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Kazmi S, Zaidi SJA, Reesu GV, Shepherd S. Dental age estimation using the Kvaal method-an evaluation of length and width ratios: a systematic review. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2024; 20:239-248. [PMID: 36773212 PMCID: PMC10944388 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically review the correlational accuracy between width ratios and length ratios based on the Kvaal methodology with chronological age. This systematic review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The search strategy included ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, and Taylor and Francis and Willey online without time or language restriction using Kvaal method of age estimation as key words for the search up to December 2021. A team of two researchers independently selected the studies and extracted the data. The Covidence platform was used to systematically organize all titles. The full texts of eligible studies were analyzed. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using a modified (to the specific characteristics of this systematic review) checklist based on Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement checklist for observational studies. A total of 658 articles were initially reviewed, but 22 were selected for inclusion. The risk of bias was estimated to be unclear to low overall. Among the length ratios, ratio R showed a strong association with chronological age, followed by ratio P. For the width ratios, ratio B demonstrated a close association with chronological age, followed by ratio C. The results suggest that width ratios correlate better with chronological age than length ratios. This systematic review suggests the width ratios are more strongly associated with chronological age than the length ratios. Using a width ratio could serve as a convenient and rapid way to estimate dental age. Our results apply equally to all types of ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kazmi
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Jaffar Abbas Zaidi
- Department of Oral Biology, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Simon Shepherd
- Dundee Dental Hospital & Research School, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
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2
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Çelik H, Kılıçarslan MA, Boyacioglu H, Bilecen B. Application of the Kvaal method to CBCT reconstructed panoramic images for age estimation. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2024:10.1007/s12024-024-00783-x. [PMID: 38273090 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
As the teeth are more durable than other parts of the skeleton, they provide valuable data for age estimation. Age estimation from adult teeth is mainly based on secondary dentin production. The present study aimed to devise a regression formula for age estimation specific to the Anatolian population using the Kvaal method on CBCT reconstructed panoramic images. In total, 201 individuals aged between 20 and 69 were divided into two groups: data from the study group (n = 101) were used to create the regression formulae, and data from the control group (n = 100) were used to test the formulae. Pearson's correlation coefficients and linear regression analyses were performed. Maxillary teeth provided more accurate age estimates than mandibular teeth. The regression formulae derived in this study are found to be statistically applicable and reasonably accurate. However, these results should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Çelik
- Forensic Sciences Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Ali Kılıçarslan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Boyacioglu
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Bilecen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
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Vila-Blanco N, Varas-Quintana P, Tomás I, Carreira MJ. A systematic overview of dental methods for age assessment in living individuals: from traditional to artificial intelligence-based approaches. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:1117-1146. [PMID: 37055627 PMCID: PMC10247592 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-02960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Dental radiographies have been used for many decades for estimating the chronological age, with a view to forensic identification, migration flow control, or assessment of dental development, among others. This study aims to analyse the current application of chronological age estimation methods from dental X-ray images in the last 6 years, involving a search for works in the Scopus and PubMed databases. Exclusion criteria were applied to discard off-topic studies and experiments which are not compliant with a minimum quality standard. The studies were grouped according to the applied methodology, the estimation target, and the age cohort used to evaluate the estimation performance. A set of performance metrics was used to ensure good comparability between the different proposed methodologies. A total of 613 unique studies were retrieved, of which 286 were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Notable tendencies to overestimation and underestimation were observed in some manual approaches for numeric age estimation, being especially notable in the case of Demirjian (overestimation) and Cameriere (underestimation). On the other hand, the automatic approaches based on deep learning techniques are scarcer, with only 17 studies published in this regard, but they showed a more balanced behaviour, with no tendency to overestimation or underestimation. From the analysis of the results, it can be concluded that traditional methods have been evaluated in a wide variety of population samples, ensuring good applicability in different ethnicities. On the other hand, fully automated methods were a turning point in terms of performance, cost, and adaptability to new populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Vila-Blanco
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Departamento de Electrónica e Computación, Escola Técnica Superior de Enxeñaría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paulina Varas-Quintana
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialities, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Tomás
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialities, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María J. Carreira
