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Li N, Liang Y, Zhang L, Xu C, Wang L. Neolignans in Magnolia officinalis as natural anti-Alzheimer's disease agents: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102398. [PMID: 38955265 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnolia officinalis, a traditional herbal medicine widely used in clinical practice, exerts antibacterial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging activities. Neolignans are the main active ingredients of M. officinalis and exert a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) activity. OBJECTIVE To summarize the published data on the therapeutic effect and mechanism of neolignans on AD in vivo and in vitro. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus were systematically reviewed (up to March 1, 2024) for pre-clinical studies. RESULTS M. officinalis-derived neolignans (honokiol, magnolol, 4-O-methylhonokiol, and obovatol) alleviated behavioral abnormalities, including learning and cognitive impairments, in AD animal models. Mechanistically, neolignans inhibited Aβ generation or aggregation, neuroinflammation, and acetylcholinesterase activity; promoted microglial phagocytosis and anti-oxidative stress; alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolism, as well as anti-cholinergic deficiency; and regulated intestinal flora. Furthermore, neolignans may achieve neuroprotection by regulating different molecular pathways, including the NF-κB, ERK, AMPK/mTOR/ULK1, and cAMP/PKA/CREB pathways. CONCLUSIONS Neolignans exert anti-AD effects through multiple mechanisms and pathways. However, the exact targets, pharmacokinetics, safety, and clinical efficacy in patients with AD need further investigation in multi-center clinical case-control studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, PR China.
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, PR China.
| | - Changlu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, PR China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, PR China.
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Halder D, Das S, R S J, Joseph A. Role of multi-targeted bioactive natural molecules and their derivatives in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: an insight into structure-activity relationship. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:11286-11323. [PMID: 36579430 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2158136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder involving cognitive dysfunction like short-term memory and behavioral changes as the disease progresses due to other unaltered physiological factors. The solution for this problem is Multi-targeted Drugs (MTDs), which can affect multiple determinants to realize the multifunctional effects. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist memantine are FDA-approved drugs used to treat AD symptomatically. The key objective of this review is to understand multitargeted bioactive natural molecules that could be considered as leads for further development as effective drugs for treating AD, along with understanding its pharmacology and structure-activity relationship (SAR). Understanding the molecular mechanism of the AD pathophysiology, the role of existing drugs, treatment of AD via amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque, and neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) inhibition by natural bioactive molecules were also discussed in the review. The current quest and recent advancements with natural bioactive compounds like physostigmine, resveratrol, curcumin, and catechins, along with the study of in silico SAR, were reported in the present study. This review summarises the structural properties required for bioactive natural molecules to show anti-Alzheimer's activity by emphasizing on SAR of several bioactive natural molecules targeting various AD pathologies, their key molecular interactions that are critical for target specificity, their role as multitargeted ligands, used with adjunctive therapy for AD followed by related US patents granted recently. This article highlights the significance of the structural features of natural bioactive molecules in the treatment of AD and establishes a connection between them.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Halder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Subham Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jeyaprakash R S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Alex Joseph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Silva AM, Preto M, Grosso C, Vieira M, Delerue-Matos C, Vasconcelos V, Reis M, Barros L, Martins R. Tracing the Path between Mushrooms and Alzheimer's Disease-A Literature Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5614. [PMID: 37513486 PMCID: PMC10384108 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is well-known among neurodegenerative diseases for the decline of cognitive functions, making overall daily tasks difficult or impossible. The disease prevails as the most common form of dementia and remains without a well-defined etiology. Being considered a disease of multifactorial origin, current targeted treatments have only managed to reduce or control symptoms, and to date, only two drugs are close to being able to halt its progression. For decades, natural compounds produced by living organisms have been at the forefront of research for new therapies. Mushrooms, which are well-known for their nutritional and medicinal properties, have also been studied for their potential use in the treatment of AD. Natural products derived from mushrooms have shown to be beneficial in several AD-related mechanisms, including the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and β-secretase (BACE 1); the prevention of amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation and neurotoxicity; and the prevention of Tau expression and aggregation, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Several studies in the literature relate mushrooms to neurodegenerative diseases. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no publication that summarizes only AD data. In this context, this review aims to link the therapeutic potential of mushrooms to AD by compiling the anti-AD potential of different mushroom extracts or isolated compounds, targeting known AD-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Silva
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Marco Preto
- CIIMAR/CIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.P.); (V.V.); (M.R.)
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Mónica Vieira
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.S.); (M.V.)
- TBIO—Centro de Investigação em Saúde Translacional e Biotecnologia Médica, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.P.); (V.V.); (M.R.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Reis
- CIIMAR/CIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.P.); (V.V.); (M.R.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- CIMO, Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Rosário Martins
- CIIMAR/CIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.P.); (V.V.); (M.R.)
- CISA, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Siddiqui A, Shah Z, Jahan RN, Othman I, Kumari Y. Mechanistic role of boswellic acids in Alzheimer's disease: Emphasis on anti-inflammatory properties. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112250. [PMID: 34607104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The resin/gum of Boswellia species belonging to the family of Burseraceae is a naturally occurring mixture of bioactive compounds, which was traditionally used as a folk medicine to treat conditions like chronic inflammation. Several research studies have also explored its' therapeutic potential against multiple neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The main chemical constituents of this gum include boswellic acids (BAs) like 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β boswellic acid (AKBA) that possess potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in AD. It is also involved in inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the cholinergic pathway and improve choline levels as well as its binding with nicotinic receptors to produce anti-inflammatory effects. Multiple shreds of evidence have demonstrated that BAs modulate key molecular targets and signalling pathways like 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase, Nrf2, NF-kB, cholinergic, amyloid-beta (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles formation (NFTs) that are involved in AD progression. The present review focuses on the possible mechanistic therapeutic role of BAs in modulating the 5-LOX/COX pathway in arachidonic acid metabolism, activating Nrf2 through binding of ARE, inhibiting NF-kB and AChE activity. In addition, an inhibition of amyloid plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) induced neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation in AD by BAs is also discussed in this review. We have also highlighted that BAs possess beneficial effects in AD by targeting multiple molecular pathways and makes it an emerging drug candidate for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Siddiqui
- Neurological disorder and aging research group (NDA), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zahoor Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo 43614, OH, USA
| | - Rao Nargis Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neurological disorder and aging research group (NDA), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
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5
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Uddin MS, Hasana S, Ahmad J, Hossain MF, Rahman MM, Behl T, Rauf A, Ahmad A, Hafeez A, Perveen A, Ashraf GM. Anti-Neuroinflammatory Potential of Polyphenols by Inhibiting NF-κB to Halt Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:402-414. [PMID: 33213314 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201118092422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irrevocable chronic brain disorder featured by neuronal loss, microglial accumulation, and progressive cognitive impairment. The proper pathophysiology of this life-threatening disorder is not completely understood and no exact remedies have been found yet. Over the last few decades, research on AD has mainly highlighted pathomechanisms linked to a couple of the major pathological hallmarks, including extracellular senile plaques made of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) made of tau proteins. Aβ can induce apoptosis, trigger an inflammatory response, and inhibit the synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus, which ultimately contributes to reducing cognitive functions and memory impairment. Recently, a third disease hallmark, the neuroinflammatory reaction that is mediated by cerebral innate immune cells, has become a spotlight in the current research area, assured by pre-clinical, clinical, and genetic investigations. Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), a cytokine producer, is significantly associated with physiological inflammatory proceedings and thus shows a promising candidate for inflammation- based AD therapy. Recent data reveal that phytochemicals, mainly polyphenol compounds, exhibit potential neuroprotective functions and these may be considered as a vital resource for discovering several drug candidates against AD. Interestingly, phytochemicals can easily interfere with the signaling pathway of NF-κB. This review represents the anti-neuroinflammatory potential of polyphenols as inhibitors of NF-κB to combat AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sharifa Hasana
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ausaf Ahmad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Lago-Fernandez A, Zarzo-Arias S, Jagerovic N, Morales P. Relevance of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors in Multitarget Paradigm Associated with the Endocannabinoid System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1001. [PMID: 33498245 PMCID: PMC7863932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids have shown to exert their therapeutic actions through a variety of targets. These include not only the canonical cannabinoid receptors CB1R and CB2R but also related orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), ligand-gated ion channels, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, metabolic enzymes, and nuclear receptors. In this review, we aim to summarize reported compounds exhibiting their therapeutic effects upon the modulation of CB1R and/or CB2R and the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Concomitant actions at CBRs and PPARα or PPARγ subtypes have shown to mediate antiobesity, analgesic, antitumoral, or neuroprotective properties of a variety of phytogenic, endogenous, and synthetic cannabinoids. The relevance of this multitargeting mechanism of action has been analyzed in the context of diverse pathologies. Synergistic effects triggered by combinatorial treatment with ligands that modulate the aforementioned targets have also been considered. This literature overview provides structural and pharmacological insights for the further development of dual cannabinoids for specific disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Medicinal Chemistry Institute, Spanish Research Council, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-F.); (S.Z.-A.)
