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Xu H, Piekarz KM, Brown JL, Bhaskaran S, Smith N, Towner RA, Van Remmen H. Neuroprotective treatment with the nitrone compound OKN-007 mitigates age-related muscle weakness in aging mice. GeroScience 2024; 46:4263-4273. [PMID: 38512579 PMCID: PMC11336152 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the universal impact of sarcopenia on compromised health and quality of life in the elderly, promising pharmaceutical approaches that can effectively mitigate loss of muscle and function during aging have been limited. Our group and others have reported impairments in peripheral motor neurons and loss of muscle innervation as initiating factors in sarcopenia, contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated oxidative stress in muscle. We recently reported a reduction in α motor neuron loss in aging mice in response to the compound OKN-007, a proposed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. In the current study, we asked whether OKN-007 treatment in wildtype male mice for 8-9 months beginning at 16 months of age can also protect muscle mass and function. At 25 months of age, we observed a reduction in the loss of whole-body lean mass, a reduced loss of innervation at the neuromuscular junction and well-preserved neuromuscular junction morphology in OKN-007 treated mice versus age matched wildtype untreated mice. The loss in muscle force generation in aging mice (~ 25%) is significantly improved with OKN-007 treatment. In contrast, OKN-007 treatment provided no protection in loss of muscle mass in aging mice. Mitochondrial function was improved by OKN-007 treatment, consistent with its potential antioxidative properties. Together, these exciting findings are the first to demonstrate that interventions through neuroprotection can be an effective therapy to counter aging-related muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Xu
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Katarzyna M Piekarz
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jacob L Brown
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Shylesh Bhaskaran
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rheal A Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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2
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Xing J, Tang HY, Chen JL, Huang Z, Liang JJ, Quan YS, Mao JG. Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Nitrones Via Redox Cross-Coupling of Nitro Compounds and Alcohols. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9841-9852. [PMID: 38917372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
A novel methodology for the synthesis of nitrones via palladium-catalyzed redox cross-coupling of nitro compounds and alcohols is established. The protocol is a mild, convenient, ligand-free, and scalable synthesis method that can be compatible with various nitro compounds and alcohols. Nitrone is a significant multifunctional platform synthon which can be synthesized directly and efficiently via this tactic from commercially available and cheap raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Crystalline Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Crystalline Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Lin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Crystalline Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Crystalline Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Crystalline Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Sheng Quan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Crystalline Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Gang Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Crystalline Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
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3
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Marco-Contelles J. α-Phenyl- N-tert-Butylnitrone and Analogous α-Aryl- N-alkylnitrones as Neuroprotective Antioxidant Agents for Stroke. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:440. [PMID: 38671888 PMCID: PMC11047398 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent advances in research on the use of the antioxidant and neuroprotective agent α-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) for the therapy of stroke have been reviewed. The protective effect of PBN in the transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) has been demonstrated, although there have been significant differences in the neuronal salvaging effect between PBN-treated and untreated animals, each set of data having quite large inter-experimental variation. In the transient forebrain ischemia model of gerbil, PBN reduces the mortality after ischemia and the neuronal damage in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) area of the hippocumpus caused by ischemia. However, PBN fails to prevent postischemic CA1 damage in the rat. As for focal cerebral ischemia, PBN significantly reduces cerebral infarction and decreases neurological deficit after ischemia using a rat model of persistent MCAO in rats. Similarly, the antioxidant and neuroprotective capacity of a number of PBN-derived nitrones prepared in the author's laboratory have also been summarized here, showing their high potential therapeutic power to treat stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Center for Biomedical Network Research (CIBER), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), 46010 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Bukhari SNA, Yogesh R. An Overview of Tetramethylpyrazine (Ligustrazine) and its Derivatives as
Potent Anti-Alzheimer’s Disease Agents. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220405232333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), or ligustrazine, is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herb
Ligusticum wallichii. It is known for its broad-spectrum medicinal properties against several diseases, and
various studies have shown that it can modulate diverse biological targets and signaling pathways to produce
neuroprotective effects, especially against Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This has attracted significant
research attention evaluating TMP as a potent multitarget anti-AD agent. This review compiles the results
of studies assessing the neuroprotective mechanisms exerted by TMP as well as its derivatives prepared
using a multi-target-directed ligand strategy to explore its multitarget modulating properties. The present
review also highlights the work done on the design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and mechanisms
of some potent TMP derivatives that have shown promising anti-AD activities. These derivatives
were designed, synthesized, and evaluated to develop anti-AD molecules with enhanced biological and
pharmacokinetic activities compared to TMP. This review article paves the way for the exploration and
development of TMP and TMP derivatives as an effective treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruchika Yogesh
- 22 A3, DS Tower 1, Sukhumvit Soi 33, Khlong Tan Nuea, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
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5
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Yin X, Deng W, Xiang J. Copper/Iodine‐Catalyzed Hydroxyamination of Alkenyl Keto Oximes Using DMSO as the Oxygen Atom Source and Medium. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Yin
- Hunan University Hunan University Hospital CHINA
| | - Wei Deng
- Hunan University College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jiannan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, 410082, P.R. of China State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, 410082, P.R. of China Lu shan southern road 410082 Changsha CHINA
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Ashok A, Andrabi SS, Mansoor S, Kuang Y, Kwon BK, Labhasetwar V. Antioxidant Therapy in Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role of Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Clinical Translation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020408. [PMID: 35204290 PMCID: PMC8869281 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Free radicals are formed as a part of normal metabolic activities but are neutralized by the endogenous antioxidants present in cells/tissue, thus maintaining the redox balance. This redox balance is disrupted in certain neuropathophysiological conditions, causing oxidative stress, which is implicated in several progressive neurodegenerative diseases. Following neuronal injury, secondary injury progression is also caused by excessive production of free radicals. Highly reactive free radicals, mainly the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), damage the cell membrane, proteins, and DNA, which triggers a self-propagating inflammatory cascade of degenerative events. Dysfunctional mitochondria under oxidative stress conditions are considered a key mediator in progressive neurodegeneration. Exogenous delivery of antioxidants holds promise to alleviate oxidative stress to regain the redox balance. In this regard, natural and synthetic antioxidants have been evaluated. Despite promising results in preclinical studies, clinical translation of antioxidants as a therapy to treat neurodegenerative diseases remains elusive. The issues could be their low bioavailability, instability, limited transport to the target tissue, and/or poor antioxidant capacity, requiring repeated and high dosing, which cannot be administered to humans because of dose-limiting toxicity. Our laboratory is investigating nanoparticle-mediated delivery of antioxidant enzymes to address some of the above issues. Apart from being endogenous, the main advantage of antioxidant enzymes is their catalytic mechanism of action; hence, they are significantly more effective at lower doses in detoxifying the deleterious effects of free radicals than nonenzymatic antioxidants. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of antioxidant therapy, challenges in their clinical translation, and the role nanoparticles/drug delivery systems could play in addressing these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushruti Ashok
