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Yanjun Y, Jing Z, Yifei S, Gangzhao G, Chenxin Y, Qiang W, Qiang Y, Shuwen H. Trace elements in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7454. [PMID: 39015024 PMCID: PMC11252496 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PCA) is an extremely aggressive malignant cancer with an increasing incidence and a low five-year survival rate. The main reason for this high mortality is that most patients are diagnosed with PCA at an advanced stage, missing early treatment options and opportunities. As important nutrients of the human body, trace elements play an important role in maintaining normal physiological functions. Moreover, trace elements are closely related to many diseases, including PCA. REVIEW This review systematically summarizes the latest research progress on selenium, copper, arsenic, and manganese in PCA, elucidates their application in PCA, and provides a new reference for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of PCA. CONCLUSION Trace elements such as selenium, copper, arsenic and manganese are playing an important role in the risk, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of PCA. Meanwhile, they have a certain inhibitory effect on PCA, the mechanism mainly includes: promoting ferroptosis, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting metastasis, and inhibiting excessive proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yanjun
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHuzhouChina
| | - Zhuang Jing
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHuzhouChina
| | - Song Yifei
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHuzhouChina
| | - Gu Gangzhao
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHuzhouChina
| | - Yan Chenxin
- Shulan International Medical schoolZhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Wei Qiang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHuzhouChina
| | - Yan Qiang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHuzhouChina
| | - Han Shuwen
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHuzhouChina
- Institut Catholique de Lille, Junia (ICL), Université Catholique de Lille, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Transitions de Lille (LITL)LilleFrance
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Srivastava S, Dubey AK, Madaan R, Bala R, Gupta Y, Dhiman BS, Kumar S. Emergence of nutrigenomics and dietary components as a complementary therapy in cancer prevention. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:89853-89873. [PMID: 36367649 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is an illness characterized by abnormal cell development and the capability to infiltrate or spread to rest of the body. A tumor is the term for this abnormal growth that develops in solid tissues like an organ, muscle, or bone and can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymphatic systems. Nutrition is a critical and immortal environmental component in the development of all living organisms encoding the relationship between a person's nutrition and their genes. Nutrients have the ability to modify gene expression and persuade alterations in DNA and protein molecules which is researched scientifically in nutrigenomics. These interactions have a significant impact on the pharmacokinetic properties of bioactive dietary components as well as their site of action/molecular targets. Nutrigenomics encompasses nutrigenetics, epigenetics, and transcriptomics as well as other "omic" disciplines like proteomics and metabolomics to explain the vast disparities in cancer risk among people with roughly similar life style. Clinical trials and researches have evidenced that alternation of dietary habits is potentially one of the key approaches for reducing cancer risk in an individual. In this article, we will target how nutrigenomics and functional food work as preventive therapy in reducing the risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankit Kumar Dubey
- Institute of Scholars, Bengaluru, 577102, Karnataka, India.
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, 110059, India.
| | - Reecha Madaan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rajni Bala
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Yugam Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
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Mohseni S, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Ejtahed HS, Qorbani M, Azadbakht L, Khashayar P, Larijani B. Effect of vitamins C and E on cancer survival; a systematic review. Daru 2022; 30:427-441. [PMID: 36136247 PMCID: PMC9715902 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-022-00451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Association between vitamins C (VC)/ E (VE) and cancer survival is inconsistent. This systematic review is aimed to summarize trials for effects of VC/VE on cancer survival. METHODS Relevant English trials were retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus databases, and Clinicaltrials.gov through 21/June/2022. Inclusion criteria were all trials which assessed sole/combinations intake of VC/VE on survival rate, mortality, or remission of any cancer. Exclusion criteria were observational and animal studies. RESULTS We reached 30 trials conducted on 38,936 patients with various cancers. Due to severe methodological heterogeneity, meta-analysis was impossible. High dose VC + chemotherapy or radiation was safe with an overall survival (OS) 182 days - 21.5 months. Sole oral or intravenous high dose VC was safe with non-significant change in OS (2.9-8.2 months). VE plus chemotherapy was safe, resulted in stabling diseases for 5 years in 70- 86.7% of patients and OS 109 months. It was found 60% and 16% non-significant reductions in adjusted hazard ratio (HR) deaths or recurrence by 200 mg/d tocotrienol + tamoxifen in breast cancer, respectively. Sole intake of 200-3200 mg/d tocotrienol before resectable pancreatic cancer was safe and significantly increased cancer cells' apoptosis. Combination VC and VE was non-significantly reduced 7% in rate of neoplastic gastric polyp. CONCLUSION Although our study is supported improvement of survival and progression rates of cancers by VC/VE, more high quality trials with large sample sizes are required to confirm. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020152795.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Mohseni
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Patricia Khashayar
- Center for microsystem technology, Imec and Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinical Science Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Vitamin C Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Erastin-Induced Ferroptosis by Activating the AMPK/Nrf2/HMOX1 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5361241. [PMID: 35915609 PMCID: PMC9338737 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5361241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death that displays a promising therapeutic pathway for drug-resistant tumor cells. However, some pancreatic cancer (PC) cells are less sensitive to erastin-induced ferroptosis, and normal pancreatic cells are susceptible to this newly discovered cell death. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find drugs to enhance the sensitivity of these PC cells to erastin while limiting side effects. Here, we found that the oxidized form of vitamin C-dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) can be transported into PC cells expressing high levels of GLUT1, resulting in ferroptosis. Moreover, pharmacological vitamin C combined with erastin can synergistically induce ferroptosis of PC cells involving glutathione (GSH) reduction and ferrous iron accumulation while inhibiting the cytotoxicity of normal cells. Mechanistically, as a direct system Xc- inhibitor, erastin can directly suppress the synthesis of GSH, and the recycling of vitamin C and DHA is performed through GSH consumption, which is denoted as the classical mode. Furthermore, oxidative stress induced by erastin and vitamin C could enhance the expression of HMOX1 via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway to increase the labile iron level, which is named the nonclassical mode. In vivo experiments showed that erastin and vitamin C can significantly slow tumor growth in PC xenografts. In summary, the combination of erastin and vitamin C exerts a synergistic effect of classical and nonclassical modes to induce ferroptosis in PC cells, which may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for PC.