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Departamento de Electrónica e Computación, Escola Técnica Superior de Enxeñaría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Qu W, Cai J, Jiang B, Wen D, He W, Wang C, Xing H, Yang Z, Li J, Zha L, Liu Y, Zhou J. Combining the third molar mineralization to further improve the accuracy of the Kvaal's method in dental age estimation of subadults in northern China. Forensic Sci Res 2023; 8:24-29. [PMID: 37415799 PMCID: PMC10265960 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The morphological changes based on deposition of secondary dentin and mineralization of the third molar have been proven to be related to chronological age. However, Kvaal's method on the theory of deposition of secondary dentin was controversial with respect to dental age estimation in the recent research. The aim of this study was to combine the parameters of Kvaal's method with relatively high correlation coefficients and mineralization stages of the third molar to improve the accuracy of predicting the dental age of subadults in northern China. A total of 340 digital orthopantomograms of subadults aged from 15 to 21 years were analysed. A training group was used to test the accuracy of the original Kvaal's method and to establish novel methods for subadults in northern China. A testing group was used to compare the accuracy of the newly established methods with the Kvaal's original method and with published method specifically used in northern China. To increase the feasibility of our estimation model, we combined the mineralization of the third molar to build a combined specific formula. The results showed that the combined specific model increased the coefficient of determination to 0.513, and the standard error of the estimate was reduced to 1.482 years. We concluded that the combined specific model based on the deposition of secondary dentin and mineralization of the third molar could improve the accuracy of dental age assessment of subadults in northern China. KEY POINTS The decrease in the dental pulp cavity based on deposition of secondary dentin is a useful variable for assessing age.A total of 340 orthopantomographs were used in this research, including 278 in training groups and 62 in testing groups.Original Kvaal's method underestimated the dental age for subadults in northern China.The equation of combined specific method constructed in our study was proved more suitable to calculate dental age for subadults in northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Qu
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jifeng Cai
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bowei Jiang
- Department of Scientific Instrument, The First Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security of P.R.C, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wen
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chudong Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Xing
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zedeng Yang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jienan Li
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lagabaiyila Zha
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Xiangya Hospital of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Integrated Emergency Dental Care and General Dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Santos MA, Muinelo-Lorenzo J, Fernández-Alonso A, Cruz-Landeira A, Aroso C, Suárez-Cunqueiro MM. Age Estimation Using Maxillary Central Incisor Analysis on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Human Images. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13370. [PMID: 36293951 PMCID: PMC9603614 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Forensic dentistry plays an important role in human identification, and dental age estimation is an important part of the process. Secondary dentin deposition throughout an individual's lifetime and consequent modification in teeth anatomy is an important parameter for age estimation procedures. The aim of the present study was to develop regression equations to determine age in adults by means of linear measurements and ratios on sagittal, coronal and axial slices of maxillary central incisors using cone bean computed tomography (CBCT). Multiplanar measurements of upper central incisors were taken for a sample of 373 CBCTs. Subsequently, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate linear regressions were performed for age estimation. The equations obtained from axial linear measurements and ratios presented a standard error of the estimate (SEE) of ±10.9 years (R2 = 0.49), and a SEE of ±10.8 years (R2 = 0.50), respectively. The equation obtained for multiplanar linear measurements presented a SEE of ±10.9 years (R2 = 0.52), while the equation for multiplanar ratios presented a SEE of ±10.7 years (R2 = 0.51). Thus, CBCT measurements on upper central incisors were found to be an acceptable method for age estimation. Horizontal measurements, especially pulp measurements, improve the accuracy of age estimate equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Arminda Santos
- Department of Dental Science, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Muinelo-Lorenzo
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Alonso
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angelines Cruz-Landeira
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Pathology, Ginecology and Obstetrics, and Pediatrics, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Aroso
- Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politénico e Universitario (CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - María Mercedes Suárez-Cunqueiro
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Zdravkovic D, Jovanovic M, Papic M, Ristic V, Milojevic Samanovic A, Kocovic A, Sovrlic M, Vuletic M, Misic A, Mladenovic R, Milosavljevic M, Todic J. Application of the Kvaal Method in Age Estimation of the Serbian Population Based on Dental Radiographs. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040911. [PMID: 35453959 PMCID: PMC9030953 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of the Kvaal method in determining the age of a Serbian population. In this retrospective descriptive study, 170 dental patients (age range 16–77 years) were included. The measurements of six types of teeth were performed on digital orthopantomography radiographs according to the Kvaal method. Statistical inter-observer and intra-observer reliabilities were calculated to evaluate the reproducibility of the measurements, as well as to examine the correlation between chronological age and measured values. The evaluation revealed a substantial difference (over 12 years) between chronological and estimated age. The P ratio had the strongest correlation with chronological age for the maxillary central (r = ±0.293) and lateral incisors (r = ±0.240), whereas the pulp/root width ratio at level A had the strongest correlation for the mandibular first premolars (r = ±0.270). The lowest SD values, for measurements on teeth 15/25 (SD = 125,787), had the most accurate correlation with age. Thus, we can conclude that the original Kvaal method is not applicable in the age estimation of the Serbian population. For future research, we suggest using cone beam computer tomography as a precise technology to evaluate the applicability of Kvaal and other methods for age estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Zdravkovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.Z.