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Neves S, Pacheco S, Vaz F, James P, Simões T, Penque D. Occupational second-hand smoke exposure: A comparative shotgun proteomics study on nasal epithelia from healthy restaurant workers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104459. [PMID: 38685369 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Non-smokers exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) present risk of developing tobacco smoke-associated pathologies. To investigate the airway molecular response to SHS exposure that could be used in health risk assessment, comparative shotgun proteomics was performed on nasal epithelium from a group of healthy restaurant workers, non-smokers (never and former) exposed and not exposed to SHS in the workplace. HIF1α-glycolytic targets (GAPDH, TPI) and proteins related to xenobiotic metabolism, cell proliferation and differentiation leading to cancer (ADH1C, TUBB4B, EEF2) showed significant modulation in non-smokers exposed. In never smokers exposed, enrichment of glutathione metabolism pathway and EEF2-regulating protein synthesis in genotoxic response were increased, while in former smokers exposed, proteins (LYZ, ATP1A1, SERPINB3) associated with tissue damage/regeneration, apoptosis inhibition and inflammation that may lead to asthma, COPD or cancer, were upregulated. The identified proteins are potential response and susceptibility/risk biomarkers for SHS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Neves
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P, Lisbon, Portugal; Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School-FCM, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Solange Pacheco
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fátima Vaz
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P, Lisbon, Portugal; Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School-FCM, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter James
- Protein Technology Laboratory, Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Tânia Simões
- CECAD Cologne-Excellence in Aging Research University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Deborah Penque
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P, Lisbon, Portugal; Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School-FCM, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
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Kim JY, Jegal BS, Koh AR, Park KS, Kim JB, Bae J. Growth inhibition by fusidic acid in cervical, thyroid, and breast carcinoma cell lines. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2023; 66:100-106. [PMID: 36575560 PMCID: PMC10025870 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.22267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of fusidic acid (FA) on human cervical, thyroid, and breast carcinoma cell lines to determine the potential usefulness of FA in cancer treatment. METHODS Six cancer cell lines (cervical cancer: Caski, HeLa; thyroid cancer: 8505C, TPC1; and breast cancer: MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) were treated with FA. Furthermore the changes in cell growth, cell cycle duration, and extent of apoptosis were analyzed. RESULTS After FA treatment, the cancer cells showed a decrease in growth rate. In the cell death assay, the cell populations were similar in each cell type after treatment with FA, indicating that growth inhibition by FA was not related to the induction of apoptosis. FA induced cell cycle arrest at a dose that inhibited growth rate, which varied in different cell types. G0/G1 phase arrest occurs in breast cancer, S phase arrest in 8505C thyroid cancer, and G2/M phase arrest in cervical cancer. These results indicate that FA reduces growth rates by inducing cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSION FA treatment can interfere with cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest in human cervical, thyroid, and breast carcinoma cell lines. Thus, FA can be useful in treating human cervical, thyroid, and breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Bo Seul Jegal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - A Ra Koh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Kyoung Sik Park
- Department Departments of Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | | | - Jaeman Bae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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3
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Control of doxorubicin-induced, reactive oxygen-related apoptosis by glutathione peroxidase 1 in cardiac fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 21:100709. [PMID: 31799454 PMCID: PMC6881695 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen formation plays a mechanistic role in the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin, a chemotherapeutic agent that remains an important component of treatment programs for breast cancer and hematopoietic malignancies. To examine the role of doxorubicin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in drug-related cardiac apoptosis, murine embryonic fibroblast cell lines were derived from the hearts of glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx-1) knockout mice. Cells from homozygous Gpx-1 knockout mice and parental animals were propagated with (Se+) and without (Se-) 100 nM sodium selenite. Activity levels of the peroxide detoxifying selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) were marginally detectable (<1.6 nmol/min/mg) in fibroblasts from homozygous knockout animals whether or not cells were supplemented with selenium. GSHPx activity in Se- cells from parental murine fibroblasts was also <1.6 nmol/min/mg, whereas GSHPx levels in Se+ parental murine fibroblasts were 12.9 ± 2.7 nmol/min/mg (mean ± SE; P < 0.05). Catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and reduced glutathione activities did not differ amongst the four cell lines. Reactive oxygen production increased from 908 ± 122 (arbitrary units) for untreated control cells to 1668 ± 54 following exposure to 1 μM doxorubicin for 24 h in parental fibroblasts not supplemented with selenium (P < 0.03); reactive oxygen formation in doxorubicin-treated parental fibroblasts propagated in selenium was 996 ± 69 (P = not significant compared to untreated control cells). Reactive oxygen levels in homozygous Gpx-1 knockout fibroblasts, irrespective of selenium supplementation status, were increased and equivalent to that in selenium deficient wild type fibroblasts. When cardiac fibroblasts were exposed to doxorubicin (0.05 μM) for 96 h and examined for cell cycle alterations by flow cytometry, and apoptosis by TUNEL assay, marked G2 arrest and TUNEL positivity were observed in knockout fibroblasts in the presence or absence of supplemental selenium, and in parental fibroblasts propagated without selenium. Parental fibroblasts propagated with selenium and exposed to the same concentration of doxorubicin demonstrated modest TUNEL positivity and substantially diminished amounts of low molecular weight DNA. These results were replicated in cardiac fibroblasts exposed to doxorubicin (1–2 μM) for 2 h (to mimic clinical drug dosing schedules) and examined 96 h following initiation of drug exposure. Doxorubicin uptake in cardiac fibroblasts was similar irrespective of the mRNA expression level or activity of GSHPx. These experiments suggest that the intracellular levels of doxorubicin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) are modulated by GSHPx and play an important role in doxorubicin-related apoptosis and altered cell cycle progression in murine cardiac fibroblasts.