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O’Leary BR, Ruppenkamp EK, Steers GJ, Du J, Carroll RS, Wagner BA, Buettner GR, Cullen JJ. Pharmacological Ascorbate Enhances Chemotherapies in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Pancreas 2022; 51:684-693. [PMID: 36099493 PMCID: PMC9547864 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pharmacological ascorbate (P-AscH - , high-dose, intravenous vitamin C) has shown promise as an adjuvant therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of P-AscH - when combined with PDAC chemotherapies. METHODS Clonogenic survival, combination indices, and DNA damage were determined in human PDAC cell lines treated with P-AscH - in combination with 5-fluorouracil, paclitaxel, or FOLFIRINOX (combination of leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin). Tumor volume changes, overall survival, blood analysis, and plasma ascorbate concentration were determined in vivo in mice treated with P-AscH - with or without FOLFIRINOX. RESULTS P-AscH - combined with 5-fluorouracil, paclitaxel, or FOLFIRINOX significantly reduced clonogenic survival in vitro. The DNA damage, measured by γH2AX protein expression, was increased after treatment with P-AscH - , FOLFIRINOX, and their combination. In vivo, tumor growth rate was significantly reduced by P-AscH - , FOLFIRINOX, and their combination. Overall survival was significantly increased by the combination of P-AscH - and FOLFIRINOX. Treatment with P-AscH - increased red blood cell and hemoglobin values but had no effect on white blood cell counts. Plasma ascorbate concentrations were significantly elevated in mice treated with P-AscH - with or without FOLFIRINOX. CONCLUSIONS The addition of P-AscH - to standard of care chemotherapy has the potential to be an effective adjuvant for PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne R. O’Leary
- Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Elena K. Ruppenkamp
- Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Garett J. Steers
- Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Rory S. Carroll
- Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Brett A. Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Garry R. Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Joseph J. Cullen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
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6
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Auranofin and Pharmacologic Ascorbate as Radiomodulators in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050971. [PMID: 35624835 PMCID: PMC9137675 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer accounts for nearly one fourth of all new cancers worldwide. Little progress in the development of novel or adjuvant therapies has been made over the past few decades and new approaches to the treatment of pancreatic cancer are desperately needed. Pharmacologic ascorbate (P-AscH−, high-dose, intravenous vitamin C) is being investigated in clinical trials as an adjunct to standard-of-care chemoradiation treatments. In vitro, P-AscH− has been shown to sensitize cancer cells to ionizing radiation in a manner that is dependent on the generation of H2O2 while simultaneously protecting normal tissue from radiation damage. There is renewed interest in Auranofin (Au), an FDA-approved medication utilized in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, as an anti-cancer agent. Au inhibits the thioredoxin antioxidant system, thus increasing the overall peroxide burden on cancer cells. In support of current literature demonstrating Au’s effectiveness in breast, colon, lung, and ovarian cancer, we offer additional data that demonstrate the effectiveness of Au alone and in combination with P-AscH− and ionizing radiation in pancreatic cancer treatment. Combining P-AscH− and Au in the treatment of pancreatic cancer may confer multiple mechanisms to increase H2O2-dependent toxicity amongst cancer cells and provide a promising translatable avenue by which to enhance radiation effectiveness and improve patient outcomes.
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A Redoxable Mn Porphyrin, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+, Synergizes with Carboplatin in Treatment of Chemoresistant Ovarian Cell Line. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9664636. [PMID: 35898616 PMCID: PMC9313984 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9664636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have employed a redox-active MnP (MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+, Mn(III) meso-tetrakis (N-n-butoxyethylpyridinium-2-yl) porphyrin) frequently identified as superoxide dismutase mimic or BMX-001, to explore the redox status of normal ovarian cell in relation to two ovarian cancer cell lines: OV90 human serous ovarian cancer cell and chemotherapy-resistant OV90 cell (OVCD). We identified that OVCD cells are under oxidative stress due to high hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels and low glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin 1. Furthermore, OVCD cells have increased glycolysis activity and mitochondrial respiration when compared to immortalized ovarian cells (hTER7) and parental cancer cells (OV90). Our goal was to study how ovarian cell growth depends upon the redox state of the cell; hence, we used MnP (BMX-001), a redox-active MnSOD mimetic, as a molecular tool to alter ovarian cancer redox state. Interestingly, OVCD cells preferentially uptake MnP relative to OV90 cells which led to increased inhibition of cell growth, glycolytic activity, OXPHOS, and ATP, in OVCD cells. These effects were further increased when MnP was combined with carboplatin. The effects were discussed with regard to the elevation in H2O2 levels, increased oxidative stress, and reduced Nrf2 levels and its downstream targets when cells were exposed to either MnP or MnP/carboplatin. It is significant to emphasize that MnP protects normal ovarian cell line, hTER7, against carboplatin toxicity. Our data demonstrate that the addition of MnP-based redox-active drugs may be used (via increasing excessively the oxidative stress of serous ovarian cancer cells) to improve cancer patients' chemotherapy outcomes, which develop resistance to platinum-based drugs.
