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Zhou Y, Liang P, Bi T, Tang B, Zhu X, Liu X, Wang H, Shen H, Sun Q, Yang S, Ren W. Angiotensin II depends on hippo/YAP signaling to reprogram angiogenesis and promote liver fibrosis. Cell Signal 2024; 123:111355. [PMID: 39173854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a chronic pathological process in which the abnormal proliferation of connective tissue is induced by various pathogenic factors. During the process of fibrosis, excessive angiogenesis is observed. Physiological angiogenesis has the potential to impede the progression of liver fibrosis through augmenting matrix metalloenzyme activity; however, pathological angiogenesis can exacerbate liver fibrosis by promoting collagen accumulation. Therefore, a key scientific research focus in the treatment of liver diseases is to search for the "on-off" mechanism that regulates angiogenesis from normal proliferation to pathological proliferation. In this study, we found that excessive angiogenesis appeared during the initial phase of hepatic fibrosis without mesenchymal characteristics. In addition, angiogenesis accompanied by significant endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) was observed in mice after the intraperitoneal injection of angiotensin II (Ang II). Interestingly, the changes in Yes-associated protein (YAP) activity in endothelial cells (ECs) can affect the regulation of angiogenesis by Ang II. The results of in vitro experiments revealed that the regulatory influence of Ang II on ECs was significantly attenuated upon suppression of YAP activity. Furthermore, the function of Ang II in regulating angiogenesis during fibrosis was investigated in liver-specific transgenic mice. The results revealed that Ang II gene deletion could restrain liver fibrosis and EndMT. Meanwhile, Ang II deletion downregulated the profibrotic YAP signaling pathway in ECs. The small molecule AT1R agonist olmesartan targeting Ang II-YAP signaling could also alleviate liver fibrosis. In conclusion, this study identified Ang II as a pivotal regulator of EndMT during the progression of liver fibrosis and evaluated the therapeutic effect of the Ang II-targeted drug olmesartan on liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhou
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Pan Liang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 853, China
| | - Tao Bi
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hong Wang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hongping Shen
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qin Sun
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Sijin Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 853, China.
| | - Wei Ren
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Horn P, Tacke F. Metabolic reprogramming in liver fibrosis. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1439-1455. [PMID: 38823393 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases, primarily metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), harmful use of alcohol, or viral hepatitis, may result in liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer. Hepatic fibrogenesis is a complex process with interactions between different resident and non-resident heterogeneous liver cell populations, ultimately leading to deposition of extracellular matrix and organ failure. Shifts in cell phenotypes and functions involve pronounced transcriptional and protein synthesis changes that require metabolic adaptations in cellular substrate metabolism, including glucose and lipid metabolism, resembling changes associated with the Warburg effect in cancer cells. Cell activation and metabolic changes are regulated by metabolic stress responses, including the unfolded protein response, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, ferroptosis, and nuclear receptor signaling. These metabolic adaptations are crucial for inflammatory and fibrogenic activation of macrophages, lymphoid cells, and hepatic stellate cells. Modulation of these pathways, therefore, offers opportunities for novel therapeutic approaches to halt or even reverse liver fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Horn
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Digital Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
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Cortés A, Marqués J, Pejenaute Á, Ainzúa E, Ansorena E, Abizanda G, Prósper F, de Miguel C, Zalba G. Endothelial NOX5 overexpression induces changes in the cardiac gene profile: potential impact in myocardial infarction? J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:787-797. [PMID: 37566320 PMCID: PMC10635946 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00975-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and the ischemic heart disease specifically constitute the main cause of death worldwide. The ischemic heart disease may lead to myocardial infarction, which in turn triggers numerous mechanisms and pathways involved in cardiac repair and remodeling. Our goal in the present study was to characterize the effect of the NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) endothelial expression in healthy and infarcted knock-in mice on diverse signaling pathways. The mechanisms studied in the heart of mice were the redox pathway, metalloproteinases and collagen pathway, signaling factors such as NFκB, AKT or Bcl-2, and adhesion molecules among others. Recent studies support that NOX5 expression in animal models can modify the environment and predisposes organ response to harmful stimuli prior to pathological processes. We found many alterations in the mRNA expression of components involved in cardiac fibrosis as collagen type I or TGF-β and in key players of cardiac apoptosis such as AKT, Bcl-2, or p53. In the heart of NOX5-expressing mice after chronic myocardial infarction, gene alterations were predominant in the redox pathway (NOX2, NOX4, p22phox, or SOD1), but we also found alterations in VCAM-1 and β-MHC expression. Our results suggest that NOX5 endothelial expression in mice preconditions the heart, and we propose that NOX5 has a cardioprotective role. The correlation studies performed between echocardiographic parameters and cardiac mRNA expression supported NOX5 protective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Cortés