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Gezici S, Şekeroğlu N. Current Perspectives in the Application of Medicinal Plants Against Cancer: Novel Therapeutic Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:101-111. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666181224121004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. It
has become a major health problem in the past decades and is now the second leading cause of death globally.
Although, there are different types of treatment such as chemotherapy, immune therapy, radiation, hormone
therapy and targeted therapy used against cancer, they have possible side effects and significant deficiencies.
Methods:
This review aims to outline the benefits of medicinal plants and plant-derived products and highlight
why they should be used as novel anti-cancer therapeutics. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus,
ScienceDirect, Cochrane library, and MedlinePlus were searched to summarize in vitro, in vivo and clinical
studies on anticancer effects of medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds up-to-date.
Results:
In recent years, a number of medicinal plants have been administered to cancer patients in order to
prevent and treat cancer as an alternative therapy. These plants were used because of their rich anticarcinogenic
and chemoprotective potentials. In addition to these remarkable properties, these plants have less toxic anticancer,
anti-tumor and anti-proliferation agents than traditional therapeutics. Nevertheless, only a small number
of natural anti-tumor products including vinblastine, vincristine, podophyllotoxin, paclitaxel (Taxol) and camptothecin
have been tested clinically, while vinflunine ditartrate, anhydrovinblastine, NK-611, tafluposide, paclitaxel
poliglumex, combretastatins, salvicine, curcumin, indirubin, triptolide, homoharringtonine are still on trial.
Conclusion:
Consequently, more effective anticancer compounds are identified during the clinical trials; these
natural products could be a key source of antitumor agents in modern anticancer therapy. It is expected that
novel anticancer phytopharmaceuticals produced from medicinal plants could be effectively used in prevention
and therapy for the cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Gezici
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature; Advanced Technology Application and Research Center, Kilis 7 Aralik University, 79000 Kilis, Turkey
| | - Nazım Şekeroğlu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; Advanced Technology Application and Research Center, Kilis 7 Aralik University, 79000 Kilis, Turkey
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5
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Smit E, Caiment F, Piepers J, Kleinjans JCS, van den Beucken T. Translational regulation is a key determinant of the cellular response to benzo[a]pyrene. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:144-152. [PMID: 29906497 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Translational control is a cellular response mechanism which initiates adaptation during various stress situations. Here, we investigated the role of translational control after benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) exposure in primary mouse hepatocytes. Translated mRNAs were separated and captured based on the number of associated ribosomes using sucrose gradients and subjected to RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to investigate translational changes. Furthermore, unseparated RNA (total RNA) was used for RNAseq to determine the transcriptional alterations. We showed that, after 24 h of exposure to 10 μM BaP, the number of genes altered by changes in mRNA translation was substantially higher compared with the number of genes altered by transcription. Although part of the BaP regulated genes were regulated by both transcription and translation, we identified genes that were uniquely regulated by mRNA translation. These mRNA transcripts encode proteins that are involved in biological processes that are not affected by transcriptional regulation. Al together this work identified a new layer of gene expression regulation that might contribute to BaP-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Smit
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200MD, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Caiment
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200MD, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Piepers
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200MD, The Netherlands
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200MD, The Netherlands
| | - Twan van den Beucken
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200MD, The Netherlands.
