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Polyakov NE, Mastova AV, Kruppa AI, Asfandiarov NL, Pshenichnyuk SA. Glycyrrhetinic acid interaction with solvated and free electrons studied by the CIDNP and dissociative electron attachment techniques. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:035102. [PMID: 39007395 DOI: 10.1063/5.0214342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Electron transfer plays a crucial role in living systems, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxygen acts as the terminal electron acceptor in the respiratory chains of aerobic organisms as well as in some photoinduced processes followed by the formation of ROS. This is why the participation of exogenous antioxidants in electron transfer processes in living systems is of particular interest. In the present study, using chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) and dissociative electron attachment (DEA) techniques, we have elucidated the affinity of solvated and free electrons to glycyrrhetinic acid (GA)-the aglicon of glycyrrhizin (the main active component of Licorice root). CIDNP is a powerful instrument to study the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions in solution, but the DEA technique shows its effectiveness in gas phase processes. For CIDNP experiments, the photoionization of the dianion of 5-sulfosalicylic acid (HSSA2-) was used as a model reaction of solvated electron generation. DEA experiments testify that GA molecules are even better electron acceptors than molecular oxygen, at least under gas-phase conditions. In addition, the effect of the solvent on the energetics of the reactants is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay E Polyakov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna V Mastova
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander I Kruppa
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nail L Asfandiarov
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya 151, 450075 Ufa, Russia
| | - Stanislav A Pshenichnyuk
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya 151, 450075 Ufa, Russia
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2
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Ademowo OS, Oyebode O, Edward R, Conway ME, Griffiths HR, Dias IHK. Effects of carotenoids on mitochondrial dysfunction. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:65-74. [PMID: 38385583 PMCID: PMC10903474 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, an imbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant status, favouring the pro-oxidant state is a result of increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inadequate antioxidant protection. ROS are produced through several mechanisms in cells including during mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Increased mitochondrial-derived ROS are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, an early event in age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's diseases (ADs) and in metabolic disorders including diabetes. AD post-mortem investigations of affected brain regions have shown the accumulation of oxidative damage to macromolecules, and oxidative stress has been considered an important contributor to disease pathology. An increase in oxidative stress, which leads to increased levels of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and other ROS in a potentially vicious cycle is both causative and a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction may be ameliorated by molecules with antioxidant capacities that accumulate in mitochondria such as carotenoids. However, the role of carotenoids in mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction is not fully understood. A better understanding of the role of antioxidants in mitochondrial function is a promising lead towards the development of novel and effective treatment strategies for age-related diseases. This review evaluates and summarises some of the latest developments and insights into the effects of carotenoids on mitochondrial dysfunction with a focus on the antioxidant properties of carotenoids. The mitochondria-protective role of carotenoids may be key in therapeutic strategies and targeting the mitochondria ROS is emerging in drug development for age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi Stella Ademowo
- Biomedical and Clinical Science Research, School of Sciences, University of Derby, Derby U.K
| | - Olubukola Oyebode
- Biomedical and Clinical Science Research, School of Sciences, University of Derby, Derby U.K
| | - Roshita Edward
- Biomedical and Clinical Science Research, School of Sciences, University of Derby, Derby U.K
| | - Myra E Conway
- Biomedical and Clinical Science Research, School of Sciences, University of Derby, Derby U.K
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, U.K
| | - Irundika H K Dias
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham U.K
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3
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Polyakov NE, Focsan AL, Gao Y, Kispert LD. The Endless World of Carotenoids-Structural, Chemical and Biological Aspects of Some Rare Carotenoids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9885. [PMID: 37373031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are a large and diverse group of compounds that have been shown to have a wide range of potential health benefits. While some carotenoids have been extensively studied, many others have not received as much attention. Studying the physicochemical properties of carotenoids using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and density functional theory (DFT) helped us understand their chemical structure and how they interact with other molecules in different environments. Ultimately, this can provide insights into their potential biological activity and how they might be used to promote health. In particular, some rare carotenoids, such as sioxanthin, siphonaxanthin and crocin, that are described here contain more functional groups than the conventional carotenoids, or have similar groups but with some situated outside of the rings, such as sapronaxanthin, myxol, deinoxanthin and sarcinaxanthin. By careful design or self-assembly, these rare carotenoids can form multiple H-bonds and coordination bonds in host molecules. The stability, oxidation potentials and antioxidant activity of the carotenoids can be improved in host molecules, and the photo-oxidation efficiency of the carotenoids can also be controlled. The photostability of the carotenoids can be increased if the carotenoids are embedded in a nonpolar environment when no bonds are formed. In addition, the application of nanosized supramolecular systems for carotenoid delivery can improve the stability and biological activity of rare carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay E Polyakov
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics & Combustion, Institutskaya Str. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A Ligia Focsan
- Department of Chemistry, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698, USA
| | - Yunlong Gao
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lowell D Kispert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
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4
