b-esterases acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and carboxylesterases) revealed no significant differences between Bti treatments and the negative control. The responses of tadpoles in the protein-supplemented positive control differed from those of the negative control and the Bti treatments. Tadpoles in the positive control had reduced body mass and elevated AChE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Schweizer
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Lukas Miksch
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heinz-R Köhler
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rita Triebskorn
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Steinbeis Transfer-Center for Ecotoxicology and Ecophysiology, Blumenstr. 13, 72108, Rottenburg am Neckar, Germany
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14
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Bravo N, Grimalt JO, Bocca B, Pino A, Bin M, Brumatti LV, Rosolen V, Barbone F, Ronfani L, Alimonti A, Calamandrei G. Urinary metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides in children from an Italian cohort (PHIME, Trieste). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108508. [PMID: 31200128 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Urinary metabolites of organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid (PYR) pesticides from seven years old children of a birth cohort study (n=199; PHIME cohort of Trieste, Italy) have been measured. Six OP and two PYR metabolites have been investigated, 2-diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidin-4-ol (DEAMPY, pirimiphos metabolite) was the one found at higher concentrations, median 3.4 ng/mL specific gravity adjusted (SG adjusted), followed by 4-nitrophenol (PNP, median 1.4 ng/mL SG adjusted) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY, median 0.36 ng/mL SG adjusted), parathion and chlorpyriphos metabolites, respectively. TCPY concentrations were low in comparison to other distributions of OP metabolites in children from other studies. Accordingly, the PHIME cohort showed a distinct OP metabolite distribution with high concentrations of pirimiphos and parathion. Another specific characteristic of this cohort was the high concentration of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-BPA, median 0.36 ng/mL SG adjusted), a general metabolite of PYR pesticides. Evaluation of anthropometric and socio-demographic characteristics of children and families only showed a positive association between family educational level and urinary concentrations of DEAMPY metabolite (p<0.05), which could reflect distinct dietary habits depending on the educational level. Estimated daily intakes were evaluated, all studied metabolites were found within safe levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bravo
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Pino
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Maura Bin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabio Barbone
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Ronfani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Gemma Calamandrei
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Roma, Italy.
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15
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Bownik A, Kowalczyk M, Bańczerowski J. Lambda-cyhalothrin affects swimming activity and physiological responses of Daphnia magna. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:805-811. [PMID: 30396141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
λ-cyhalotrin is a pyrethroid pesticide used for protection of crops against various insect pests. Knowledge on behavioural and physiological responses of non-target organisms such as cladocerans is very limited. Daphnia is a sensitive organism commonly used in determination of ecotoxicological risk for various substances introduced to aquatic environment, however the main experimental endpoints used such as mortality or immobilisation may not be sufficient to evaluate subtle alterations in zooplankton. The aim of the present study was to evaluate swimming behaviour and physiological parameters of Daphnia magna exposed to λ-cyhalothrin (Karate Zeon 050 CS) at concentrations of 0.05, 0.5, 5 and 50 μg L-1 for 2, 24 and 48 h. The results showed that λ-cyhalothrin affected D. magna swimming behaviour inducing a concentration-dependent inhibition of swimming track density, speed and turning ability. Depression of physiological parameters such as heart rate and thoracic limb activity was also noted. The results suggest that in natural conditions swimming behaviour and physiological endpoints of D. magna may be disturbed by environmental concentrations of λ-cyhalothrin leading to ecological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bownik
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland, 13 Akademicka Str, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Michał Kowalczyk
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland, 13 Akademicka Str, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jan Bańczerowski
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland, 13 Akademicka Str, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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