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Syed Suhail Andrabi
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Saffar Mansoor
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Youzhi Kuang
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Brian K. Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada;
| | - Vinod Labhasetwar
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Xing L, Wang B, Li J, Guo X, Lu X, Chen X, Sun H, Sun Z, Luo X, Qi S, Qian X, Yang Y. A Fluorogenic ONOO --Triggered Carbon Monoxide Donor for Mitigating Brain Ischemic Damage. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2114-2119. [PMID: 35080381 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injuries are from the secondary radicals of ONOO-. Direct radical scavenging is difficult because of their high reactivity. ONOO- is longer-lived than the radicals in the biological milieu. Scavenging ONOO- suppresses radical generation preventively. CO is neuroprotective during ischemia. With the scaffold of carbon-caged xanthene, we designed an OONO--triggered CO donor (PCOD585). Notably, PCOD585 exhibited a concomitant fluorescence turn-on upon ONOO-detection, facilitating microscopic monitoring. PCOD585 was cytoprotective in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-insulted PC-12 cells. It was permeable to the blood-brain barrier and further exhibited neuroprotective effects to MCAO rats by reducing infarction volume, cell apoptosis, and brain edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou 221004, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaihai West Road 99, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinjian Guo
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xicun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhenrong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Suhua Qi
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou 221004, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaihai West Road 99, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Youjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
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8
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Piekarz KM, Georgescu C, Wren JD, Towner RA, Van Remmen H. Pharmacologic treatment with OKN-007 reduces alpha-motor neuron loss in spinal cord of aging mice. GeroScience 2022; 44:67-81. [PMID: 34984634 PMCID: PMC8811061 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00506-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with molecular and functional declines in multiple physiologic systems. We have previously reported age-related changes in spinal cord that included a decline in α-motor neuron numbers, axonal loss, and demyelination associated with increased inflammation and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) permeability. These changes may influence other pathologies associated with aging, in particular loss of muscle mass and function (sarcopenia), which we and others have shown is accompanied by neuromuscular junction disruption and loss of innervation. Interventions to protect and maintain motor neuron viability and function in aging are currently lacking and could have a significant impact on improving healthspan. Here we tested a promising compound, OKN-007, that has known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, as a potential intervention in age-related changes in the spinal cord. OKN-007 is a low molecular weight disulfonyl derivative of (N-tert Butyl-α-phenylnitrone) (PBN) that can easily cross the blood-brain barrier. We treated middle age (16 month) wild-type male mice with OKN-007 in drinking water at a dose of 150 mg/kg/day until 25 months of age. OKN-007 treatment exerted a number of beneficial effects in the aging spinal cord, including a 35% increase in the number of lumbar α-motor neurons in OKN-treated old mice compared to age-matched controls. Brain spinal cord barrier permeability, which is increased in aging spinal cord, was also blunted by OKN-007 treatment. Age-related changes in microglia proliferation and activation are blunted by OKN-007, while we found no effect on astrocyte proliferation. Transcriptome analysis identified expression changes in a number of genes that are involved in neuronal structure and function and revealed a subset of genes whose changes in response to aging are reversed by OKN-007 treatment. Overall, our findings suggest that OKN-007 exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects on the aging spinal cord and support OKN-007 as a potential therapeutic to improve α-motor neuron health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M. Piekarz
- grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618OU Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA ,grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Constantin Georgescu
- grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Jonathan D. Wren
- grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618OU Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA ,grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Rheal A. Towner
- grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618OU Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA ,grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618OU Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA ,grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA ,grid.413864.c0000 0004 0420 2582Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA ,grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
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9
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Synthesis and evaluation of cyclic nitrone derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02729-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Chen H, Yan C, Cao J, Liu Z, Sun Y, Wang Y. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Tetramethylpyrazine- nitrone Derivatives as Antioxidants. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999201117145311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy are the two main therapeutic
strategies for ischemic stroke in clinic. However, reperfusion injury causes oxidative stress leading
to overproduction of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent cell death.
Methods:
We designed and synthesized two tetramethylpyrazine-nitrone derivatives (T-003 and T-
005) and investigated their abilities for scavenging free radicals and protective effects as well as
neurite outgrowth promotion in vitro.
Results:
Both of them showed potent radical-scavenging activity and neuroprotective effects
against iodoacetic acid-induced cell injury. Furthermore, T-003 and T-005 significantly promoted
neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells.
Conclusion:
Our results suggest that compound T-003 and T-005 could be potent antioxidants for
the treatment of neurological disease, particularly ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou,China
| | - Chunyan Yan
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou,China
| | - Jie Cao
- Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou,China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Foshan Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan,China
| | - Yewei Sun
- Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou,China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou,China
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11