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Su W, Xu W, Liu E, Su W, Polyakov NE. Improving the Treatment Effect of Carotenoids on Alzheimer's Disease through Various Nano-Delivery Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087652. [PMID: 37108814 PMCID: PMC10142927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds have recently emerged as a current strategy for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Carotenoids, including astaxanthin, lycopene, lutein, fucoxanthin, crocin and others are natural pigments and antioxidants, and can be used to treat a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. However, carotenoids, as oil-soluble substances with additional unsaturated groups, suffer from low solubility, poor stability and poor bioavailability. Therefore, the preparation of various nano-drug delivery systems from carotenoids is a current measure to achieve efficient application of carotenoids. Different carotenoid delivery systems can improve the solubility, stability, permeability and bioavailability of carotenoids to a certain extent to achieve Alzheimer's disease efficacy. This review summarizes recent data on different carotenoid nano-drug delivery systems for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, including polymer, lipid, inorganic and hybrid nano-drug delivery systems. These drug delivery systems have been shown to have a beneficial therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's disease to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Enshuo Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Weike Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Nikolay E Polyakov
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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5
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Interplay of electronic and geometric structure on Cu phenanthroline, bipyridine and derivative complexes, synthesis, characterization, and reactivity towards oxygen. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Cetin Aluc C, Gok B, Kecel-Gunduz S, Budama-Kilinc Y. Glycyrrhizic acid Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles: anti-aging cosmeceutical formulation for topical applications. PeerJ 2022. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is one of the components of licorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.). GA is a triterpenoid saponin can be used as a medicinal plant with its antiallergic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, hepatoprotective, anticancer, anti-oxidation activities and several other therapeutic properties. The aim of this study is to develop an anti-aging formulation for topical application containing GA. In this context, GA-loaded Poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using the double emulsion method, and were characterized by various spectroscopic methods. The efficacy of GA-PLGA NPs was evaluated with in vitro and in silico methods. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were calculated. The in vitro release study was conducted, and the GA release profile was determined. The genotoxic activity of GA and GA-PLGA NPs was evaluated by the Ames test using TA98 and TA100 mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium. The cytotoxic potential of GA-PLGA NPs was evaluated on the HaCaT cell line using the MTT assay. According to the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity results, it was found that the GA-PLGA NP formulation did not exhibit genotoxic and cytotoxic effects. Moreover, the efficacy of GA in preventing UVB-induced photo-aging in HaCaT cells and the clarification of the molecular mechanism of GA binding to MMPs were revealed by molecular docking analysis. In addition, through molecular dynamics (MD) analysis, the binding interaction of GA with MMPs in a dynamic system, and protein-ligand stability were predicted as a result of 50 ns MD simulation studies considering various analysis parameters. Finally, it was evaluated that GA-PLGA nanoformulation might be used as an alternative anti-aging skin care product candidate via topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Cetin Aluc
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Abdi Ibrahim Pharmaceuticals, Abdi Ibrahim Production Facilities, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Bahar Gok
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Ageeva AA, Kruppa AI, Magin IM, Babenko SV, Leshina TV, Polyakov NE. New Aspects of the Antioxidant Activity of Glycyrrhizin Revealed by the CIDNP Technique. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1591. [PMID: 36009310 PMCID: PMC9405345 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron transfer plays a crucial role in ROS generation in living systems. Molecular oxygen acts as the terminal electron acceptor in the respiratory chains of aerobic organisms. Two main mechanisms of antioxidant defense by exogenous antioxidants are usually considered. The first is the inhibition of ROS generation, and the second is the trapping of free radicals. In the present study, we have elucidated both these mechanisms of antioxidant activity of glycyrrhizin (GL), the main active component of licorice root, using the chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) technique. First, it was shown that GL is capable of capturing a solvated electron, thereby preventing its capture by molecular oxygen. Second, we studied the effect of glycyrrhizin on the behavior of free radicals generated by UV irradiation of xenobiotic, NSAID-naproxen in solution. The structure of the glycyrrhizin paramagnetic intermediates formed after the capture of a solvated electron was established from a photo-CIDNP study of the model system-the dianion of 5-sulfosalicylic acid and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra A. Ageeva
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander I. Kruppa
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ilya M. Magin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Simon V. Babenko
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- International Tomography Center, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Leshina
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay E. Polyakov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Baltina LA, Ivanova NA, Sapozhnikova TA, Gabdrakhmanova SF, Khisamutdinova RY, Makara NS, Nugumanov TR, Petrova SF, Miftakhov MS. Inclusion Complex of 11-deoxymisoprostol and Glycyrrhizic Acid with Improved Anti-Ulcer Activity. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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9
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Zhao L, Kim JC, Hur JS. 7-Hydroxy-2-octenoic acid-ethyl ester mixture as an UV protectant secondary metabolite of an endolichenic fungus isolated from Menegazzia terebrata. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:395. [PMID: 35705862 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Enodolichenic fungi (ELF) are considered a promising bio-resource since they produce a variety of novel secondary metabolites with bioactivities. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight containing UVA and UVB can cause acute and chronic skin diseases, and the demand for UV protectants in sunscreens has been increasing. Such situations evoke the strong interest of researchers in seeking effective UV protectants from natural products. In this study, we obtained partially purified 7-hydroxy-2-octenoic acid-ethyl ester (7E) from the secondary metabolites of ELF000548, which has UVA absorption activity. The antioxidant properties were performed by in vitro tests. The superoxide anion scavenging activity and inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation of the 7E mixture were higher than ascorbic acid (ASA) and butyl hydroxyl anisole (BHA). Furthermore, the compound recovered the damage caused by UVB irradiation and inhibited melanin synthesis. Additionally, the 7E mixture exhibited no cytotoxicity toward the mouse melanoma cell lines, B16F1 and B16F10, except for the normal cell line, HaCaT. In general, these results are the first report about bioactivities of 7E, and those demonstrated that this compound might be a UV protectant to go further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical Unviersity, Weifang, 261000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Laibo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea.
