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Hashida M, Steelman AJ, Erdman JW. α-Tocopherol Depletion Exacerbates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Reduction of Grip Strength. J Nutr 2024; 154:498-504. [PMID: 38141774 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Tocopherol (αT) deficiency causes several neurologic disorders, such as spinocerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, and myopathy. Furthermore, decreased antibody production, impaired ex vivo T cell function, and elevated cytokine production are observed in humans and mice with αT deficiency. Although modeling αT deficiency in animals is challenging, αT depletion can be more readily achieved in α-tocopherol transfer protein-null (Ttpa-/-) mice than wild-type (WT) mice. Thus, the Ttpa-/- mouse model is a useful tool for studying metabolic consequences of low αT status. Optimizing this mouse model and selecting the reliable indicators/markers of deficiency are still needed. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess whether αT depletion alters lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in the brain and/or grip strength used as a proxy for fatigue. METHODS WT and Ttpa-/- weanling littermates (n = 37-40/genotype) were fed an αT deficient diet ad libitum for 9 wk. Mice were then injected with LPS (10 μg/mouse) or saline (control) intraperitoneally and killed 4 h later. Concentrations of αT in diet and tissues were measured via high-pressure liquid chromatography. Grip strength was evaluated via a grip strength meter apparatus 2 d before and 3.5 h after LPS injection. Cerebellar and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS αT concentrations in the liver, heart, and adipose tissue of WT mice were higher than Ttpa-/- mice. Although αT was detected in the brain, muscle, and serum of WT mice, it was undetectable in these tissues of Ttpa-/- mice. Cerebellar and serum concentrations of IL-6 were increased in LPS-treated groups but were not significantly affected by genotype. Grip strength was reduced in LPS-treated groups, an effect that was more pronounced in Ttpa-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Systemic LPS administration caused an acute inflammatory response with a concomitant decline in grip strength, especially in Ttpa-/- mice. αT depletion appears to exacerbate reductions in grip strength brought on by systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Hashida
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Andrew J Steelman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - John W Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
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Donnelly CG, Finno CJ. Vitamin E depletion is associated with subclinical axonal degeneration in juvenile horses. Equine Vet J 2023; 55:884-890. [PMID: 36516303 PMCID: PMC10264549 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorylated neurofilament heavy, a marker of neuroaxonal damage, is increased in horses with equine neuroaxonal dystrophy. However, the temporal dynamics of this biomarker during the post-natal risk period are not understood. OBJECTIVE To measure serum and cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated neurofilament heavy concentrations in juvenile foals across the post-natal window of susceptibility for equine neuroaxonal dystrophy. STUDY DESIGN Case-control in vivo experimental study. METHODS Concentrations of phosphorylated neurofilament heavy were measured using frozen serum and cerebrospinal fluid collected from 13 foals raised in a vitamin E deficient environment from 1 to 6 months of age. Four of these foals were produced by equine neuroaxonal dystrophy-affected dams, developed clinical signs consistent with equine neuroaxonal dystrophy and had a diagnosis confirmed by histopathology. The remaining nine foals, produced by healthy mares, were vitamin E depleted and remained clinically healthy. An additional cohort of foals, produced by healthy mares, were supplemented with vitamin E (α-tocopherol; α-TOH) from birth and sampled similarly. RESULTS Serum α-TOH concentrations were significantly higher in vitamin E supplemented healthy foals. Serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy concentrations did not differ significantly between groups at any time point. Cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated neurofilament heavy concentrations increased with age in healthy vitamin E depleted foals (p < 0.001); an effect that was not observed in healthy vitamin E supplemented foals. MAIN LIMITATIONS A genetically susceptible cohort supplemented with vitamin E was not available for comparison. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that vitamin E depletion may elevate cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated neurofilament heavy in otherwise healthy juvenile foals by 6 months of age. We highlight an important cofactor to consider when interpreting cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated neurofilament heavy concentrations in juvenile horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum G. Donnelly
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Carrie J. Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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3