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Macedo CM, Saraiva FMDS, Paula JIO, Nascimento SDB, Costa DDSDS, Costa PRR, Dias AG, Paes MC, Nogueira NP. The Potent Trypanocidal Effect of LQB303, a Novel Redox-Active Phenyl-Tert-Butyl-Nitrone Derivate That Causes Mitochondrial Collapse in Trypanosoma cruzi. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:617504. [PMID: 33935988 PMCID: PMC8081855 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.617504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, which is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, establishes lifelong infections in humans and other mammals that lead to severe cardiac and gastrointestinal complications despite the competent immune response of the hosts. Furthermore, it is a neglected disease that affects 8 million people worldwide. The scenario is even more frustrating since the main chemotherapy is based on benznidazole, a drug that presents severe side effects and low efficacy in the chronic phase of the disease. Thus, the search for new therapeutic alternatives is urgent. In the present study, we investigated the activity of a novel phenyl-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN) derivate, LQB303, against T. cruzi. LQB303 presented trypanocidal effect against intracellular [IC50/48 h = 2.6 μM] and extracellular amastigotes [IC50/24 h = 3.3 μM] in vitro, leading to parasite lysis; however, it does not present any toxicity to host cells. Despite emerging evidence that mitochondrial metabolism is essential for amastigotes to grow inside mammalian cells, the mechanism of redox-active molecules that target T. cruzi mitochondrion is still poorly explored. Therefore, we investigated if LQB303 trypanocidal activity was related to the impairment of the mitochondrial function of amastigotes. The investigation showed there was a significant decrease compared to the baseline oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of LQB303-treated extracellular amastigotes of T. cruzi, as well as reduction of “proton leak” (the depletion of proton motive force by the inhibition of F1Fo ATP synthase) and “ETS” (maximal oxygen consumption after uncoupling) oxygen consumption rates. Interestingly, the residual respiration (“ROX”) enhanced about three times in LQB303-treated amastigotes. The spare respiratory capacity ratio (SRC: cell ability to meet new energy demands) and the ATP-linked OCR were also impaired by LQB303 treatment, correlating the trypanocidal activity of LQB303 with the impairment of mitochondrial redox metabolism of amastigotes. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated a significant reduction of the ΔΨm of treated amastigotes. LQB303 had no significant influence on the OCR of treated mammalian cells, evidencing its specificity against T. cruzi mitochondrial metabolism. Our results suggest a promising trypanocidal activity of LQB303, associated with parasite bioenergetic inefficiency, with no influence on the host energy metabolism, a fact that may point to an attractive alternative therapy for Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Machado Macedo
- Laboratório de Interação de Tripanossomatídeos e Vetores, Departamento de Bioquímica, IBRAG - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francis Monique de Souza Saraiva
- Laboratório de Interação de Tripanossomatídeos e Vetores, Departamento de Bioquímica, IBRAG - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Isis Oliveira Paula
- Laboratório de Interação de Tripanossomatídeos e Vetores, Departamento de Bioquímica, IBRAG - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suelen de Brito Nascimento
- Laboratório de Interação de Tripanossomatídeos e Vetores, Departamento de Bioquímica, IBRAG - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Hematologia, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ayres Guimarães Dias
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Cristina Paes
- Laboratório de Interação de Tripanossomatídeos e Vetores, Departamento de Bioquímica, IBRAG - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natália Pereira Nogueira
- Laboratório de Interação de Tripanossomatídeos e Vetores, Departamento de Bioquímica, IBRAG - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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12
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Smith N, Saunders D, Jensen RL, Towner RA. Association of decreased levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein with OKN-007-induced regression of tumor growth in an F98 rat glioma model. J Neurosurg 2020; 133:1695-1703. [PMID: 31628293 DOI: 10.3171/2019.7.jns182435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-grade gliomas, such as glioblastoma (GBM), are devastating tumors with a very poor prognosis. Previously the authors have found that the nitrone compound OKN-007 (OKlahoma Nitrone 007; or disodium 4-[(tert-butyl-imino) methyl] benzene-1,3-disulfonate N-oxide) is effective against high-grade gliomas in various GBM rodent and human xenograft models. The purpose of the present study was to assess the levels of the lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) in rodent gliomas treated with OKN-007 as well as determine the expression of LBP in human gliomas. METHODS Microarray analysis was done to assess altered gene expression following OKN-007 administration in an F98 glioma model. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was incorporated to assess LBP levels in glioma tissues, as well as blood serum, comparing results in OKN-007-treated and untreated tumor-bearing animals. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess LBP levels in varying grades of human glioma tissue sections. RESULTS Upon further assessment of gene expression fold changes in F98 gliomas in rats that received or did not receive OKN-007, it was found that the gene for LBP was significantly downregulated by OKN-007. Further investigation was done to see whether levels of LBP were affected by OKN-007 treatment in F98 gliomas. It was found that LBP could be detected not only in glioma tissue but also in blood serum of F98 glioma-bearing rats and that OKN-007 decreased the levels of LBP. It was also found that LBP levels are highly expressed in human high-grade glioma tissues. CONCLUSIONS LBP could potentially be used as a serum diagnostic marker of treatment response in high-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Smith
- 1Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and
| | - Debra Saunders
- 1Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and
| | - Randy L Jensen
- 2Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Rheal A Towner
- 1Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and
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13
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Hwang JS, Cha EH, Park B, Ha E, Seo JH. PBN inhibits a detrimental effect of methamphetamine on brain endothelial cells by alleviating the generation of reactive oxygen species. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:1347-1355. [PMID: 33200316 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a powerful psychostimulant that is causing serious health problems worldwide owing to imprudent abuses. Recent studies have suggested that METH has deleterious effects on the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A few studies have also been conducted on the mechanisms whereby METH-induced oxidative stress causes BBB dysfunction. We investigated whether N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) has protective effects on BBB function against METH exposure in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). We found that METH significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HBMECs. Pretreatment with PBN decreased METH-induced ROS production. With regard to BBB functional integrity, METH exposure elevated the paracellular permeability and reduced the monolayer integrity; PBN treatment reversed these effects. An analysis of the BBB structural properties, by immunostaining junction proteins and cytoskeleton in HBMECs, indicated that METH treatment changed the cellular localization of the tight (ZO-1) and adherens junctions (VE-cadherin) from the membrane to cytoplasm. Furthermore, METH induced cytoskeletal reorganization via the formation of robust stress fibers. METH-induced junctional protein redistribution and cytoskeletal reorganization were attenuated by PBN treatment. Our results suggest that PBN can act as a therapeutic reagent for METH-induced BBB dysfunction by inhibiting excess ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Su Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Cha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungduck Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Homo-Tris-Nitrones Derived from α-Phenyl- N-tert-butylnitrone: Synthesis, Neuroprotection and Antioxidant Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217949. [PMID: 33114714 PMCID: PMC7663103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis, antioxidant and neuroprotective power of homo-tris-nitrones (HTN) 1-3, designed on the hypothesis that the incorporation of a third nitrone motif into our previously identified homo-bis-nitrone 6 (HBN6) would result in an improved and stronger neuroprotection. The neuroprotection of HTNs 1-3, measured against oligomycin A/rotenone, showed that HTN2 was the best neuroprotective agent at a lower dose (EC50 = 51.63 ± 4.32 μM), being similar in EC50 and maximal activity to α-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) and less potent than any of HBNs 4-6. The results of neuroprotection in an in vitro oxygen glucose deprivation model showed that HTN2 was the most powerful (EC50 = 87.57 ± 3.87 μM), at lower dose, but 50-fold higher than its analogous HBN5, and ≈1.7-fold less potent than PBN. HTN3 had a very good antinecrotic (IC50 = 3.47 ± 0.57 μM), antiapoptotic, and antioxidant (EC50 = 6.77 ± 1.35 μM) profile, very similar to that of its analogous HBN6. In spite of these results, and still being attractive neuroprotective agents, HTNs 2 and 3 do not have better neuroprotective properties than HBN6, but clearly exceed that of PBN.