| | - Paula Morales
- Medicinal Chemistry Institute, Spanish Research Council, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-F.); (S.Z.-A.)
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7
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Pizzo P, Basso E, Filadi R, Greotti E, Leparulo A, Pendin D, Redolfi N, Rossini M, Vajente N, Pozzan T, Fasolato C. Presenilin-2 and Calcium Handling: Molecules, Organelles, Cells and Brain Networks. Cells 2020; 9:E2166. [PMID: 32992716 PMCID: PMC7601421 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Presenilin-2 (PS2) is one of the three proteins that are dominantly mutated in familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). It forms the catalytic core of the γ-secretase complex-a function shared with its homolog presenilin-1 (PS1)-the enzyme ultimately responsible of amyloid-β (Aβ) formation. Besides its enzymatic activity, PS2 is a multifunctional protein, being specifically involved, independently of γ-secretase activity, in the modulation of several cellular processes, such as Ca2+ signalling, mitochondrial function, inter-organelle communication, and autophagy. As for the former, evidence has accumulated that supports the involvement of PS2 at different levels, ranging from organelle Ca2+ handling to Ca2+ entry through plasma membrane channels. Thus FAD-linked PS2 mutations impact on multiple aspects of cell and tissue physiology, including bioenergetics and brain network excitability. In this contribution, we summarize the main findings on PS2, primarily as a modulator of Ca2+ homeostasis, with particular emphasis on the role of its mutations in the pathogenesis of FAD. Identification of cell pathways and molecules that are specifically targeted by PS2 mutants, as well as of common targets shared with PS1 mutants, will be fundamental to disentangle the complexity of memory loss and brain degeneration that occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Emy Basso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leparulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
| | - Diana Pendin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Nelly Redolfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
| | - Michela Rossini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
| | - Nicola Vajente
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Tullio Pozzan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via G. Orus 2B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Fasolato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
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Ju Hwang C, Choi DY, Park MH, Hong JT. NF-κB as a Key Mediator of Brain Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:3-10. [PMID: 28782486 DOI: 10.2174/1871527316666170807130011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia. It is characterized by betaamyloid peptide fibrils which are extracellular deposition of a specific protein, accompanied by extensive neuroinflammation. Various studies show the presence of a number of inflammation markers in the AD brain: elevated inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and an accumulation of activated microglia in the damaged regions. NF-κB is a family of redox sensitive transcriptional factors, and it is known that NF-κB has binding sites in the promoter region of the genes involved in amyloidogenesis and inflammation. Long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prevents progression of AD and delays its onset, suggesting that there is a close correlation between NF-κB and AD pathogenesis. This study aims to (1) assess the association between NF-κB activity and AD through discussion of a variety of experimental and clinical studies on AD and (2) review treatment strategies designed to treat or prevent AD with NF-κB inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Ju Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Korea
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9
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Kheiri G, Dolatshahi M, Rahmani F, Rezaei N. Role of p38/MAPKs in Alzheimer's disease: implications for amyloid beta toxicity targeted therapy. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:9-30. [PMID: 29804103 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A myriad of environmental and genetic factors, as well as the physiologic process of aging, contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Neuroinflammation is and has been a focus of interest, as a common gateway for initiation of many of the underlying pathologies of AD. Amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity, increasing RAGE expression, tau hyperphosphorylation, induction of apoptosis, and deregulated autophagy are among other mechanisms, partly entangled and being explained by activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and MAPK signaling. p38 MAPK is the most essential regulator of Aβ induced toxicity from this family. p38 induces NF-κB activation, glutamate excitotoxicity, and disruption of synaptic plasticity, which are other implications of all justifying the p38 MAPK as a potential target to break the vicious Aβ toxicity cycle. Until recently, many in vivo and in vitro studies have investigated the effects of p38 MAPK inhibitors in AD. The pyridinyl imidazole compounds SB202190 and SB203580 have shown promising anti-apoptotic results in vivo. MW108 inhibits activation of p38 and is able to postpone cognitive decline in animal models. The PD169316, with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic features, has improved spatial memory in vivo. Natural compounds from Camellia sinensis (green tea), polyphenols from olive oil, pinocembrin from propolis, and the puerarine extract isoflavones, have shown strong anti-apoptotic features, mediated by p38 MAPK inhibition. Use of these drug targets is limited due to central nervous system side effects or cross-reactivity with other kinases, predicting the low efficacy of these drugs in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Kheiri
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1416753955 Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 19166 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Dolatshahi
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1416753955 Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 19166 Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1416753955 Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 19166 Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 19166 Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
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Morroni F, Sita G, Graziosi A, Ravegnini G, Molteni R, Paladini MS, Dias KST, dos Santos AF, Viegas C, Camps I, Pruccoli L, Tarozzi A, Hrelia P. PQM130, a Novel Feruloyl-Donepezil Hybrid Compound, Effectively Ameliorates the Cognitive Impairments and Pathology in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:658. [PMID: 31244664 PMCID: PMC6581760 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent type of dementia in older people. The complex nature of AD calls for the development of multitarget agents addressing key pathogenic processes. Donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, is a first-line acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for the treatment of AD. Although several studies have demonstrated the symptomatic efficacy of donepezil treatment in AD patients, the possible effects of donepezil on the AD process are not yet known. In this study, a novel feruloyl-donepezil hybrid compound (PQM130) was synthesized and evaluated as a multitarget drug candidate against the neurotoxicity induced by Aβ1-42 oligomer (AβO) injection in mice. Interestingly, PQM130 had already shown anti-inflammatory activity in different in vivo models and neuroprotective activity in human neuronal cells. The intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of AβO in mice caused the increase of memory impairment, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation. Instead, PQM130 (0.5-1 mg/kg) treatment after the i.c.v. AβO injection reduced oxidative damage and neuroinflammation and induced cell survival and protein synthesis through the modulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2). Moreover, PQM130 increased brain plasticity and protected mice against the decline in spatial cognition. Even more interesting is that PQM130 modulated different pathways compared to donepezil, and it is much more effective in counteracting AβO damage. Therefore, our findings highlighted that PQM130 is a potent multi-functional agent against AD and could act as a promising neuroprotective compound for anti-AD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Morroni
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology–FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Sita
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology–FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Agnese Graziosi
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology–FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology–FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaella Molteni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Paladini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Viegas
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Ihosvany Camps
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Letizia Pruccoli
- Department for Life Quality Studies-QuVi, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Andrea Tarozzi
- Department for Life Quality Studies-QuVi, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology–FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Choi JY, Yun J, Hwang CJ, Lee HP, Kim HD, Chun H, Park PH, Choi DY, Han SB, Hong JT. (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) Phenol Ameliorates MPTP-Induced Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration by Inhibiting the STAT3 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112632. [PMID: 31146332 PMCID: PMC6600543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is implicated in dopaminergic neurodegeneration. We have previously demonstrated that (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) phenol (MMPP), a selective signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor, has anti-inflammatory properties in several inflammatory disease models. We investigated whether MMPP could protect against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dopaminergic cell loss and behavioral impairment. Imprinting control region (ICR) mice (8 weeks old, n = 10 per group) were administered MMPP (5 mg/kg) in drinking water for 1 month, and injected with MPTP (15 mg/kg, four times with 2 h intervals) during the last 7 days of treatment. MMPP decreased MPTP-induced behavioral impairments in rotarod, pole, and gait tests. We also showed that MMPP ameliorated dopamine depletion in the striatum and inflammatory marker elevation in primary cultured neurons by high-performance liquid chromatography and immunohistochemical analysis. Increased activation of STAT3, p38, and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) were observed in the substantia nigra and striatum after MPTP injection, effects that were attenuated by MMPP treatment. Furthermore, MMPP inhibited STAT3 activity and expression of neuroinflammatory proteins, including ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+; 0.5 mM)-treated primary cultured cells. However, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors augmented the activity of MMPP. Collectively, our results suggest that MMPP may be an anti-inflammatory agent that attenuates dopaminergic neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation through MAO-B and MAPK pathway-dependent inhibition of STAT3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Cheongju 28160, Korea.