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6
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Hall S, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Grant GD, Desbrow B, Lai R, Arora D, Hong Y. Modulation of chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells by caffeine and chlorogenic acid. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:363-369. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1296049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hall
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Gary D. Grant
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Ben Desbrow
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard Lai
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Devinder Arora
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Yinna Hong
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Popovics P, Schally AV, Szalontay L, Block NL, Rick FG. Targeted cytotoxic analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), AEZS-108 (AN-152), inhibits the growth of DU-145 human castration-resistant prostate cancer in vivo and in vitro through elevating p21 and ROS levels. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4567-78. [PMID: 24994120 PMCID: PMC4147346 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is challenging due to lack of efficacious therapy. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs appear to act directly on cells based on the LHRH receptors on human prostate adenocarcinoma cells. We explored anticancer activity of a cytotoxic analog of LHRH, AEZS-108, consisting of LHRH agonist linked to doxorubicin. Nude mice bearing DU-145 tumors were used to compare antitumor effects of AEZS-108 with its individual constituents or their unconjugated combination. The tumor growth inhibition of conjugate was greatest among treatment groups (90.5% inhibition vs. 41% by [D-Lys(6)]LHRH+DOX). The presence of LHRH receptors on DU-145 cells was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. In vitro, AEZS-108 significantly inhibited cell proliferation (61.2% inhibition) and elevated apoptosis rates (by 46%). By the detection of the inherent doxorubicin fluorescence, unconjugated doxorubicin was seen in the nucleus; the conjugate was perinuclear and at cell membrane. Autophagy, visualized by GFP-tagged p62 reporter, was increased by AEZS-108 (7.9-fold vs. 5.3-fold by DOX+[D-Lys(6)]LHRH. AEZS-108 more effectively increased reactive oxygen species (ROS, 2-fold vs. 1.4-fold by DOX+[D-Lys(6)]LHRH) and levels of the apoptotic regulator p21 in vivo and in vitro. We demonstrate robust inhibitory effects of the targeted cytotoxic LHRH analog, AEZS-108, on LHRHR positive castration-resistant prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Popovics
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrew V Schally
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL; Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Divisions of Hematology/Oncology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Endocrinology University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Luca Szalontay
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL
| | - Norman L Block
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL; Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Divisions of Hematology/Oncology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Ferenc G Rick
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL; Department of Urology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL
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8
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Wang N, Feng Y, Tan HY, Cheung F, Hong M, Lao L, Nagamatsu T. Inhibition of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 confers to tumor suppression by a herbal formulation Huanglian-Jiedu decoction in human hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 164:309-318. [PMID: 25700642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE An oriental medicinal formulation, Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HLJDD), has been well documented in few Traditional Chinese Medicine Classics 1300 years ago for treatment of heat and dampness-related diseases. Its effect is well accepted in Asian community, including China, Japan and Korea. Recent studies have postulated HLJDD as a regimen for cancer treatment, especially liver cancer, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the suppressive effect of HLJDD on the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its possible underlying mechanism. METHODS Chemical composition of HLJDD was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The tumor suppressive effect of HLJDD was determined on both HCC cells and xenograft model. Nascent protein synthesis was detected with Click-IT protein labeling technology; protein expression was determined by immunoblotting and imunnohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Quality analysis revealed that HLJDD of different batches is consistent in both chemical composition and bioactivities. HLJDD inhibited HCC cell proliferation at its non-toxic doses, and suppressed growth and angiogenesis in xenografted murine model. HLJDD suppressed the synthesis of nascent protein via inactivation of eEF2 without deregulating the translation initiation factors. The major components in HLJDD, geniposide, berberine and baicalin, additively act on eEF2, and contributed to the responsible activity. HLJDD-activated eEF2 kinase (eEF2K) led to eEF2 inactivation, and activation of AMPK signaling may be responsible for the eEF2K induction. Blocked AMPK activity in HLJDD-treated HCC cells attenuated eEF2K activation as well as the inhibitory effect of the formula. In nutrient deprived HCC cells with inactivated eEF2, the inhibitory effect of HLJDD in tumor cell expansion was interfered. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that HLJDD has potential in blocking HCC progression with involvement of eEF2 inhibition.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/analysis
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Berberine/analysis
- Berberine/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Elongation Factor 2 Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Elongation Factor 2 Kinase/metabolism
- Female
- Flavonoids/analysis
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Humans
- Iridoids/analysis
- Iridoids/pharmacology
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Phytotherapy
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Fan Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ming Hong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lixing Lao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tadashi Nagamatsu
- Laboratory of Pharmacobiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Japan
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Kenney JW, Moore CE, Wang X, Proud CG. Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase, an unusual enzyme with multiple roles. Adv Biol Regul 2014; 55:15-27. [PMID: 24853390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) is a member of the small group of atypical 'α-kinases'. It phosphorylates and inhibits eukaryotic elongation factor 2, to slow down the elongation stage of protein synthesis, which normally consumes a great deal of energy and amino acids. The activity of eEF2K is normally dependent on calcium ions and calmodulin. eEF2K is also regulated by a plethora of other inputs, including inhibition by signalling downstream of anabolic signalling pathways such as the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. Recent data show that eEF2K helps to protect cancer cells against nutrient starvation and is also cytoprotective in other settings, including hypoxia. Growing evidence points to roles for eEF2K in neurological processes such as learning and memory and perhaps in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W Kenney
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 7LB, UK
| | - Claire E Moore
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 7LB, UK
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 7LB, UK
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 7LB, UK.