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Marqués
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Pejenaute
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Ainzúa
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ansorena
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gloria Abizanda
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos de Miguel
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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Allameh A, Niayesh-Mehr R, Aliarab A, Sebastiani G, Pantopoulos K. Oxidative Stress in Liver Pathophysiology and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1653. [PMID: 37759956 PMCID: PMC10525124 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is an organ that is particularly exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which not only arise during metabolic functions but also during the biotransformation of xenobiotics. The disruption of redox balance causes oxidative stress, which affects liver function, modulates inflammatory pathways and contributes to disease. Thus, oxidative stress is implicated in acute liver injury and in the pathogenesis of prevalent infectious or metabolic chronic liver diseases such as viral hepatitis B or C, alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Moreover, oxidative stress plays a crucial role in liver disease progression to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, we provide an overview on the effects of oxidative stress on liver pathophysiology and the mechanisms by which oxidative stress promotes liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolamir Allameh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran; (A.A.); (R.N.-M.); (A.A.)
| | - Reyhaneh Niayesh-Mehr
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran; (A.A.); (R.N.-M.); (A.A.)
| | - Azadeh Aliarab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran; (A.A.); (R.N.-M.); (A.A.)
| | - Giada Sebastiani
- Chronic Viral Illness Services, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
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5
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Blas-García A, Apostolova N. Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Liver Fibrosis Based on Targeting Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1567. [PMID: 37627562 PMCID: PMC10451738 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) constitutes a growing global health issue, with no effective treatments currently available. Oxidative stress closely interacts with other cellular and molecular processes to trigger stress pathways in different hepatic cells and fuel the development of liver fibrosis. Therefore, inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated effects and modulation of major antioxidant responses to counteract oxidative stress-induced damage have emerged as interesting targets to prevent or ameliorate liver injury. Although many preclinical studies have shown that dietary supplements with antioxidant properties can significantly prevent CLD progression in animal models, this strategy has not proved effective to significantly reduce fibrosis when translated into clinical trials. Novel and more specific therapeutic approaches are thus required to alleviate oxidative stress and reduce liver fibrosis. We have reviewed the relevant literature concerning the crucial role of alterations in redox homeostasis in different hepatic cell types during the progression of CLD and discussed current pharmacological approaches to ameliorate fibrosis by reducing oxidative stress focusing on selective modulation of enzymatic oxidant sources, antioxidant systems and ROS-mediated pathogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Blas-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- FISABIO (Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana), Av. de Catalunya, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERehd (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- FISABIO (Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana), Av. de Catalunya, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERehd (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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6
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Structure, regulation, and physiological functions of NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5). J Physiol Biochem 2023:10.1007/s13105-023-00955-3. [PMID: 36905456 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
NOX5 is the last member of the NADPH oxidase (NOXs) family to be identified and presents some specific characteristics differing from the rest of the NOXs. It contains four Ca2+ binding domains at the N-terminus and its activity is regulated by the intracellular concentration of Ca2+. NOX5 generates superoxide (O2•-) using NADPH as a substrate, and it modulates functions related to processes in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved. Those functions appear to be detrimental or beneficial depending on the level of ROS produced. For example, the increase in NOX5 activity is related to the development of various oxidative stress-related pathologies such as cancer, cardiovascular, and renal diseases. In this context, pancreatic expression of NOX5 can negatively alter insulin action in high-fat diet-fed transgenic mice. This is consistent with the idea that the expression of NOX5 tends to increase in response to a stimulus or a stressful situation, generally causing a worsening of the pathology. On the other hand, it has also been suggested that it might have a positive role in preparing the body for metabolic stress, for example, by inducing a protective adipose tissue adaptation to the excess of nutrients supplied by a high-fat diet. In this line, its endothelial overexpression can delay lipid accumulation and insulin resistance development in obese transgenic mice by inducing the secretion of IL-6 followed by the expression of thermogenic and lipolytic genes. However, as NOX5 gene is not present in rodents and human NOX5 protein has not been crystallized, its function is still poorly characterized and further extensive research is required.