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15
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Soulieman A, Ibrahim R, Barakat Z, Gouault N, Roisnel T, Boustie J, Grée R, Hachem A. Synthesis of Novel Cyclic Nitrones with
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‐Difluoroalkyl Side Chains Through Cascade Reactions. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Soulieman
- Faculty of Sciences (I) Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, and PRASE‐EDST Lebanese University Hadath Lebanon
- CNRS (Institut for Chemical Sciences in Rennes), UMR 6226 Univ Rennes 35000 Rennes France
| | - Rima Ibrahim
- Faculty of Sciences (I) Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, and PRASE‐EDST Lebanese University Hadath Lebanon
| | - Zeinab Barakat
- Faculty of Sciences (I) Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, and PRASE‐EDST Lebanese University Hadath Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Gouault
- CNRS (Institut for Chemical Sciences in Rennes), UMR 6226 Univ Rennes 35000 Rennes France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- CNRS (Institut for Chemical Sciences in Rennes), UMR 6226 Univ Rennes 35000 Rennes France
| | - Joel Boustie
- CNRS (Institut for Chemical Sciences in Rennes), UMR 6226 Univ Rennes 35000 Rennes France
| | - René Grée
- CNRS (Institut for Chemical Sciences in Rennes), UMR 6226 Univ Rennes 35000 Rennes France
| | - Ali Hachem
- Faculty of Sciences (I) Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, and PRASE‐EDST Lebanese University Hadath Lebanon
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16
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Abstract
The recent advances of tetramethylpyrazine nitrones and quinolylnitrones for the treatment of stroke have been reviewed and compared with other agents, showing promising therapeutic applications. As a result of a functional transformation of natural product ligustrazine, (Z)-N-tert-butyl-1-(3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanimine oxide (6) is a multitarget small nitrone showing potent thrombolytic activity and free radicals scavenging power, in addition to nontoxicity and blood-brain barrier permeability. Similarly, antioxidant (Z)-N-tert-butyl-1-(2-chloro-6-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)methanimine oxide (17) is a novel agent for cerebral ischemia therapy as it is able to scavenge different types of free radical species, showing strong neuroprotection and reduced infarct size.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC; Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Deletraz A, Zéamari K, Hua K, Combes M, Villamena FA, Tuccio B, Callizot N, Durand G. Substituted α-Phenyl and α-Naphthlyl- N- tert-butyl Nitrones: Synthesis, Spin-Trapping, and Neuroprotection Evaluation. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6073-6085. [PMID: 32267700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
New derivatives of α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) bearing a hydroxyl, an acetate, or an acetamide substituent on the N-tert-butyl moiety and para-substituted phenyl or naphthlyl moieties were synthesized. Their ability to trap hydroxymethyl radical was evaluated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The presence of two electron-withdrawing substituents on both sides of the nitronyl function improves the spin-trapping properties, with 4-HOOC-PBN-CH2OAc and 4-HOOC-PBN-CH2NHAc being ∼4× more reactive than PBN. The electrochemical properties of the derivatives were further investigated by cyclic voltammetry and showed that the redox potentials of the nitrones are largely influenced by the nature of the substituents both on the aromatic ring and on the N-tert-butyl function. The acetamide derivatives PBN-CH2NHAc, 4-AcNHCH2-PBN-CH2NHAc, and 4-MeO-PBN-CH2NHAc were the easiest to oxidize. A computational approach was used to rationalize the effect of functionalization on the free energies of nitrone reactivity with hydroxymethyl radical as well as on the electron affinity and ionization potential. Finally, the neuroprotection of the derivatives was evaluated in an in vitro model of cellular injury on cortical neurons. Five derivatives showed good protection at very low concentrations (0.1-10 μM), with PBN-CH2NHAc and 4-HOOC-PBN being the two most promising agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Deletraz
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM & Avignon Université, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, Avignon 84916 Cedex 9, France
| | - Kamal Zéamari
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM & Avignon Université, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, Avignon 84916 Cedex 9, France
| | - Kangyu Hua
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Maud Combes
- Neuro-Sys, 410 Chemin Départemental 60, 13120 Gardanne, France
| | - Frederick A Villamena
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Béatrice Tuccio
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Noelle Callizot
- Neuro-Sys, 410 Chemin Départemental 60, 13120 Gardanne, France
| | - Grégory Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM & Avignon Université, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, Avignon 84916 Cedex 9, France
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18
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Shen D, Hensley K, Denton TT. An overview of sulfur-containing compounds originating from natural metabolites: Lanthionine ketimine and its analogues. Anal Biochem 2019; 591:113543. [PMID: 31862405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dunxin Shen
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 412 East Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA, 99202-2131, USA
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Sciences, Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, 7000 Chad Colley Blvd, Fort Smith, AR, 72916, USA
| | - Travis T Denton
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 412 East Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA, 99202-2131, USA.
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19
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Zhang M, Liu S, Li H, Guo Y, Li N, Guan M, Mehfooz H, Zhao J, Zhang Q. Copper‐Catalyzed Cope‐Type Hydroamination of Nonactivated Olefins toward Cyclic Nitrones: Scope, Mechanism, and Enantioselective Process Development. Chemistry 2019; 25:12620-12627. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Synthesis of Jilin ProvinceDepartment of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Synthesis of Jilin ProvinceDepartment of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Hexin Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Synthesis of Jilin ProvinceDepartment of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Yajing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Synthesis of Jilin ProvinceDepartment of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Synthesis of Jilin ProvinceDepartment of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Meihui Guan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Synthesis of Jilin ProvinceDepartment of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Haroon Mehfooz
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Synthesis of Jilin ProvinceDepartment of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Synthesis of Jilin ProvinceDepartment of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Synthesis of Jilin ProvinceDepartment of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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20
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Towner RA, Saunders D, Smith N, Gulej R, McKenzie T, Lawrence B, Morton KA. Anti-inflammatory agent, OKN-007, reverses long-term neuroinflammatory responses in a rat encephalopathy model as assessed by multi-parametric MRI: implications for aging-associated neuroinflammation. GeroScience 2019; 41:483-494. [PMID: 31478121 PMCID: PMC6815317 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced encephalopathy induces neuroinflammation. Long-term neuroinflammation is associated with aging and subsequent cognitive impairment (CI). We treated rats that had LPS-induced neuroinflammation with OKN-007, with an anti-inflammatory agent currently considered an anti-cancer investigational new drug in clinical trials for glioblastoma (GBM). Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (CE-MRI), perfusion MRI, and MR spectroscopy were used as methods to assess long-term (up to 6 weeks post-LPS) alterations in blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, microvascularity, and metabolism, respectively, and the therapeutic effect of OKN-007. A free radical-targeted molecular MRI approach was also used to detect the effect of OKN-007 on brain free radical levels at 24 h and 1 week post-LPS injection. OKN-007 was able to reduce BBB permeability in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus at 1 week post-LPS using CE-MRI. OKN-007 was able to restore vascular perfusion rates by reducing LPS-induced increased relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the cortex and hippocampus regions at all time points studied (1, 3, and 6 weeks post-LPS). OKN-007 was also able to restore LPS-induced brain metabolite depletions. NAA/Cho, Cr/Cho, and Myo-Ins/Cho metabolite ratios at 1, 3, and 6 weeks post-LPS were all restored to normal levels following OKN-007 treatment. OKN-007 also reduced LPS-induced free radical levels at 24 h and 1 week post-LPS, as detected by free radical-targeted MRI. LPS-exposed rats were compared with saline-treated controls and LPS + OKN-007-treated animals. We clearly demonstrated that OKN-007 restores LPS-induced BBB dysfunction, impaired vascularity, and decreased brain metabolites, all long-term neuroinflammatory indicators, as well as decreases free radicals in a LPS-induced neuroinflammation model. OKN-007 should be considered an anti-inflammatory agent for age-associated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rheal A Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Oklahoma Nathan Shock Aging Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Debra Saunders
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Tyler McKenzie
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Brandy Lawrence
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Kathryn A Morton
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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21
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Liu M, Zhou T, Zhang M, Zhao J, Zhang Q. Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Cope‐Type Hydroamination: Efficient Access to Five and Six‐Membered Cyclic Nitrones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Liu
- Department of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Mengru Zhang
- Department of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Department of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of ChemistryNortheast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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22
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Socrier L, Rosselin M, Gomez Giraldo AM, Chantemargue B, Di Meo F, Trouillas P, Durand G, Morandat S. Nitrone-Trolox conjugate as an inhibitor of lipid oxidation: Towards synergistic antioxidant effects. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:1489-1501. [PMID: 31247162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Free radical scavengers like α-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) have been widely used as protective agents in various biomimetic and biological models. A series of three amphiphilic Trolox and PBN derivatives have been designed by adding to those molecules a perfluorinated chain as well as a sugar group in order to render them amphiphilic. In this work, we have studied the interactions between these derivatives and lipid membranes to understand how they influence their ability to prevent membrane lipid oxidation. We showed the derivatives better inhibited the AAPH-induced oxidation of 1,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLiPC) small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) than the parent compounds. One of the derivatives, bearing both PBN and Trolox moieties on the same fluorinated carrier, exhibited a synergistic antioxidant effect by delaying the oxidation process. We next investigated the ability of the derivatives to interact with DLiPC membranes in order to better understand the differences observed regarding the antioxidant properties. Surface tension and fluorescence spectroscopy experiments revealed the derivatives exhibited the ability to form monolayers at the air/water interface and spontaneously penetrated lipid membranes, underlying pronounced hydrophobic properties in comparison to the parent compounds. We observed a correlation between the hydrophobic properties, the depth of penetration and the antioxidant properties and showed that the location of these derivatives in the membrane is a key parameter to rationalize their antioxidant efficiency. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations supported the understanding of the mechanism of action, highlighting various key physical-chemical descriptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Socrier
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE 3580, Centre de recherches Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne cedex, France.
