1
|
Kavinda MD, Choi YH, Kang CH, Lee MH, Kim GY. 2,4'-Dihydroxybenzophenone: A Promising Anti-Inflammatory Agent Targeting Toll-like Receptor 4/Myeloid Differentiation Factor 2-Mediated Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production during Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Systemic Inflammation. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1320-1334. [PMID: 38751626 PMCID: PMC11092117 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The biochemical properties of 2,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone (DHP) have not been extensively studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether DHP could alleviate inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and endotoxemia. The results indicated that DHP effectively reduced mortality and morphological abnormalities, restored heart rate, and mitigated macrophage and neutrophil recruitment to inflammatory sites in LPS-microinjected zebrafish larvae. Additionally, the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-12 (IL-12), was significantly reduced in the presence of DHP. In RAW 264.7 macrophages, DHP inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory response by downregulating pro-inflammatory mediators and decreasing the expression of myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), phosphorylation of IL-1 receptor-associated protein kinase-4 (p-IRAK4), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that DHP occupies the hydrophobic pocket of myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) and blocks the dimerization of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). A molecular dynamics simulation confirmed that DHP stably bound to the hydrophobic pocket of MD2. Furthermore, the DHP treatment inhibited mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production during the LPS-induced inflammatory response in both RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish larvae, which was accompanied by stabilizing mitochondrial membrane potential. In conclusion, our study highlights the therapeutic potential of DHP in alleviating LPS-induced inflammation and endotoxemia. The findings suggest that DHP exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the TLR4/MD2 signaling pathway and reducing the level of mtROS production. These results contribute to a better understanding of the biochemical properties of DHP and support its further exploration as a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory conditions and endotoxemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department
of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic
of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Kang
- Nakdonggang
National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hwa Lee
- Nakdonggang
National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department
of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fuertes-Agudo M, Luque-Tévar M, Cucarella C, Martín-Sanz P, Casado M. Advances in Understanding the Role of NRF2 in Liver Pathophysiology and Its Relationship with Hepatic-Specific Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1491. [PMID: 37627486 PMCID: PMC10451723 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in the pathophysiological changes of liver diseases. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that positively regulates the basal and inducible expression of a large battery of cytoprotective genes, thus playing a key role in protecting against oxidative damage. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis. Its expression has always been associated with the induction of inflammation, but we have shown that, in addition to possessing other benefits, the constitutive expression of COX-2 in hepatocytes is beneficial in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in multiple liver diseases. In this review, we summarized the role of NRF2 as a main agent in the resolution of oxidative stress, the crucial role of NRF2 signaling pathways during the development of chronic liver diseases, and, finally we related its action to that of COX-2, where it appears to operate as its partner in providing a hepatoprotective effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fuertes-Agudo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV), CSIC, Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.F.-A.); (M.L.-T.); (C.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luque-Tévar
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV), CSIC, Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.F.-A.); (M.L.-T.); (C.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Cucarella
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV), CSIC, Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.F.-A.); (M.L.-T.); (C.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIB) “Alberto Sols”, CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Casado
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV), CSIC, Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.F.-A.); (M.L.-T.); (C.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sasaki GY, Li J, Cichon MJ, Kopec RE, Bruno RS. Catechin-Rich Green Tea Extract and the Loss-of-TLR4 Signaling Differentially Alter the Hepatic Metabolome in Mice with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000998. [PMID: 33249742 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Catechin-rich green tea extract (GTE) limits inflammation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) consistent with a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent mechanism. It is hypothesized that GTE supplementation during NASH will shift the hepatic metabolome similar to that attributed to the loss-of-TLR4 signaling. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type (WT) and loss-of-function TLR4-mutant (TLR4mut ) mice are fed a high-fat diet containing 0% or 2% GTE for 8 weeks prior to performing untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics on liver tissue. The loss-of-TLR4 signaling and GTE shift the hepatic metabolome away from that of WT mice. However, relatively few metabolites are altered by GTE in WT mice to the same extent as the loss-of-TLR4 signaling in TLR4mut mice. GTE increases acetyl-coenzyme A precursors and spermidine to a greater extent than the loss-of-TLR4 signaling. Select metabolites associated with thiol metabolism are similarly affected by GTE and the loss-of-TLR4 signaling. Glycerophospholipid catabolites are decreased by GTE, but are unaffected in TLR4mut mice. Conversely, the loss-of-TLR4 signaling but not GTE increases several bile acid metabolites. CONCLUSION GTE limitedly alters the hepatic metabolome consistent with a TLR4-dependent mechanism. This suggests that the anti-inflammatory activities of GTE and loss-of-TLR4 signaling that regulate hepatic metabolism to abrogate NASH are likely due to distinct mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Y Sasaki
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jinhui Li
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Morgan J Cichon
- Foods for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rachel E Kopec
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Foods for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gunne S, Heinicke U, Parnham MJ, Laux V, Zacharowski K, von Knethen A. Nrf2-A Molecular Target for Sepsis Patients in Critical Care. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121688. [PMID: 33348637 PMCID: PMC7766194 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an established master regulator of the anti-oxidative and detoxifying cellular response. Thus, a role in inflammatory diseases associated with the generation of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) seems obvious. In line with this, data obtained in cell culture experiments and preclinical settings have shown that Nrf2 is important in regulating target genes that are necessary to ensure cellular redox balance. Additionally, Nrf2 is involved in the induction of phase II drug metabolizing enzymes, which are important both in degrading and converting drugs into active forms, and into putative carcinogens. Therefore, Nrf2 has also been implicated in tumorigenesis. This must be kept in mind when new therapy approaches are planned for the treatment of sepsis. Therefore, this review highlights the function of Nrf2 in sepsis with a special focus on the translation of rodent-based results into sepsis patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gunne
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.G.); (M.J.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Ulrike Heinicke
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (U.H.); (K.Z.)