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Ho F, Watson AMD, Elbatreek MH, Kleikers PWM, Khan W, Sourris KC, Dai A, Jha J, Schmidt HHHW, Jandeleit-Dahm KAM. Endothelial reactive oxygen-forming NADPH oxidase 5 is a possible player in diabetic aortic aneurysm but not atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11570. [PMID: 35798762 PMCID: PMC9262948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15706-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its complications are major causes of cardiovascular morbidity and death. Apart from risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia and inflammation, the causal molecular mechanisms are unknown. One proposed causal mechanism involves elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Indeed, early expression of the ROS forming NADPH oxidase type 5 (Nox5) in vascular endothelial cells correlates with atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm. Here we test the pro-atherogenic Nox5 hypothesis using mouse models. Because Nox5 is missing from the mouse genome, a knock-in mouse model expressing human Nox5 in its physiological location of endothelial cells (eNOX5ki/ki) was tested as a possible new humanised mouse atherosclerosis model. However, whether just on a high cholesterol diet or by crossing in aortic atherosclerosis-prone ApoE−/− mice with and without induction of diabetes, Nox5 neither induced on its own nor aggravated aortic atherosclerosis. Surprisingly, however, diabetic ApoE−/− x eNOX5ki/ki mice developed aortic aneurysms more than twice as often correlating with lower vascular collagens, as assessed by trichrome staining, without changes in inflammatory gene expression, suggesting that endothelial Nox5 directly affects extracellular matrix remodelling associated with aneurysm formation in diabetes. Thus Nox5-derived reactive oxygen species are not a new independent mechanism of atherosclerosis but may enhance the frequency of abdominal aortic aneurysms in the context of diabetes. Together with similar clinical findings, our preclinical target validation opens up a first-in-class mechanism-based approach to treat or even prevent abdominal aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Ho
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Anna M D Watson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Mahmoud H Elbatreek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt. .,Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, MeHNS, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Science, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Pamela W M Kleikers
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, MeHNS, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Science, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Waheed Khan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Karly C Sourris
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Aozhi Dai
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Jay Jha
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, MeHNS, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Science, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Karin A M Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. .,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Lee SH, Won GW, Choi SH, Kim MY, Oh CH, Park JT, Park JI. Antiaging effect of inotodiol on oxidative stress in human dermal fibroblasts. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113311. [PMID: 35759867 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage is one of the major causes of human skin aging. Inotodiol is a lanostane triterpenoid that demonstrates antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Previous studies have reported that inotodiol also has antiallergic effects. However, whether inotodiol inhibits oxidative stress-induced human skin aging is not known. Stimulation of human dermal fibroblast cells with hydrogen peroxide is related to skin aging. Inotodiol inhibited the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NADPH Oxidase 5 (NOX5). Moreover, inotodiol effectively decreased nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), as well as nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Based on our results, inotodiol protects human dermal fibroblast by preventing MAPK-NOX5 and NF-κB activation and attenuates the expression of aging genes. Inotodiol may therefore be considered a potential candidate for developing natural antiaging products, because it protects the human skin from oxidative stress-induced skin aging by inhibiting the MAPK-NOX5 and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Woo Won