| | - Marie Rosselin
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM) & Avignon University, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, F-84916 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Ana Milena Gomez Giraldo
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE 3580, Centre de recherches Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne cedex, France
| | - Benjamin Chantemargue
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IPPRITT, U1248, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France; RCPTM, Palacký University, Faculty of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Florent Di Meo
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IPPRITT, U1248, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Patrick Trouillas
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IPPRITT, U1248, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France; RCPTM, Palacký University, Faculty of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Grégory Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM) & Avignon University, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, F-84916 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Sandrine Morandat
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE 3580, Centre de recherches Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne cedex, France
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23
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Kalhor M, Samiei S, Mirshokraei SA. Facile one-pot synthesis of novel N-benzimidazolyl-α-arylnitrones catalyzed by salts of transition metals. RSC Adv 2019; 9:41851-41860. [PMID: 35541607 PMCID: PMC9076553 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08570j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of N-benzimidazol-2-yl-α-aryl nitrones 3a–j is synthesized via simple one-pot condensation/oxidation of 2-aminobenzimidazole, an aromatic aldehyde and m-chloro perbenzoic acid (m-CPBA) as an effective oxidant using Mn(NO3)2·6H2O as an efficient catalyst at room temperature. All synthesized N-benzimidazolyl nitrones were identified using FTIR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. Also, stability energy theory calculations were performed and 1H NMR computational spectra were generated for the isomeric structures of 3a; the results show that the stability order is oxaziridine (4) followed by the nitrones 3aE and 3aZ. Also, comparing the computational spectroscopy results with the experimental data shows great accordance with nitrone 3aE. Among the remarkable points of this protocol, stable N-heterocyclic nitrones were prepared for the first time from raw materials under mild oxidative conditions. Therefore, they can easily be applied as high-potential intermediates for synthesizing valuable heterocycles in mild conditions. Due to benefits such as the use of inexpensive and available catalysts, short reaction times, high yields, facile workup to obtain pure product, and facile separation of the side product (m-chlorobenzoic acid), this simple protocol complies greatly with the principles of green chemistry. A novel series of N-benzimidazol-2-yl-α-aryl nitrones 3a–j is synthesized via one-pot condensation/oxidation of 2-aminobenzimidazole, an aromatic aldehyde and m-CPBA as an effective oxidant using Mn(NO3)2·6H2O as an efficient catalyst.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kalhor
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Payame Noor
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Sima Samiei
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Payame Noor
- Tehran
- Iran
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24
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Wang X, Zhang J, Zhao X, Wei W, Zhao J. Imaging and proteomic study of a clickable iridium complex. Metallomics 2019; 11:1344-1352. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00134d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a clickable iridium complex 2-N3 which can be imaged via click reaction in cells. Quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that ECM–receptor interaction pathway was activated and a series of celluar process was affected by 2-N3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences
- School of Life Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences
- School of Life Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
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25
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Deletraz A, Zéamari K, Di Meo F, Fabre PL, Reybier K, Trouillas P, Tuccio B, Durand G. Reactivities of MeO-substituted PBN-type nitrones. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03805a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
MeO-derivatives of phenyl nitrones were synthesized and their electrochemical and spin-trapping properties were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Deletraz
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM & Avignon Université
- Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles
- Avignon 84916 Cedex 9
- France
| | - Kamal Zéamari
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM & Avignon Université
- Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles
- Avignon 84916 Cedex 9
- France
| | - Florent Di Meo
- INSERM U1248 IPPRITT
- Université de Limoges
- Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie
- France
| | | | | | - Patrick Trouillas
- INSERM U1248 IPPRITT
- Université de Limoges
- Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie
- France
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
| | - Béatrice Tuccio
- Aix-Marseille Université
- CNRS
- ICR UMR 7273
- 13397 Marseille Cedex 20
- France
| | - Grégory Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM & Avignon Université
- Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles
- Avignon 84916 Cedex 9
- France
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26
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Dong C, Dickie DA, Maio WA, Manz TA. Synthesis and Characterization of N, N'-Bismesityl Phenanthrene-9,10-diimine and Imine-Nitrone. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:16858-16865. [PMID: 31458311 PMCID: PMC6643722 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The sterically bulky compounds N,N'-bismesityl phenanthrene-9,10-diimine [1] and imine-nitrone [2] were synthesized. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the synthesis of a bulky steric imine-nitrone accessed from the secondary ketimine using urea hydrogen peroxide over methyltrioxorhenium catalyst. Purified compounds were characterized using 1H and 13C NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and infrared spectrometry. We report the first crystal structure of compound 1. Detailed IR bands of compounds 1 and 2 were assigned by comparing experimentally measured spectra to individually animated modes of quantum mechanically computed spectra. We believe these compounds may be of use as bidentate ligands in the synthesis of novel organometallic compounds. The asymmetric N and O coordination sites of compound 2 might impart interesting electronic effects to organometallic compounds compared to the symmetric N,N'-coordination sites of compound 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Dong
- Department
of Chemical & Materials Engineering and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003-8001, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department
of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453-2700, United States
| | - William A. Maio
- Department
of Chemical & Materials Engineering and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003-8001, United States
| | - Thomas A. Manz
- Department
of Chemical & Materials Engineering and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003-8001, United States
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27
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Chen H, Cao J, Zhu Z, Zhang G, Shan L, Yu P, Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Z. A Novel Tetramethylpyrazine Derivative Protects Against Glutamate-Induced Cytotoxicity Through PGC1α/Nrf2 and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:567. [PMID: 30158850 PMCID: PMC6104130 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-induced excitotoxicity is one of the main causes of neuronal cell death in stroke. Compound 22a has been previously reported as a promising neuroprotective compound derived from tetramethylpyrazine, which is a widely used active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii Franchat). Compound 22a can protect neurons from oxidative stress-induced PC12 cell death and alleviates the infarct areas and brain edema in a rat permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model. In the current work, we further investigated the neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of compound 22a against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in primary culture of rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). We found that pretreatment with compound 22a prevented glutamate-induced neuronal damage by maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential and attenuating cellular apoptosis. Compound 22a could also enhance peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) transcriptional activity and induce nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 in PC12 cells. Accordingly, pretreatment with compound 22a reversed the glutamate-induced down-regulation of expression of the proteins PGC1α, transcriptional factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and hemooxygenase 1 (HO-1). In addition, compound 22a increased the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p-PI3K), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (p-GSK3β). Meanwhile, the small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of PGC1α expression and selective inhibitors targeting PI3K/Akt (LY294002 and Akt-iv) could significantly attenuate the neuroprotective effect of compound 22a. Taken together, compound 22a protected against glutamate-induced CGN injury possibly in part through regulation of PGC1α/Nrf2 and PI3K/Akt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Zhu
