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Ozkan H, Tuzun F, Taheri S, Korhan P, Akokay P, Yılmaz O, Duman N, Özer E, Tufan E, Kumral A, Özkul Y. Epigenetic Programming Through Breast Milk and Its Impact on Milk-Siblings Mating. Front Genet 2020; 11:569232. [PMID: 33133155 PMCID: PMC7565666 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.569232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The epigenetic effects of transmission of certain regulatory molecules, such as miRNAs, through maternal milk on future generations, are still unknown and have not been fully understood yet. We hypothesized that breastfeeding regularly by adoptive-mother may cause transmission of miRNAs as epigenetic regulating factors to the infant, and the marriage of milk-siblings may cause various pathologies in the future generations. Results A cross-fostering model using a/a and Avy/a mice had been established. F2 milk-sibling and F2 control groups were obtained from mating of milk-siblings or unrelated mice. Randomized selected animals in the both F2 groups were sacrificed for miRNA expression studies and the remainings were followed for phenotypic changes (coat color, obesity, hyperglycemia, liver pathology, and life span). The lifespan in the F2 milk-sibling group was shorter than the control group (387 vs 590 days, p = 0.011) and they were more obese during the aging period. Histopathological examination of liver tissues revealed abnormal findings in F2 milk-sibling group. In order to understand the epigenetic mechanisms leading to these phenotypic changes, we analyzed miRNA expression differences between offspring of milk-sibling and control matings and focused on the signaling pathways regulating lifespan and metabolism. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that differentially expressed miRNAs were associated with pathways regulating metabolism, survival, and cancer development such as the PI3K-Akt, ErbB, mTOR, and MAPK, insulin signaling pathways. We further analyzed the expression patterns of miR-186-5p, miR-141-3p, miR-345-5p, and miR-34c-5p and their candidate target genes Mapk8, Gsk3b, and Ppargc1a in ovarian and liver tissues. Conclusion Our findings support for the first time that the factors modifying the epigenetic mechanisms may be transmitted by breast milk and these epigenetic interactions may be transferred transgenerationally. Results also suggested hereditary epigenetic effects of cross-fostering on future generations and the impact of mother-infant dyad on epigenetic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ozkan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Funda Tuzun
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Serpil Taheri
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Erciyes University's Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell (Genkok), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Peyda Korhan
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Pınar Akokay
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, İzmir Kavram University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Osman Yılmaz
- The Experimental Animal Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Nuray Duman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Erdener Özer
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Tufan
- Erciyes University's Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell (Genkok), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Kumral
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkul
- Erciyes University's Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell (Genkok), Kayseri, Turkey.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Sharma S, Singh R. Detection and discrimination of seminal fluid using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. Int J Legal Med 2019; 134:411-432. [PMID: 31814056 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Semen is most frequently encountered body fluid in forensic cases apart from blood especially in sexual assault cases. The presence and absence of semen can help in conviction or exoneration of a suspect by either confirming or refuting the claims put forward by the suspect and the victim. However, in the wake of limited studies on non-destructive and rapid analysis of semen, it is fairly difficult. Therefore, it is an increasing demand to pioneer the application of available analytical methods in such manner that non-destructive, automated, rapid, and reliable identification and discrimination of body fluids can be established. In the present study, such a methodological application of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy has been put forward as one of the initial steps towards the identification and discrimination/classification of seminal fluid from vaginal fluid and other human biological as well as non-biological look-alike semen substances using chemometric tools which are principal component analysis (PCA), partial least square regression (PLSR), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Effect of other simulated factors such as substrate interference, mixing with other body fluids, dilutions, and washing and chemical treatments to the samples has been studied. PCA resulted in 98.8% of accuracy for the discrimination of seminal fluid from vaginal fluid whilst 100% accuracy was obtained using LDA method. One hundred percent discrimination was achieved to discriminate semen from other biological fluids using PLSR and LDA, and from non-biological substances using PCA-LDA models. Furthermore, results of the effect of substrates, chemical treatment, mixing with vaginal secretions, and dilution have also been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweety Sharma
- Department of Forensic Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Rajinder Singh
- Department of Forensic Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
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