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Abstract
Significance: Vitamin C (ascorbate), in regard to its effectiveness against malignancies, has had a controversial history in cancer treatment. It has been shown that in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy of ascorbate relies on its pro-oxidant effect mainly from an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A growing understanding of its anticancer activities and pharmacokinetic properties has prompted scientists to re-evaluate the significance of ascorbate in cancer treatment. Recent Advances: A recent resurge in ascorbate research emerged after discovering that, at high doses, ascorbate preferentially kills Kirsten-Ras (K-ras)- and B-raf oncogene (BRAF)-mutant cancer cells. In addition, some of the main hallmarks of cancer cells, such as redox homeostasis and oxygen-sensing regulation (through inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha [HIF-1α] activity), are affected by vitamin C. Critical Issues: Currently, there is no clear consensus from the literature in regard to the beneficial effects of antioxidants. Results from both human and animal studies provide no clear evidence about the benefit of antioxidant treatment in preventing or suppressing cancer development. Since pro-oxidants may affect both normal and tumor cells, the extremely low toxicity of ascorbate represents a main advantage. This guarantees the safe inclusion of ascorbate in clinical protocols to treat cancer patients. Future Directions: Current research could focus on elucidating the wide array of reactions between ascorbate and reactive species, namely ROS, reactive nitrogen species as well as reactive sulfide species, and their intracellular molecular targets. Unraveling these mechanisms could allow researchers to assess what could be the optimal combination of ascorbate with standard treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Glorieux
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pedro Buc Calderon
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile.,Research Group in Metabolism and Nutrition, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Hasan B, Tovmasyan A, Batinic-Haberle I, Benov L. Ascorbate-dependent and ascorbate-independent Mn porphyrin cytotoxicity: anticancer activity of Mn porphyrin-based SOD mimics through ascorbate-dependent and -independent routes. Redox Rep 2021; 26:85-93. [PMID: 33902399 PMCID: PMC8081310 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2021.1917214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate how modifications at the periphery of the porphyrin ring affect the anticancer activity of Mn porphyrins (MnPs)-based SOD mimics. Methods Six compounds: MnTE-2-PyP with a short ethyl chain on the pyridyl ring; MnTnHexOE-2-PyP and MnTnOct-2-PyP with linear 8-atom alkyl chains, but the former with an oxygen atom within the alkyl chain; MnTE-2-PyPhP and MnTPhE-2-PyP with pyridyl and phenyl substituents, were investigated. Cytotoxicity was studied using pII and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. Viability was assessed by the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and cell proliferation was determined by the sulforhodamine B assay. Results Cellular uptake was increased with the increase of the lipophilicity of the compounds, whereas reduction potential (E½) of the Mn(III)/Mn(II) redox couple shifted away from the optimal value for efficient redox cycling with ascorbate, necessary for ROS production. Amphiphilic MnPs, however, exerted anticancer activity by a mechanism not involving ROS. Conclusion Two different processes account for MnPs cytotoxicity. MnPs with appropriate E½ act via a ROS-dependent mechanism. Amphiphilic MnPs with suitable structure damage sensitive cellular constituents, leading to the suppression of proliferation and loss of viability. Design of compounds interacting directly with sensitive cellular targets is highly promising in the development of anticancer drugs with high selectivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Neurobiology, Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ludmil Benov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Carroll RS, Buettner GR, Cullen JJ. Pharmacological ascorbate and use in pancreatic cancer. Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819547-5.00046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Faustova M, Nikolskaya E, Sokol M, Fomicheva M, Petrov R, Yabbarov N. Metalloporphyrins in Medicine: From History to Recent Trends. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8146-8171. [PMID: 35019597 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The history of metalloporphyrins dates back more than 200 years ago. Metalloporphyrins are excellent catalysts, capable of forming supramolecular systems, participate in oxygen photosynthesis, transport, and used as contrast agents or superoxide dismutase mimetics. Today, metalloporphyrins represent complexes of conjugated π-electron system and metals from the entire periodic system. However, the effect of these compounds on living systems has not been fully understood, and researchers are exploring the properties of metalloporphyrins thereby extending their further application. This review provides an overview of the variety of metalloporphyrins that are currently used in different medicine fields and how metalloporphyrins became the subject of scientists' interest. Currently, metalloporphyrins utilization has expanded significantly, which gave us an opprotunuty to summarize recent progress in metalloporphyrins derivatives and prospects of their application in the treatment and diagnosis of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Faustova
- MIREA-Russian Technological University, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, 119454 Moscow, Russia.,N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Nikolskaya
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Sokol
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149 Moscow Russia
| | - Margarita Fomicheva
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149 Moscow Russia
| | - Rem Petrov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Nikita Yabbarov
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149 Moscow Russia
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O'Leary BR, Alexander MS, Du J, Moose DL, Henry MD, Cullen JJ. Pharmacological ascorbate inhibits pancreatic cancer metastases via a peroxide-mediated mechanism. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17649. [PMID: 33077776 PMCID: PMC7572461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological ascorbate (P-AscH−, high-dose, intravenous vitamin C) is cytotoxic to tumor cells in doses achievable in humans. Phase I studies in pancreatic cancer (PDAC) utilizing P-AscH− have demonstrated increases in progression free survival, suggesting a reduction in metastatic disease burden. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of P-AscH− on metastatic PDAC. Several in vitro and in vivo mechanisms involved in PDAC metastases were investigated following treatment with P-AscH−. Serum from PDAC patients in clinical trials with P-AscH− were tested for the presence and quantity of circulating tumor cell-derived nucleases. P-AscH− inhibited invasion, basement membrane degradation, decreased matrix metalloproteinase expression, as well as clonogenic survival and viability during exposure to fluid shear stress. In vivo, P-AscH− significantly decreased formation of ascites, tumor burden over time, circulating tumor cells, and hepatic metastases. Both in vitro and in vivo findings were reversed with the addition of catalase suggesting that the effect of P-AscH− on metastatic disease is mediated by hydrogen peroxide. Finally, P-AscH− decreased CTC-derived nucleases in subjects with stage IV PDAC in a phase I clinical trial. We conclude that P-AscH− attenuates the metastatic potential of PDAC and may prove to be effective for treating advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne R O'Leary
- Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Matthew S Alexander
- Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Devon L Moose
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophsics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael D Henry