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyeon Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheong-Hae Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; CARBOEXPERT Inc., Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Il Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Nascè A, Gariani K, Jornayvaz FR, Szanto I. NADPH Oxidases Connecting Fatty Liver Disease, Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Outlook. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061131. [PMID: 35740032 PMCID: PMC9219746 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by ectopic fat accumulation in hepatocytes, is closely linked to insulin resistance and is the most frequent complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One of the features connecting NAFLD, insulin resistance and T2DM is cellular oxidative stress. Oxidative stress refers to a redox imbalance due to an inequity between the capacity of production and the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). One of the major cellular ROS sources is NADPH oxidase enzymes (NOX-es). In physiological conditions, NOX-es produce ROS purposefully in a timely and spatially regulated manner and are crucial regulators of various cellular events linked to metabolism, receptor signal transmission, proliferation and apoptosis. In contrast, dysregulated NOX-derived ROS production is related to the onset of diverse pathologies. This review provides a synopsis of current knowledge concerning NOX enzymes as connective elements between NAFLD, insulin resistance and T2DM and weighs their potential relevance as pharmacological targets to alleviate fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Nascè
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
| | - Karim Gariani
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R. Jornayvaz
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (F.R.J.); (I.S.)
| | - Ildiko Szanto
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (F.R.J.); (I.S.)
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Mitochondria homeostasis: Biology and involvement in hepatic steatosis to NASH. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1141-1155. [PMID: 35105958 PMCID: PMC9061859 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biology and behavior are central to the physiology of liver. Multiple mitochondrial quality control mechanisms remodel mitochondrial homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction and damage induced by overnutrition lead to oxidative stress, inflammation, liver cell death, and collagen production, which advance hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Accumulating evidence suggests that specific interventions that target mitochondrial homeostasis, including energy metabolism, antioxidant effects, and mitochondrial quality control, have emerged as promising strategies for NASH treatment. However, clinical translation of these findings is challenging due to the complex and unclear mechanisms of mitochondrial homeostasis in the pathophysiology of NASH.
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11
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Gallego-Lopez MDC, Ojeda ML, Romero-Herrera I, Nogales F, Carreras O. Folic Acid Homeostasis and Its Pathways Related to Hepatic Oxidation in Adolescent Rats Exposed to Binge Drinking. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020362. [PMID: 35204242 PMCID: PMC8868551 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic ethanol consumption and liver disease are intimately related to folic acid (FA) homeostasis. Despite the fact that FA decreases lipid oxidation, its mechanisms are not yet well elucidated. Lately, adolescents have been practising binge drinking (BD), consisting of the intake of a high amount of alcohol in a short time; this is a particularly pro-oxidant form of consumption. The aim of this study is to examine, for the first time, FA homeostasis in BD adolescent rats and its antioxidant properties in the liver. We used adolescent rats, including control rats and rats exposed to an intermittent intraperitoneal BD model, supplemented with or without FA. Renal FA reabsorption and renal FA deposits were increased in BD rats; hepatic deposits were decreased, and heart and serum levels remained unaffected. This depletion in the liver was accompanied by higher transaminase levels; an imbalance in the antioxidant endogenous enzymatic system; lipid and protein oxidation; a decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels; hyper-homocysteinemia (HHcy); an increase in NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1 and NOX4 enzymes; an increase in caspase 9 and 3; and a decrease in the anti-apoptotic metallopeptidase inhibitor 1. Furthermore, BD exposure increased the expression of uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by increasing reactive nitrogen species generation and the nitration of tyrosine proteins. When FA was administered, hepatic FA levels returned to normal levels; transaminase and lipid and protein oxidation also decreased. Its antioxidant activity was due, in part, to the modulation of superoxide dismutase activity, GSH synthesis and NOX1, NOX4 and caspase expression. FA reduced HHcy and increased the expression of coupled eNOS by increasing tetrahydrobiopterin expression, avoiding nitrosative stress. In conclusion, FA homeostasis and its antioxidant properties are affected in BD adolescent rats, making it clear that this vitamin plays an important role in the oxidative, nitrosative and apoptotic hepatic damage generated by acute ethanol exposure. For this, FA supplementation becomes a potential BD therapy for adolescents, preventing future acute alcohol-related harms.