| | - Michael J. Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.G.); (M.J.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Volker Laux
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.G.); (M.J.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (U.H.); (K.Z.)
| | - Andreas von Knethen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.G.); (M.J.P.); (V.L.)
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (U.H.); (K.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-6301-87824
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Responsive Expression of MafF to β-Amyloid-Induced Oxidative Stress. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:8861358. [PMID: 33488846 PMCID: PMC7787795 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8861358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The small musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (sMaf) proteins MafF, MafG, and MafK are basic region leucine zipper- (bZIP-) type transcription factors and display tissue- or stimulus-specific expression patterns. As the oxidative stress reactive proteins, sMafs are implicated in various neurological disorders. In the present study, the expressions of sMafs were investigated across five databases gathering transcriptomic data from 74 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and 66 controls in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The expression of MafF was increased in the hippocampus of AD patients, which was negatively correlated with the expression of the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). Furthermore, MafF was significantly increased in patients with Braak stage V-VI, compared to those with Braak stage III-IV. β-Amyloid (Aβ), a strong inducer of oxidative stress, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. The responsive expressions of sMafs to Aβ-induced oxidative stress were studied in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD, Aβ intrahippocampal injection rats, and several human cell lines from different tissue origins. This study revealed that only the induction of MafF was accompanied with reduction of GCLC and glutathione (GSH). MafF knockdown suppressed the increase of GSH induced by Aβ. Among sMafs, MafF is the most responsive to Aβ-induced oxidative stress and might potentiate the inhibition of antioxidation. These results provide a better understanding of sMaf modulation in AD and highlight MafF as a potential therapeutic target in AD.
Collapse
|
6
|
Harasgama JC, Kasthuriarachchi TDW, Kwon H, Wan Q, Lee J. Molecular and functional characterization of a mitochondrial glutathione reductase homolog from redlip mullet (Liza haematocheila): Disclosing its antioxidant properties in the fish immune response mechanism. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 113:103785. [PMID: 32735957 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione reductase (GSHR) is a biologically important enzyme involved in the conversion of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) into its reduced form, reduced glutathione (GSH), with the catalytic activity of NADPH. Most animals and aquatic organisms, including fish, possess high levels of this enzyme system to neutralize oxidative stress in cells. The current study was conducted to broaden our knowledge of GSHR in fish by identifying a mitochondrial isoform of this enzyme (LhGSHRm) in redlip mullet, Liza haematocheila, and clarifying its structure and function. The complete open reading frame of LhGSHRm consists of 1527 base pairs, encoding 508 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 55.43 kDa. Multiple sequence alignment revealed the conservation of important amino acids in this fish. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the closest evolutionary relationship between LhGSHRm and other fish GSHRm counterparts. In tissue distribution analysis, the highest mRNA expression of LhGSHRm was observed in the gill tissue under normal physiological conditions. Following pathogenic challenges, the LhGSHRm transcription level was upregulated in a time-dependent manner in the gill and liver tissues, which may modulate the immune reaction against pathogens. rLhGSHRm showed considerable glutathione reductase activity in an enzyme assay. Further, the biological activity of rLhGSHRm in balancing cellular oxidative stress was observed in both disk diffusion and DPPH assays. Collectively, these results support that LhGSHRm has profound effects on modulating the immune reaction in fish to sustain precise redox homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Harasgama
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - T D W Kasthuriarachchi
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjae Kwon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang H, Zhang SJ, Lyn N, Florentino A, Li A, Davies KJA, Forman HJ. Down regulation of glutathione and glutamate cysteine ligase in the inflammatory response of macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 158:53-59. [PMID: 32682927 PMCID: PMC7484362 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) plays critical roles in the inflammatory response by acting as the master substrate for antioxidant enzymes and an important anti-inflammatory agent. In the early phase of the inflammatory response of macrophages, GSH content is decreased due to the down regulation of the catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC). In the current study we investigated the underlying mechanism for this phenomenon. In human THP1-differentiated macrophages, GCLC mRNA had a half-life of 4 h under basal conditions, and it was significantly reduced to less than 2 h upon exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), suggesting