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaoxiao Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luchen Shan
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yewei Sun
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Choi M, Viji M, Kim D, Lee YH, Sim J, Kwak YS, Lee K, Lee H, Jung JK. Metal-free approach for the ʟ-proline mediated synthesis of nitrones from nitrosobenzene. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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29
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Imaging of a clickable anticancer iridium catalyst. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 180:179-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Multiple-step, one-pot synthesis of 2-substituted-3-phosphono-1-thia-4-aza-2-cyclohexene-5-carboxylates and their corresponding ethyl esters. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:562-565. [PMID: 29398540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The multiple-step, one-pot procedure for a series of 2-substituted-3-phosphono-1-thia-4-aza-2-cyclohexene-5-carboxylates, analogues of the natural, sulfur amino acid metabolite lanthionine ketimine (LK), its 5-ethyl ester (LKE) and 2-substituted LKEs is described. Initiating the synthesis with the Michaelis-Arbuzov preparation of α-ketophosphonates allows for a wide range of functional variation at the 2-position of the products. Nine new compounds were synthesized with overall yields range from 40 to 62%. In addition, the newly prepared 2-isopropyl-LK-P, 2-n-hexyl-LKE-P and 2-ethyl-LKE were shown to stimulate autophagy in cultured cells better than that of the parent compound, LKE.
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31
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Oliveira C, Benfeito S, Fernandes C, Cagide F, Silva T, Borges F. NO and HNO donors, nitrones, and nitroxides: Past, present, and future. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:1159-1187. [PMID: 29095519 DOI: 10.1002/med.21461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The biological effects attributed to nitric oxide (• NO) and nitroxyl (HNO) have been extensively studied, propelling their array of putative clinical applications beyond cardiovascular disorders toward other age-related diseases, like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, the unique properties and reactivity of the N-O bond enabled the development of several classes of compounds with potential clinical interest, among which • NO and HNO donors, nitrones, and nitroxides are of particular importance. Although primarily studied for their application as cardioprotective agents and/or molecular probes for radical detection, continuous efforts have unveiled a wide range of pharmacological activities and, ultimately, therapeutic applications. These efforts are of particular significance for diseases in which oxidative stress plays a key pathogenic role, as shown by a growing volume of in vitro and in vivo preclinical data. Although in its early stages, these efforts may provide valuable guidelines for the development of new and effective N-O-based drugs for age-related disorders. In this report, we review recent advances in the chemistry of NO and HNO donors, nitrones, and nitroxides and discuss its pharmacological significance and potential therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Oliveira
- CIQUP/Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Benfeito
- CIQUP/Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Fernandes
- CIQUP/Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Cagide
- CIQUP/Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Silva
- CIQUP/Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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32
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Lupi F, Marzo T, D'Adamio G, Cretella S, Cardona F, Messori L, Goti A. Diruthenium Diacetate Catalysed Aerobic Oxidation of Hydroxylamines and Improved Chemoselectivity by Immobilisation to Lysozyme. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Lupi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”; Università di Firenze; Via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
- LENS; University of Florence; Via Nello Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
| | - Tiziano Marzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”; Università di Firenze; Via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale (DCCI); Università di Pisa; Via Moruzzi, 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Giampiero D'Adamio
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”; Università di Firenze; Via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
| | - Sara Cretella
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”; Università di Firenze; Via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
| | - Francesca Cardona
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”; Università di Firenze; Via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
- Associated with CNR-INO; Via Nello Carrara 1 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
| | - Luigi Messori
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”; Università di Firenze; Via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
| | - Andrea Goti
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”; Università di Firenze; Via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
- Associated with CNR-INO; Via Nello Carrara 1 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
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33
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Socrier L, Rosselin M, Choteau F, Durand G, Morandat S. Cholesterol-nitrone conjugates as protective agents against lipid oxidation: A model membrane study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:2495-2504. [PMID: 28982534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Free radical scavengers such as α-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) have been widely used as protective agents in several biological models. We recently designed two PBN derivatives by adding a cholesterol moiety to the parent nitrone to increase its lipophilicity. In addition to the cholesterol, a sugar group was also grafted to enhance the hydrophilic properties at the same time. In the present work we report on the synthesis of a third derivative bearing only a cholesterol moiety and the physical chemical and antioxidant characterization of these three derivatives. We demonstrated they were able to form stable monolayers at the air/water interface and with the two derivatives bearing a sugar group, repulsive interactions with 1,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC) were observed. We next investigated the interaction with DLPC on a liposome model. Fluorescence spectroscopy experiments showed the addition of a cholesterol moiety causes an ordering effect whereas the presence of the sugar group led to a disordering effect. The protective effect against lipid oxidation was then investigated using dynamic light scattering and the formation of conjugated dienes was quantified spectrophotometrically. Two oxidizing systems were tested, i.e. the AAPH-thermolysis which generates peroxyl radicals and the Fenton reagent which is responsible of the formation of hydroxyl radicals. Due to their membrane localization, the three cholesteryl-PBN derivatives are able to prevent lipid oxidation with the two types of radical inducers but with a different mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Socrier
- Sorbonne University, Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE 3580, Centre de recherches Royallieu, CS 60 319, 60 203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Marie Rosselin
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM) & Université d'Avignon, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, F-84916 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Fanny Choteau
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM) & Université d'Avignon, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, F-84916 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Grégory Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM) & Université d'Avignon, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, F-84916 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Sandrine Morandat
- Sorbonne University, Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE 3580, Centre de recherches Royallieu, CS 60 319, 60 203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
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34
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Raspertova IV, Doroschuk RO, Khomenko DM, Lampeka RD. Synthesis, spectroscopic, structural characterization of Cd(II) and Zn(II) complexes based on the N-methyl-C-(2-pyridyl)nitrone. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1359576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona V. Raspertova
- Department of Chemistry, National Taras Shevchenko University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Roman O. Doroschuk
- Department of Chemistry, National Taras Shevchenko University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro M. Khomenko
- Department of Chemistry, National Taras Shevchenko University, Kyiv, Ukraine
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35