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophsics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.,The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1528 JCP, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Urology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joseph J Cullen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA. .,The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1528 JCP, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. .,Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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13
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Buranasudja V, Doskey CM, Gibson AR, Wagner BA, Du J, Gordon DJ, Koppenhafer SL, Cullen JJ, Buettner GR. Pharmacologic Ascorbate Primes Pancreatic Cancer Cells for Death by Rewiring Cellular Energetics and Inducing DNA Damage. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2102-2114. [PMID: 31337671 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The clinical potential of pharmacologic ascorbate (P-AscH-; intravenous delivery achieving mmol/L concentrations in blood) as an adjuvant in cancer therapy is being reevaluated. At mmol/L concentrations, P-AscH- is thought to exhibit anticancer activity via generation of a flux of H2O2 in tumors, which leads to oxidative distress. Here, we use cell culture models of pancreatic cancer to examine the effects of P-AscH- on DNA damage, and downstream consequences, including changes in bioenergetics. We have found that the high flux of H2O2 produced by P-AscH- induces DNA damage. In response to this DNA damage, we observed that PARP1 is hyperactivated. Using our unique absolute quantitation, we found that P-AscH- mediated the overactivation of PARP1, which results in consumption of NAD+, and subsequently depletion of ATP leading to mitotic cell death. We have also found that Chk1 plays a major role in the maintenance of genomic integrity following treatment with P-AscH-. Hyperactivation of PARP1 and DNA repair are ATP-consuming processes. Using a Seahorse XF96 analyzer, we demonstrated that the severe decrease in ATP after challenging with P-AscH- is because of increased demand, not changes in the rate of production. Genetic deletion and pharmacologic inhibition of PARP1 preserved both NAD+ and ATP; however, the toxicity of P-AscH- remained. These data indicate that disruption of bioenergetics is a secondary factor in the toxicity of P-AscH-; damage to DNA appears to be the primary factor. IMPLICATIONS: Efforts to leverage P-AscH- in cancer therapy should first focus on DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visarut Buranasudja
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Claire M Doskey
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Adrienne R Gibson
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Juan Du
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - David J Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Joseph J Cullen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. .,Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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14
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Alexander MS, O'Leary BR, Wilkes JG, Gibson AR, Wagner BA, Du J, Sarsour E, Hwang RF, Buettner GR, Cullen JJ. Enhanced Pharmacological Ascorbate Oxidation Radiosensitizes Pancreatic Cancer. Radiat Res 2018; 191:43-51. [PMID: 30376411 DOI: 10.1667/rr15189.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologic ascorbate (P-AscH-) is emerging as a promising adjuvant for advanced pancreatic cancer. P-AscH- generates hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), leading to selective cancer cell cytotoxicity. Catalytic manganoporphyrins, such as MnT4MPyP, can increase the rate of oxidation of P-AscH-, thereby increasing the flux of H2O2, resulting in increased cytotoxicity. We hypothesized that a multimodal treatment approach, utilizing a combination of P-AscH-, ionizing radiation and MnT4MPyP, would result in significant flux of H2O2 and pancreatic cancer cytotoxicity. P-AscH- with MnT4MPyP increased the rate of oxidation of P-AscH- and produced radiosensitization in all pancreatic cancer cell lines tested. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures demonstrated resistance to P-AscH-, radiation or MnT4MPyP treatments alone; however, combined treatment with P-AscH- and MnT4MPyP resulted in the inhibition of tumor growth, particularly when also combined with radiation. In vivo experiments using a murine model demonstrated an increased rate of ascorbate oxidation when combinations of P-AscH- with MnT4MPyP were given, thus acting as a radiosensitizer. The translational potential was demonstrated by measuring increased ascorbate oxidation ex vivo, whereby MnT4MPyP was added exogenously to plasma samples from patients treated with P-AscH- and radiation. Combination treatment utilizing P-AscH-, manganoporphyrin and radiation results in significant cytotoxicity secondary to enhanced ascorbate oxidation and an increased flux of H2O2. This multimodal approach has the potential to be an effective treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justin G Wilkes
- a Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Adrienne R Gibson
- b Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Brett A Wagner
- b Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Juan Du
- a Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ehab Sarsour
- b Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Rosa F Hwang
- c Breast Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Garry R Buettner
- b Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joseph J Cullen
- a Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,d The University of Iowa Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, Iowa.,e Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
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15
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Vissers MCM, Das AB. Potential Mechanisms of Action for Vitamin C in Cancer: Reviewing the Evidence. Front Physiol 2018; 9:809. [PMID: 30018566 PMCID: PMC6037948 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether vitamin C (ascorbate) has a role to play as an anti-cancer agent has been debated for decades. Ascorbate has been used by cancer patients in an unregulated environment, either as a dietary supplement or in pharmacological doses administered by infusion, with numerous reports of clinical benefit, but in the absence of rigorous clinical trial data. The design of appropriate clinical trials has been hindered by a lack of understanding of the mechanism(s) of action that would inform the choice of effective dose, timing of administration and likely responsive cancer models. More recently, expanded understanding of the biological activities of ascorbate has led to a number of plausible hypotheses for mechanisms of anti-cancer activity. Prominent among these are the generation of significant quantities of hydrogen peroxide by the autoxidation of supra-physiological concentrations of ascorbate and stimulation of the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family of enzymes (2-OGDDs) that have a cofactor requirement for ascorbate. Hydrogen peroxide generation is postulated to generate oxidative stress that preferentially targets cancer cells. The 2-OGDDs include the hydroxylases that regulate the hypoxic response, a major driver of tumor survival, angiogenesis, stem cell phenotype and metastasis, and the epigenetic histone and DNA demethylases. The latter are of particular interest, with recent studies suggesting a promising role for ascorbate in the regulation of the ten-eleven translocase (TET) DNA demethylases in hematological cancers. Support for these proposed mechanisms has come from many in vitro studies, and xenograft animal models have consistently shown an anti-cancer effect of ascorbate administration. However, decisive evidence for any particular mechanism(s) of action is not yet available from an in vivo setting. With a number of early phase clinical trials currently underway, evidence for potential mechanism(s) of action is required to inform the most appropriate study design and choice of cancer model. Hopefully such information will result in sound clinical data that will avert adding any further controversy to this already contentious debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margreet C M Vissers
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andrew B Das
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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16