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10
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Oji Y, Tatsumi N, Fukuda M, Nakatsuka SI, Aoyagi S, Hirata E, Nanchi I, Fujiki F, Nakajima H, Yamamoto Y, Shibata S, Nakamura M, Hasegawa K, Takagi S, Fukuda I, Hoshikawa T, Murakami Y, Mori M, Inoue M, Naka T, Tomonaga T, Shimizu Y, Nakagawa M, Hasegawa J, Nezu R, Inohara H, Izumoto S, Nonomura N, Yoshimine T, Okumura M, Morii E, Maeda H, Nishida S, Hosen N, Tsuboi A, Oka Y, Sugiyama H. The translation elongation factor eEF2 is a novel tumor‑associated antigen overexpressed in various types of cancers. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1461-9. [PMID: 24589652 PMCID: PMC4027928 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that cancer immunotherapy could be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer. In the present study, to identify novel tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), the proteins expressed in a panel of cancer cells were serologically screened by immunoblot analysis and the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) was identified as an antigen that was recognized by IgG autoantibody in sera from a group of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) or colon cancer. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that serum eEF2 IgG Ab levels were significantly higher in colorectal and gastric cancer patients compared to healthy individuals. Immunohistochemistry experiments showed that the eEF2 protein was overexpressed in the majority of lung, esophageal, pancreatic, breast and prostate cancers, HNSCC, glioblastoma multiforme and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Knockdown of eEF2 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) significantly inhibited the growth in four eEF2-expressing cell lines, PC14 lung cancer, PCI6 pancreatic cancer, HT1080 fibrosarcoma and A172 glioblastoma cells, but not in eEF2-undetectable MCF7 cells. Furthermore, eEF2-derived 9-mer peptides, EF786 (eEF2 786-794 aa) and EF292 (eEF2 292-300 aa), elicited cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from an HLA-A*24:02- and an HLA-A*02:01-positive healthy donor, respectively, in an HLA-A-restricted manner. These results indicated that the eEF2 gene is overexpressed in the majority of several types of cancers and plays an oncogenic role in cancer cell growth. Moreover, the eEF2 gene product is immunogenic and a promising target molecule of cancer immunotherapy for several types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Oji
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Tatsumi
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Fukuda
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Sayaka Aoyagi
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Erika Hirata
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Isamu Nanchi
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Fujiki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakajima
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamamoto
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Syohei Shibata
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiyo Nakamura
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kana Hasegawa
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sayaka Takagi
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Fukuda
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hoshikawa
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yui Murakami
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Mori
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Toneyama National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Inoue
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Naka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Shimizu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Takarazuka City Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | | | - Riichiro Nezu
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Inohara
- Department of Otolaryngology and Sensory Organ Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Izumoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yoshimine
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Meinoshin Okumura
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hajime Maeda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Toneyama National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Nishida
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuboi
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Oka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Chu HP, Liao Y, Novak JS, Hu Z, Merkin JJ, Shymkiv Y, Braeckman BP, Dorovkov MV, Nguyen A, Clifford PM, Nagele RG, Harrison DE, Ellis RE, Ryazanov AG. Germline quality control: eEF2K stands guard to eliminate defective oocytes. Dev Cell 2014; 28:561-572. [PMID: 24582807 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The control of germline quality is critical to reproductive success and survival of a species; however, the mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K), an evolutionarily conserved regulator of protein synthesis, functions to maintain germline quality and eliminate defective oocytes. We show that disruption of eEF2K in mice reduces ovarian apoptosis and results in the accumulation of aberrant follicles and defective oocytes at advanced reproductive age. Furthermore, the loss of eEF2K in Caenorhabditis elegans results in a reduction of germ cell death and significant decline in oocyte quality and embryonic viability. Examination of the mechanisms by which eEF2K regulates apoptosis shows that eEF2K senses oxidative stress and quickly downregulates short-lived antiapoptotic proteins, XIAP and c-FLIPL by inhibiting global protein synthesis. These results suggest that eEF2K-mediated inhibition of protein synthesis renders cells susceptible to apoptosis and functions to eliminate suboptimal germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Ping Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - James S Novak