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10
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Shi F, Chen L, Wang Y, Liu J, Adu-Frimpong M, Ji H, Toreniyazov E, Wang Q, Yu J, Xu X. Enhancement of oral bioavailability and anti-hyperuricemic activity of aloe emodin via novel Soluplus®-glycyrrhizic acid mixed micelle system. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:603-614. [PMID: 33860450 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00969-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to fabricate a novel drug delivery system using Soluplus® (polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer) and glycyrrhizic acid to improve solubility, bioavailability, and anti-hyperuricemic activity of aloe emodin (AE). The AE-loaded mixed micelles (AE-M) were prepared by thin-film hydration method. The optimal AE-M contained small-sized (30.13 ± 1.34 nm) particles with high encapsulation efficiency (m/m, %) of 90.3 ± 1.08%. The release rate of AE increased in the micellar formulation than that of free AE in the four media (DDW, pH 7.0; phosphate buffer solution, pH 7.4; phosphate buffer solution, pH 6.8; and hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, pH 1.2). In comparison to free AE, the pharmacokinetic study of AE-M showed that its relative oral bioavailability increased by 3.09 times, indicating that mixed micelles may promote gastrointestinal absorption. More importantly, AE-M effectively reduced uric acid level by inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity in model rats. The degree of ankle swelling, serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6-related inflammatory factors levels all decreased in the gouty arthritis model established via monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Taken together, the AE-M demonstrated the potential to improve the bioavailability, anti-hyperuricemic activity, and anti-inflammation of AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Adu-Frimpong
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Hao Ji
- Jiangsu Tian Sheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Elmurat Toreniyazov
- Ashkent State Agricultural University (Nukus Branch), Avdanberdi str, Nukus, Uzbekistan, 742009
| | - Qilong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Mechanistic Insights of Chelator Complexes with Essential Transition Metals: Antioxidant/Pro-Oxidant Activity and Applications in Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031247. [PMID: 35163169 PMCID: PMC8835618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant/pro-oxidant activity of drugs and dietary molecules and their role in the maintenance of redox homeostasis, as well as the implications in health and different diseases, have not yet been fully evaluated. In particular, the redox activity and other interactions of drugs with essential redox metal ions, such as iron and copper, need further investigation. These metal ions are ubiquitous in human nutrition but also widely found in dietary supplements and appear to exert major effects on redox homeostasis in health, but also on many diseases of free radical pathology. In this context, the redox mechanistic insights of mainly three prototype groups of drugs, namely alpha-ketohydroxypyridines (alpha-hydroxypyridones), e.g., deferiprone, anthraquinones, e.g., doxorubicin and thiosemicarbazones, e.g., triapine and their metal complexes were examined; details of the mechanisms of their redox activity were reviewed, with emphasis on the biological implications and potential clinical applications, including anticancer activity. Furthermore, the redox properties of these three classes of chelators were compared to those of the iron chelating drugs and also to vitamin C, with an emphasis on their potential clinical interactions and future clinical application prospects in cancer, neurodegenerative and other diseases.
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12
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Srivastava R. Physicochemical, antioxidant properties of carotenoids and its optoelectronic and interaction studies with chlorophyll pigments. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18365. [PMID: 34526535 PMCID: PMC8443628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical and antioxidant properties of seven carotenoids: antheraxanthin, β-carotene, neoxanthin, peridinin, violaxanthin, xanthrophyll and zeaxanthin were studied by theoretical means. Then the Optoelectronic properties and interaction of chlorophyll-carotenoid complexes are analysed by TDDFT and IGMPLOT. Global reactivity descriptors for carotenoids and chlorophyll (Chla, Chlb) are calculated via conceptual density functional theory (CDFT). The higher HOMO-LUMO (HL) gap indicated structural stability of carotenoid, chlorophyll and chlorophyll-carotenoid complexes. The chemical hardness for carotenoids and Chlorophyll is found to be lower in the solvent medium than in the gas phase. Results showed that carotenoids can be used as good reactive nucleophile due to lower µ and ω. As proton affinities (PAs) are much lower than the bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs), it is anticipated that direct antioxidant activity in these carotenoids is mainly due to the sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) mechanism with dominant solvent effects. Also lower PAs of carotenoid suggest that antioxidant activity by the SPLET mechanism should be a result of a balance between proclivities to transfer protons. Reaction rate constant with Transition-State Theory (TST) were estimated for carotenoid-Chlorophyll complexes in gas phase. Time dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) showed that all the chlorophyll (Chla, Chlb)-carotenoid complexes show absorption wavelength in the visible region. The lower S1-T1 adiabatic energy gap indicated ISC transition from S1 to T1 state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Srivastava
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.
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Rehman MU, Farooq A, Ali R, Bashir S, Bashir N, Majeed S, Taifa S, Ahmad SB, Arafah A, Sameer AS, Khan R, Qamar W, Rasool S, Ahmad A. Preclinical Evidence for the Pharmacological Actions of Glycyrrhizic Acid: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 21:436-465. [PMID: 32562521 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200620204914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Family: Fabaceae) is one of the important traditional medicinal plant used extensively in folk medicine. It is known for its ethnopharmacological value in curing a wide variety of ailments. Glycyrrhizin, an active compound of G. glabra, possesses anti-inflammatory activity due to which it is mostly used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment and management of chronic diseases. The present review is focused extensively on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and potential effects of Glycyrrhizic Acid (GA). A thorough literature survey was conducted to identify various studies that reported on the GA on PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil Farooq
- RAKCOPS, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras AL Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rayeesa Ali
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, JandK, India
| | - Sana Bashir
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, JandK, India
| | - Nazirah Bashir
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, JandK, India
| | - Samia Majeed
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, JandK, India
| | - Syed Taifa
- Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, JandK, India
| | - Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, JandK, India
| | - Azher Arafah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aga Syed Sameer
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehan Khan
- Department of Nano-therapeutics, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (DST-INST), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Wajhul Qamar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saiema Rasool
- Forest Biotech Lab, Department of Forest Mana pgement, Faculty of Forestry, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Department of Nano-therapeutics, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (DST-INST), Mohali, Punjab, India