an increased decay of GCLC mRNA in the inflammatory response. The half-life of GCLC protein was >10 h under basal conditions, and upon LPS exposure the degradation rate of GCLC protein was significantly increased. The pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK but not the proteasome inhibitor MG132, prevented the down regulation of GCLC protein caused by LPS. Both caspase inhibitor Z-LEVD-FMK and siRNA of caspase-5 abrogated LPS-induced degradation of GCLC protein. In addition, supplement with γ-GC, the GCLC product, efficiently restored GSH content and suppressed the induction of NF-κB activity by LPS. In conclusion, these data suggest that GCLC down-regulation in the inflammatory response of macrophages is mediated through both increased mRNA decay and caspase-5-mediated GCLC protein degradation, and γ-GC is an efficient agent to restore GSH and regulate the inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Sarah Jiuqi Zhang
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Natalie Lyn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Abigail Florentino
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Andrew Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Guo H, Xu J, Zheng Q, He J, Zhou W, Wang K, Huang X, Fan Q, Ma J, Cheng J, Mei W, Xing R, Cai R. NRF2 SUMOylation promotes de novo serine synthesis and maintains HCC tumorigenesis. Cancer Lett 2019; 466:39-48. [PMID: 31546024 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (NRF2) is a pivotal transcription factor that maintains cellular redox homeostasis and facilitates the development of malignant tumor phenotypes. At the molecular level, NRF2 promotes de novo serine synthesis and SUMOylation affects its function. Our results indicated that the SUMO1 acceptor site of NRF2 is the conserved lysine residue 110 (K110), and that NRF2 SUMOylation deficiency inhibited tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mechanistically, NRF2 SUMOylation promoted de novo serine synthesis in HCC by enhancing the clearance of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and up-regulating phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH). More importantly, serine starvation increased the level of NRF2 SUMOylation, leading to sustained HCC growth. Collectively, our results indicate the presence of a novel NRF2 SUMOylation-mediated signaling process that maintains HCC tumorigenesis in normal conditions and in response to metabolic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116085, China; Department of Pathology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Jiaqian Xu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Quan Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jianli He
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Kezhou Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qiuju Fan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiao Ma
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jinke Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenhan Mei
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Rong Xing
- Department of Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116085, China.
| | - Rong Cai
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Falk M, Bernhoft A, Framstad T, Salbu B, Wisløff H, Kortner TM, Kristoffersen AB, Oropeza-Moe M. Effects of dietary sodium selenite and organic selenium sources on immune and inflammatory responses and selenium deposition in growing pigs. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:527-536. [PMID: 29673733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted to compare effects of different dietary Se sources (sodium selenite [NaSe], Se-enriched yeast [Se yeast] or L-selenomethionine [SeMet]) and one Se-deficient control diet on the expression of selected genes, hematological and clinical biochemical parameters, and muscle morphology in two parallel trials with finisher pigs. Se concentrations in blood plasma and tissues were also monitored. From the pigs in one of the parallel groups, muscle samples obtained from Musculus longissimus dorsi (LD) before and during the trial were examined. The pigs in the other parallel group were challenged once with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intravenously. Transcriptional analyses of LD showed that selenogenes SelenoW and H were higher expressed in pigs fed Se-supplemented diets compared with control. Furthermore, the expression of interferon gamma and cyclooxygenase 2 was lower in the Se-supplemented pigs versus control. In whole blood samples prior to LPS, SelenoN, SelenoS and thioredoxin reductase 1 were higher expressed in pigs fed NaSe supplemented feed compared with the other groups, possibly indicating a higher level of oxidative stress. After LPS exposure glutathione peroxidase 1 and SelenoN were more reduced in pigs fed NaSe compared with pigs fed organic Se. Products of most above-mentioned genes are intertwined with the oxidant-antioxidant system. No significant effects of Se-source were found on hematologic parameters or microscopic anatomy. The Se-concentrations in various skeletal muscles and heart muscle were significantly different between the groups, with highest concentrations in pigs fed SeMet, followed by those fed Se yeast, NaSe, and control diet. Consistent with previous reports our results indicate that dietary Se at adequate levels can support the body's antioxidant system. Our results indicate that muscle fibers of pigs fed organic Se are less vulnerable to oxidative stress compared with the other groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Falk
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Kyrkjevegen 332/334, 4325, Sandnes, Norway.