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Traber MG, Cross C. Alpha-Tocopherol from people to plants is an essential cog in the metabolic machinery. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:775-791. [PMID: 36793193 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Protection from oxygen, a di-radical, became a necessity with the evolution of photosynthetic organisms about 2.7 billion years. α-Tocopherol plays an essential role in organisms from plants to people. An overview of human conditions that result in severe vitamin E (α-tocopherol) deficiency is provided. RECENT ADVANCES α-Tocopherol has a critical role in the oxygen protection system by stopping lipid peroxidation, its induced damage and cellular death by ferroptosis. Recent findings in bacteria and plants support the concept of why lipid peroxidation is so dangerous to life and why the family of tocochromanols are essential for aerobic organisms and for plants. CRITICAL ISSUES The hypothesis that prevention of the propagation of lipid peroxidation is the basis for the α-tocopherol requirement in vertebrates is proposed and further that its absence dysregulates energy metabolism, one-carbon metabolism and thiol homeostasis. By recruiting intermediate metabolites from adjacent pathways to sustain effective lipid hydroperoxide elimination, α-tocopherol function is linked not only to NADPH metabolism and its formation through the pentose phosphate pathway via glucose metabolism, but also to sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism, and to one-carbon metabolism. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Evidence from humans, animals and plants support the hypothesis but future studies are needed to assess the genetic sensors that detect lipid peroxidation and cause the ensuing metabolic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maret G Traber
- Oregon State University, 2694, Linus Pauling Institute, 307 LPSC, Corvallis, Oregon, United States, 97331-4501;
| | - Carroll Cross
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, 12218, Sacramento, California, United States;
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Hashida M, Ranard KM, Steelman AJ, Erdman JW. α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein-Null Mice with Very Low α-Tocopherol Status Do Not Have an Enhanced Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Inflammatory Response. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100017. [PMID: 37181122 PMCID: PMC10100938 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2022.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The α-tocopherol transfer protein-null (Ttpa-/-) mouse model is a valuable tool for studying the molecular and functional consequences of vitamin E (α-tocopherol, αT) deficiency. Because αT has been associated with reduced oxidative stress and improved immune function, we hypothesized that depleted αT concentration would exacerbate LPS-induced acute inflammatory response in the brain and heart of Ttpa-/- mice fed a vitamin E deficient (VED) diet. Objectives The objective was to investigate how extremely low αT status, followed by exposure to LPS, altered the acute inflammatory response to LPS in Ttpa-/- and wild-type (Ttpa+/+) mice. Methods Three-week-old male Ttpa+/+ and Ttpa-/- littermates (n = 36/genotype) ingested a VED diet ad libitum for 4 wk. At week 7, mice received an intraperitoneal LPS (1 or 10 μg/mouse) or saline (control) injection and were killed 4 h postinjection. Brain and heart IL-6 protein concentrations and tissue and serum αT concentrations were measured via ELISA and HPLC with photodiode array detection, respectively. Hippocampal Il-6, Tnf, and Gpx1 gene expression were measured via reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and blood immune cell profiles were measured via a hematology analyzer. Results αT accumulation in analyzed tissues and serum of Ttpa-/- mice was substantially lower than Ttpa+/+ mice. Circulating white blood cell concentration, particularly lymphocytes, were lower in all LPS groups compared with controls (P < 0.01). The 10 μg LPS groups had elevated IL-6 in the cerebellum and heart compared with controls, confirming an acute inflammatory response (P < 0.01). Hippocampal and heart Il-6 gene expression in the LPS-treated Ttpa-/- mice was upregulated in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Conclusions The 10 μg LPS dose enhanced inflammatory markers in the brain, heart, and serum in each genotype but the lower αT status in Ttpa-/- mice did not further impact the acute immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Hashida
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Katherine M. Ranard
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrew J. Steelman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - John W. Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Ulatowski L, Ghelfi M, West R, Atkinson J, Finno CJ, Manor D. The tocopherol transfer protein TTP mediates Vitamin Vitamin E trafficking between cerebellar astrocytes and neurons. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101712. [PMID: 35150738 PMCID: PMC8913317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) is an essential nutrient that functions as a major lipid-soluble antioxidant in humans. The tocopherol transfer protein (TTP) binds α-tocopherol with high affinity and selectivity and regulates whole-body distribution of the vitamin. Heritable mutations in the TTPA gene result in familial vitamin E deficiency, elevated indices of oxidative stress, and progressive neurodegeneration that manifest primarily in spinocerebellar ataxia. Although the essential role of vitamin E in neurological health has been recognized for over 50 years, the mechanisms by which this essential nutrient is transported in the central nervous system are poorly understood. Here we found that, in the murine cerebellum, TTP is selectively expressed in GFAP-positive astrocytes, where it facilitates efflux of vitamin E to neighboring neurons. We also show that induction of oxidative stress enhances the transcription of the TtpA gene in cultured cerebellar astrocytes. Furthermore, secretion of vitamin E from astrocytes is mediated by an ABC-type transporter, and uptake of the vitamin into neurons involves the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) receptor. Taken together, our data indicate that TTP-expressing astrocytes control the delivery of vitamin E from astrocytes to neurons, and that this process is homeostatically responsive to oxidative stress. These are the first observations that address the detailed molecular mechanisms of vitamin E transport in the central nervous system, and these results have important implications for understanding the molecular underpinnings of oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ulatowski