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Pagano C, Calarco P, Di Michele A, Ceccarini MR, Beccari T, Primavilla S, Scuota S, Marmottini F, Ramella D, Ricci M, Perioli L. Development of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose based polymeric microparticles for in situ hydrogel wound dressing formation. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120606. [PMID: 33862131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (Gly), a natural compound obtained from licorice, is known both for the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and for this reason useful for wound treatment. Due to its poor solubility, Gly is not suitable for formulations used in conventional topical products such as gels, foams and creams. Polymeric bioadhesive microparticles (MP), loaded with Gly, were developed to be introduced in the wound bed and swell, once in contact with the exudate, to form a hydrogel in situ able to close the wound. The MP were prepared by spray drying method from the polymeric solution of polysaccharide sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and copolymer Soluplus® (SL). Soluplus® introduction in MP composition, using a 3:1 ratio (CMC/SL wt./wt.), allowed to stabilize Gly in non-crystalline form, favoring the improvement of water solubility, and to obtain a spherical with rugged surface MP morphology. Ex vivo studies showed these MP maintain high swelling capability and are able to form in situ a hydrogel for wound repair. The controlled release of Gly from the hydrogel stimulates keratinocyte growth, potentially supporting the physiological healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Pagano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Paola Calarco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rachele Ceccarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Primavilla
- Istituto Zooprofilattico dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Scuota
- Istituto Zooprofilattico dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabio Marmottini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Ramella
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Maurizio Ricci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luana Perioli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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15
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Focsan AL, Polyakov NE, Kispert LD. Carotenoids: Importance in Daily Life-Insight Gained from EPR and ENDOR. APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2021; 52:1093-1112. [PMID: 33776215 PMCID: PMC7980101 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-021-01311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are indispensable molecules for life. They are present everywhere in plants, algae, bacteria whom they protect against free radicals and oxidative stress. Through the consumption of fruits and vegetables and some carotenoid-containing fish, they are introduced into the human body and, similarly, protect it. There are numerous health benefits associated with the consumption of carotenoids. Carotenoids are antioxidants but at the same time they are prone to oxidation themselves. Electron loss from the carotenoid forms a radical cation. Furthermore, proton loss from a radical cation forms a neutral radical. In this mini-review, we discuss carotenoid radicals studied in our groups by various physicochemical methods, namely the radical cations formed by electron transfer and neutral radicals formed by proton loss from the radical cations. They contain many similar hyperfine couplings due to interactions between the electron spin and numerous protons in the carotenoid. Different EPR and ENDOR methods in combination with DFT calculations have been used to distinguish the two independent carotenoid radical species. DFT predicted larger coupling constants for the neutral radical compared to the radical cation. Previously, INDO calculations miss assigned the large couplings to the radical cation. EPR and ENDOR have aided in elucidating the physisorb, electron and proton transfer processes that occur when carotenoids are adsorbed on solid artificial matrices, and predicted similar reactions in aqueous solution or in plants. After years of study of the physicochemical properties of carotenoid radicals, the different published results start to merge together for a better understanding of carotenoid radical species and their implication in biological systems. Up until 2008, the radical chemistry in artificial systems was elucidated but the correlation between quenching ability and neutral radical formation was an inspiration to look for these radical species in vivo. In addition, the EPR spin-trapping technique has been applied to study inclusion complexes of carotenoids with different delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ligia Focsan
- Department of Chemistry, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA
| | - Nikolay E. Polyakov
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Novosibirsk, 630128 Russia
| | - Lowell D. Kispert
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA
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16
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Gao Y, Ligia Focsan A, Kispert LD. The effect of polarity of environment on the antioxidant activity of carotenoids. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Trying to Solve the Puzzle of the Interaction of Ascorbic Acid and Iron: Redox, Chelation and Therapeutic Implications. MEDICINES 2020; 7:medicines7080045. [PMID: 32751493 PMCID: PMC7460366 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7080045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) are essential nutrients for the normal growth and development of humans, and their deficiency can result in serious diseases. Their interaction is of nutritional, physiological, pharmacological and toxicological interest, with major implications in health and disease. Millions of people are using pharmaceutical and nutraceutical preparations of these two nutrients, including ferrous ascorbate for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia and ascorbate combination with deferoxamine for increasing iron excretion in iron overload. The main function and use of vitamin C is its antioxidant activity against reactive oxygen species, which are implicated in many diseases of free radical pathology, including biomolecular-, cellular- and tissue damage-related diseases, as well as cancer and ageing. Ascorbic acid and its metabolites, including the ascorbate anion and oxalate, have metal binding capacity and bind iron, copper and other metals. The biological roles of ascorbate as a vitamin are affected by metal complexation, in particular following binding with iron and copper. Ascorbate forms a complex with Fe3+ followed by reduction to Fe2+, which may potentiate free radical production. The biological and clinical activities of iron, ascorbate and the ascorbate–iron complex can also be affected by many nutrients and pharmaceutical preparations. Optimal therapeutic strategies of improved efficacy and lower toxicity could be designed for the use of ascorbate, iron and the iron–ascorbate complex in different clinical conditions based on their absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity (ADMET), pharmacokinetic, redox and other properties. Similar strategies could also be designed in relation to their interactions with food components and pharmaceuticals, as well as in relation to other aspects concerning personalized medicine.
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Antioxidant Activity in Supramolecular Carotenoid Complexes Favored by Nonpolar Environment and Disfavored by Hydrogen Bonding. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070625. [PMID: 32708672 PMCID: PMC7402182 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are well-known antioxidants. They have the ability to quench singlet oxygen and scavenge toxic free radicals preventing or reducing damage to living cells. We have found that carotenoids exhibit scavenging ability towards free radicals that increases nearly exponentially with increasing the carotenoid oxidation potential. With the oxidation potential being an important parameter in predicting antioxidant activity, we focus here on the different factors affecting it. This paper examines how the chain length and donor/acceptor substituents of carotenoids affect their oxidation potentials but, most importantly, presents the recent progress on the effect of polarity of the environment and orientation of the carotenoids on the oxidation potential in supramolecular complexes. The oxidation potential of a carotenoid in a nonpolar environment was found to be higher than in a polar environment. Moreover, in order to increase the photostability of the carotenoids in supramolecular complexes, a nonpolar environment is desired and the formation of hydrogen bonds should be avoided.