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Hu Q, Liu M, You Y, Zhou G, Chen Y, Yuan H, Xie L, Han S, Zhu K. Dual inhibition of reactive oxygen species and spleen tyrosine kinase as a therapeutic strategy in liver fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 175:193-205. [PMID: 34492311 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play key roles in liver fibrosis (LF) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We previously reported that spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is critical for HSCs activation, however, the mechanisms are insufficiently understood. In the present study, we found that SYK facilitated autophagy to promote HSCs activation by enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, SYK inhibitor GS-9973 could efficiently reduce HSCs ROS generation in vitro but not in vivo. Mechanistically, hepatocytes (HCs) would release ROS outside and then diffuse into HSCs to promote autophagy and activation in vitro in the context of inflammation. We then further examined the ROS contents in liver sections and primary liver cells of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced mice treated with or without different doses of Silybin, a natural compound characterized by a well-established antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, and found that ROS intensities in both liver sections and their deprived primary cells were efficiently inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion. Lastly, we evaluated the rational combination of Silybin and GS-9973 in the treatment of CCl4 induced mice and found that this combination is well tolerated and acts synergistically against HSCs activity, LF and HCC. The combinational use of Silybin and GS-9973 could be a promising therapeutic strategy in patients suffering from LF and even HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoting Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350014, China
| | - Mingyu Liu
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China.
| | - Yundan You
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China
| | - Guo Zhou
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516001, China
| | - Lulu Xie
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Shisong Han
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Kangshun Zhu
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China.
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Herranz-Itúrbide M, Peñuelas-Haro I, Espinosa-Sotelo R, Bertran E, Fabregat I. The TGF-β/NADPH Oxidases Axis in the Regulation of Liver Cell Biology in Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092312. [PMID: 34571961 PMCID: PMC8470857 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway plays essential roles in liver development and homeostasis and become a relevant factor involved in different liver pathologies, particularly fibrosis and cancer. The family of NADPH oxidases (NOXs) has emerged in recent years as targets of the TGF-β pathway mediating many of its effects on hepatocytes, stellate cells and macrophages. This review focuses on how the axis TGF-β/NOXs may regulate the biology of different liver cells and how this influences physiological situations, such as liver regeneration, and pathological circumstances, such as liver fibrosis and cancer. Finally, we discuss whether NOX inhibitors may be considered as potential therapeutic tools in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Herranz-Itúrbide
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Peñuelas-Haro
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rut Espinosa-Sotelo
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Bertran
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-932-607-828
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14
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Zhang HF, Gao X, Wang X, Chen X, Huang Y, Wang L, Xu ZW. The mechanisms of renin-angiotensin system in hepatocellular carcinoma: From the perspective of liver fibrosis, HCC cell proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis, and corresponding protection measures. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111868. [PMID: 34328104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, of which the occurrence and development involve a variety of pathophysiological processes, such as liver fibrosis, hepatocellular malignant proliferation, metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis. Some important cytokines, such as TGF-β, PI3K, protein kinase B (Akt), VEGF and NF-κB, can regulate the growth, proliferation, diffusion, metastasis, and apoptosis of HCC cells by acting on the corresponding signaling pathways. Besides, many studies have shown that the formation of HCC is closely related to the main components of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), such as Ang II, ACE, ACE2, MasR, AT1R, and AT2R. Therefore, this review focused on liver fibrosis, HCC cell proliferation, metastasis, tumor angiogenesis, and corresponding protective measures. ACE-Ang II-AT1 axis and ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-MasR axis were taken as the main lines to introduce the mechanism of RAS in the occurrence and development of HCC, so as to provide references for future clinical work and scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medical, the First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Clinical Medical, the First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Medical, the Second Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Clinical Medical, the Second Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Clinical Medical, the First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Lang Wang