- Department of Biology, Ursuline College, Pepper Pike, OH 44124
| | - Mikel Ghelfi
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Ryan West
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - J Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - C J Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616
| | - D Manor
- Departments of Nutrition and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106; Case Western Reserve University and the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106.
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Head B, Traber MG. Expanding role of vitamin E in protection against metabolic dysregulation: Insights gained from model systems, especially the developing nervous system of zebrafish embryos. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:80-91. [PMID: 34555455 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses why the embryo requires vitamin E (VitE) and shows that its lack causes metabolic dysregulation and impacts morphological changes at very early stages in development, which occur prior to when a woman knows she is pregnant. VitE halts the chain reactions of lipid peroxidation (LPO). Metabolomic analyses indicate that thiols become depleted in E- embryos because LPO generates products that require compensation using limited amino acids and methyl donors that are also developmentally relevant. Thus, VitE protects metabolic networks and the integrated gene expression networks that control development. VitE is critical especially for neurodevelopment, which is dependent on trafficking by the α-tocopherol transfer protein (TTPa). VitE-deficient (E-) zebrafish embryos initially appear normal, but by 12 and 24 h post-fertilization (hpf) E- embryos are developmentally abnormal with expression of pax2a and sox10 mis-localized in the midbrain-hindbrain boundary, neural crest cells and throughout the spinal neurons. These patterning defects indicate cells that are especially in need of VitE-protection. They precede obvious morphological abnormalities (cranial-facial malformation, pericardial edema, yolksac edema, skewed body-axis) and impaired behavioral responses to locomotor activity tests. The TTPA gene (ttpa) is expressed at the leading edges of the brain ventricle border. Ttpa knockdown using morpholinos is 100% lethal by 24 hpf, while E- embryo brains are often over- or under-inflated at 24 hpf. Further, E- embryos prior to 24 hpf have increased expression of genes involved in glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, and decreased expression of genes involved in anabolic pathways and transcription. Combined data from both gene expression and the metabolome in E- embryos at 24 hpf suggest that the activity of the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is decreased, which may impact both metabolism and neurodevelopment. Further evaluation of VitE deficiency in neurogenesis and its subsequent impact on learning and behavior is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Head
- Linus Pauling Institute, Corvallis, OR, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Corvallis, OR, USA; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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Enjoy Carefully: The Multifaceted Role of Vitamin E in Neuro-Nutrition. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810087. [PMID: 34576251 PMCID: PMC8466828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is often associated with health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-lowering effects. These properties make its supplementation a suitable therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative disorders, for example, Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease. However, trials evaluating the effects of vitamin E supplementation are inconsistent. In randomized controlled trials, the observed associations often cannot be substantiated. This could be due to the wide variety of study designs regarding the dosage and duration of vitamin E supplementation. Furthermore, genetic variants can influence vitamin E uptake and/or metabolism, thereby distorting its overall effect. Recent studies also show adverse effects of vitamin E supplementation regarding Alzheimer’s disease due to the increased synthesis of amyloid β. These diverse effects may underline the inhomogeneous outcomes associated with its supplementation and argue for a more thoughtful usage of vitamin E. Specifically, the genetic and nutritional profile should be taken into consideration to identify suitable candidates who will benefit from supplementation. In this review, we will provide an overview of the current knowledge of vitamin E supplementation in neurodegenerative disease and give an outlook on individualized, sustainable neuro-nutrition, with a focus on vitamin E supplementation.