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Redox Interactions of Vitamin C and Iron: Inhibition of the Pro-Oxidant Activity by Deferiprone. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113967. [PMID: 32486511 PMCID: PMC7312906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AscH2) is one of the most important vitamins found in the human diet, with many biological functions including antioxidant, chelating, and coenzyme activities. Ascorbic acid is also widely used in medical practice especially for increasing iron absorption and as an adjuvant therapeutic in iron chelation therapy, but its mode of action and implications in iron metabolism and toxicity are not yet clear. In this study, we used UV–Vis spectrophotometry, NMR spectroscopy, and EPR spin trapping spectroscopy to investigate the antioxidant/pro-oxidant effects of ascorbic acid in reactions involving iron and the iron chelator deferiprone (L1). The experiments were carried out in a weak acidic (pH from 3 to 5) and neutral (pH 7.4) medium. Ascorbic acid exhibits predominantly pro-oxidant activity by reducing Fe3+ to Fe2+, followed by the formation of dehydroascorbic acid. As a result, ascorbic acid accelerates the redox cycle Fe3+ ↔ Fe2+ in the Fenton reaction, which leads to a significant increase in the yield of toxic hydroxyl radicals. The analysis of the experimental data suggests that despite a much lower stability constant of the iron–ascorbate complex compared to the FeL13 complex, ascorbic acid at high concentrations is able to substitute L1 in the FeL13 chelate complex resulting in the formation of mixed L12AscFe complex. This mixed chelate complex is redox stable at neutral pH = 7.4, but decomposes at pH = 4–5 during several minutes at sub-millimolar concentrations of ascorbic acid. The proposed mechanisms play a significant role in understanding the mechanism of action, pharmacological, therapeutic, and toxic effects of the interaction of ascorbic acid, iron, and L1.
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Supramolecular Carotenoid Complexes of Enhanced Solubility and Stability-The Way of Bioavailability Improvement. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213947. [PMID: 31683692 PMCID: PMC6864715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural dyes and antioxidants widely used in food processing and in therapeutic formulations. However, their practical application is restricted by their high sensitivity to external factors such as heat, light, oxygen, metal ions and processing conditions, as well as by extremely low water solubility. Various approaches have been developed to overcome these problems. In particular, it was demonstrated that application of supramolecular complexes of “host-guest” type with water-soluble nanoparticles allows minimizing the abovementioned disadvantages. From this point of view, nanoencapsulation of carotenoids is an effective strategy to improve their stability during storage and food processing. Also, nanoencapsulation enhances bioavailability of carotenoids via modulating their release kinetics from the delivery system, influencing the solubility and absorption. In the present paper, we present the state of the art of carotenoid nanoencapsulation and summarize the data obtained during last five years on preparation, analysis and reactivity of carotenoids encapsulated into various nanoparticles. The possible mechanisms of carotenoids bioavailability enhancement by multifunctional delivery systems are also discussed.
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21
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The Role of an Acidic Peptide in Controlling the Oxidation Process of Walnut Oil. Foods 2019; 8:foods8100499. [PMID: 31618871 PMCID: PMC6835922 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, the mechanism of action of an antioxidant peptide rich in acidic amino acid residues in controlling lipid oxidation is discussed. Firstly, in the presence of this peptide, the fluorescence intensity of lipid peroxide in samples of walnut oil was very low, indicating that the peptide prevented the formation of lipid peroxides. Secondly, the production of lipid-derived radicals of oil was reduced by 23% following addition of the anti-oxidative peptide. Thirdly, Raman shifts of the lipid with the anti-oxidative peptide showed that acidic amino acid residues of the peptide were involved in delaying lipid oxidation. Finally, seven peptide inhibitors were synthesized with variations to the amino acid sequence of the original peptide, and Glu-Asp was proven to enhance the peptide's superoxide anion radical scavenging activity and decrease the formation of linoleic acid peroxides. Our findings emphasize the potential value of acidic amino acid residues in protecting unsaturated fatty acids from oxidation.
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22
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Effective inhibition of copper-catalyzed production of hydroxyl radicals by deferiprone. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:331-341. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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The carotenoid Bixin found to exhibit the highest measured carotenoid oxidation potential to date consistent with its practical protective use in cosmetics, drugs and food. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 186:1-8. [PMID: 29982093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation potentials of cis bixin correspond to the production of the carotenoid radical cation, Car+ and dication Car++. The oxidation is a two-electron process with oxidation potentials at ~0.94 and ~1.14 V vs SCE (reference to ferrocene at 0.528 V) in THF. These potentials are higher than that of symmetrical canthaxanthin at 0.775 V and 0.972 V and for β-carotene at 0.634 V and 0.605 V respectively. The second oxidation potential for canthaxanthin is higher by 0.20 V than the first. Similar difference is observed for bixin. In contrast, the second oxidation potential for β-carotene is lower by 30 mV than that of the first. Reduction potentials were found to occur at ~-0.69 and ~-1.22 V vs SCE. The lifetime of the radical cation of cis bixin, Car+, is short and decays rapidly at ambient temperature. The suggested scavenging ability of cis bixin towards reactive oxidative oxygen species is estimated to be 44. On the other hand, that of β-carotene, symmetrical canthaxanthin and the dicyano substituted carotenoid which exhibit oxidation potentials of 0.634 V, 0.775 V and 0.833 V vs SCE were measured to be 0.64, 1.96 and 23.60 respectively. The non-reversible electrochemical measurements suggest the tendency for bixin to react with trace amounts of reactive oxygen species (OH, O2-, OOH).