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Li Z, Zhao J, Sun B, Zhou T, Liu M, Liu S, Zhang M, Zhang Q. Asymmetric Nitrone Synthesis via Ligand-Enabled Copper-Catalyzed Cope-Type Hydroamination of Cyclopropene with Oxime. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11702-11705. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyu Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Baozhen Sun
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Mengru Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecule Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
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36
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Microemulsion utility in pharmaceuticals: Implications for multi-drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 526:425-442. [PMID: 28495500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Emulsion technology has been utilized extensively in the pharmaceutical industry. This article presents a comprehensive review of the literature on an important subcategory of emulsions, microemulsions. Microemulsions are optically transparent, thermodynamically stable colloidal systems, 10-100nm diameter, that form spontaneously upon mixing of oil, water and emulsifier. This review is the first to address advantages and disadvantages, as well as considerations and challenges in multi-drug delivery. For the period 1 January 2011-30 April 2016, 431 publications related to microemulsion drug delivery were identified and screened according to microemulsion, drug classification, and surfactant types. Results indicate the use of microemulsions predominantly in lipophilic drug delivery (79.4%) via oil-in-water microemulsions and non-ionic surfactants (90%) for oral or topical administration. Cancer is the disease state most targeted followed by inflammatory diseases, microbial infections and cardiovascular disease. Key generalizations from this analysis include: 1) microemulsion formulation is largely based on trial-and-error despite over 1200 publications related to microemulsion drug delivery since their discovery in 1943; 2) characterization using methods including interfacial tension, droplet size, electrical conductivity, turbidity and viscosity may provide additional information for greater predictability; 3) microemulsion drug delivery publications arise primarily from China (27%) and India (21%) suggesting additional research opportunities elsewhere.
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37
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Neuroprotective Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Multifunctional Agents Targeting Free Radicals, Monoamine Oxidase B and Cholinesterase in Parkinson's Disease Model. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 61:498-510. [PMID: 28144826 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0891-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with multifactorial pathologies, including progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme activity. There are currently only a few agents approved to ameliorate the symptoms of PD; however, no agent is able to reverse the progression of the disease. Due to the multifactorial pathologies, it is necessary to develop multifunctional agents that can affect more than one target involved in the disease pathology. We have designed and synthesized a series of new multifunctional anti-Parkinson's compounds which can protect cerebral granular neurons from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) insult, scavenge free radicals, and inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO)/cholinesterase (ChE) activities. Among them, MT-20R exhibited the most potent MAO-B inhibition both in vitro and in vivo. We further investigated the neuroprotective effects of MT-20R using a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse model. In vivo, MT-20R alleviated MPTP-induced motor deficits, raised the striatal contents of dopamine and its metabolites, and restored the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the number of TH-positive DA neurons in the substantia nigra. Additionally, MT-20R enhanced the expression of Bcl-2, decreased the expression of Bax and Caspase 3, and activated the AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that MT-20R may be a novel therapeutic candidate for treatment of PD.
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38
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Chen H, Tan G, Cao J, Zhang G, Yi P, Yu P, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Tetramethylpyrazine Derivatives as Potential Neuroprotective Agents. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 65:56-65. [PMID: 27746410 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in neurological diseases, resulting in excessive production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. In this work, we designed and synthesized a series of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) derivatives and investigated their abilities for scavenging free radicals and preventing against oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage in vitro. Among them, compound 22a, consisted of TMP, caffeic acid and a nitrone group, showed potent radical-scavenging activity. Compound 22a had broad neuroprotective effects, including rescuing iodoacetic acid-induced neuronal loss, preventing from tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced neuronal injury. Compound 22a exerted its neuroprotective effect against t-BHP injury via activation of the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, in a rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, compound 22a significantly improved neurological deficits, and alleviated the infarct area and brain edema. In conclusion, our results suggest that compound 22a could be a potential neuroprotective agent for the treatment of neurological disease, particularly ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Chen
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University College of Pharmacy
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39
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Patel M. Targeting Oxidative Stress in Central Nervous System Disorders. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:768-778. [PMID: 27491897 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is widespread recognition that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play key roles in normal brain function and pathology in the context of neurological disease. Oxidative stress continues to be a key therapeutic target for neurological diseases. In developing antioxidant therapies for neurological disease, special attention should be given to the brain's unique vulnerability to oxidative insults and its architecture. Consideration of antioxidant therapy should be guided by a strong rationale for oxidative stress in a given neurological disease. This review provides an overview of processes that can guide the development of antioxidant therapies in neurological diseases, such as knowledge of basic redox mechanisms, unique features of brain pathophysiology, mechanisms and classes of antioxidants, and desirable properties of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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40
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Ramdar M, Kazemi F, Kaboudin B, Taran Z, Partovi A. Visible light active CdS nanorods: one-pot synthesis of aldonitrones. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj01459c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new CdS nanorod was synthesized and it was used in the one-pot synthesis of aldonitrones under blue LED irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moosa Ramdar
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)
- Zanjan
- Iran
| | - Foad Kazemi
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)
- Zanjan
- Iran
- Center for Climate and Global Warming (CCGW)
| | - Babak Kaboudin
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)
- Zanjan
- Iran
| | - Zahra Taran
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)
- Zanjan
- Iran
| | - Adel Partovi
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)
- Zanjan
- Iran
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41
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Choi SH, Choi CH. Noise-Induced Neural Degeneration and Therapeutic Effect of Antioxidant Drugs. J Audiol Otol 2015; 19:111-9. [PMID: 26771008 PMCID: PMC4704551 DOI: 10.7874/jao.2015.19.3.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary site of lesion induced by noise exposure is the hair cells in the organ of Corti and the primary neural degeneration occurs in synaptic terminals of cochlear nerve fibers and spiral ganglion cells. The cellular basis of noise-induced hearing loss is oxidative stress, which refers to a severe disruption in the balance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant defense system in the cochlea by excessive production of free radicals induced by noise exposure. Oxidative stress has been identified by a variety of biomarkers to label free radical activity which include four-hydroxy-2-nonenal, nitrotyrosine, and malondialdehyde, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, cytochrome-C, and cascade-3, 8, 9. Furthermore, oxidative stress is contributing to the necrotic and apoptotic cell deaths in the cochlea. To counteract the known mechanisms of pathogenesis and oxidative stress induced by noise exposure, a variety of antioxidant drugs including oxygen-based antioxidants such as N-acetyl-L-cystein and acetyl-L-carnitine and nitrone-based antioxidants such as phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), disufenton sodium, 4-hydroxy PBN, and 2, 4-disulfonyl PBN have been used in our laboratory. These antioxidant drugs were effective in preventing or treating noise-induced hearing loss. In combination with other antioxidants, antioxidant drugs showed a strong synergistic effect. Furthermore, successful use of antioxidant drugs depends on the optimal timing of treatment and the duration of treatment, which are highly related to the time window of free radical formation induced by noise exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hee Choi