| | - Aksel Bernhoft
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750, Sentrum, NO-0106, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tore Framstad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, NMBU, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, NO-0033, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Brit Salbu
- Department of Environmental Sciences/CERAD CoE, Campus Ås, NMBU, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Helene Wisløff
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750, Sentrum, NO-0106, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Trond M Kortner
- Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, NMBU, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, NO-0033, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Marianne Oropeza-Moe
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Kyrkjevegen 332/334, 4325, Sandnes, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tomasi ML, Ramani K. SUMOylation and phosphorylation cross-talk in hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3:20. [PMID: 29780898 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2018.04.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver and occurs predominantly in patients with underlying chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. The large spectrum of protein post-translational modification (PTM) includes numerous critical signaling events that occur during neoplastic transformation. PTMs occur to nearly all proteins and increase the functional diversity of proteins. We have reviewed the role of two major PTMs, SUMOylation and phosphorylation, in the altered signaling of key players in HCC. SUMOylation is a PTM that involves addition of a small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO) group to proteins. It is known to regulate protein stability, protein-protein interactions, trafficking and transcriptional activity. The major pathways that are regulated by SUMOylation and may influence HCC are regulation of transcription, cell growth pathways associated with B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and methionine adenosyltransferases (MAT), oxidative stress pathways [nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)], tumor suppressor pathways (p53), hypoxia-inducible signaling [hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)], glucose and lipid metabolism, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and β-Catenin signaling. Phosphorylation is an extensively studied PTM in HCC. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidyl inositol/AK-strain transforming (PI3K/AKT), and C-SRC pathways have been extensively studied for deregulation of kinases and alteration in signaling of targets through phosphorylation of their substrates. Cross-talk between phosphorylation and SUMOylation is known to influence transcriptional activity of proteins and protein-protein interactions. In HCC, several SUMOylation-dependent phosphorylation events have been studied such as MAPK activation and c-SRC activity that have been reviewed in this work. The drastic effects of site-specific phosphorylation or SUMOylation on enzyme activity of signaling players and its effect on growth and tumorigenesis suggests that these PTMs are novel targets for therapeutic intervention in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lauda Tomasi
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Komal Ramani
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Duan C, Zhao Y, Huang C, Zhao Z, Gao L, Niu C, Wang C, Liu X, Zhang C, Li S. Hepatoprotective effects of Lactobacillus plantarum C88 on LPS/D-GalN–induced acute liver injury in mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
13
|
Glutathionylation: a regulatory role of glutathione in physiological processes. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 69:1-24. [DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2018-69-2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Glutathione (γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine) is an intracellular thiol molecule and a potent antioxidant that participates in the toxic metabolism phase II biotransformation of xenobiotics. It can bind to a variety of proteins in a process known as glutathionylation. Protein glutathionylation is now recognised as one of important posttranslational regulatory mechanisms in cell and tissue physiology. Direct and indirect regulatory roles in physiological processes include glutathionylation of major transcriptional factors, eicosanoids, cytokines, and nitric oxide (NO). This review looks into these regulatory mechanisms through examples of glutathione regulation in apoptosis, vascularisation, metabolic processes, mitochondrial integrity, immune system, and neural physiology. The focus is on the physiological roles of glutathione beyond biotransformational metabolism.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang H, Liu H, Zhou L, Yuen J, Forman HJ. Temporal changes in glutathione biosynthesis during the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response of THP-1 macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:304-310. [PMID: 28993271 PMCID: PMC5699958 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
How macrophages maintain redox homeostasis in the inflammatory process, in which a large amount of oxidants are produced, remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the temporal changes in the intracellular glutathione (GSH), the master antioxidant, and the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH biosynthesis, in the inflammatory response of human macrophages (THP1 cells) to lipopolysaccharide. Intracellular GSH concentration was decreased significantly in the early phase (~6h) of LPS exposure, and then gradually went back to the basal level in the late phase (9-24h). The expression level of the catalytic subunit of GCL (GCLC) followed a similar pattern of change as GSH: its mRNA and protein levels were reduced in the early phase and then back to basal level in the late phase. In contrast, the expression of the modifier subunit of GCL (GCLM) was significantly increased in the phase of LPS exposure. Activation Nrf2, the transcription factor involved in the induction of both GCLC and GCLM, occurred at as early as 3h after LPS exposure; whereas the activation of NF-κB occurred at as early as 30min. Inhibition of NF-κB signaling with SN50 prevented the decrease of GCLC and inhibited Nrf2 activation in response to LPS. These data demonstrate time-dependent changes in the expression of GCL and Nrf2 signaling during the inflammatory response, and that the regulation of GCLC and GCLM might be through different pathways in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Andrus Gerontology Center of the Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave, GER306B, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA.