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24
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Selyutina OY, Apanasenko IE, Khalikov SS, Polyakov NE. Natural Poly- and Oligosaccharides as Novel Delivery Systems for Plant Protection Compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6582-6587. [PMID: 28731703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To increase the bioavailability of plant protection products, we have applied a new approach based on noncovalent association with natural water-soluble polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as delivery systems (DSs). The mechanochemical technique has been applied to prepare the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin as DSs. The effect of DSs on the solubility and the penetration of NA into the seeds of barley and wheat has been investigated by various physicochemical techniques. All DSs considerably enhance the solubility of NA and improve its penetration into the grain. The influence of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on artificial lipid membranes was studied by the NMR relaxation method. It was concluded that the effect of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on the penetration efficacy of plant protection products might be associated with the detected solubility enhancement and the affinity of DSs to the surface of cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Yu Selyutina
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Institutskaya Street, 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I E Apanasenko
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Institutskaya Street, 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S S Khalikov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences , Vavilova Street, 28, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - N E Polyakov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Institutskaya Street, 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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25
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Effect of natural polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on the permeability of cell membranes. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-017-1710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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26
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Mahmoud AM, Hussein OE, Hozayen WG, Abd El-Twab SM. Methotrexate hepatotoxicity is associated with oxidative stress, and down-regulation of PPARγ and Nrf2: Protective effect of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 270:59-72. [PMID: 28414158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) is a bioactive component of licorice with promising hepatoprotective activity. However, its protective mechanism on methotrexate (MTX) hepatotoxicity in not well defined. We investigated the hepatoprotective effect of 18β-GA, pointing to the role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the redox-sensitive nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Wistar rats were orally administered 18β-GA (50 and 100 mg/kg) 7 days either before or after MTX injection. MTX induced significant increase in circulating liver function marker enzymes and bilirubin with concomitant declined albumin levels. Serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, and liver malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were significantly increased in MTX-induced rats. Treatment with 18β-GA significantly reduced serum enzymes of liver function, bilirubin and pro-inflammatory cytokines. 18β-GA attenuated MTX-induced oxidative stress and restored the antioxidant defenses. In addition, 18β-GA improved liver histological structure and decreased the expression of Bax whereas increased Bcl-2 expression. MTX-induced rats showed significant down-regulation of Nrf2, hemoxygenase-1 and PPARγ, an effect that was markedly reversed by 18β-GA supplemented either before or after MTX. In conclusion, 18β-GA protected against MTX-induced liver injury, possibly by activating Nrf2 and PPARγ, and subsequent attenuation of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Therefore, 18β-GA can provide protection against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
| | - Omnia E Hussein
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Walaa G Hozayen
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt; Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Sanaa M Abd El-Twab
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
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27
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Zhao L, Kim JC, Paik MJ, Lee W, Hur JS. A Multifunctional and Possible Skin UV Protectant, (3R)-5-Hydroxymellein, Produced by an Endolichenic Fungus Isolated from Parmotrema austrosinense. Molecules 2016; 22:E26. [PMID: 28035958 PMCID: PMC6155896 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichens are considered a great bio-resource because they produce large numbers of secondary metabolites with many biological activities; however, they have not been cultivated under artificial conditions to date. As a result, lichen substances from natural sources are limited and have not been widely utilized in commercial applications. Accordingly, interest in lichen-associated fungi, especially endogenic fungi, has increased. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight is harmful to human health, resulting in demand for effective UV filtering agents for use in sunscreen. In this study, we purified (3R)-5-hydroxymellein, which has UVA absorption activity, from the secondary metabolites of an endolichenic fungus (ELF000039). The antioxidant properties were then assessed by in vitro tests. The antioxidant activity of (3R)-5-hydroxymellein was high when compared to the recognized antioxidants ascorbic acid (ASA) and butyl hydroxyl anisole (BHA). Moreover, the compound exhibited no cytotoxicity toward mouse melanoma cell lines, B16F1 and B16F10, or the normal cell line, HaCaT. Furthermore, (3R)-5-hydroxymellein recovered the damage caused by UVB irradiation and inhibited melanin synthesis. Taken together, these results suggest that (3R)-5-hydroxymellein could have an interesting and vital profile to go further development as a multifunctional skin UV protectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 57922, Korea.
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
| | - Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 57922, Korea.
| | - Wonjae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 57922, Korea.
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Singh K, Zaw AM, Sekar R, Palak A, Allam AA, Ajarem J, Chow BKC. Glycyrrhizic Acid Reduces Heart Rate and Blood Pressure by a Dual Mechanism. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101291. [PMID: 27689971 PMCID: PMC6274536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta adrenergic receptors are crucial for their role in rhythmic contraction of heart along with their role in the pathological conditions such as tachycardia and high risk of heart failure. Studies report that the levels of beta-1 adrenergic receptor tend to decrease by 50%, whereas, the levels of beta-2 adrenergic receptor remains constant during the risk of heart failure. Beta blockers—the antagonistic molecules for beta-adrenergic receptors, function by slowing the heart rate, which thereby allows the left ventricle to fill completely during tachycardia incidents and hence helps in blood pumping capacity of heart and reducing the risk of heart failure. In the present study, we investigate the potential of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) as a possible principal drug molecule for cardiac arrhythmias owing to its ability to induce reduction in the heart rate and blood pressure. We use in vitro and in silico approach to study GA′s effect on beta adrenergic receptor along with an in vivo study to examine its effect on heart rate and blood pressure. Additionally, we explore GA′s proficiency in eliciting an increase in the plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide, which by dilating the blood vessel consequently, can be a crucial aid during the occurrence of a potential heart attack. Therefore, we propose GA as a potential principal drug molecule via its potential in modulating heart rate and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Aung Moe Zaw
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Revathi Sekar
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ahuja Palak
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
| | - Jamaan Ajarem
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Billy K C Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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29
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Zelikman MV, Kim AV, Medvedev NN. Structure of small associates of glycyrrhizic acid with cholesterol in aqueous solution: Molecular dynamics simulation. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476616050139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Wang YL, Chen M, Huo TG, Zhang YH, Fang Y, Feng C, Wang SY, Jiang H. Effects of Glycyrrhetinic Acid on GSH Synthesis Induced by Realgar in the Mouse Hippocampus: Involvement of System X AG - $$ {\mathbf{X}}_{{\mathbf{AG}}^{-}} $$ , System X C - $$ {\mathbf{X}}_{{\mathbf{C}}^{-}} $$ , MRP-1, and Nrf2. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3102-3116. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Wang T, Ding L, Jin H, Shi R, Li Y, Wu J, Li Y, Zhu L, Ma Y. Simultaneous quantification of catechin, epicatechin, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, piperine and glycyrrhetinic acid in rat plasma by HPLC-MS/MS: application to a pharmacokinetic study of Longhu Rendan pills. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1166-74. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Liqing Ding
- Shanghai Zhonghua Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; Shanghai 200052 China
| | - Huajia Jin
- Shanghai Zhonghua Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; Shanghai 200052 China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Li Zhu
- Shanghai Zhonghua Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; Shanghai 200052 China
| | - Yueming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
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Urso U, Dahlke F, Maiorka A, Bueno I, Schneider A, Surek D, Rocha C. Vitamin E and selenium in broiler breeder diets: Effect on live performance, hatching process, and chick quality. Poult Sci 2015; 94:976-83. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Water soluble biocompatible vesicles based on polysaccharides and oligosaccharides inclusion complexes for carotenoid delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 128:207-19. [PMID: 26005157 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Since carotenoids are highly hydrophobic, air- and light-sensitive hydrocarbon compounds, developing methods for increasing their bioavailability and stability towards irradiation and reactive oxygen species is an important goal. Application of inclusion complexes of "host-guest" type with polysaccharides and oligosaccharides such as arabinogalactan, cyclodextrins and glycyrrhizin minimizes the disadvantages of carotenoids when these compounds are used in food processing (colors and antioxidant capacity) as well as for production of therapeutic formulations. Cyclodextrin complexes which have been used demonstrated enhanced storage stability but suffered from poor solubility. Polysaccharide and oligosaccharide based inclusion complexes play an important role in pharmacology by providing increased solubility and stability of lipophilic drugs. In addition they are used as drug delivery systems to increase absorption rate and bioavailability of the drugs. In this review we summarize the existing data on preparation methods, analysis, and chemical reactivity of carotenoids in inclusion complexes with cyclodextrin, arabinogalactan and glycyrrhizin. It was demonstrated that incorporation of carotenoids into the "host" macromolecule results in significant changes in their physical and chemical properties. In particular, polysaccharide complexes show enhanced photostability of carotenoids in water solutions. A significant decrease in the reactivity towards metal ions and reactive oxygen species in solution was also detected.