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8
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Jeon S, Li Q, Ranard KM, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV, Kuchan MJ, Erdman JW. Spatiotemporal biodistribution of α-tocopherol is impacted by the source of 13C-labeled α-tocopherol in mice following a single oral dose. Nutr Res 2021; 93:79-86. [PMID: 34428718 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural (RRR-) α-tocopherol (αT) is more bioactive than synthetic (all racemic, all rac-) αT, but not enough is known about the tissue kinetics of the 2 αT sources. We examined the time-course bioaccumulation of natural versus synthetic αT in tissues of young, marginally vitamin E-deficient mice using 13C-RRR-αT or 13C-all rac-αT tracers. In experiment 1, 3-week old male wild-type mice were fed a vitamin E-deficient diet for 0, 1, 2, or 3 weeks (n = 5/time point). Tissue αT levels were analyzed by HPLC-PDA. Feeding a vitamin E-deficient diet for up to 3 weeks decreased total αT concentrations in all analyzed tissues except the brain, which maintained its αT level. In experiment 2, a 2-week αT-depletion period was followed by administration of a single oral dose of 0.5 mg of 13C-RRR-αT or 13C-all rac-αT. At 12 hr, 1, 2, and 4 days post-dose, serum and multiple tissues were collected (n = 3/time point). αT was quantified by HPLC-PDA, and 13C-αT enrichment was determined by LC-MS. Both sources of 13C-αT reached maximum serum levels at 12 hr post-dose. 13C-RRR-αT levels were significantly higher than 13C-all rac-αT in serum at 1 d post-dose, and in heart, lungs, and kidney at 2d post-dose. In brain, 13C-RRR-αT concentrations were significantly higher than 13C-all rac-αT at 2 and 4 d post-dose. At 4 d post-dose, 13C-αT levels were similar between the 2 sources in examined tissues except for brain and adipose tissue where 13C-RRR-αT was higher. In conclusion, αT bioaccumulation over time varied substantially depending on αT source and tissue type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sookyoung Jeon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Qiyao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois; The Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Katherine M Ranard
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Stanislav S Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois; The Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois; The Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | | | - John W Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois; The Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois.