| | - Honglei Liu
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Lulu Zhou
- Andrus Gerontology Center of the Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave, GER306B, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Jenay Yuen
- Andrus Gerontology Center of the Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave, GER306B, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Andrus Gerontology Center of the Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave, GER306B, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Swamy SM, Rajasekaran NS, Thannickal VJ. Nuclear Factor-Erythroid-2-Related Factor 2 in Aging and Lung Fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 186:1712-23. [PMID: 27338106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging and age-related diseases have been associated with elevated oxidative stress, which may be related to increased production of reactive species and/or a deficiency in antioxidant defenses. The nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant response pathway maintains cellular reduction-oxidation homeostasis by inducing the transcription of an array of cytoprotective genes. However, there is evidence of impaired Nrf2 response in aging contributing to age-related fibrotic diseases. Herein, we review mechanisms for the dysregulation of Nrf2 signaling in aging. This understanding will pave the way for the design of novel therapeutic strategies that restore Nrf2 signaling to reestablish cellular homeostasis in aging and age-related fibrotic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shobha M Swamy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Namakkal S Rajasekaran
- Center of Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lu SC, Mato JM, Espinosa-Diez C, Lamas S. MicroRNA-mediated regulation of glutathione and methionine metabolism and its relevance for liver disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:66-72. [PMID: 27033954 PMCID: PMC5749629 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the microRNA (miRNA) family of small RNAs as fundamental regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression has fostered research on their importance in every area of biology and clinical medicine. In the particular area of liver metabolism and disease, miRNAs are gaining increasing importance. By focusing on two fundamental hepatic biosynthetic pathways, glutathione and methionine, we review recent advances on the comprehension of the role of miRNAs in liver pathophysiology and more specifically of models of hepatic cholestasis/fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelly C Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - José M Mato
- CIC bioGUNE, (CIBERehd), Parque Tecnológico de Bizcaia, Derio, Spain
| | - Cristina Espinosa-Diez
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao P, Piao X, Pan L, Zeng Z, Li Q, Xu X, Wang H. Forsythia suspensa extract attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory liver injury in rats via promoting antioxidant defense mechanisms. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:873-881. [PMID: 27753186 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to have a role in inflammation. We investigated whether Forsythia suspensa extract (FSE) could exert its antioxidant potential against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory liver injury in rats. Rats were orally fed FSE once daily for 7 consecutive days prior to LPS (Escherichia coli, serotype O55:B5) injection. LPS treatment caused liver dysfunction as evidenced by massive histopathological changes and increased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities which were ameliorated by FSE pretreatment. FSE attenuated LPS-induced depletion of cytosolic nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and suppression of Nrf2 nuclear translocation in liver, and the generation of ROS and malondialdehyde in serum and liver. FSE increased the Nrf2-mediated induction of heme oxygenase-1 in liver, as well as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in serum and liver. Importantly, FSE attenuated LPS-induced nuclear factor-кB (NF-кB) nuclear translocation in liver, and subsequently decreased tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels in serum and liver, which were associated with FSE-induced activation of Nrf2 in liver. These results indicate that the protective mechanisms of FSE may be involved in the attenuation of oxidative stress and the inhibition of the NF-кB-mediated inflammatory response by modulating the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response against LPS-induced inflammatory liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Long Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhikai Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou ZY, Ren LW, Zhan P, Yang HY, Chai DD, Yu ZW. Metformin exerts glucose-lowering action in high-fat fed mice via attenuating endotoxemia and enhancing insulin signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1063-75. [PMID: 27180982 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Accumulating evidence shows that lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from gut gram-negative bacteria can be absorbed, leading to endotoxemia that triggers systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. In this study we examined whether metformin attenuated endotoxemia, thus improving insulin signaling in high-fat diet fed mice. METHODS Mice were fed a high-fat diet for 18 weeks to induce insulin resistance. One group of the mice was treated with oral metformin (100 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) for 4 weeks. Another group was treated with LPS (50 μg·kg(-1)·d(-1), sc) for 5 days followed by the oral metformin for 10 d. Other two groups received a combination of antibiotics for 7 d or a combination of antibiotics for 7 d followed by the oral metformin for 4 weeks, respectively. Glucose metabolism and insulin signaling in liver and muscle were evaluated, the abundance of gut bacteria, gut permeability and serum LPS levels were measured. RESULTS In high-fat fed mice, metformin restored the tight junction protein occludin-1 levels in gut, reversed the elevated gut permeability and serum LPS levels, and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus and Akkermansia muciniphila. Metformin also increased PKB Ser473 and AMPK T172 phosphorylation, decreased MDA contents and redox-sensitive PTEN protein levels, activated the anti-oxidative Nrf2 system, and increased IκBα in liver and muscle of the mice. Treatment with exogenous LPS abolished the beneficial effects of metformin on glucose metabolism, insulin signaling and oxidative stress in liver and muscle of the mice. Treatment with antibiotics alone produced similar effects as metformin did. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of antibiotics were addictive to those of metformin. CONCLUSION Metformin administration attenuates endotoxemia and enhances insulin signaling in high-fat fed mice, which contributes to its anti-diabetic effects.