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (V.R.); (A.M.S.); (M.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Milica Jovanovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.Z.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (V.R.); (A.M.S.); (M.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Milos Papic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.Z.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (V.R.); (A.M.S.); (M.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Vladimir Ristic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.Z.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (V.R.); (A.M.S.); (M.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Andjela Milojevic Samanovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.Z.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (V.R.); (A.M.S.); (M.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Aleksandar Kocovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (A.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Miroslav Sovrlic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (A.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Miona Vuletic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.Z.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (V.R.); (A.M.S.); (M.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Aleksandra Misic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.Z.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (V.R.); (A.M.S.); (M.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Rasa Mladenovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.Z.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (V.R.); (A.M.S.); (M.V.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Marko Milosavljevic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.Z.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (V.R.); (A.M.S.); (M.V.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Jelena Todic
- Clinic of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Pristina, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia;
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Herianti VR, Oscandar F, Dardjan M. A retrospective institutional study of human age determination by evaluating the pulp length and width ratio of the maxillary lateral incisor on panoramic radiographs in Indonesian subjects. Imaging Sci Dent 2022; 51:421-427. [PMID: 34988003 PMCID: PMC8695468 DOI: 10.5624/isd.20210117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The pulp length to width (PL/W) ratio of the maxillary lateral incisor can be used as an age determination method. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the PL/W ratio of the maxillary lateral incisor on panoramic radiographs and human chronological age in Indonesian subjects. Materials and Methods This study analyzed with 134 maxillary lateral incisors on 113 panoramic radiographs from patients who visited the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Unit of Dental Hospital Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, from 2013 to 2018 (age range: between 11 to 60 years). The pulp length was measured from the pulp chamber roof to the apical foramen, and the pulp width was measured on the cervical area of the cementoenamel junction in millimeters using Fiji ImageJ open-source software. Simple linear regression (in SPSS) was used to analyze the results. The reliability of the observers was evaluated. Results The PL/W ratio of the maxillary lateral incisor was significantly correlated with chronological age (P<0.01). No statistically significant difference was found in the PL/W ratio between the left and right maxillary lateral incisors (P=0.333). There was a very strong correlation (r=0.939) between the PL/W ratio of the maxillary lateral incisor and human chronological age, with the following formula: age= -3.057+1.875×PL/W ratio (R2=0.882, standard error of estimate: 4.659). Conclusion The PL/W ratio of the maxillary lateral incisor on panoramic radiograph can be used for age determination in Indonesian subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fahmi Oscandar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
| | - Murnisari Dardjan
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
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Vossoughi M, Movahhedian N, Ghafoori A. The impact of age mimicry bias on the accuracy of methods for age estimation based on Kvaal's pulp/tooth ratios: a bootstrap study. Int J Legal Med 2021; 136:269-278. [PMID: 34291317 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methods based on pulp/tooth ratios proposed by Kvaal et al. (1995) have been widely used for age estimation in adults. The tendency of age estimates to mimic the age structure of the reference population, i.e. age mimicry bias, is a possible source of controversy in the results of studies. The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of age mimicry bias on the accuracy of the original Kvaal's method and its recent modification proposed by Roh et al. (2018). METHOD AND MATERIAL The study sample comprised 240 cone-beam computed tomography scans of an Iranian population. The bootstrap procedure was used to study the impact of age mimicry bias on age estimates by constructing reference populations with different age structures. The accuracy of Kvaal's and Roh's variables for age estimation was assessed using a twofold cross-validation technique and principal component analysis. RESULTS The application of original equations resulted in SEE values highly greater than the acceptable threshold for forensic purposes (10 years). The population-specific equations obtained SEE values of 9.18, 11.03, and 9.22 years using Kvaal's variables and 9.19, 11.13, and 9.14 years using Roh's variable for the maxillary, mandibular, and all teeth, respectively. The bootstrap procedure revealed that using uneven reference populations to formulate the equation resulted in significantly greater SEEs (almost all >10 years) that were not acceptable for forensic purposes. Moreover, using an older (a younger) reference population contributed to a sharp rise in the amount of over- (under-) estimation for younger (older) age groups. CONCLUSION Age mimicry bias had an undesirable impact on the accuracy of dental age estimation based on Kvaal's and Roh's methods. The accuracy of the original equations was low for age estimation in the Iranian sample. However, the performance of the population-specific equations was reasonably acceptable for the maxillary and all six teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Vossoughi
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Movahhedian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Alireza Ghafoori