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RedEfish: Generation of the Polycistronic mScarlet: GSG-T2A: Ttpa Zebrafish Line. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060965. [PMID: 34208660 PMCID: PMC8235169 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitamin E regulatory protein, the alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (Ttpa), is necessary for zebrafish embryo development. To evaluate zebrafish embryo Ttpa function, we generated a fluorescent-tagged zebrafish transgenic line using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. One-cell stage embryos (from Casper (colorless) zebrafish adults) were injected the mScarlet coding sequence in combination with cas9 protein complexed to single guide RNA molecule targeting 5′ of the ttpa genomic region. Embryos were genotyped for proper insertion of the mScarlet coding sequence, raised to adulthood and successively in-crossed to produce the homozygote RedEfish (mScarlet: GSG-T2A: Ttpa). RedEfish were characterized by in vivo fluorescence detection at 1, 7 and 14 days post-fertilization (dpf). Fluorescent color was detectable in RedEfish embryos at 1 dpf; it was distributed throughout the developing brain, posterior tailbud and yolk sac. At 7 dpf, the RedEfish was identifiable by fluorescence in olfactory pits, gill arches, pectoral fins, posterior tail region and residual yolk sac. Subsequently (14 dpf), the mScarlet protein was found in olfactory pits, distributed throughout the digestive tract, along the lateral line and especially in caudal vertebrae. No adverse morphological outcomes or developmental delays were observed. The RedEfish will be a powerful model to study Ttpa function during embryo development.
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Ranard KM, Kuchan MJ, Juraska JM, Erdman JW. Natural and Synthetic α-Tocopherol Modulate the Neuroinflammatory Response in the Spinal Cord of Adult Ttpa-null Mice. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab008. [PMID: 33733036 PMCID: PMC7947595 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin E (α-tocopherol, α-T) deficiency causes neurological pathologies. α-T supplementation improves outcomes, but the relative bioactivities of dietary natural and synthetic α-T in neural tissues are unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim was to assess the effects of dietary α-T source and dose on oxidative stress and myelination in adult α-tocopherol transfer protein-null (Ttpa- / - ) mouse cerebellum and spinal cord. METHODS Three-week-old male Ttpa- / - mice (n = 56) were fed 1 of 4 AIN-93G-based diets for 37 wk: vitamin E-deficient (VED; below α-T limit of detection); natural α-T, 600 mg/kg diet (NAT); synthetic α-T, 816 mg/kg diet (SYN); or high synthetic α-T, 1200 mg/kg diet (HSYN). Male Ttpa+/+ littermates (n = 14) fed AIN-93G (75 mg synthetic α-T/kg diet; CON) served as controls. At 40 wk of age, total and stereoisomer α-T concentrations and oxidative stress markers were determined (n = 7/group). Cerebellar Purkinje neuron morphology and white matter areas in cerebellum and spinal cord were assessed in a second subset of animals (n = 7/group). RESULTS Cerebral cortex α-T concentrations were undetectable in Ttpa- / - mice fed the VED diet. α-T concentrations were increased in NAT (4.6 ± 0.3 nmol/g), SYN (8.0 ± 0.7 nmol/g), and HSYN (8.5 ± 0.3 nmol/g) mice, but were significantly lower than in Ttpa+/+ mice fed CON (27.8 ± 1.9 nmol/g) (P < 0.001). 2R stereoisomers constituted the majority of α-T in brains of Ttpa+/+ mice (91%) and Ttpa- / - mice fed NAT (100%), but were substantially lower in the SYN and HSYN groups (∼53%). Neuroinflammatory genes were increased in the spinal cord, but not cerebellum, of VED-fed animals; NAT, SYN, and HSYN normalized their expression. Cerebellar Purkinje neuron atrophy and myelin pathologies were not visible in Ttpa- / - mice. CONCLUSIONS Natural and synthetic α-T supplementation normalized neuroinflammatory markers in neural tissues of 10-mo-old Ttpa- / - mice. α-T prevents tissue-specific molecular abnormalities, which may prevent severe morphological changes during late adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Ranard
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | - Janice M Juraska
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - John W Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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11
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Vitamin E Deficiency Disrupts Gene Expression Networks during Zebrafish Development. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020468. [PMID: 33573233 PMCID: PMC7912379 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E (VitE) is essential for vertebrate embryogenesis, but the mechanisms involved remain unknown. To study embryonic development, we fed zebrafish adults (>55 days) either VitE sufficient (E+) or deficient (E–) diets for >80 days, then the fish were spawned to generate E+ and E– embryos. To evaluate the transcriptional basis of the metabolic and phenotypic outcomes, E+ and E– embryos at 12, 18 and 24 h post-fertilization (hpf) were subjected to gene expression profiling by RNASeq. Hierarchical clustering, over-representation analyses and gene set enrichment analyses were performed with differentially expressed genes. E– embryos experienced overall disruption to gene expression associated with gene transcription, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, intracellular signaling and the formation of embryonic structures. mTOR was apparently a major controller of these changes. Thus, embryonic VitE deficiency results in genetic and transcriptional dysregulation as early as 12 hpf, leading to metabolic dysfunction and ultimately lethal outcomes.