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Ligia Focsan A, Magyar A, Kispert LD. Chemistry of carotenoid neutral radicals. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 572:167-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zelikman MV, Kim AV, Medvedev NN, Selyutina OY, Polyakov NE. Structure of dimers of glycyrrhizic acid in water and their complexes with cholesterol: Molecular dynamics simulation. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476615010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Solubilization and stabilization of macular carotenoids by water soluble oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 572:58-65. [PMID: 25527162 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Xanthophyll carotenoids zeaxanthin and lutein play a special role in the prevention and treatment of visual diseases. These carotenoids are not produced by the human body and must be consumed in the diet. On the other hand, extremely low water solubility of these carotenoids and their instability restrict their practical application as components of food or medicinal formulations. Preparation of supramolecular complexes of zeaxanthin and lutein with glycyrrhizic acid, its disodium salt and the natural polysaccharide arabinogalactan allows one to minimize the aforementioned disadvantages when carotenoids are used in food processing as well as for production of therapeutic formulations with enhanced solubility and stability. In the present study, the formation of supramolecular complexes was investigated by NMR relaxation, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and optical absorption techniques. The complexes increase carotenoid solubility more than 1000-fold. The kinetics of carotenoid decay in reactions with ozone molecules, hydroperoxyl radicals and metal ions were measured in water and organic solutions, and significant increases in oxidation stability of lutein and zeaxanthin in arabinogalactan and glycyrrhizin complexes were detected.
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Polyakov NE, Magyar A, Kispert LD. Photochemical and optical properties of water-soluble xanthophyll antioxidants: aggregation vs complexation. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:10173-82. [PMID: 23937515 DOI: 10.1021/jp4062708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Xanthophyll carotenoids can self-assemble in aqueous solution to form J- and H-type aggregates. This feature significantly changes the photophysical and optical properties of these carotenoids, and has an impact on solar energy conversion and light induced oxidative damage. In this study we have applied EPR and optical absorption spectroscopy to investigate how complexation can affect the aggregation ability of the xanthophyll carotenoids zeaxanthin, lutein, and astaxanthin, their photostability, and antioxidant activity. It was shown that complexation with the polysaccharide arabinogalactan (AG) polymer matrix and the triterpene glycoside glycyrrhizin (GA) dimer reduced the aggregation rate but did not inhibit aggregation completely. Moreover, these complexants form inclusion complexes with both monomer and H-aggregates of carotenoids. H-aggregates of carotenoids exhibit higher photostability in aqueous solutions as compared with monomers, but much lower antioxidant activity. It was found that complexation increases the photostability of both monomers and the aggregates of xanthophyll carotenoids. Also their ability to trap hydroperoxyl radicals increases in the presence of GA as the GA forms a donutlike dimer in which the hydrophobic polyene chain of the xanthophylls and their H-aggregates lies protected within the donut hole, permitting the hydrophilic ends to be exposed to the surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay E Polyakov
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics & Combustion, Institutskaya Str. 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), belonging to a class of triterpenes, is a conjugate of two molecules, namely glucuronic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid. It is naturally extracted from the roots of licorice plants. With its more common uses in the confectionery and cosmetics industry, GA extends its applications as a herbal medicine for a wide range of ailments. At low appropriate doses, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-tumor, antimicrobial and anti-viral properties have been reported by researchers worldwide. This review summarizes the effects of GA on metabolic syndrome, tumorigenesis, microbes and viruses, oxidative stress, and inflammation, as well as the reported side effects of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Jia Ming
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
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Yakovishin LA, Lekar AV, Vetrova EV, Borisenko NI, Borisenko SN, Grishkovets VI. Molecular complexes of the triterpene glycosides with L-tyrosine and their biological activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.7124/bc.00002e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. V. Lekar
- Ecological and Analytical Center, Southern Federal University
| | - E. V. Vetrova
- Resesarch Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University
| | - N. I. Borisenko
- Ecological and Analytical Center, Southern Federal University
| | - S. N. Borisenko
- Resesarch Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University
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Stability of carotenoid extracts of gấc (Momordica cochinchinensis) towards cooxidation — Protective effect of lycopene on β-carotene. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jerzykiewicz M, Ćwieląg-Piasecka I, Witwicki M, Jezierski A. α-Tocopherol impact on oxy-radical induced free radical decomposition of DMSO: Spin trapping EPR and theoretical studies. Chem Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Morabito K, Shapley NC, Steeley KG, Tripathi A. Review of sunscreen and the emergence of non-conventional absorbers and their applications in ultraviolet protection. Int J Cosmet Sci 2011; 33:385-90. [PMID: 21507015 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2011.00654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the major function of sunscreen lotions and UV-protective coatings for vehicles, homes, equipment and clothing. Sunscreen formulations have been optimized to become protective over a broader spectrum of UV radiation and maintain greater photostability. They are comprised of organic and inorganic components that act as chemical and physical UV protectors, respectively. Some of the organic components are limited by their spectrum of protection and photostability. Studies using solid lipid nanoparticles, recently explored organic molecules, inorganic components and antioxidants attempt to further optimize UV protection. In this review, we examine traditional and emerging nanoparticle components and highlight novel ideas in UV protection which may provide pathways for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Morabito