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Cheongju 28160, Korea.
| | - Chul Ju Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Cheongju 28160, Korea.
| | - Hee Pom Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Cheongju 28160, Korea.
| | - Hae Deun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Cheongju 28160, Korea.
| | - Hyungok Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Cheongju 28160, Korea.
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea.
| | - Dong Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea.
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Cheongju 28160, Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Cheongju 28160, Korea.
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12
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Yeo IJ, Park JH, Jang JS, Lee DY, Park JE, Choi YE, Joo JH, Song JK, Jeon HO, Hong JT. Inhibitory effect of Carnosol on UVB-induced inflammation via inhibition of STAT3. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 42:274-283. [PMID: 30430364 PMCID: PMC6426997 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation causes sunburn, inflammatory responses, dysregulation of immune function, oxidative stress, DNA damage and photocarcinogenesis on skin. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) has been reported to inhibit inflammation. Carnosol, a major component of Rosemary, has prominent anti-inflammatory effects. However, its protective effect on UVB-induced inflammatory skin responses has not yet been reported. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of carnosol on UVB-induced inflammation. We examined the anti-inflammation effect of topical application of carnosol (0.05 µg/cm2) on UVB (540 mJ/cm2, for 3 successive days)-induced skin inflammation in HR1 mice. Topical application of carnosol inhibited UVB-induced erythema, epidermal thickness, inflammatory responses in HR1 mice. Carnosol reduced the level of Immunoglobulin-E and IL-1β in blood serum of UVB-induced mice. Carnosol also significantly inhibited the UVB-induced expression of inflammatory marker protein (iNOS and COX-2) in back skin of mice. In addition, carnosol treated skin decreased activation of STAT3, a transcriptional factor regulating inflammatory genes. Our study suggested that carnosol has protective effects on skin inflammatory skin damages by UVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Jun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Jang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Eun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hun Joo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Kyung Song
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ok Jeon
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Yun J, Yeo IJ, Hwang CJ, Choi DY, Im HS, Kim JY, Choi WR, Jung MH, Han SB, Hong JT. Estrogen deficiency exacerbates Aβ-induced memory impairment through enhancement of neuroinflammation, amyloidogenesis and NF-ĸB activation in ovariectomized mice. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:282-293. [PMID: 29782911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is well known to have a preventative effect in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Several studies have demonstrated that nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB) can contribute to the effects of estrogen on the development of AD. We investigated whether NF-ĸB affects amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced memory impairment in an estrogen-lacking condition. In the present study, nine-week-old Institute cancer research (ICR) mice were ovariectomized to block estrogen stimulation. Ten weeks after the ovariectomization, mice were administered with Aβ (300 pmol) via intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion for 2 weeks. Memory impairment, neuroinflammatory protein expression, and amyloidogenic pathways were then measured. Ovariectomized mice demonstrated severe memory impairment, Aβ accumulation, neprilysin downregulation, and activation of NF-ĸB signaling compared to sham-control mice. In vitro experiments demonstrated that β-estradiol (10 μM) inhibited Aβ (1 μM)-induced neuroinflammation in microglial BV-2 cells and prevented Aβ-induced cell death in primary cultured neuronal cells. As in in vivo experiments, NF-ĸB activation was significantly upregulated in in vitro experiments. Furthermore β-estradiol treatment inhibited NF-ĸB activation in both of microglial BV-2 cells and cultured neuronal cells. These findings suggest that estrogen may protect against memory impairment through the regulation of Aβ accumulation and neurogenic inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksandaero 460, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Ju Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Im
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Youg Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Rak Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hee Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Gu SM, Lee HP, Ham YW, Son DJ, Kim HY, Oh KW, Han SB, Yun J, Hong JT. Piperlongumine Improves Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Amyloidogenesis by Suppressing NF-KappaB Pathway. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:312-327. [PMID: 29802525 PMCID: PMC6097046 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidogenesis is known to cause Alzheimer's disease. Our previous studies have found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis through activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB). Piperlongumine (PL) is an alkaloid amide found naturally in long pepper (Piper longum) isolates; it was reported to have inhibitory effects on NF-κB activity. We therefore investigated whether PL exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic effects by inhibiting NF-κB. A murine model of LPS-induced memory impairment was made via the intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of LPS (0.25 mg/kg/day, i.p.). We then injected PL (1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 7 days in three groups of mice to observe effects on memory. We also conducted an in vitro study with astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells, which were treated with LPS (1 µg/mL) or PL (0.5 or 1.0 or 2.5 µM). Results from our behavioral tests showed that PL inhibited LPS-induced memory. PL also prevented LPS-induced beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and inhibited the activities of β- and γ-secretases. The expression of inflammatory proteins also was decreased in PL-treated mice, cultured BV-2, and primary astrocyte cells. These effects were associated with the inhibition of NF-κB activity. A docking model analysis and pull-down assay showed that PL binds to p50. Taken together, our findings suggest that PL diminishes LPS-induced amyloidogenesis and neuroinflammation by inhibiting NF-κB signaling; PL therefore demonstrates potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Gu
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Pom Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wan Ham
- Department of Chemistry, Utah Valley University, 800W University Pkwy, Orem, UT, 84058, USA
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoi Yeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong-eup, Jeungpyeong-gun, Chungbuk, 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wan Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- Department of Neuroimmunology, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan-si, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Seo EJ, Fischer N, Efferth T. Phytochemicals as inhibitors of NF-κB for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmacol Res 2018; 129:262-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ali T, Kim T, Rehman SU, Khan MS, Amin FU, Khan M, Ikram M, Kim MO. Natural Dietary Supplementation of Anthocyanins via PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathways Mitigate Oxidative Stress, Neurodegeneration, and Memory Impairment in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:6076-6093. [PMID: 29170981 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Well-established studies have shown an elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induces oxidative stress in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) patient's brain and an animal model of AD. Herein, we investigated the underlying anti-oxidant neuroprotective mechanism of natural dietary supplementation of anthocyanins extracted from Korean black beans in the amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) mouse model of AD. Both in vivo (APP/PS1 mice) and in vitro (mouse hippocampal HT22 cells) results demonstrated that anthocyanins regulate the phosphorylated-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (p-PI3K/Akt/GSK3β) pathways and consequently attenuate amyloid beta oligomer (AβO)-induced elevations in ROS level and oxidative stress via stimulating the master endogenous anti-oxidant system of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathways and prevent apoptosis and neurodegeneration by suppressing the apoptotic and neurodegenerative markers such as activation of caspase-3 and PARP-1 expression as well as the TUNEL and Fluoro-Jade B-positive neuronal cells in the APP/PS1 mice. In vitro ApoTox-Glo™ Triplex assay results also showed that anthocyanins act as a potent anti-oxidant neuroprotective agent and reduce AβO-induced neurotoxicity in the HT22 cells via PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling. Importantly, anthocyanins improve memory-related pre- and postsynaptic protein markers and memory functions in the APP/PS1 mice. In conclusion, our data suggested that consumption and supplementation of natural-derived anti-oxidant neuroprotective agent such as anthocyanins may be beneficial and suggest new dietary-supplement strategies for intervention in and prevention of progressive neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyun Kim
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Sohail Khan
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Faiz Ul Amin
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mehtab Khan