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12
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Ranard KM, Kuchan MJ, Erdman JW. Breeder Diet Strategies for Generating Ttpa-Null and Wild-Type Mice with Low Vitamin E Status to Assess Neurological Outcomes. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa155. [PMID: 33173842 PMCID: PMC7609157 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying vitamin E [α-tocopherol (α-T)] metabolism and function in the brain and other tissues requires an animal model with low α-T status, such as the transgenic α-T transfer protein (Ttpa)-null (Ttpa - / -) mouse model. Ttpa + / - dams can be used to produce Ttpa - / - and Ttpa+/+ mice for these studies. However, the α-T content in Ttpa + / - dams' diet requires optimization; diets must provide sufficient α-T for reproduction, while minimizing the transfer of α-T to the offspring destined for future studies that require low baseline α-T status. The goal of this work was to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of 2 breeding diet strategies on reproduction outcomes and offspring brain α-T concentrations. These findings will help standardize the breeding methodology used to generate the Ttpa - / - mice for neurological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Ranard
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - John W Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Ranard KM, Kuchan MJ, Bruno RS, Juraska JM, Erdman JW. Synthetic α-Tocopherol, Compared with Natural α-Tocopherol, Downregulates Myelin Genes in Cerebella of Adolescent Ttpa-null Mice. J Nutr 2020; 150:1031-1040. [PMID: 31883016 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin E (α-tocopherol; α-T) deficiency causes spinocerebellar ataxia. α-T supplementation improves neurological symptoms, but little is known about the differential bioactivities of natural versus synthetic α-T during early life. OBJECTIVE We assessed the effects of dietary α-T dose and source on tissue α-T accumulation and gene expression in adolescent α-tocopherol transfer protein-null (Ttpa-/-) mice. METHODS Three-week-old male Ttpa-/- mice (n = 7/group) were fed 1 of 4 AIN-93G-based diets for 4 wk: vitamin E deficient (VED; below α-T limit of detection); natural α-T, 600 mg/kg diet (NAT); synthetic α-T, 816 mg/kg diet (SYN); or high synthetic α-T, 1200 mg/kg diet (HSYN). Male Ttpa+/+ littermates fed AIN-93G [75 mg synthetic α-T (CON)] served as controls (n = 7). At 7 wk of age, tissue α-T concentrations and stereoisomer profiles were measured for all groups. RNA-sequencing was performed on cerebella of Ttpa-/- groups. RESULTS Ttpa-/- mice fed VED had undetectable brain α-T concentrations. Cerebral cortex α-T concentrations were greater in Ttpa-/- mice fed NAT (9.1 ± 0.7 nmol/g), SYN (10.8 ± 1.0 nmol/g), and HSYN (13.9 ± 1.6 nmol/g) compared with the VED group but were significantly lower than in Ttpa+/+ mice fed CON (24.6 ± 1.2 nmol/g) (P < 0.001). RRR-α-T was the predominant stereoisomer in brains of Ttpa+/+ mice (∼40%) and Ttpa-/- mice fed NAT (∼94%). α-T stereoisomer composition was similar in brains of Ttpa-/- mice fed SYN and HSYN (2R: ∼53%; 2S: ∼47%). Very few of the 16,774 genes measured were differentially expressed. However, compared with the NAT diet, HSYN significantly downregulated 20 myelin genes, including 2 transcription factors: SRY-box transcription factor 10 (Sox10) and myelin regulatory factor (Myrf), and several downstream target genes (false discovery rate <0.05). CONCLUSIONS High-dose synthetic α-T compared with natural α-T alters myelin gene expression in the adolescent mouse cerebellum, which could lead to morphological and functional abnormalities later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Ranard
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Janice M Juraska
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - John W Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Hales EN, Esparza C, Peng S, Dahlgren AR, Peterson JM, Miller AD, Finno CJ. Genome-Wide Association Study and Subsequent Exclusion of ATCAY as a Candidate Gene Involved in Equine Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Using Two Animal Models. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E82. [PMID: 31936863 PMCID: PMC7016928 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine neuroaxonal dystrophy/equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (eNAD/EDM) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology. Clinical signs of neurological deficits develop within the first year of life in vitamin E (vitE) deficient horses. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out using 670,000 SNP markers in 27 case and 42 control Quarter Horses. Two markers, encompassing a 2.5 Mb region on ECA7, were associated with the phenotype (p = 2.05 × 10-7 and 4.72 × 10-6). Within this region, caytaxin (ATCAY) was identified as a candidate gene due to its known role in Cayman Ataxia and ataxic/dystonic phenotypes in mouse models. Whole-genome sequence data in four eNAD/EDM and five unaffected horses identified 199 associated variants within the ECA7 region. MassARRAY® genotyping was performed on these variants within the GWAS population. The three variants within ATCAY were not concordant with the disease phenotype. No difference in expression or alternative splicing was identified using qRT-PCR in brainstem across the ATCAY transcript. Atcayji-hes mice were then used to conduct functional analysis in a second animal model. Histologic lesions were not identified in the central nervous system of Atcayji-hes mice. Additionally, supplementation of homozygous Atcayji-hes mice with 600 IU/day of dl-α-tocopheryl acetate (vitE) during gestation, lactation, and adulthood did not improve the phenotype. ATCAY has therefore been excluded as a candidate gene for eNAD/EDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N Hales
- Department of Population, Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.N.H.); (C.E.); (S.P.); (A.R.D.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Christina Esparza
- Department of Population, Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.N.H.); (C.E.); (S.P.); (A.R.D.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Sichong Peng
- Department of Population, Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.N.H.); (C.E.); (S.P.); (A.R.D.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Anna R Dahlgren
- Department of Population, Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.N.H.); (C.E.); (S.P.); (A.R.D.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Janel M Peterson
- Department of Population, Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.N.H.); (C.E.); (S.P.); (A.R.D.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Carrie J Finno
- Department of Population, Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.N.H.); (C.E.); (S.P.); (A.R.D.); (J.M.P.)
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15
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Finno CJ, Peterson J, Kang M, Park S, Bordbari MH, Durbin-Johnson B, Settles M, Perez-Flores MC, Lee JH, Yamoah EN. Single-Cell RNA-seq Reveals Profound Alterations in Mechanosensitive Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons with Vitamin E Deficiency. iScience 2019; 21:720-735. [PMID: 31733517 PMCID: PMC6864320 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ninety percent of Americans consume less than the estimated average requirements of dietary vitamin E (vitE). Severe vitE deficiency due to genetic mutations in the tocopherol transfer protein (TTPA) in humans results in ataxia with vitE deficiency (AVED), with proprioceptive deficits and somatosensory degeneration arising from dorsal root ganglia neurons (DRGNs). Single-cell RNA-sequencing of DRGNs was performed in Ttpa−/− mice, an established model of AVED. In stark contrast to expected changes in proprioceptive neurons, Ttpa−/− DRGNs showed marked upregulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ and K+ channels in mechanosensitive, tyrosine-hydroxylase positive (TH+) DRGNs. The ensuing significant conductance changes resulted in reduced excitability in mechanosensitive Ttpa−/− DRGNs. A highly supplemented vitE diet (600 mg dl-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg diet) prevented the cellular and molecular alterations and improved mechanosensation. VitE deficiency profoundly alters the molecular signature and functional properties of mechanosensitive TH+ DRGN, representing an intriguing shift of the prevailing paradigm from proprioception to mechanical sensation. vitE deficiency alters gene expression in DRGs Mechanosensitive TH+ DRG neurons are most affected K+ and Ca2+ current densities are increased in vitE-deficient TH+ DRG neurons High-dose vitE supplementation prevents the molecular phenotype
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Janel Peterson
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mincheol Kang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Seojin Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Matthew H Bordbari