- Department of Clinical Medical, the First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Zhou-Wei Xu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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15
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Du JJ, Sun JC, Li N, Li XQ, Sun WY, Wei W. β-Arrestin2 deficiency attenuates oxidative stress in mouse hepatic fibrosis through modulation of NOX4. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1090-1100. [PMID: 33116250 PMCID: PMC8209231 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a disease characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the liver. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is responsible for most of ECM production. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be important factors leading to liver fibrosis. NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is the main source of ROS in hepatic fibrosis, but the mechanism by which NOX4 regulates oxidative stress is not fully understood. β-Arrestin2 is a multifunctional scaffold protein that regulates receptor endocytosis, signaling and trafficking. In this study, we investigated whether β-arrestin2 regulated oxidative stress in hepatic fibrosis. Both β-arrestin2 knockout (Arrb2 KO) mice and wild-type mice were intraperitoneally injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to induce hepatic fibrosis. Arrb2 KO mice showed significantly attenuated liver fibrosis, decreased ROS levels and NOX4 expression, and reduced collagen levels in their livers. In vitro, NOX4 knockdown significantly inhibited ROS production, and decreased expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in angiotensin II-stimulated human HSC cell line LX-2. Through overexpression or depletion of β-arrestin2 in LX-2 cells, we revealed that decreased β-arrestin2 inhibited ROS levels and NOX4 expression, and reduced collagen production; it also inhibited activation of ERK and JNK signaling pathways. These results demonstrate that β-arrestin2 deficiency protects against liver fibrosis by downregulating ROS production through NOX4. This effect appears to be mediated by ERK and JNK signaling pathways. Thus, targeted inhibition of β-arrestin2 might reduce oxidative stress and inhibit the progression of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jia-Chang Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiu-Qin Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wu-Yi Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China.
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16
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García JG, Ansorena E, Milagro FI, Zalba G, de Miguel C. Endothelial Nox5 Expression Modulates Glucose Uptake and Lipid Accumulation in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Treated with Glucose and Palmitic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052729. [PMID: 33800461 PMCID: PMC7962974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health issue associated with insulin resistance and altered lipid homeostasis. It has been described that reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) activity are involved in the development of these pathologies. The present study describes the role of endothelial NOX5 expression over adipose tissue by using two experimental systems: NOX5 conditional knock-in mice fed with a high-fat diet and 3T3-L1 adipocytes cultured with conditioned media of NOX5-expressing endothelial cells previously treated with glucose and palmitic acid. Animals expressing NOX5 presented lower body weight gain and less mesenteric and epididymal adipose mass compared to control mice fed with the same diet. NOX5-expressing mice also showed significantly lower glycaemia and improved insulin-induced glucose uptake. In addition, Glut4 and Caveolin 1 (Cav1) expression were significantly increased in the adipose tissue of these animals. Likewise, 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with conditioned media from NOX5-expressing endothelial cells, incubated with high glucose and palmitic acid, presented a reduction in lipid accumulation and an increase in glucose uptake. Moreover, a significant increase in the expression of Glut4 and Cav1 was also detected in these cells. Taken together, all these data support that, in response to a highly caloric diet, NOX5 endothelial activity may regulate glucose sensitivity and lipid homeostasis in the adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G. García
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.G.); (E.A.); (G.Z.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Eduardo Ansorena
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.G.); (E.A.); (G.Z.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Fermín I. Milagro