Collapse
|
19
|
Osna NA, Carter WG, Ganesan M, Kirpich IA, McClain CJ, Petersen DR, Shearn CT, Tomasi ML, Kharbanda KK. Aberrant post-translational protein modifications in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver injury. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6192-6200. [PMID: 27468209 PMCID: PMC4945978 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i27.6192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is likely that the majority of proteins will undergo post-translational modification, be it enzymatic or non-enzymatic. These modified protein(s) regulate activity, localization and interaction with other cellular molecules thereby maintaining cellular hemostasis. Alcohol exposure significantly alters several of these post-translational modifications leading to impairments of many essential physiological processes. Here, we present new insights into novel modifications following ethanol exposure and their role in the initiation and progression of liver injury. This critical review condenses the proceedings of a symposium at the European Society for the Biomedical Research on Alcoholism Meeting held September 12-15, 2015, in Valencia, Spain.
Collapse
|
20
|
Jung YS. Metabolism of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids in the Liver: A Link between Hepatic Injury and Recovery. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 38:971-4. [PMID: 26133705 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methionine is an essential sulfur-containing amino acid that is metabolized mainly in the liver, where it is converted to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) by methionine adenosyltransferase. Importantly, SAM is a metabolically pleiotropic molecule that participates in three types of biochemical reactions; transmethylation, transsulfuration (which results in the transfer of sulfur from methionine to serine to form cysteine), and amino propylation (to synthesize polyamines). Critical roles of SAM in the liver have been extensively studied using transgenic animals with chronically reduced or increased hepatic SAM levels. Interestingly, both models with abnormal hepatic SAM concentrations develop liver disease suggesting that SAM homeostasis plays a pivotal role in liver disease. The transsulfuration pathway is connected to the production of glutathione (GSH), which has potent antioxidant capacity in the liver. Accumulating data show that GSH depletion renders the liver vulnerable to oxidative stress and prone to progression of liver disease. In this review, we highlight the importance of homeostasis in the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids with a particular focus on the transsulfuration pathway which could be a promising therapeutic target in liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Surya R, Héliès-Toussaint C, Martin OC, Gauthier T, Guéraud F, Taché S, Naud N, Jouanin I, Chantelauze C, Durand D, Joly C, Pujos-Guillot E, Pierre FH, Huc L. Red meat and colorectal cancer: Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response contributes to the resistance of preneoplastic colon cells to fecal water of hemoglobin- and beef-fed rats. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:635-645. [PMID: 26992899 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have associated red meat intake with risk of colorectal cancer. Experimental studies explain this positive association by the oxidative properties of heme iron released in the colon. This latter is a potent catalyst for lipid peroxidation, resulting in the neoformation of deleterious aldehydes in the fecal water of heme-fed rats. The toxicity of fecal water of heme-fed rats was associated to such lipid peroxidation. This study demonstrated that fecal water of hemoglobin- and beef-fed rats preferentially induced apoptosis in mouse normal colon epithelial cells than in those carrying mutation on Apc (Adenomatous polyposis coli) gene, considered as preneoplastic. Highlighting the importance of lipid peroxidation and neoformation of secondary aldehydes like 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), we optimized the depletion of carbonyl compounds in the fecal water which turned out to abolish the differential apoptosis in both cell lines. To explain the resistance of preneoplastic cells towards fecal water toxicity, we focused on Nrf2, known to be activated by aldehydes, including HNE. Fecal water activated Nrf2 in both cell lines, associated with the induction of Nrf2-target genes related to aldehydes detoxification. However, the antioxidant defense appeared to be higher in preneoplastic cells, favoring their survival, as evidenced by Nrf2 inactivation. Taken together, our results suggest that Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response was involved in the resistance of preneoplastic cells upon exposure to fecal water of hemoglobin- and beef-fed rats. This difference could explain the promoting effect of red meat and heme-enriched diet on colorectal cancer, by initiating positive selection of preneoplastic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reggie Surya
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INP-ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, F-31027 Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse III, INP, ENVT, UPS, TOXALIM, F-31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Héliès-Toussaint
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INP-ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, F-31027 Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse III, INP, ENVT, UPS, TOXALIM, F-31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Océane C Martin
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INP-ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, F-31027 Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse III, INP, ENVT, UPS, TOXALIM, F-31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Gauthier