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Blythe Durbin-Johnson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Matthew Settles
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Maria C Perez-Flores
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Jeong H Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Ebenezer N Yamoah
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Kim HK, Han SN. Vitamin E: Regulatory role on gene and protein expression and metabolomics profiles. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:442-455. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Kyeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon South Korea
| | - Sung Nim Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
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Finno CJ, Estell KE, Winfield L, Katzman S, Bordbari MH, Burns EN, Miller AD, Puschner B, Tran CK, Xu L. Lipid peroxidation biomarkers for evaluating oxidative stress in equine neuroaxonal dystrophy. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1740-1747. [PMID: 30133798 PMCID: PMC6189351 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine neuroaxonal dystrophy/equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (eNAD/EDM) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting genetically predisposed foals maintained on an α-tocopherol (α-TOH) deficient diet. Currently no antemortem diagnostic test for eNAD/EDM is available. HYPOTHESIS Because α-TOH deficiency is associated with increased lipid peroxidation, it was hypothesized that F2 -isoprostanes (F2 IsoP), F4 -neuroprostanes (F4 NP) and oxysterols derived from free radical oxidation would be increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neural tissue of eNAD/EDM affected horses and could serve as potential biomarkers for disease. ANIMALS Isoprostane Study A: 14 Quarter horse foals (10 healthy foals and 4 eNAD/EDM affected foals) at 1 and 6 months of age. Isoprostane Study B: 17 eNAD/EDM affected and 10 unaffected horses ≥ 1-4 years of age. Oxysterol study: eNAD/EDM affected (n = 14, serum; n = 11, CSF; n = 10, spinal cord [SC]) and unaffected horses 1-4 years of age (n = 12, serum; n = 10, CSF; n = 7, SC). PROCEDURES Cerebrospinal fluid [F2 IsoP] and [F4 NP] were assessed using gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Serum, CSF, and cervical SC [oxysterols] were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Results were compared with respective α-TOH concentrations. RESULTS Spinal cord [7-ketocholesterol], [7-hydroxycholesterol], and [7-keto-27-hydrocholesterol] were higher in eNAD/EDM horses whereas [24-ketocholesterol] was lower. No significant difference was found in CSF [F2 IsoP] and [F4 NP], serum [oxysterols] and CSF [oxysterols] between eNAD/EDM affected and unaffected horses. No correlation was found between [F2 IsoP], [F4 NP], or [oxysterols] and respective [α-TOH]. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE In the SC, targeted markers of cholesterol oxidation were significantly increased in horses with eNAD/EDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J. Finno
- Department of Population Health and ReproductionSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California‐DavisDavisCalifornia
| | - Krista E. Estell
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching HospitalSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California‐DavisDavisCalifornia
| | - Laramie Winfield
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching HospitalSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California‐DavisDavisCalifornia
| | - Scott Katzman
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching HospitalSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California‐DavisDavisCalifornia
| | - Matthew H. Bordbari
- Department of Population Health and ReproductionSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California‐DavisDavisCalifornia
| | - Erin N. Burns
- Department of Population Health and ReproductionSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California‐DavisDavisCalifornia
| | - Andrew D. Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic PathologyCornell University College of Veterinary MedicineIthacaNew York
| | - Birgit Puschner
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California‐DavisDavisCalifornia
| | - Cecilia K. Tran
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - Libin Xu
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
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