- Undergraduate Student, Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Pham CV, Lee SJ, Kim SY, Lee S, Kim SH, Kim HS. Age estimation based on 3D post-mortem computed tomography images of mandible and femur using convolutional neural networks. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251388. [PMID: 33979376 PMCID: PMC8115850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age assessment has attracted increasing attention in the field of forensics. However, most existing works are laborious and requires domain-specific knowledge. Modern computing power makes it is possible to leverage massive amounts of data to produce more reliable results. Therefore, it is logical to use automated age estimation approaches to handle large datasets. In this study, a fully automated age prediction approach was proposed by assessing 3D mandible and femur scans using deep learning. A total of 814 post-mortem computed tomography scans from 619 men and 195 women, within the age range of 20-70, were collected from the National Forensic Service in South Korea. Multiple preprocessing steps were applied for each scan to normalize the image and perform intensity correction to create 3D voxels that represent these parts accurately. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by 10-fold cross-validation. The initial cross-validation results illustrated the potential of the proposed method as it achieved a mean absolute error of 5.15 years with a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.80. The proposed approach is likely to be faster and potentially more reliable, which could be used for age assessment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Van Pham
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - So-Yeon Kim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sookyoung Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Forensic Medicine, National Forensic Service, Gangwondo, South Korea
| | - Soo-Hyung Kim
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Age estimation in the living: A scoping review of population data for skeletal and dental methods. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 320:110689. [PMID: 33561788 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Age estimation of living individuals has become a crucial part of the forensic practice, especially due to the global increase in cross-border migration. The low rate of birth registration in many countries, hence of identification documents of migrants, especially in Africa and Asia, highlights the importance of reliable methods for age estimation of living individuals. Despite the fact that a number of skeletal and dental methods for age estimation have been developed, their main limitation is that they are based on specific reference samples and there is still no consensus among researchers on whether these methods can be applied to all populations. Though this issue remains still unsolved, population information at a glance could be useful for forensic practitioners dealing with such issues. This study aims at presenting a scoping review and mapping of the current situation concerning population data for skeletal (hand-wrist and clavicle) and dental methods (teeth eruption and third molar formation) for age estimation in the living. Two hundred studies on the rate of skeletal maturation and four hundred thirty-nine on the rate of dental maturation were found, covering the period from 1952 and 2020 for a total of ninety-eight countries. For most of the western and central African countries there are currently no data on the rate of skeletal and dental maturation. The same applies to the countries of the Middle East, as well as the eastern European countries, especially as regard the skeletal development.
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Sehrawat JS, Singh M. Application of Kvaal's radiological method for dental age estimation of Ajnala skeletal remains: A cross-validation study. FORENSIC IMAGING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fri.2020.200401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li M, Zhao J, Chen W, Chen X, Chu G, Chen T, Guo Y. Can canines alone be used for age estimation in Chinese individuals when applying the Kvaal method? Forensic Sci Res 2020; 7:132-137. [PMID: 35784430 PMCID: PMC9245990 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2020.1717029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the secondary dentin formation, the dental pulp undergoes changes in shape throughout life. Based on this phenomenon, the Kvaal method has been applied to various populations for age estimation, and its usefulness has been verified. When applying the Kvaal method to Chinese subjects, we observed a relatively strong correlation between mandibular canines and age. This study notes the correlation between canines and chronological age and is the first to identify which canine is most closely related to chronological age. In addition, a new, simpler formula is determined based on canines according to Kvaal's methodology. The radiographs of 360 individuals from northern China were selected, from which the widths and lengths of the pulp from four canines were measured according to the Kvaal method. Next, inter- and intra-observer reliabilities were analyzed in order to assess the repeatability of these measurements. The correlation between measurements and age was examined, and Chinese-specific age estimation formulae were derived. The results revealed that the ratios from the left maxillary canine exhibited the strongest correlation with age compared to the other canines, whereas the left mandibular canine showed the weakest correlation, which may contribute to the overall poor correlation of mandibular canines with age. What's more, the formula derived from the left maxillary canine in this study displayed the highest coefficients of determination, and the formula derived from all canines showed the lowest residuals. Both of these formulae performed better than the Chinese-specific formula derived from six different types of teeth in our previous study, which had formerly possessed the highest coefficients of determination and the lowest residuals. Thus, we concluded that canines do play an important role in age estimation in the Chinese population, and the correlation between maxillary canines and chronological age is stronger than that of mandibular canines, although no distinct trend as to which side is better correlated with age was established. Going forward, we recommend the analysis of additional samples from different geographical regions and populations to further verify the importance of canines in age estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujia Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guang Chu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Teng Chen
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yucheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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