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Choi JY, Hwang CJ, Lee DY, Gu SM, Lee HP, Choi DY, Oh KW, Han SB, Hong JT. (E)-2-Methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) Phenol Ameliorates LPS-Mediated Memory Impairment by Inhibition of STAT3 Pathway. Neuromolecular Med 2017; 19:555-570. [PMID: 29052076 PMCID: PMC5683055 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-017-8469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by an excessive accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) fibrils within the brain. We tested the anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic effects of (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) phenol (MMPP), a selective signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor. We examined whether MMPP (5 mg/kg in drinking water for 1 month) prevents amyloidogenesis and cognitive impairment on AD model mice induced by intraperitoneal LPS (250 μg/kg daily 7 times) injections. Additionally, we investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic effect of MMPP (1, 5, and 10 μg/mL) in LPS (1 μg/mL)-treated cultured astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells. MMPP treatment reduced LPS-induced memory loss. This memory recovery effect was associated with the reduction of LPS-induced inflammatory proteins; cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as activation of microglial cells and astrocytes in the brain. Furthermore, MMPP reduced LPS-induced β-secretase and Aβ generation. In in vitro study, LPS-induced expression of inflammatory proteins and amyloidogenic proteins was decreased in microglial BV-2 cells and cultured astrocytes by MMPP treatment. Moreover, MMPP treatment suppressed DNA binding activities of the activation of STAT3 in in vivo and in vitro. These results indicated that MMPP inhibits LPS-induced amyloidogenesis and neuroinflammation via inhibition of STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Ju Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Gu
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Pom Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea
| | - Ki Wan Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
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RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis is suppressed by 4-O-methylhonokiol in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:933-942. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Choi JY, Hwang CJ, Lee HP, Kim HS, Han SB, Hong JT. Inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Nannochloropsis oceanica on lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, amyloidogenesis and memory impairment. Oncotarget 2017; 8:45517-45530. [PMID: 28489589 PMCID: PMC5542205 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigated the suppressive possibility of ethanol extract of Nannochloropsis oceanica (N. oceanica) on memory deficiency along with the fundamental mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice model. Among several extracts of 32 marine microalgae, ethanol extract of N. oceanica showed the most significant inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) generation, NF-κB activity and β-secretase activity in cultured BV-2 cells, neuronal cells and Raw 264.7 cells. Ethanol extract of N. oceanica (50, 100 mg/kg) also ameliorated LPS (250 μg/kg)-induced memory impairment. We also found that ethanol extract of N. oceanica inhibited the LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2. Furthermore, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) level as well as glutathione (GSH) level was also decreased by treatment of ethanol extract of N.oceanica. The ethanol extract of N. oceanica also suppresses IκB degradation as well as p50 and p65 translocation into the nucleus in LPS-treated mice brain. Associated with the inhibitory effect on neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, ethanol extract of N. oceanica suppressed Aβ1-42 generation through down-regulation of APP and BACE1 expression in in vivo. These results suggest that ethanol extract of N. oceanica ameliorated memory impairment via anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-amyloidogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Ju Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Pom Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sik Kim
- Sustainable Bioresource Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseoung, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
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Kim SC, Kang JI, Hyun JW, Kang JH, Koh YS, Kim YH, Kim KH, Ko JH, Yoo ES, Kang HK. 4- O-Methylhonokiol Protects HaCaT Cells from TGF-β1-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest by Regulating Canonical and Non-Canonical Pathways of TGF-β Signaling. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:417-426. [PMID: 28190316 PMCID: PMC5499621 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
4-O-methylhonokiol, a neolignan compound from Magnolia Officinalis, has been reported to have various biological activities including hair growth promoting effect. However, although transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signal pathway has an essential role in the regression induction of hair growth, the effect of 4-O-methylhonokiol on the TGF-β signal pathway has not yet been elucidated. We thus examined the effect of 4-O-methylhonokiol on TGF-β-induced canonical and noncanonical pathways in HaCaT human keratinocytes. When HaCaT cells were pretreated with 4-O-methylhonokiol, TGF-β1-induced G1/G0 phase arrest and TGF-β1-induced p21 expression were decreased. Moreover, 4-O-methylhonokiol inhibited nuclear translocation of Smad2/3, Smad4 and Sp1 in TGF-β1-induced canonical pathway. We observed that ERK phosphorylation by TGF-β1 was significantly attenuated by treatment with 4-O-methylhonokiol. 4-O-methylhonokiol inhibited TGF-β1-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reduced the increase of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) mRNA level in TGF-β1-induced noncanonical pathway. These results indicate that 4-O-methylhonokiol could inhibit TGF-β1-induced cell cycle arrest through inhibition of canonical and noncanonical pathways in human keratinocyte HaCaT cell and that 4-O-methylhonokiol might have protective action on TGF-β1-induced cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Cheol Kim
- Department of Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.,Freshwater Bioresources Utilization Division, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resourecs, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Kang
- Department of Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Hyun
- Department of Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kang
- Department of Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sang Koh
- Department of Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Heui Kim
- R&D Center, Bioland Ltd., Cheonan 31257, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Kim
- R&D Center, Bioland Ltd., Cheonan 31257, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Ko
- Department of Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Yoo
- Department of Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyoung Kang
- Department of Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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Kim YE, Hwang CJ, Lee HP, Kim CS, Son DJ, Ham YW, Hellström M, Han SB, Kim HS, Park EK, Hong JT. Inhibitory effect of punicalagin on lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and memory impairment via inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB. Neuropharmacology 2017; 117:21-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hwang CJ, Park MH, Choi MK, Choi JS, Oh KW, Hwang DY, Han SB, Hong JT. Acceleration of amyloidogenesis and memory impairment by estrogen deficiency through NF-κB dependent beta-secretase activation in presenilin 2 mutant mice. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 53:113-122. [PMID: 26593275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 7-10 million people are living with Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide. Senile plaques composed of β-amyloid (Aβ) are a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Presenilin 2 (PS2) mutations increase Aβ generation in the brains of AD patients. The Aβ is generated through the sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein by β- and γ-secretases. Additionally, increasing evidences suggest that estrogen can reduce the development of AD via regulation of β-secretases activity and beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme (BACE1) expression. But the underlying correlation mechanism of Aβ generation by PS2 mutations and estrogen remains to be clarified. To investigate the anti-amyloidogenesis effect of estrogen in a PS2 mutative condition, we examined memory impairment in ovariectomized PS2 mutation (N141I) mice in which cognitive function was assessed by the Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. In addition, Western blot analysis, immunostaining, immunofluorescence staining, ELISA and enzyme activity assays were used to examine the degree of Aβ deposition in the brains. In the present study, Aβ accumulated more in the ovariectomized PS2 mutant mice brain, and greatly worsened memory impairment and glial activation as well as neurogenic inflammation. In parallel with increased memory impairment, activity of β-secretase and expression of the BACE1 increased inovariectomized PS2 mutant mice. Much higher activity of NF-κB was observed by EMSA in ovariectomized PS2 mutant mice. In addition, the Aβ level was decreased by treatment of β-estradiol through inhibiting BACE1 expression in PS2 transfacted PC12 cells. These results suggest that mutation of PS2 can lead to NF-κB mediate amyloidogensis, and this effect can be amplified by the absence of estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Ju Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ki Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Soon Choi
- Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wan Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea.