- Division of Engineering and Medical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Polyakov NE, Focsan AL, Bowman MK, Kispert LD. Free radical formation in novel carotenoid metal ion complexes of astaxanthin. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:16968-77. [PMID: 21114306 DOI: 10.1021/jp109039v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The carotenoid astaxanthin forms novel metal ion complexes with Ca(2+), Zn(2+), and Fe(2+). MS and NMR measurements indicate that the two oxygen atoms on the terminal cyclohexene ring of astaxanthin chelate the metal to form 1:1 complexes with Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) at low salt concentrations <0.2 mM. The stability constants of these complexes increased by a factor of 85 upon changing the solvent from acetonitrile to ethanol for Ca(2+) and by a factor of 7 for Zn(2+) as a consequence of acetonitrile being a part of the complex. Optical studies showed that at high concentrations (>0.2 mM) of salt, 2:1 metal/astaxanthin complexes were formed in ethanol. In the presence of Ca(2+) and Zn(2+), salts the lifetime of the radical cation and dication formed electrochemically decreased relative to those formed from the uncomplexed carotenoid. DFT calculations showed that the deprotonation of the radical cation at the carbon C3 position resulted in the lowest energy neutral radical, while proton loss at the C5, C9, or C13 methyl groups was less favorable. Pulsed EPR measurements were carried out on UV-produced radicals of astaxanthin supported on silica-alumina, MCM-41, or Ti-MCM-41. The pulsed EPR measurements detected the radical cation and neutral radicals formed by proton loss at 77 K from the C3, C5, C9, and C13 methyl groups and a radical anion formed by deprotonation of the neutral radical at C3. There was more than an order of magnitude increase in the concentration of radicals on Ti-MCM-41 relative to MCM-41, and the radical cation concentration exceeded that of the neutral radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay E Polyakov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, USA
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Polyakov NE, Leshina TV, Meteleva ES, Dushkin AV, Konovalova TA, Kispert LD. Water Soluble Complexes of Carotenoids with Arabinogalactan. J Phys Chem B 2008; 113:275-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp805531q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay E. Polyakov
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics & Combustion, Institutskaya Str. 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia, Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Novosibirsk, 630128, Russia, and Chemistry Department, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336
| | - Tatyana V. Leshina
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics & Combustion, Institutskaya Str. 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia, Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Novosibirsk, 630128, Russia, and Chemistry Department, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336
| | - Elizaveta S. Meteleva
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics & Combustion, Institutskaya Str. 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia, Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Novosibirsk, 630128, Russia, and Chemistry Department, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336
| | - Alexander V. Dushkin
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics & Combustion, Institutskaya Str. 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia, Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Novosibirsk, 630128, Russia, and Chemistry Department, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336
| | - Tatyana A. Konovalova
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics & Combustion, Institutskaya Str. 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia, Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Novosibirsk, 630128, Russia, and Chemistry Department, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336
| | - Lowell D. Kispert
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics & Combustion, Institutskaya Str. 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia, Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Novosibirsk, 630128, Russia, and Chemistry Department, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336
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Polyakov NE, Khan VK, Taraban MB, Leshina TV. Complex of calcium receptor blocker nifedipine with glycyrrhizic acid. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:4435-40. [PMID: 18341319 DOI: 10.1021/jp076850j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Physicochemical methods were used to explore the regularities of complexing between the calcium channel blocker nifedipine (NF) and pharmaceutically acceptable complex-forming glycyrrhizic acid (GA) in view of the discovered influence of GA on the therapeutic activity of NF. 1H NMR (including relaxation measurements) and UV-vis spectra have produced illustrative evidence that NF forms stable complexes with GA within a wide concentration range, from 0.05 to 5 mM. At low GA concentrations, below 0.5 mM, NF forms an inclusion complex where each NF molecule is bound by two molecules of GA. Computer simulations of the NMR experimental data have shown that, in aqueous solution, the stability constant of this complex, K, is about 10(5) M(-1). At higher concentrations, GA forms large micelle-like aggregates which increase the water solubility of NF. Quenching of chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization effects in the photoinduced interaction of the NF-GA complex with tyrosine suggests that complex formation with GA completely blocks the single electron-transfer step between NF and the amino acid. This, arguably, could explain the increased therapeutic activity of GA complexes, since GA might protect the drug molecule from the reaction with amino acid residues of the receptor binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay E Polyakov
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya Street 3, Novosibirsk-90, 630090 Russia
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Kornievskaya VS, Kruppa AI, Polyakov NE, Leshina TV. Effect of glycyrrhizic acid on lappaconitine phototransformation. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:11447-52. [PMID: 17824688 DOI: 10.1021/jp0739770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1H NMR and CIDNP methods were used to demonstrate that triterpene glycoside (glycyrrhizic acid, GA) can substantially change the efficiency and direction of phototransformation of alkaloid lappaconitine (LA) due to both its solubilization in GA micelles and protonation of LA amine nitrogen in water-alcohol solutions. The LA solubilization in the GA micelle suppresses the process of deacylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria S Kornievskaya
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya str. 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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