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INP-ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, F-31027 Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse III, INP, ENVT, UPS, TOXALIM, F-31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Guéraud
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INP-ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, F-31027 Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse III, INP, ENVT, UPS, TOXALIM, F-31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Sylviane Taché
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INP-ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, F-31027 Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse III, INP, ENVT, UPS, TOXALIM, F-31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Naud
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INP-ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, F-31027 Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse III, INP, ENVT, UPS, TOXALIM, F-31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Jouanin
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INP-ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, F-31027 Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse III, INP, ENVT, UPS, TOXALIM, F-31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Chantelauze
- INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63112 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.,Université de Lyon - VetAgro Sup, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Denys Durand
- INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63112 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.,Université de Lyon - VetAgro Sup, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Charlotte Joly
- INRA, UMR1019, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France and.,INRA, UMR1019, UNH, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- INRA, UMR1019, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France and.,INRA, UMR1019, UNH, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabrice H Pierre
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INP-ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, F-31027 Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse III, INP, ENVT, UPS, TOXALIM, F-31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Huc
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INP-ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, F-31027 Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse III, INP, ENVT, UPS, TOXALIM, F-31027 Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang H, Davies KJA, Forman HJ. Oxidative stress response and Nrf2 signaling in aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:314-336. [PMID: 26066302 PMCID: PMC4628850 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 590] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing oxidative stress, a major characteristic of aging, has been implicated in a variety of age-related pathologies. In aging, oxidant production from several sources is increased, whereas antioxidant enzymes, the primary lines of defense, are decreased. Repair systems, including the proteasomal degradation of damaged proteins, also decline. Importantly, the adaptive response to oxidative stress declines with aging. Nrf2/EpRE signaling regulates the basal and inducible expression of many antioxidant enzymes and the proteasome. Nrf2/EpRE activity is regulated at several levels, including transcription, posttranslation, and interactions with other proteins. This review summarizes current studies on age-related impairment of Nrf2/EpRE function and discusses the changes in Nrf2 regulatory mechanisms with aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; School of Natural Science, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95344, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim JS, Kwon WY, Suh GJ, Kim KS, Jung YS, Kim SH, Lee SE. Plasma glutathione reductase activity and prognosis of septic shock. J Surg Res 2015; 200:298-307. [PMID: 26316444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to investigate whether plasma glutathione reductase (GR) activity is well correlated with the erythrocyte-reduced glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio and is associated with the mortality of septic shock. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on male Sprague-Dawley rats and patients admitted to the intensive care unit with septic shock. To induce endotoxemia in rats, vehicle or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at dosages of 5 or 10 mg/kg were injected into a tail vein. Animals were then euthanized 6 h post-LPS. Based on the 28-d mortality, the enrolled patients were divided into the survivors and nonsurvivors. We obtained blood samples from patients at admission (0 h) and 24 h after admission to the intensive care unit. RESULTS In endotoxemic rats, the erythrocyte GSH/GSSG ratio, erythrocyte GR activity, and plasma GR activity in the 10 mg/kg of LPS group were lower than those in the sham and 5 mg/kg of LPS groups. In patients with septic shock, decrease in plasma GR activity at 24 h was independently associated with an increase in 28-d mortality (odds ratio, 0.828; 95% confidence interval, 0.690-0.992, P = 0.041). Plasma GR activity was correlated with erythrocyte GR activity (Spearman ρ = 0.549, P < 0.001) and the erythrocyte GSH/GSSG ratio (rho = 0.367, P = 0.009) at 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Plasma GR activity was well correlated with erythrocyte GR activity and the erythrocyte GSH/GSSG ratio, and a decrease in plasma GR activity was associated with an increase in the mortality of septic shock patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seong Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woon Yong Kwon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Gil Joon Suh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Su Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Sun Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Eun Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Incheon