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Shadfar S, Hwang CJ, Lim MS, Choi DY, Hong JT. Involvement of inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and therapeutic potential of anti-inflammatory agents. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:2106-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0648-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Cho JH, Lee RH, Jeon YJ, Shin JC, Park SM, Choi NJ, Seo KS, Yoon G, Cho SS, Kim KH, Cho JJ, Cho YS, Kim DH, Hong JT, Lee TH, Park HJ, Jung S, Seo JM, Chen H, Dong Z, Chae JI, Shim JH. Role of transcription factor Sp1 in the 4-O-methylhonokiol-mediated apoptotic effect on oral squamous cancer cells and xenograft. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 64:287-97. [PMID: 25982202 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, biphenolic components derived from the Magnolia family have been studied for anti-cancer, anti-stress, and anti-inflammatory pharmacological effects. However, the pharmacological mechanism of action of 4-O-methylhonokiol (MH) is not clear in oral cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of MH in apoptosis and its molecular mechanism in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines, HN22 and HSC4, as well as tumor xenografts. Here, we demonstrated that MH decreased cell growth and induced apoptosis in HN22 and HSC4 cells through the regulation of specificity protein 1 (Sp1). We employed several experimental techniques such as MTS assay, DAPI staining, PI staining, Annexin-V/7-ADD staining, RT-PCR, western blot analysis, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay and in vivo xenograft model analysis. MH inhibited Sp1 protein expression and reduced Sp1 protein levels via both proteasome-dependent protein degradation and inhibition of protein synthesis in HN22 and HSC4 cells; MH did not alter Sp1 mRNA levels. We found that MH directly binds Sp1 by Sepharose 4B pull-down assay and molecular modeling. In addition, treatment with MH or knocking down Sp1 expression suppressed oral cancer cell colony formation. Moreover, MH treatment effectively inhibited tumor growth and Sp1 levels in BALB/c nude mice bearing HN22 cell xenografts. These results indicated that MH inhibited cell growth, colony formation and also induced apoptosis via Sp1 suppression in OSCC cells and xenograft tumors. Thus, MH is a potent anti-cancer drug candidate for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyoung Cho
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Dental Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ra Ham Lee
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Dental Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joo Jeon
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Dental Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Cheon Shin
- Pohang Center for Evaluation of Biomaterials, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Min Park
- Pohang Center for Evaluation of Biomaterials, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Nag-Jin Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Seok Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Hwi Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Jae Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute and the BK21 Project, Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute and the BK21 Project, Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Ju Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunggon Jung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Seo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanyong Chen
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Dental Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea.
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Gu SM, Park MH, Hwang CJ, Song HS, Lee US, Han SB, Oh KW, Ham YW, Song MJ, Son DJ, Hong JT. Bee venom ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced memory loss by preventing NF-kappaB pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:124. [PMID: 26112466 PMCID: PMC4501073 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulation of beta-amyloid and neuroinflammation trigger Alzheimer’s disease. We previously found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) caused neuroinflammation with concomitant accumulation of beta-amyloid peptides leading to memory loss. A variety of anti-inflammatory compounds inhibiting nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) activation have showed efficacy to hinder neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis. We also found that bee venom (BV) inhibits NF-κB. Methods A mouse model of LPS-induced memory loss used administration of BV (0.8 and 1.6 μg/kg/day, i.p.) to ICR mice for 7 days before injection of LPS (2.5 mg/kg/day, i.p.). Memory loss was assessed using a Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. For in vitro study, we treated BV (0.5, 1, and 2 μg/mL) to astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells with LPS (1 μg/mL). Results We found that BV inhibited LPS-induced memory loss determined by behavioral tests as well as cell death. BV also inhibited LPS-induced increases in the level of beta-amyloid (Aβ), β-and γ-secretases activities, NF-κB and its DNA-binding activity and expression of APP, and BACE1 and neuroinflammation proteins (COX-2, iNOS, GFAP and IBA-1) in the brain and cultured cells. In addition, pull-down assay and molecular modeling showed that BV binds to NF-κB. Conclusions BV attenuates LPS-induced amyloidogenesis, neuroinflammation, and therefore memory loss via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, BV could be useful for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Gu
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Ju Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sueb Song
- College of Oriental Medicine, Gachon University, San 65, Bokjeong-dong, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggii-do, 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ung Soo Lee
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, 368-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wan Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wan Ham
- Department of Chemistry, Utah Valley University, 800 W University Pkwy, Orem, UT, 84058, USA
| | - Min Jong Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-ro, Jung gu, Daejeon, 301-723, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea.
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Brain Food for Alzheimer-Free Ageing: Focus on Herbal Medicines. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 863:95-116. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18365-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Validation of cyclooxygenase-2 as a direct anti-inflammatory target of 4-O-methylhonokiol in zymosan-induced animal models. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:813-25. [PMID: 25074039 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
4-O-methylhonokiol (MH) is known to inhibit inflammation by partially understood mechanisms. Here, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of MH were examined using enzymatic, cellular, and animal assays. In enzymatic assays, MH inhibited COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 0.062 μM, and also COX-1 with an IC50 of 2.4 μM. In cellular assays, MH was immunotoxic above 10 μM. At non-toxic concentrations (below 3 μM), MH strongly inhibited COX-2-mediated prostaglandin production with an IC50 of 0.1 μM, whereas did not or slightly affect other functions of B cells, T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. In an animal model, MH inhibited the increase in footpad thickness and popliteal lymph node weight in zymosan-injected mice. When analyzed the draining pLNs of zymosan-injected mice on day 5, MH inhibited the overall inflammatory responses. However, MH inhibited cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-mediated prostaglandin production without affecting tumor necrosis factor-α production in inflamed tissues within 6 h after zymosan injection. In summary, our data suggest that COX-2 may be a direct anti-inflammatory target of MH in vitro and in vivo.