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Zhixian Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Jason J Merkin
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Yuriy Shymkiv
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | | | - Maxim V Dorovkov
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Alexandra Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Peter M Clifford
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, 08084, USA
| | - Robert G Nagele
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, 08084, USA
| | | | - Ronald E Ellis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, 08084, USA
| | - Alexey G Ryazanov
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
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12
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Tan HY, Wang N, Tsao SW, Zhang Z, Feng Y. Suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor via inactivation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 by alkaloids in Coptidis rhizome in hepatocellular carcinoma. Integr Cancer Ther 2013; 13:425-34. [PMID: 24363282 DOI: 10.1177/1534735413513635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY To investigate the inhibitory effect of Coptidis rhizome aqueous extract (CRAE) on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and tumor angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Quality control of CRAE was determined. Secretion of VEGF protein and expression of its mRNA in MHCC97L and Hep G2 cells were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Synthesis of nascent protein was determined by AHA-protein-labeling technologies. The in vivo antiangiogenic effect of CRAE was evaluated with a xenograft model. RESULTS Absence of organochlorine pesticides in CRAE was found, and phytochemical analysis showed that its components were in proportion of magnoflorine 2.2%, jatrorrhizine 1.68%, palmatine 4.4%, and berberine 13.8%. CRAE exhibited significant inhibition on VEGF secretion from MHCC97L and HepG2 cells at nontoxic doses. The mRNA transcripts of VEGF could not be inhibited by CRAE; however, synthesis of VEGF nascent protein was potently blocked by CRAE. CRAE intervention increased the phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) in HCC cells, which blocked eEF2 activity for proceeding nascent protein synthesis. The activity of eEF2 was restored in CRAE-treated HCC cells in the presence of A484594, leading to the recovery of VEGF expression. Berberine was found to be the major active component in CRAE; however, CRAE is more effective in inhibiting eEF2 activity compared to berberine treatment alone, suggesting the additive effect of other components present. Reduction of tumor size and neovascularization were observed in mice xenograft model. CONCLUSION Our study postulates the antiangiogenic effect of CRAE on hepatocellular carcinoma via an eEF2-driven pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hor Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sai-Wah Tsao
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhangjin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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13
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Wennerberg E, Sarhan D, Carlsten M, Kaminskyy VO, D'Arcy P, Zhivotovsky B, Childs R, Lundqvist A. Doxorubicin sensitizes human tumor cells to NK cell- and T-cell-mediated killing by augmented TRAIL receptor signaling. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:1643-52. [PMID: 23504627 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic that is widely used to treat different types of malignancy. In this study, it was studied whether DOX could be used to render tumor cells susceptible to apoptosis by NK and T cells. Pretreatment with subapoptotic doses of DOX sensitized tumor cell lines of various histotypes to both NK and T cells resulting in a 3.7 to 32.7% increase in lysis (2.5 mean fold increase, p < 0.0001) and a 2.9 to 14.2% increase in lysis (3.0 mean-fold increase, p < 0.05), respectively. The sensitizing effect of the drug was primarily dependent on the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)/TRAIL-receptor signaling, but not on Fas-ligand, perforin, NKG2D or DNAM-1. The central role of the TRAIL signaling pathway was further supported by an increased expression of TRAIL-R2 on DOX-treated tumor cells and by downregulation of cellular FLICE inhibitory protein, the inhibitors of death receptor-mediated apoptosis. Compared to untreated cells, pretreatment of tumor cells with DOX showed increased processing and activation of caspase-8 on coculture with NK or T cells. The significance of this treatment strategy was confirmed using a xenogeneic tumor-bearing mouse model. Tumor progression was delayed in mice that received either NK cells (p < 0.05) or T cells (p < 0.0001) following DOX treatment compared to mice receiving either cell type alone. Moreover, combined infusion of both NK and T cells following DOX treatment not only delayed tumor progression but also significantly improved the long-term survival (p < 0.01). Based on these findings, it was proposed that DOX can be used to improve the efficacy of adoptive cell therapy in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Wennerberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Kong R, Jia G, Cheng ZX, Wang YW, Mu M, Wang SJ, Pan SH, Gao Y, Jiang HC, Dong DL, Sun B. Dihydroartemisinin enhances Apo2L/TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells via ROS-mediated up-regulation of death receptor 5. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37222. [PMID: 22666346 PMCID: PMC3364248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin, has recently shown antitumor activity in various cancer cells. Apo2 ligand or tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Apo2L/TRAIL) is regarded as a promising anticancer agent, but chemoresistance affects its efficacy as a treatment strategy. Apoptosis induced by the combination of DHA and Apo2L/TRAIL has not been well documented, and the mechanisms involved remain unclear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here, we report that DHA enhances the efficacy of Apo2L/TRAIL for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. We found that combined therapy using DHA and Apo2L/TRAIL significantly enhanced apoptosis in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells compared with single-agent treatment in vitro. The effect of DHA was mediated through the generation of reactive oxygen species, the induction of death receptor 5 (DR5) and the modulation of apoptosis-related proteins. However, N-acetyl cysteine significantly reduced the enhanced apoptosis observed with the combination of DHA and Apo2L/TRAIL. In addition, knockdown of DR5 by small interfering RNA also significantly reduced the amount of apoptosis induced by DHA and Apo2L/TRAIL. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that DHA enhances Apo2L/TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells through reactive oxygen species-mediated up-regulation of DR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kong
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-xin Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Mu
- Department of Biology, School of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shuang-jia Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang-ha Pan
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-chi Jiang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - De-li Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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15
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Steroids from Commiphora mukul display antiproliferative effect against human prostate cancer PC3 cells via induction of apoptosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4801-6. [PMID: 22687747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Two new stigmastane-type steroids, stigmasta-5,22E-diene-3β,11α-diol (1) and stigmasta-5,22E-diene-3β,7α,11α-triol (2), together with eight known compounds, were isolated from the resinous exudates of Commiphora mukul. Their structures were established by extensive analysis of their HR-MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR (COSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY) spectra. The isolates were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against four human cancer cell lines. Compound 2 demonstrated inhibitory effects with IC(50) values of 5.21, 9.04, 10.94 and 16.56 μM, respectively, against K562, MCF-7, PC3 and DU145 human cancer cell lines. Further study showed that 2 was able to enforce the PC3 cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and induce the apoptosis of PC3 cells by activation of Bax, caspases 3 and 9, and by inhibition of Bcl-2. It was also found that 1 inhibited proliferation of PC3 cells via G0/G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle.
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16
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Parallel screening of FDA-approved antineoplastic drugs for identifying sensitizers of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:470. [PMID: 22044796 PMCID: PMC3223153 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) and agonistic antibodies to death receptor 4 and 5 are promising candidates for cancer therapy due to their ability to induce apoptosis selectively in a variety of human cancer cells, while demonstrating little cytotoxicity in normal cells. Although TRAIL and agonistic antibodies to DR4 and DR5 are considered safe and promising candidates in cancer therapy, many malignant cells are resistant to DR-mediated, TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In the current work, we screened a small library of fifty-five FDA and foreign-approved anti-neoplastic drugs in order to identify candidates that sensitized resistant prostate and pancreatic cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. METHODS FDA-approved drugs were screened for their ability to sensitize TRAIL resistant prostate cancer cells to TRAIL using an MTT assay for cell viability. Analysis of variance was used to identify drugs that exhibited synergy with TRAIL. Drugs demonstrating the highest synergy were selected as leads and tested in different prostate and pancreatic cancer cell lines, and one immortalized human pancreatic epithelial cell line. Sequential and simultaneous dosing modalities were investigated and the annexin V/propidium iodide assay, in concert with fluorescence microscopy, was employed to visualize cells undergoing apoptosis. RESULTS Fourteen drugs were identified as having synergy with TRAIL, including those whose TRAIL sensitization activities were previously unknown in either prostate or pancreatic cancer cells or both. Five leads were tested in additional cancer cell lines of which, doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, and mithramycin demonstrated synergy in all lines. In particular, mitoxantrone and mithramycin demonstrated significant synergy with TRAIL and led to reduction of cancer cell viability at concentrations lower than 1 μM. At these low concentrations, mitoxantrone demonstrated selectivity toward malignant cells over normal pancreatic epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS The identification of a number of FDA-approved drugs as TRAIL sensitizers can expand chemotherapeutic options for combination treatments in prostate and pancreatic cancer diseases.