Sarang Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang H, Li TWH, Zhou Y, Peng H, Liu T, Zandi E, Martínez-Chantar ML, Mato JM, Lu SC. Activation of a novel c-Myc-miR27-prohibitin 1 circuitry in cholestatic liver injury inhibits glutathione synthesis in mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:259-74. [PMID: 25226451 PMCID: PMC4283066 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We showed that chronic cholestatic liver injury induced the expression of c-Myc but suppressed that of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL, composed of catalytic and modifier subunits GCLC and GCLM, respectively). This was associated with reduced nuclear antioxidant response element (ARE) binding by nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). Here, we examined whether c-Myc is involved in this process. RESULTS Similar to bile duct ligation (BDL), lithocholic acid (LCA) treatment in vivo induced c-Myc but suppressed GCL subunits expression at day 14. Nrf2 expression and Nrf2 ARE binding fell markedly. However, Nrf2 heterodimerization with MafG was enhanced by LCA, which prompted us to examine whether LCA treatment in vivo altered proteins that bind to ARE using biotinylated ARE in pull-down assay followed by proteomics. LCA treatment enhanced c-Myc but lowered prohibitin 1 (PHB1) binding to ARE. This was a result of c-Myc-mediated induction of microRNA 27a/b (miR27a/b), which target both PHB1 and Nrf2 to reduce their expression. Knockdown of c-Myc or miR27a/b attenuated LCA-mediated suppression of Nrf2, PHB1, and GCL subunit expression, whereas overexpression of PHB1 protected against the fall in Nrf2 and GCL subunits. Both c-Myc and PHB1 directly interact with Nrf2 but c-Myc lowers Nrf2 binding to ARE while PHB1 enhances it. INNOVATION This is the first work that shows how activation of this circuit in cholestatic liver injury inhibits GCL expression. CONCLUSIONS LCA feeding and BDL activate c-Myc-miR27a/b-PHB1 circuit, with the consequence of inhibiting Nrf2 expression and ARE binding, resulting in decreased reduced glutathione synthesis and antioxidant capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heping Yang
- 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tang W, Jiang YF, Ponnusamy M, Diallo M. Role of Nrf2 in chronic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13079-13087. [PMID: 25278702 PMCID: PMC4177487 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a central regulator of antioxidative response elements-mediated gene expression. It has a significant role in adaptive responses to oxidative stress by interacting with the antioxidant response element, which induces the expression of a variety of downstream targets aimed at cytoprotection. Previous studies suggested oxidative stress and associated damage could represent a common link between different forms of diseases. Oxidative stress has been implicated in various liver diseases, including viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease and drug-induced liver injury. Nrf2 activation is initiated by oxidative or electrophilic stress, and aids in the detoxification and elimination of potentially harmful exogenous chemicals and their metabolites. The expression of Nrf2 has been observed throughout human tissue, with high expression in detoxification organs, especially the liver. Thus, Nrf2 may serve as a major regulator of several cellular defense associated pathways by which hepatic cells combat oxidative stress. We review the relevant literature concerning the crucial role of Nrf2 and its signaling pathways against oxidative stress to protect hepatic cell from oxidative damage during development of common chronic liver diseases. We also review the use of Nrf2 as a therapeutic target to prevent and treat liver diseases.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim SP, Nam SH, Friedman M. Rice hull smoke extract protects mice against a Salmonella lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7753-7759. [PMID: 25068861 DOI: 10.1021/jf501533s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Endotoxemia (sepsis, septic shock) is an inflammatory, virulent disease that results mainly from infection by Gram-negative bacteria. The present study investigates the inhibitory effects of a rice hull smoke extract (RHSE) against murine endotoxemia induced by Salmonella lipopolysaccharide and d-galactosamine (LPS/GalN). Pretreatment of the mice with RHSE via dietary administration for 2 weeks resulted in the suppression (in %) of LPS/GalN-induced catalase by 70.7, superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 54.6, and transaminase (GOT/GPT) liver enzymes by 40.6/62.5, the amelioration of necrotic liver lesions, and the reduction of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by 61.1 and nitrite serum level by 83.4, as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme associated with necrotic injury of the lung and kidney by 65.7 and 63.3, respectively. The RHSE also extended the lifespan of the toxemic mice. The results using inflammation biomarkers and from the lifespan studies suggest that the RHSE can protect mice against LPS/GalN-induced liver, lung, and kidney injuries and inflammation by blocking oxidative stress and TNF-α production, thereby increasing the survival of the toxic-shock-induced mice. These beneficial effects and previous studies on the antimicrobial effects against Salmonella Typhimurium in culture and in mice suggest that the smoke extract also has the potential to serve as a new multifunctional resource in human food and animal feeds. Possible mechanisms of the beneficial effects at the cellular and molecular levels and suggested food uses are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Phil Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Ajou University , Suwon, 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|