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Jung YY, Lee YJ, Choi DY, Hong JT. Amelioration of Cognitive Dysfunction in APP/PS1 Double Transgenic Mice by Long-Term Treatment of 4-O-Methylhonokiol. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 22:232-8. [PMID: 25009704 PMCID: PMC4060074 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease without known ways to cure. A key neuropathologic manifestation of the disease is extracellular deposition of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ). Specific mechanisms underlying the development of the disease have not yet been fully understood. In this study, we investigated effects of 4-O-methylhonokiol on memory dysfunction in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice. 4-O-methylhonokiol (1 mg/kg for 3 month) significantly reduced deficit in learning and memory of the transgenic mice, as determined by the Morris water maze test and step-through passive avoidance test. Our biochemical analysis suggested that 4-O-methylhonokiol ameliorated Aβ accumulation in the cortex and hippocampus via reduction in beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 expression. In addition, 4-O-methylhonokiol attenuated lipid peroxidation and elevated glutathione peroxidase activity in the double transgenic mice brains. Thus, suppressive effects of 4-O-methylhonokiol on Aβ generation and oxidative stress in the brains of transgenic mice may be responsible for the enhancement in cognitive function. These results suggest that the natural compound has potential to intervene memory deficit and progressive neurodegeneration in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yeon Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763
| | - Young-Jung Lee
- School of Equine industries, Cheju Halla University, Jeju 690-708
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763
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Song SY, Jung YY, Hwang CJ, Lee HP, Sok CH, Kim JH, Lee SM, Seo HO, Hyun BK, Choi DY, Han SB, Ham YW, Hwang BY, Hong JT. Inhibitory effect of ent-Sauchinone on amyloidogenesis via inhibition of STAT3-mediated NF-κB activation in cultured astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:118. [PMID: 24985096 PMCID: PMC4090659 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ent-Sauchinone is a polyphenolic compound found in plants belonging to the lignan family. ent-Sauchinone has been shown to modulate the expression of inflammatory factors through the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. It is well known that neuroinflammation is associated with amyloidogenesis. Thus, in the present study, we investigated whether ent-Sauchinone could have anti-amyloidogenic effects through the inhibition of NF-κB pathways via its anti-inflammatory property. Methods To investigate the potential effect of ent-Sauchinone on anti-neuroinflammation and anti-amyloidogenesis in in vitro studies, we used microglial BV-2 cells and cultured astrocytes treated with ent-Sauchinone (1, 5, and 10 μM) for 24 hours. For the detection of anti-neuro-inflammatory responses, reative oxygen species (ROS) and Nitric oxide (NO) generation and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression were measured with assay kits and western blotting. β-secretase and β-secretase activities and β-amyloid levels were determined for measuring the anti-amyloidogenic effects of ent-Sauchinone by enzyme assay kits. NF-κB and STAT3 signals were detected with electromobility shift assay (EMSA) to study the related signaling pathways. The binding of ent-Sauchinone to STAT3 was evaluated by a pull-down assay and by a docking model using Autodock VINA software (Hoover’s Inc., Texas, United states). Results ent-Sauchinone (1, 5, and 10 μM) effectively decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-(1 μg/ml) induced inflammatory responses through the reduction of ROS and NO generations and iNOS and COX-2 expressions in cultured astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells. ent-Sauchinone also inhibited LPS-induced amyloidogenesis through the inhibition of β-secretase and β-secretase activity. NF- κB amyloid and STAT3, critical transcriptional factors regulating not only inflammation but also amyloidogenesis, were also inhibited in a concentration dependent manner by ent-Sauchinone by blocking the phosphorylation of I κB and STAT3 in cultured astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells. The docking model approach showed that ent-Sauchinone binds to STAT3, and the employment of a STAT3 inhibitor and siRNA reversed ent-Sauchinone-induced inhibition NF-κB activation and Aβ generation. Conclusions These results indicated that ent-Sauchinone inhibited neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis through the inhibition of STAT3-mediated NF-κB activity, and thus could be applied in the treatment of neuro-inflammatory diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Young Song
- College of Pharmacy and MRC, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
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Fan Y, Zhang J, Cai L, Wang S, Liu C, Zhang Y, You L, Fu Y, Shi Z, Yin Z, Luo L, Chang Y, Duan X. The effect of anti-inflammatory properties of ferritin light chain on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in murine macrophages. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2775-83. [PMID: 24983770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin light chain (FTL) reduces the free iron concentration by forming ferritin complexes with ferritin heavy chain (FTH). Thus, FTL competes with the Fenton reaction by acting as an antioxidant. In the present study, we determined that FTL influences the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response. FTL protein expression was regulated by LPS stimulation in RAW264.7 cells. To investigate the role of FTL in LPS-activated murine macrophages, we established stable FTL-expressing cells and used shRNA to silence FTL expression in RAW264.7 cells. Overexpression of FTL significantly decreased the LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Additionally, overexpression of FTL decreased the LPS-induced increase of the intracellular labile iron pool (LIP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, FTL overexpression suppressed the LPS-induced activation of MAPKs and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In contrast, knockdown of FTL by shRNA showed the reverse effects. Therefore, our results indicate that FTL plays an anti-inflammatory role in response to LPS in murine macrophages and may have therapeutic potential for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Linlin Cai
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Caizhi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Yongze Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Linhao You
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Yujian Fu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Zhimin Yin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Yanzhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China.
| | - Xianglin Duan
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China.
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Lin C, Yon JM, Hong JT, Lee JK, Jeong J, Baek IJ, Lee BJ, Yun YW, Nam SY. 4-O-methylhonokiol inhibits serious embryo anomalies caused by nicotine via modulations of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 101:125-34. [PMID: 24692394 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the increasing smoking rate among women has resulted in higher rates of embryonic malformations, it is important to search for an efficient and inexpensive agent that can help reduce the rate of serious fetal anomalies caused by maternal cigarette smoking. In this study, the bioavailability of 4-O-methylhonokiol isolated from Magnolia officinalis was first demonstrated in the mouse embryos exposed to nicotine using a whole embryo culture system. METHODS Mouse embryos on embryonic day 8.5 were cultured with 1 mM nicotine and/or 4-O-methylhonokiol (1 × 10(-4) or 1 × 10(-3) μM) for 48 hr and were analyzed on the viewpoints of embryo developmental changes, oxidative damages, and apoptotic and inflammatory changes. RESULTS Embryos exposed to 1 mM nicotine developed not only severe morphological anomalies, increased expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and caspase 3 mRNAs; and elevated levels of lipid peroxidation, but also decreased levels of cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase, cytosolic glutathione peroxidase, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, hypoxia inducible factor-1α, and B-cell lymphoma-extra large mRNAs, and reduced superoxide dismutase activity. However, these parameters were significantly improved when embryos exposed to the nicotine were concurrently treated with 4-O-methylhonokiol (1 × 10(-4) or 1 × 10(-3) μM). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that 4-O-methylhonokiol reduces serious embryo anomalies caused by nicotine in mouse embryos via the modulations of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation, suggesting that 4-O-methylhonokiol may be a preventive and therapeutic agent against the dysmorphology induced by maternal smoking during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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Fadl NN, Ahmed HH, Booles HF, Sayed AH. Serrapeptase and nattokinase intervention for relieving Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology in rat model. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 32:721-35. [PMID: 23821590 DOI: 10.1177/0960327112467040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Serrapeptase (SP) and nattokinase (NK) are proteolytic enzymes belonging to serine proteases. In this study, we hypothesized that SP and NK could modulate certain factors that are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology in the experimental model. Oral administration of aluminium chloride (AlCl3) in a dose of 17 mg/kg body weight (bw) daily for 45 days induced AD-like pathology in male rats with a significant increase in brain acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), Fas and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Meanwhile, AlCl3 supplementation produced significant decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) when compared with control values. Also, AlCl3 administration caused significant decline in the expression levels of disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 9 (ADAM9) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) genes in the brain. Histological investigation of brain tissue of rat model of AD showed neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus and focal hyalinosis with cellular as well as a cellular amyloid plaques formation. Oral administration of SP or NK in a rat model of AD daily for 45 days resulted in a significant decrease in brain AchE activity, TGF-β, Fas and IL-6 levels. Also, the treatment with these enzymes produced significant increase in BDNF and IGF-1 levels when compared with the untreated AD-induced rats. Moreover, both SP and NK could markedly increase the expression levels of ADAM9 and ADAM10 genes in the brain tissue of the treated rats. These findings were well confirmed by the histological examination of the brain tissue of the treated rats. The present results support our hypothesis that the oral administration of proteolytitc enzymes, SP and/or NK, would have an effective role in modulating certain factors characterizing AD. Thus, these enzymes may have a therapeutic application in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Fadl