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17
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Stagni V, Mingardi M, Santini S, Giaccari D, Barilà D. ATM kinase activity modulates cFLIP protein levels: potential interplay between DNA damage signalling and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1956-63. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Sauter KAD, Magun EA, Iordanov MS, Magun BE. ZAK is required for doxorubicin, a novel ribotoxic stressor, to induce SAPK activation and apoptosis in HaCaT cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2010; 10:258-66. [PMID: 20559024 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.10.3.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is an anthracycline drug that is one of the most effective and widely used anticancer agents for the treatment of both hematologic and solid tumors. The stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) are frequently activated by a number of cancer chemotherapeutics. When phosphorylated, the SAPKs initiate a cascade that leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Some inhibitors of protein synthesis, known as ribotoxic stressors, coordinately activate SAPKs and lead to apoptotic cell death. We demonstrate that doxorubicin effectively inhibits protein synthesis, activates SAPKs, and causes apoptosis. Ribotoxic stressors share a common mechanism in that they require ZAK, an upstream MAP3K, to activate the pro-apoptotic and proinflammatory signaling pathways that lie downstream of SAPKs. By employing siRNA mediated knockdown of ZAK or administration of sorafenib and nilotinib, kinase inhibitors that have a high affinity for ZAK, we provide evidence that ZAK is required for doxorubicin-induced proinflammatory and apoptotic responses in HaCaT cells, a pseudo-normal keratinocyte cell line, but not in HeLa cells, a cancerous cell line. ZAK has two different isoforms, ZAK-α (91 kDa) and ZAK-β (51 kDa). HaCaT or HeLa cells treated with doxorubicin and immunoblotted for ZAK displayed a progressive decrease in the ZAK-α band and the appearance of ZAK-β bands of larger size. Abrogation of these changes after exposure of cells to sorafenib and nilotinib suggests that these alterations occur following stimulation of ZAK. We suggest that ZAK inhibitors such as sorafenib or nilotinib may be effective when combined with doxorubicin to treat cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A D Sauter
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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19
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Middelbeek J, Clark K, Venselaar H, Huynen MA, van Leeuwen FN. The alpha-kinase family: an exceptional branch on the protein kinase tree. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:875-90. [PMID: 20012461 PMCID: PMC2827801 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0215-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The alpha-kinase family represents a class of atypical protein kinases that display little sequence similarity to conventional protein kinases. Early studies on myosin heavy chain kinases in Dictyostelium discoideum revealed their unusual propensity to phosphorylate serine and threonine residues in the context of an alpha-helix. Although recent studies show that some members of this family can also phosphorylate residues in non-helical regions, the name alpha-kinase has remained. During evolution, the alpha-kinase domains combined with many different functional subdomains such as von Willebrand factor-like motifs (vWKa) and even cation channels (TRPM6 and TRPM7). As a result, these kinases are implicated in a large variety of cellular processes such as protein translation, Mg(2+) homeostasis, intracellular transport, cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on different members of this kinase family and discuss the potential use of alpha-kinases as drug targets in diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Middelbeek
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kristopher Clark
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH Scotland UK
| | - Hanka Venselaar
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn A. Huynen
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank N. van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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20
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White-Gilbertson SJ, Kasman L, McKillop J, Tirodkar T, Lu P, Voelkel-Johnson C. Oxidative stress sensitizes bladder cancer cells to TRAIL mediated apoptosis by down-regulating anti-apoptotic proteins. J Urol 2009; 182:1178-85. [PMID: 19625063 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE TRAIL, an endogenous protein involved in immunosurveillance and a novel drug in clinical trials, is of particular interest as cancer therapy because it can induce apoptosis in cancer cells but not in normal cells. Since some cancers develop resistance to TRAIL, safe and effective methods of TRAIL sensitization are of clinical interest. We explored how chemotherapy and oxidative stress affect TRAIL sensitivity and expression of proteins in the apoptotic pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sensitivity to TRAIL was assessed in viability assays. Apoptosis was measured by caspase-3/7 activity and/or nuclear condensation using Hoechst staining. Western blotting was used to determine cleavage, phosphorylation or alterations in protein expression. RESULTS TRAIL decreased the viability of 5637 but not of J82 or T24 bladder carcinoma cells (ATCC(R)). Chemotherapy with doxorubicin or cisplatin (Ben Venue Laboratories, Bedford, Ohio) decreased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein cFLIP(S) and increased caspase-8 cleavage, reversing TRAIL resistance in T24 cells. Specific targeting of cFLIP(S) by siRNA was insufficient for sensitization to TRAIL in T24 cells. However, chemotherapy mediated TRAIL sensitization was mimicked by low concentrations of H(2)O(2), which resulted in the phosphorylation of translation EF2 and decreased the expression of several short half-life, anti-apoptotic proteins, including FLIP(S), XIAP and survivin. CONCLUSIONS Inducing oxidative stress by low H(2)O(2) concentrations may reverse TRAIL resistance. This warrants the further exploration of H(2)O(2) as an adjuvant intravesical treatment to lower the apoptotic threshold of bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai J White-Gilbertson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29403, USA
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21