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Erudaitius D, Mantooth J, Huang A, Soliman J, Doskey CM, Buettner GR, Rodgers VGJ. Calculated cell-specific intracellular hydrogen peroxide concentration: Relevance in cancer cell susceptibility during ascorbate therapy. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 120:356-367. [PMID: 29601946 PMCID: PMC6160292 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The high extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations generated during pharmacological ascorbate (P-AscH-) therapy has been shown to exhibit a high flux into susceptible cancer cells leading to a decrease in clonogenic survival. It is hypothesized that the intracellular H2O2 concentration for susceptibility is independent of cell type and that the variation observed in dosing is associated with differences in the cell-specific overall steady-state intracellular H2O2 concentration values. The steady-state variation in intracellular H2O2 concentration is coupled to a number of cellular specific transport and reaction factors including catalase activity and membrane permeability. Here a lumped-parameter mathematical modeling approach, assuming a catalase-dominant peroxide removal mechanism, is used to calculate intracellular H2O2 concentration for several cell lines. Experimental measurements of critical parameters pertaining to the model are obtained. The cell lines investigated are normal pancreatic cells, H6c7, the pancreatic cancer cell line, MIA PaCa-2 and the glioblastoma cell lines, LN-229, T98G, and U-87; all which vary in susceptibility. The intracellular H2O2 concentration estimates are correlated with the clonogenic surviving fraction for each cell line, in-vitro. The results showed that, despite the fact that the experimental parameters including catalase concentration and plasma membrane permeability demonstrated significant variability across cell lines, the calculated steady-state intracellular to extracellular H2O2 concentration ratio did not vary significantly across cell lines. Thus, the calculated intracellular H2O2 concentration is not unique in characterizing susceptibility. These results imply that, although intracellular H2O2 concentration plays a key role in cellular susceptibility to P-AscH- adjuvant therapy, its overall contribution in a unifying mechanism across cell types is complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieanira Erudaitius
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jacqueline Mantooth
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Andrew Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jesse Soliman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Claire M Doskey
- Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Victor G J Rodgers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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17
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O'Leary BR, Houwen FK, Johnson CL, Allen BG, Mezhir JJ, Berg DJ, Cullen JJ, Spitz DR. Pharmacological Ascorbate as an Adjuvant for Enhancing Radiation-Chemotherapy Responses in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Radiat Res 2018; 189:456-465. [PMID: 29547353 DOI: 10.1667/rr14978.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma most often presents at an advanced stage and overall five-year survival of ∼30%. Pharmacological ascorbate (high-dose IV ascorbate) has been proposed as a promising nontoxic adjuvant to standard radio-chemotherapies in several cancer types. In the current study, pharmacological ascorbate (0.5-2 m M) caused a dose-dependent decrease (70-85% at 2 m M) in clonogenic survival of gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS and MNK-45), but was relatively nontoxic to a small intestinal epithelial nonimmortalized human cell isolate (FHs 74 Int). The addition of pharmacological ascorbate (1 m M) to standard radio-chemotherapies [i.e., 5-FU (5 μ M); cisplatin (0.5 μ M); irinotecan (2.5 μ M); carboplatin (5 μ M); paclitaxel (2-4 n M); and X rays (1.8 Gy)] also potentiated gastric cancer clonogenic cell killing [additional decreases were noted with: ascorbate plus 5-FU/radiation (1%); ascorbate plus cisplatin/irinotecan (9-19%); and ascorbate plus paclitaxel/carboplatin (6-7%)]. The gastric cancer cell toxicity and chemosensitization seen with pharmacological ascorbate was dependent on H2O2 and the presence of catalytic metal ions. In addition, pharmacological ascorbate dosing resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease (64% at 20 m M, P ≤ 0.0001) in cancer cell invasion and migration that was inhibited by catalase. Finally, pharmacological ascorbate significantly increased the overall survival of mice with gastric cancer xenografts when used in combination with paclitaxel, carboplatin and radiation ( P = 0.019). These results demonstrate that pharmacological ascorbate is selectively cytotoxic to gastric adenocarcinoma cells (relative to normal intestinal epithelial cells) by a mechanism involving H2O2 and redox active metal ions. Furthermore, pharmacological ascorbate significantly enhances gastric cancer xenograft responses to radio-chemotherapy as well as inhibiting tumor cell migration and invasiveness. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that pharmacological ascorbate can be used as an adjuvant with standard-of-care radio-chemotherapies for the treatment of gastric adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel J Berg
- c Internal Medicine, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joseph J Cullen
- Departments of a Surgery.,b Radiation Oncology.,d The Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
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18
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Chatterjee A, Zhu Y, Tong Q, Kosmacek EA, Lichter EZ, Oberley-Deegan RE. The Addition of Manganese Porphyrins during Radiation Inhibits Prostate Cancer Growth and Simultaneously Protects Normal Prostate Tissue from Radiation Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7010021. [PMID: 29370088 PMCID: PMC5789331 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is commonly used for prostate cancer treatment; however, normal tissues can be damaged from the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by radiation. In separate reports, we and others have shown that manganese porphyrins (MnPs), ROS scavengers, protect normal cells from radiation-induced damage but inhibit prostate cancer cell growth. However, there have been no studies demonstrating that MnPs protect normal tissues, while inhibiting tumor growth in the same model. LNCaP or PC3 cells were orthotopically implanted into athymic mice and treated with radiation (2 Gy, for 5 consecutive days) in the presence or absence of MnPs. With radiation, MnPs enhanced overall life expectancy and significantly decreased the average tumor volume, as compared to the radiated alone group. MnPs enhanced lipid oxidation in tumor cells but reduced oxidative damage to normal prostate tissue adjacent to the prostate tumor in combination with radiation. Mechanistically, MnPs behave as pro-oxidants or antioxidants depending on the level of oxidative stress inside the treated cell. We found that MnPs act as pro-oxidants in prostate cancer cells, while in normal cells and tissues the MnPs act as antioxidants. For the first time, in the same in vivo model, this study reveals that MnPs enhance the tumoricidal effect of radiation and reduce oxidative damage to normal prostate tissue adjacent to the prostate tumor in the presence of radiation. This study suggests that MnPs are effective radio-protectors for radiation-mediated prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Yuxiang Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Qiang Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Elizabeth A Kosmacek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Eliezer Z Lichter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Heer CD, Davis AB, Riffe DB, Wagner BA, Falls KC, Allen BG, Buettner GR, Beardsley RA, Riley DP, Spitz DR. Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic GC4419 Enhances the Oxidation of Pharmacological Ascorbate and Its Anticancer Effects in an H₂O₂-Dependent Manner. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7010018. [PMID: 29351198 PMCID: PMC5789328 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, together with head and neck cancer, accounts for more than one-fourth of cancer deaths worldwide. New, non-toxic therapeutic approaches are needed. High-dose IV vitamin C (aka, pharmacological ascorbate; P-AscH−) represents a promising adjuvant to radiochemotherapy that exerts its anti-cancer effects via metal-catalyzed oxidation to form H2O2. Mn(III)-porphyrins possessing superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic activity have been shown to increase the rate of oxidation of AscH−, enhancing the anti-tumor effects of AscH− in several cancer types. The current study demonstrates that the Mn(II)-containing pentaazamacrocyclic selective SOD mimetic GC4419 may serve as an AscH−/O2•− oxidoreductase as evidenced by the increased rate of oxygen consumption, steady-state concentrations of ascorbate radical, and H2O2 production in complete cell culture media. GC4419, but not CuZnSOD, was shown to significantly enhance the toxicity of AscH− in H1299, SCC25, SQ20B, and Cal27 cancer cell lines. This enhanced cancer cell killing was dependent upon the catalytic activity of the SOD mimetic and the generation of H2O2, as determined using conditional overexpression of catalase in H1299T cells. GC4419 combined with AscH− was also capable of enhancing radiation-induced cancer cell killing. Currently, AscH− and GC4419 are each being tested separately in clinical trials in combination with radiation therapy. Data presented here support the hypothesis that the combination of GC4419 and AscH− may provide an effective means by which to further enhance radiation therapy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin D Heer
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Andrew B Davis
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - David B Riffe
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Kelly C Falls
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Bryan G Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | | | | | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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20
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Islam MT. Ascorbic acid: still controversial when used against cancer resistance? DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-017-0475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Ma E, Chen P, Wilkins HM, Wang T, Swerdlow RH, Chen Q. Pharmacologic ascorbate induces neuroblastoma cell death by hydrogen peroxide mediated DNA damage and reduction in cancer cell glycolysis. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:36-47. [PMID: 28916476 PMCID: PMC5856454 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An ascorbate-mediated production of oxidative stress has been shown to retard tumor growth. Subsequent glycolysis inhibition has been suggested. Here, we further define the mechanisms relevant to this observation. Ascorbate was cytotoxic to human neuroblastoma cells through the production of H2O2, which led to ATP depletion, inhibited GAPDH, and non-apoptotic and non-autophagic cell death. The mechanism of cytotoxicity is different when PARP-dependent DNA repair machinery is active or inhibited. Ascorbate-generated H2O2 damaged DNA, activated PARP, depleted NAD+, and reduced glycolysis flux. NAD+ supplementation prevented ATP depletion and cell death, while treatment with a PARP inhibitor, olaparib, preserved NAD+ and ATP levels but led to increased DNA double-strand breakage and did not prevent ascorbate-induced cell death. These data indicate that in cells with an intact PARP-associated DNA repair system, ascorbate-induced cell death is caused by NAD+ and ATP depletion, while in the absence of PARP activation ascorbate-induced cell death still occurs but is a consequence of ROS-induced DNA damage. In a mouse xenograft model, intraperitoneal ascorbate inhibited neuroblastoma tumor growth and prolonged survival. Collectively, these data suggest that ascorbate could be effective in the treatment of glycolysis-dependent tumors. Also, in cancers that use alternative energy metabolism pathways, combining a PARP inhibitor with ascorbate treatment could be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enlong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA
| | - Heather M Wilkins
- Kansas University Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- Kansas University Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA.
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22
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Mastrangelo D, Pelosi E, Castelli G, Lo-Coco F, Testa U. Mechanisms of anti-cancer effects of ascorbate: Cytotoxic activity and epigenetic modulation. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2017; 69:57-64. [PMID: 28954710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C (Vit C or Ascorbate) is essential for many fundamental biochemical processes. Vit C is an essential nutrient with redox functions at normal physiologic concentrations. The main physiologic function of this vitamin is related to its capacity to act as a co-factor for a large family of enzymes, collectively known as Fe and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. It also modulates epigenetic gene expression through the control of TET enzymes activity. Vit C also has several biological properties allowing to restore the deregulated epigenetic response observed in many tumors. High-dose Vit C has been investigated as a treatment for cancer patients since the 1969. Pharmacologic ascorbate acts as a pro-drug for hydrogen peroxide formation (H2O2) and, through this mechanism, kills cancer cells. To achieve high in vivo concentrations, Ascorbate must be injected by i.v. route. Initial clinical studies of Ascorbate cancer treatment have provided encouraging results, not confirmed in subsequent studies. Recent clinical studies using i.v. injection of high-dose Ascorbate have renewed the interest in the field, showing that significant anti-tumor activity. Pre-clinical studies have led to identify tumors sensitive to Ascorbate that could potentially benefit from this treatment either through an epigenetic modulator effect or through tumor killing by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Mastrangelo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Polo Scientifico San Miniato, Siena, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Lo-Coco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S., Via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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23
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Wilkes JG, Alexander MS, Cullen JJ. Superoxide Dismutases in Pancreatic Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6030066. [PMID: 28825637 PMCID: PMC5618094 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatic cancer is increasing as the population ages but treatment advancements continue to lag far behind. The majority of pancreatic cancer patients have a K-ras oncogene mutation causing a shift in the redox state of the cell, favoring malignant proliferation. This mutation is believed to lead to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation and superoxide overproduction, generating tumorigenic behavior. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) have been studied for their ability to manage the oxidative state of the cell by dismuting superoxide and inhibiting signals for pancreatic cancer growth. In particular, manganese superoxide dismutase has clearly shown importance in cell cycle regulation and has been found to be abnormally low in pancreatic cancer cells as well as the surrounding stromal tissue. Likewise, extracellular superoxide dismutase expression seems to favor suppression of pancreatic cancer growth. With an increased understanding of the redox behavior of pancreatic cancer and key regulators, new treatments are being developed with specific targets in mind. This review summarizes what is known about superoxide dismutases in pancreatic cancer and the most current treatment strategies to be advanced from this knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin G. Wilkes
- Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA; (J.G.W.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Matthew S. Alexander
- Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA; (J.G.W.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Joseph J. Cullen
- Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA; (J.G.W.); (M.S.A.)