- Medical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Lee YJ, Choi DY, Han SB, Kim YH, Kim KH, Seong YH, Oh KW, Hong JT. A Comparison between Extract Products of Magnolia officinalis on Memory Impairment and Amyloidogenesis in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 20:332-9. [PMID: 24130932 PMCID: PMC3794532 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.3.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The components of Magnolia officinalis have well known to act anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective activities. These efficacies have been sold many products as nutritional supplement extracted from bark of Magnolia officinalis. Thus, to assess and compare neuroprotective effect in the nutritional supplement (Magnolia ExtractTM, Health Freedom Nutrition LLC, USA) and our ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis (BioLand LTD, Korea), we investigated memorial improving and anti-Alzheimer’s disease effects of extract products of Magnolia officinalis in a transgenic AD mice model. Oral pretreatment of two extract products of Magnolia officinalis (10 mg/kg/day in 0.05% ethanol) into drinking water for 3 months ameliorated memorial dysfunction and prevented Aβ accumulation in the brain of Tg2576 mice. In addition, extract products of Magnolia officinalis also decreased expression of β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its product, C99. Although both two extract products of Magnolia officinalis could show preventive effect of memorial dysfunction and Aβ accumulation, our ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis (BioLand LTD, Korea) could be more effective than Magnolia ExtractTM (Health Freedom Nutrition LLC, USA). Therefore, our results showed that extract products of Magnolia officinalis were effective for prevention and treatment of AD through memorial improving and anti-amyloidogenic effects via down-regulating β-secretase activity, and neuroprotective efficacy of Magnolia extracts could be differed by cultivating area and manufacturing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center ; CBITRC ; Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763
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Inhibitory effect of a 2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal diacetate on neuro-inflammatory reactions via inhibition of STAT1 and STAT3 activation in cultured astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells. Neuropharmacology 2013; 79:476-87. [PMID: 23891616 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2,4-Bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal (Butenal), a tyrosine-fructose Maillard reaction product has been demonstrated as an effective compound for prevention of neuroinflammatory diseases. However, this compound was vulnerable to environmental factors. Our research has been continuously made to improve druggability of Butenal and identified 2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)but-2-enal diacetate (HPBD) as an alternative. Herein, to investigate potential anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic effects of HPBD, we treated HPBD (0.5, 1, and 2 μg/ml) on the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (1 μg/ml) stimulated astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cell. HPBD inhibited LPS-induced NO and ROS production, and LPS-elevated expression of iNOS, COX2, β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), C99, and Aβ1-42 levels as well as attenuation of β-secretase activities. The activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription1 (STAT1), and STAT3 was concomitantly inhibited by HPBD. Moreover, siRNA targeting STAT3 abolished HPBD-induced inhibitory effects on neuro-inflammation and amyloidogenesis. In addition, pull down assay and docking model showed interaction of HPBD with STAT3. These findings suggest that HPBD may be useful and potentially therapeutic choices for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Yu HE, Oh SJ, Ryu JK, Kang JS, Hong JT, Jung JK, Han SB, Seo SY, Kim YH, Park SK, Kim HM, Lee K. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 4-O-methylhonokiol in rats. Phytother Res 2013; 28:568-78. [PMID: 23824979 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 4-O-methylhonokiol in rats. The absorption and disposition of 4-O-methylhonokiol were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats following a single intravenous (2 mg/kg) or oral (10 mg/kg) dose. Its metabolism was studied in vitro using rat liver microsomes and cytosol. 4-O-Methylhonokiol exhibited a high systemic plasma clearance and a large volume of distribution. The oral dose gave a peak plasma concentration of 24.1±3.3 ng/mL at 2.9±1.9 h and a low estimated bioavailability. 4-O-Methylhonokiol was rapidly metabolized and converted at least in part to honokiol in a concentration-dependent manner by cytochrome P450 in rat liver microsomes, predicting a high systemic clearance consistent with the pharmacokinetic results. It was also shown to be metabolized by glucuronidation and sulfation in rat liver microsomes and cytosol, respectively. 4-O-Methylhonokiol showed a moderate permeability with no apparent vectorial transport across Caco-2 cells, suggesting that intestinal permeation process is not likely to limit its oral absorption. Taken together, these results suggest that the rapid hepatic metabolism of 4-O-methylhonokiol could be the major reason for its high systemic clearance and low oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Eun Yu
- Bio-Evaluation Center, KRIBB, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Dayem SMAE, Ahmed HH, Metwally F, Foda FMA, Shalby AB, Zaazaa AM. Alpha-chymotrypcin ameliorates neuroinflammation and apoptosis characterizing Alzheimer's disease-induced in ovarictomized rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:477-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Jin P, Choi DY, Hong JT. Inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity improves cognitive function in Tg2576 mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 39:852-7. [PMID: 23013130 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2012.12000.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
1. Deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide is a defining pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is involved in memory impairment. Evidence suggests that activation of an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is related to Aβ accumulation. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of an ERK inhibitor (U0126) on amyloidogenesis and cognitive function in Tg2576 mice. 2. Tg2576 mice were injected with U0126 (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (1% dimethyl sulphoxide in sterile saline) once a day for 7 days and then cognitive function was assessed by the Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. In addition, immunostaining, western blot analysis, ELISA and enzyme activity assays were used to examine the degree of Aβ deposition in the brains of Tg2576 mice. 3. Our results showed that U0126 attenuated memory impairment and inhibited Aβ deposition in the brains of Tg2576 mice. Further experiments revealed that the inhibition of Aβ deposition by U0126 was due to a reduction in β-secretase and amyloid precursor protein expression in the brains of U0126-treated Tg2576 mice. 4. These results suggest that the ERK pathway is associated with Aβ accumulation and consequent memory dysfunction in Tg2576 mice and that inhibition of the ERK pathway may be an appropriate intervention in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Gertsch J, Anavi-Goffer S. Methylhonokiol attenuates neuroinflammation: a role for cannabinoid receptors? J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:135. [PMID: 22716035 PMCID: PMC3419612 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid type-2 G protein-coupled (CB2) receptor is an emerging therapeutic target for pain management and immune system modulation. In a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) the orally administered natural product 4′-O-methylhonokiol (MH) has been shown to prevent amyloidogenesis and progression of AD by inhibiting neuroinflammation. In this commentary we discuss an intriguing link between the recently found CB2 receptor-mediated molecular mechanisms of MH and its anti-inflammatory and protective effects in AD animal models. We argue that the novel cannabimimetic MH may exert its beneficial effects via modulation of CB2 receptors expressed in microglial cells and astrocytes. The recent findings provide further evidence for a potential role of CB2 receptors in the pathophysiology of AD, spurring target validation and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Centre of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland.