- Department of Audiology & Speech Language Pathology, Research Institute of Biomimetic Sensory Control, and Catholic Hearing Voice Speech Center, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Chul-Hee Choi
- Department of Audiology & Speech Language Pathology, Research Institute of Biomimetic Sensory Control, and Catholic Hearing Voice Speech Center, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Korea
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42
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Ameliorative Effects of Antioxidants on the Hippocampal Accumulation of Pathologic Tau in a Rat Model of Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:4159357. [PMID: 27034735 PMCID: PMC4806690 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4159357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to early onset dementia and other related neurodegenerative diseases. We previously demonstrated that damage to the central auditory pathway resulting from blast-induced TBI (bTBI) could be significantly attenuated by a combinatorial antioxidant treatment regimen. In the current study, we examined the localization patterns of normal Tau and the potential blast-induced accumulation of neurotoxic variants of this microtubule-associated protein that are believed to potentiate the neurodegenerative effects associated with synaptic dysfunction in the hippocampus following three successive blast overpressure exposures in nontransgenic rats. We observed a marked increase in the number of both hyperphosphorylated and oligomeric Tau-positive hilar mossy cells and somatic accumulation of endogenous Tau in oligodendrocytes in the hippocampus. Remarkably, a combinatorial regimen of 2,4-disulfonyl α-phenyl tertiary butyl nitrone (HPN-07) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) resulted in striking reductions in the numbers of both mossy cells and oligodendrocytes positively labeled for these pathological Tau immunoreactivity patterns in response to bTBI. This treatment strategy represents a promising therapeutic approach for simultaneously reducing or eliminating both primary auditory injury and nonauditory changes associated with bTBI-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration.
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43
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Lee LCC, Lau JCW, Liu HW, Lo KKW. Conferring Phosphorogenic Properties on Iridium(III)-Based Bioorthogonal Probes through Modification with a Nitrone Unit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Jonathan Chun-Wai Lau
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Hua-Wei Liu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong (P.R. China
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44
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Lee LCC, Lau JCW, Liu HW, Lo KKW. Conferring Phosphorogenic Properties on Iridium(III)-Based Bioorthogonal Probes through Modification with a Nitrone Unit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1046-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Jonathan Chun-Wai Lau
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Hua-Wei Liu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong (P.R. China
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45
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D'Adamio G, Parmeggiani C, Goti A, Cardona F. Gold Supported on Silica Catalyzes the Aerobic Oxidation ofN,N-Disubstituted Hydroxylamines to Nitrones. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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46
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Varaksin MV, Utepova IA, Chupakhin ON, Charushin VN. Direct nuclophilic C–H functionalization of azines and their N-oxides by lithium derivatives of aldonitrones. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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47
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Matassini C, Parmeggiani C, Cardona F, Goti A. Oxidation of N,N-Disubstituted Hydroxylamines to Nitrones with Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. Org Lett 2015. [PMID: 26225452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine compounds are viable reagents for the oxidation of N,N-disubstituted hydroxylamines to the corresponding nitrones, with IBX performing best. The procedure is very simple and user-friendly and affords the target compounds with high efficiency and regioselectivity, highlighting IBX as the reagent of choice for preparation of aldonitrones from nonsymmetric hydroxylamines. Evidence for a mechanism involving nitrogen to iodine coordination has been collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Matassini
- †Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Camilla Parmeggiani
- †Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.,‡CNR-INO and LENS, via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Francesca Cardona
- †Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Andrea Goti
- †Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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48
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Teng X, Wei N, Chen H, Zhai K. RETRACTED ARTICLE: TN-2 Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects on LPS-Induced Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons by Inhibiting TLR4-Mediated NF-κB and MAPK Pathways. J Mol Neurosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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49
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Harris-White ME, Ferbas KG, Johnson MF, Eslami P, Poteshkina A, Venkova K, Christov A, Hensley K. A cell-penetrating ester of the neural metabolite lanthionine ketimine stimulates autophagy through the mTORC1 pathway: Evidence for a mechanism of action with pharmacological implications for neurodegenerative pathologies. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 84:60-8. [PMID: 25779968 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a fundamental cellular recycling process vulnerable to compromise in neurodegeneration. We now report that a cell-penetrating neurotrophic and neuroprotective derivative of the central nervous system (CNS) metabolite, lanthionine ketimine (LK), stimulates autophagy in RG2 glioma and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells at concentrations within or below pharmacological levels reported in previous mouse studies. Autophagy stimulation was evidenced by increased lipidation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) both in the absence and presence of bafilomycin-A1 which discriminates between effects on autophagic flux versus blockage of autophagy clearance. LKE treatment caused changes in protein level or phosphorylation state of multiple autophagy pathway proteins including mTOR; p70S6 kinase; unc-51-like-kinase-1 (ULK1); beclin-1 and LC3 in a manner essentially identical to effects observed after rapamycin treatment. The LKE site of action was near mTOR because neither LKE nor the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin affected tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) phosphorylation status upstream from mTOR. Confocal immunofluorescence imaging revealed that LKE specifically decreased mTOR (but not TSC2) colocalization with LAMP2(+) lysosomes in RG2 cells, a necessary event for mTORC1-mediated autophagy suppression, whereas rapamycin had no effect. Suppression of the LK-binding adaptor protein CRMP2 (collapsin response mediator protein-2) by means of shRNA resulted in diminished autophagy flux, suggesting that the LKE action on mTOR localization may occur through a novel mechanism involving CRMP2-mediated intracellular trafficking. These findings clarify the mechanism-of-action for LKE in preclinical models of CNS disease, while suggesting possible roles for natural lanthionine metabolites in regulating CNS autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marni E Harris-White
- Veterans Administration-Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kathie G Ferbas
- Veterans Administration-Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA; Pepperdine University, Seaver College, Natural Sciences Division, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - Ming F Johnson
- Veterans Administration-Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Pirooz Eslami
- Veterans Administration-Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Kalina Venkova
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Alexandar Christov
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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50
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Saini P, Chattopadhyay A. A comprehensive spectroscopic investigation of α-(2-naphthyl)-N-methylnitrone: a computational study on photochemical nitrone–oxaziridine conversion and thermal E–Z isomerization processes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16375c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CASSCF and 2-layer hybrid ONIOM-based computational studies on α-(2-naphthyl)-N-methylnitrone have proposed its photochemical oxaziridine formation and thermal E–Z isomerization mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Saini
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS)
- Goa
- India
| | - Anjan Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS)
- Goa
- India
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