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-319-353-8297; Fax: +1-319-356-8378
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Erudaitius D, Huang A, Kazmi S, Buettner GR, Rodgers VGJ. Peroxiporin Expression Is an Important Factor for Cancer Cell Susceptibility to Therapeutic H2O2: Implications for Pharmacological Ascorbate Therapy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170442. [PMID: 28107421 PMCID: PMC5249139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell toxicity to therapeutic H2O2 varies widely depending on cell type. Interestingly, it has been observed that different cancer cell types have varying peroxiporin expression. We hypothesize that variation in peroxiporin expression can alter cell susceptibility to therapeutic H2O2 concentrations. Here, we silence peroxiporin aquaporin-3 (AQP3) on the pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2 and compare clonogenic survival response to the wild-type. The results showed a significantly higher surviving fraction in the clonogenic response for siAQP3 MIA PaCa-2 cells at therapeutic H2O2 doses (P < 0.05). These results suggest that peroxiporin expression is significant in modulating the susceptibility of cancer cells to ascorbate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieanira Erudaitius
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah Kazmi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Garry R. Buettner
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Victor G. J. Rodgers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
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Doskey CM, Buranasudja V, Wagner BA, Wilkes JG, Du J, Cullen JJ, Buettner GR. Tumor cells have decreased ability to metabolize H 2O 2: Implications for pharmacological ascorbate in cancer therapy. Redox Biol 2016; 10:274-284. [PMID: 27833040 PMCID: PMC5106370 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate (AscH−) functions as a versatile reducing agent. At pharmacological doses (P-AscH−; [plasma AscH−] ≥≈20 mM), achievable through intravenous delivery, oxidation of P-AscH− can produce a high flux of H2O2 in tumors. Catalase is the major enzyme for detoxifying high concentrations of H2O2. We hypothesize that sensitivity of tumor cells to P-AscH− compared to normal cells is due to their lower capacity to metabolize H2O2. Rate constants for removal of H2O2 (kcell) and catalase activities were determined for 15 tumor and 10 normal cell lines of various tissue types. A differential in the capacity of cells to remove H2O2 was revealed, with the average kcell for normal cells being twice that of tumor cells. The ED50 (50% clonogenic survival) of P-AscH− correlated directly with kcell and catalase activity. Catalase activity could present a promising indicator of which tumors may respond to P-AscH−. Ascorbate oxidizes in cell culture medium to generate a flux of H2O2. The rate constants for removal of extracellular H2O2 are on average 2-fold higher in normal cells than in cancer cells. The ED50 of high-dose ascorbate correlated with the ability of tumor cells to remove extracellular H2O2. The response to pharmacological ascorbate in murine-models of pancreatic cancer paralleled the in vitro results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Doskey
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Visarut Buranasudja
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program in the Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Justin G Wilkes
- Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Joseph J Cullen
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program in the Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program in the Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Cieslak JA, Sibenaller ZA, Walsh SA, Boles Ponto LL, Du J, Sunderland JJ, Cullen JJ. Fluorine-18-Labeled Thymidine Positron Emission Tomography (FLT-PET) as an Index of Cell Proliferation after Pharmacological Ascorbate-Based Therapy. Radiat Res 2016; 185:31-8. [PMID: 26720803 PMCID: PMC4720529 DOI: 10.1667/rr14203.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological ascorbate (AscH(-)) induces cytotoxicity and oxidative stress selectively in pancreatic cancer cells compared with normal cells. Positron emission tomography (PET) with the thymidine analog 3'-deoxy-3'-((18)F) fluorothymidine (FLT) enables noninvasive imaging and quantification of the proliferation fraction of tumors. We hypothesized that the rate of tumor proliferation determined by FLT-PET imaging, would be inversely proportional to tumor susceptibility to pharmacological AscH(-)-based treatments. Indeed, there was decreased FLT uptake in human pancreatic cancer cells treated with AscH(-) in vitro, and this effect was abrogated by co-treatment with catalase. In separate experiments, cells were treated with AscH(-), ionizing radiation or a combination of both. These studies demonstrated that combined AscH(-) and radiation treatment resulted in a significant decrease in FLT uptake that directly correlated with decreased clonogenic survival. MicroPET (18)F-FLT scans of mice with pre-established tumors demonstrated that AscH(-) treatment induced radiosensitization compared to radiation treatment alone. These data support testing of pharmacological ascorbate as a radiosensitizer in pancreatic cancer as well as the use of FLT-PET to monitor response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Cieslak
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Zita A. Sibenaller
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology
| | - Susan A. Walsh
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology
- Department of Small Animal Imaging Core, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Laura L. Boles Ponto
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Small Animal Imaging Core, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Juan Du
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology
| | - John J. Sunderland
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joseph J. Cullen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, Iowa
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