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Lee YJ, Choi DY, Yun YP, Han SB, Kim HM, Lee K, Choi SH, Yang MP, Jeon HS, Jeong JH, Oh KW, Hong JT. Ethanol Extract of Magnolia officinalis
Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Memory Deficiency via Its Antineuroinflammatory and Antiamyloidogenic Effects. Phytother Res 2012; 27:438-47. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jung Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
- Medical Research Center; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
- CBITRC; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
- Medical Research Center; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
- CBITRC; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
| | - Yeo-Pyo Yun
- College of Pharmacy; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
- Medical Research Center; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
- CBITRC; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
- Medical Research Center; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
- CBITRC; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
| | - Hwan Mook Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Gachon University of Medicine and Science; Incheon 406-799 Korea
| | - Kiho Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Korea University; Jochiwon Chungnam 339-700 Korea
| | - Seok Hwa Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
| | - Mhan-Pyo Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Jeon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine; Konkuk University, Chungju Hospital; Chungju Korea
| | - Jea-Hwang Jeong
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedicine; Chungbuk Provincial College; Okcheongun Chungbuk 373-807 Korea
| | - Ki-Wan Oh
- College of Pharmacy; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
- Medical Research Center; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
- CBITRC; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
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Lee YJ, Choi DY, Han SB, Kim YH, Kim KH, Hwang BY, Kang JK, Lee BJ, Oh KW, Hong JT. Inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis on memory impairment and amyloidogenesis in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via regulating β-secretase activity. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1884-92. [PMID: 22431473 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is characterized by deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain. The components of the herb Magnolia officinalis are known to have antiinflammatory, antioxidative and neuroprotective activities. In this study we investigated the effects of ethanol extract of M. officinalis on memory dysfunction and amyloidogenesis in a transgenic mouse model of AD. Oral pretreatment of ethanol extract of M. officinalis (10 mg/kg in 0.05% ethanol) into drinking water for 3 months inhibited memory impairment and Aβ deposition in the brain of Tg2576 mice. Ethanol extract of M. officinalis also decreased activity of β-secretase, cleaving Aβ from amyloid precursor protein (APP), and expression of β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), APP and its product, C99. Our results showed that ethanol extract of M. officinalis effectively prevented memory impairment via down-regulating β-secretase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763, Korea
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Lee YJ, Choi DY, Choi IS, Kim KH, Kim YH, Kim HM, Lee K, Cho WG, Jung JK, Han SB, Han JY, Nam SY, Yun YW, Jeong JH, Oh KW, Hong JT. Inhibitory effect of 4-O-methylhonokiol on lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation, amyloidogenesis and memory impairment via inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB in vitro and in vivo models. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:35. [PMID: 22339795 PMCID: PMC3323460 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation is important in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer disease (AD). Previously, we demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation caused memory impairments. In the present study, we investigated the possible preventive effects of 4-O-methylhonokiol, a constituent of Magnolia officinalis, on memory deficiency caused by LPS, along with the underlying mechanisms. Methods We investigated whether 4-O-methylhonokiol (0.5 and 1 mg/kg in 0.05% ethanol) prevents memory dysfunction and amyloidogenesis on AD model mice by intraperitoneal LPS (250 μg/kg daily 7 times) injection. In addition, LPS-treated cultured astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells were investigated for anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic effect of 4-O-methylhonkiol (0.5, 1 and 2 μM). Results Oral administration of 4-O-methylhonokiol ameliorated LPS-induced memory impairment in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, 4-O-methylhonokiol prevented the LPS-induced expression of inflammatory proteins; inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as well as activation of astrocytes (expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein; GFAP) in the brain. In in vitro study, we also found that 4-O-methylhonokiol suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2 as well as the production of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β in the LPS-stimulated cultured astrocytes. 4-O-methylhonokiol also inhibited transcriptional and DNA binding activity of NF-κB via inhibition of IκB degradation as well as p50 and p65 translocation into nucleus of the brain and cultured astrocytes. Consistent with the inhibitory effect on neuroinflammation, 4-O-methylhonokiol inhibited LPS-induced Aβ1-42 generation, β- and γ-secretase activities, and expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), BACE1 and C99 as well as activation of astrocytes and neuronal cell death in the brain, in cultured astrocytes and in microglial BV-2 cells. Conclusion These results suggest that 4-O-methylhonokiol inhibits LPS-induced amyloidogenesis via anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Thus, 4-O-methylhonokiol can be a useful agent against neuroinflammation-associated development or the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 12, Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea
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Choi DY, Lee YJ, Hong JT, Lee HJ. Antioxidant properties of natural polyphenols and their therapeutic potentials for Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Bull 2011; 87:144-53. [PMID: 22155297 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and most common cause of dementia. However, there is no known way to halt or cure the neurodegenerative disease. Oxidative stress is a cardinal hallmark of the disease and has been considered as therapeutic target for AD treatment. Several factors may contribute to oxidative stress in AD brains. First, mitochondrion is a key player that produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial dysfunction found in AD patients may exaggerate generation of ROS and oxidative stress. Second, amyloid-beta peptide generates ROS in the presence of metal ions such as Fe(2+) and Cu(2+). Third, activated glial cells in AD brains may produce excessive amount of superoxide and nitric oxide through NADPH oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase, respectively. Increased ROS can cause damage to protein, lipid and nucleic acids. Numerous studies demonstrated that natural polyphenolic compounds protect against various neurotoxic insults in vitro and in vivo AD models. In these studies, dietary polyphenolic compounds exhibit neuroprotective effects through scavenging free radicals and increasing antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, they could facilitate the endogenous antioxidant system by stimulating transcription. Some epidemiological and clinical studies highlighted their therapeutic potential for AD treatment. In this review, we will briefly discuss causes of oxidative stress in AD brains, and describe antioxidant neuroprotective effects and therapeutic potential for AD of selected natural polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
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Lee YJ, Choi DY, Choi IS, Han JY, Jeong HS, Han SB, Oh KW, Hong JT. Inhibitory effect of a tyrosine-fructose Maillard reaction product, 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal on amyloid-β generation and inflammatory reactions via inhibition of NF-κB and STAT3 activation in cultured astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells. J Neuroinflammation 2011; 8:132. [PMID: 21982455 PMCID: PMC3207974 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloidogenesis is linked to neuroinflammation. The tyrosine-fructose Maillard reaction product, 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal, possesses anti-inflammatory properties in cultured macrophages, and in an arthritis animal model. Because astrocytes and microglia are responsible for amyloidogenesis and inflammatory reactions in the brain, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic effects of 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells. METHODS Cultured astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells were treated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 24 h, in the presence (1, 2, 5 μM) or absence of 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal, and harvested. We performed molecular biological analyses to determine the levels of inflammatory and amyloid-related proteins and molecules, cytokines, Aβ, and secretases activity. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) DNA binding activity was determined using gel mobility shift assays. RESULTS We found that 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal (1, 2, 5 μM) suppresses the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as well as the production of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in LPS (1 μg/ml)-stimulated astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells. Further, 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal inhibited the transcriptional and DNA binding activity of NF-κB--a transcription factor that regulates genes involved in neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis via inhibition of IκB degradation as well as nuclear translocation of p50 and p65. Consistent with the inhibitory effect on inflammatory reactions, 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal inhibited LPS-elevated Aβ42 levels through attenuation of β- and γ-secretase activities. Moreover, studies using signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) siRNA and a pharmacological inhibitor showed that 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal inhibits LPS-induced activation of STAT3. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal inhibits neuroinflammatory reactions and amyloidogenesis through inhibition of NF-κB and STAT3 activation, and suggest that 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal may be useful for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases like Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea
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