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White-Gilbertson S, Kurtz DT, Voelkel-Johnson C. The role of protein synthesis in cell cycling and cancer. Mol Oncol 2009; 3:402-8. [PMID: 19546037 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycling and protein synthesis are both key physiological tasks for cancer cells. Here we present a model for how the elongation phase of protein synthesis, governed by elongation factor 2 and elongation factor 2 kinase, both modulates and responds to cell cycling. Within this framework we also discuss survivin, a protein with both pro-mitotic and anti-apoptotic roles whose persistence in the cell is tied to protein synthesis due to its short half-life. Finally, we provide a brief overview of efforts of cancer researchers to target EF2 and EF2 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai White-Gilbertson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Song IS, Kim SU, Oh NS, Kim J, Yu DY, Huang SM, Kim JM, Lee DS, Kim NS. Peroxiredoxin I contributes to TRAIL resistance through suppression of redox-sensitive caspase activation in human hepatoma cells. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:1106-14. [PMID: 19406930 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) resistance of many cancers. We evaluated the role of peroxiredoxin (Prx) I in TRAIL resistance governed by coupling of nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox)-derived ROS signaling with the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/caspase-signaling cascade in liver cancer cells. Upregulated Prx I expression was found in neoplastic regions of human patient liver, and Prx I knockdown resulted in accelerated TRAIL-induced cell death in SK-Hep-1 human hepatoma cells. The TRAIL cytotoxicity by Prx I knockdown was dependent on activation of caspase-8/3 cascades, which was ablated by addition of inhibitors for p38 MAPK, ROS or Nox, suggesting the association with Nox-driven redox signaling. Furthermore, we found that Nox4 was constitutively expressed in both SK-Hep-1 cells and tumor regions of patient livers, knockdown of Nox4 expression could alleviate ROS generation and TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity. In accordance with previous findings, increased activation of both p38 MAPK and caspase cascades by Prx I knockdown was inhibited by either Nox4 knockdown or SB203580 addition. Collectively, these data suggest that Prx I functions to block propagation of Nox-derived ROS signaling to the p38 MAPK/caspase/cell death cascade during TRAIL treatment and also provides a molecular mechanism by which Prx I contributes to TRAIL resistance in liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sung Song
- Genome Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yusong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Ahlawat P, Srinivas NR. Interspecies scaling of a camptothecin analogue: Human predictions for intravenous topotecan using animal data. Xenobiotica 2008; 38:1377-85. [DOI: 10.1080/00498250802488577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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White-Gilbertson S, Rubinchik S, Voelkel-Johnson C. Transformation, translation and TRAIL: an unexpected intersection. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2008; 19:167-72. [PMID: 18353705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a cytokine with roles in tumor surveillance and tolerance. TRAIL selectively induces apoptosis in many malignant but not normal cells but the underlying cause for spontaneous TRAIL sensitivity remains elusive. We propose a novel hypothesis that links TRAIL sensitivity to translational arrest following stresses that inactivate eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (EF2). Affected cells experience a reduction in apoptotic threshold because, due to their short half-lives, levels of anti-apoptotic proteins quickly drop off once translation elongation is inhibited leaving pro-apoptotic proteins unchallenged. This change in protein profile renders affected cells sensitive to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis and places EF2 into the role of a sensor for cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai White-Gilbertson
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, PO Box 250504/BSB201, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Throughout history, natural products have afforded a rich source of compounds that have found many applications in the fields of medicine, pharmacy and biology. Within the sphere of cancer, a number of important new commercialised drugs have been obtained from natural sources, by structural modification of natural compounds, or by the synthesis of new compounds, designed following a natural compound as model. The search for improved cytotoxic agents continues to be an important line in the discovery of modern anticancer drugs. The huge structural diversity of natural compounds and their bioactivity potential have meant that several products isolated from plants, marine flora and microorganisms can serve as "lead" compounds for improvement of their therapeutic potential by molecular modification. Additionally, semisynthesis processes of new compounds, obtained by molecular modification of the functional groups of lead compounds, are able to generate structural analogues with greater pharmacological activity and with fewer side effects. These processes, complemented with high-throughput screening protocols, combinatorial chemistry, computational chemistry and bioinformatics are able to afford compounds that are far more efficient than those currently used in clinical practice. Combinatorial biosynthesis is also applied for the modification of natural microbial products. Likewise, advances in genomics and the advent of biotechnology have improved both the discovery and production of new natural compounds.
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A pharmacoproteomic approach implicates eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase in ER stress-induced cell death. Cell Death Differ 2008; 15:589-99. [PMID: 18188169 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in many diseases but its cellular regulation remains poorly understood. Previously, we identified salubrinal (sal), a small molecule that protects cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis by selectively activating a subset of endogenous ER stress-signaling events. Here, we use sal as a probe in a proteomic approach to discover new information about the endogenous cellular response to ER stress. We show that sal induces phosphorylation of the translation elongation factor eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF-2), an event that depends on eEF-2 kinase (eEF-2K). ER stress itself also induces eEF-2K-dependent eEF-2 phosphorylation, and this pathway promotes translational arrest and cell death in this context, identifying eEF-2K as a hitherto unknown regulator of ER stress-induced apoptosis. Finally, we use both sal and ER stress models to show that eEF-2 phosphorylation can be activated by at least two signaling mechanisms. Our work identifies eEF-2K as a new component of the ER stress response and underlines the utility of novel small molecules in discovering new cell biology.
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