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Mn Porphyrin-Based Redox-Active Therapeutics. OXIDATIVE STRESS IN APPLIED BASIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30705-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Tovmasyan A, Sampaio RS, Boss MK, Bueno-Janice JC, Bader BH, Thomas M, Reboucas JS, Orr M, Chandler JD, Go YM, Jones DP, Venkatraman TN, Haberle S, Kyui N, Lascola CD, Dewhirst MW, Spasojevic I, Benov L, Batinic-Haberle I. Anticancer therapeutic potential of Mn porphyrin/ascorbate system. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:1231-47. [PMID: 26496207 PMCID: PMC4684782 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.10.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate (Asc) as a single agent suppressed growth of several tumor cell lines in a mouse model. It has been tested in a Phase I Clinical Trial on pancreatic cancer patients where it exhibited no toxicity to normal tissue yet was of only marginal efficacy. The mechanism of its anticancer effect was attributed to the production of tumoricidal hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during ascorbate oxidation catalyzed by endogenous metalloproteins. The amount of H2O2 could be maximized with exogenous catalyst that has optimized properties for such function and is localized within tumor. Herein we studied 14 Mn porphyrins (MnPs) which differ vastly with regards to their redox properties, charge, size/bulkiness and lipophilicity. Such properties affect the in vitro and in vivo ability of MnPs (i) to catalyze ascorbate oxidation resulting in the production of H2O2; (ii) to subsequently employ H2O2 in the catalysis of signaling proteins oxidations affecting cellular survival pathways; and (iii) to accumulate at site(s) of interest. The metal-centered reduction potential of MnPs studied, E1/2 of Mn(III)P/Mn(II)P redox couple, ranged from -200 to +350 mV vs NHE. Anionic and cationic, hydrophilic and lipophilic as well as short- and long-chained and bulky compounds were explored. Their ability to catalyze ascorbate oxidation, and in turn cytotoxic H2O2 production, was explored via spectrophotometric and electrochemical means. Bell-shape structure-activity relationship (SAR) was found between the initial rate for the catalysis of ascorbate oxidation, vo(Asc)ox and E1/2, identifying cationic Mn(III) N-substituted pyridylporphyrins with E1/2>0 mV vs NHE as efficient catalysts for ascorbate oxidation. The anticancer potential of MnPs/Asc system was subsequently tested in cellular (human MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and mouse 4T1) and animal models of breast cancer. At the concentrations where ascorbate (1mM) and MnPs (1 or 5 µM) alone did not trigger any alteration in cell viability, combined treatment suppressed cell viability up to 95%. No toxicity was observed with normal human breast epithelial HBL-100 cells. Bell-shape relationship, essentially identical to vo(Asc)oxvs E1/2, was also demonstrated between MnP/Asc-controlled cytotoxicity and E1/2-controlled vo(Asc)ox. Magnetic resonance imaging studies were conducted to explore the impact of ascorbate on T1-relaxivity. The impact of MnP/Asc on intracellular thiols and on GSH/GSSG and Cys/CySS ratios in 4T1 cells was assessed and cellular reduction potentials were calculated. The data indicate a significant increase in cellular oxidative stress induced by MnP/Asc. Based on vo(Asc)oxvs E1/2 relationships and cellular toxicity, MnTE-2-PyP(5+) was identified as the best catalyst among MnPs studied. Asc and MnTE-2-PyP(5+) were thus tested in a 4T1 mammary mouse flank tumor model. The combination of ascorbate (4 g/kg) and MnTE-2-PyP(5+) (0.2mg/kg) showed significant suppression of tumor growth relative to either MnTE-2-PyP(5+) or ascorbate alone. About 7-fold higher accumulation of MnTE-2-PyP(5+) in tumor vs normal tissue was found to contribute largely to the anticancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Romulo S Sampaio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Departamento de Quimica, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Mary-Keara Boss
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
| | - Jacqueline C Bueno-Janice
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Departamento de Quimica, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Bader H Bader
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Milini Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Julio S Reboucas
- Departamento de Quimica, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Michael Orr
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Joshua D Chandler
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Sinisa Haberle
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Natalia Kyui
- Canadian Economic Analysis Department, Bank of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0G9, Canada
| | - Christopher D Lascola
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Mark W Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Duke Cancer Institute, Pharmaceutical Research Shared Resource, PK/PD Core laboratory, Durham NC 27710, United States
| | - Ludmil Benov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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29
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Zhang B, Chu W, Wei P, Liu Y, Wei T. Xanthohumol induces generation of reactive oxygen species and triggers apoptosis through inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer chain complex I. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:486-97. [PMID: 26453927 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Xanthohumol is a prenylflavonoid extracted from hops (Humulus lupulus). It possesses anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo, and offers therapeutic benefits for treatment of metabolic syndromes. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its pharmacological effects remain to be elucidated, together with its cellular target. Here, we provide evidence that xanthohumol directly interacts with the mitochondrial electron transfer chain complex I (NADH dehydrogenase), inhibits the oxidative phosphorylation, triggers the production of reactive oxygen species, and induces apoptosis. In addition, we show that as a result of the inhibition of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, xanthohumol exposure causes a rapid decrease of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Furthermore, we showed that xanthohumol up-regulates the glycolytic capacity in cells, and thus compensates cellular ATP generation. Dissection of the multiple steps of aerobic respiration by extracellular flux assays revealed that xanthohumol specifically inhibits the activity of mitochondrial complex I, but had little effect on that of complex II, III and IV. Inhibition of complex I by xanthohumol caused the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which are responsible for the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. We also found that isoxanthohumol, the structural isomer of xanthohumol, is inactive to cells, suggesting that the reactive 2-hydroxyl group of xanthohumol is crucial for its targeting to the mitochondrial complex I. Together, the remodeling of cell metabolism revealed here has therapeutic potential for the use of xanthohumol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Chu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Wei
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Taotao Wei
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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