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobm), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.G.); (E.A.); (G.Z.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Carlos de Miguel
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.G.); (E.A.); (G.Z.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-948-425600 (ext. 806462)
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17
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Luan D, Zhao Z, Xia D, Zheng Q, Gao X, Xu K, Tang B. Hydrogen selenide, a vital metabolite of sodium selenite, uncouples the sulfilimine bond and promotes the reversal of liver fibrosis. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:443-451. [PMID: 32880866 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sodium selenite has alleviating effects on liver fibrosis; however, its therapeutic molecular mechanism remains unclear. Herein, hydrogen selenide, a major metabolite of Na2SeO3, was tested to uncouple the sulfilimine bond in collagen IV, the biomarker of liver fibrosis. A mouse model of liver fibrosis was constructed via a CCl4-induced method, followed by the administration of 0.2 mg kg-1 Na2SeO3 via gavage three times per week for 4 weeks. Changes in H2Se, NADPH, and H2O2 levels were monitored in real time by using NIR-H2Se, DCI-MQ-NADPH, and H2O2 probes in vivo, respectively. H2Se continuously accumulated in the liver throughout the Na2SeO3 treatment period, but the levels of NADPH and H2O2 decreased. The expression of collagen IV was analyzed through Western blot and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results confirmed that the sulfilimine bond of collagen IV in the fibrotic mouse livers could be broken by H2Se with the Na2SeO3 treatment. Therefore, the therapeutic effect of Na2SeO3 on liver fibrosis could be mainly attributed to H2Se that uncoupled the sulfilimine bond to induce collagen IV degradation. This study provided a reasonable explanation for the molecular mechanism of the in vivo function of Na2SeO3 and the prevention of liver fibrosis by administering inorganic selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongrui Luan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zengteng Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Dandan Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiuling Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaonan Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Kehua Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
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18
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Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are resident non-parenchymal liver pericytes whose plasticity enables them to regulate a remarkable range of physiologic and pathologic responses. To support their functions in health and disease, HSCs engage pathways regulating carbohydrate, mitochondrial, lipid, and retinoid homeostasis. In chronic liver injury, HSCs drive hepatic fibrosis and are implicated in inflammation and cancer. To do so, the cells activate, or transdifferentiate, from a quiescent state into proliferative, motile myofibroblasts that secrete extracellular matrix, which demands rapid adaptation to meet a heightened energy need. Adaptations include reprogramming of central carbon metabolism, enhanced mitochondrial number and activity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and liberation of free fatty acids through autophagy-dependent hydrolysis of retinyl esters that are stored in cytoplasmic droplets. As an archetype for pericytes in other tissues, recognition of the HSC's metabolic drivers and vulnerabilities offer the potential to target these pathways therapeutically to enhance parenchymal growth and modulate repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Trivedi
- Division of Liver Diseases, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shuang Wang
- Division of Liver Diseases, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Cortés A, Pejenaute Á, Marqués J, Izal Í, Cenoz S, Ansorena E, Martínez-Irujo JJ, de Miguel C, Zalba G. NADPH Oxidase 5 Induces Changes in the Unfolded Protein Response in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells and in Endothelial-Specific Knock-in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020194. [PMID: 33572841 PMCID: PMC7911693 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress constitutes a key molecular mechanism in the development of cardiovascular diseases. A potential relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS) driven by the NADPH oxidase family (NOX) and the unfolded protein response (UPR) has been postulated. Nevertheless, there is a lack of information about the crosstalk between NOX5 homologue and the UPR in a cardiovascular context. The main aim was to analyze NOX5-mediated ROS effects in the UPR and its importance in cardiovascular diseases. To this effect, we used an adenoviral NOX5-β overexpression model in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) and a conditional endothelial NOX5 knock-in mouse. Using expression arrays, we investigated NOX5-induced genomic changes in HAEC. Compared with the control HAEC, 298 genes were differentially expressed. Gene ontology analysis revealed the activation of numerous cellular routes, the most relevant being the UPR pathway. Using real-time PCR and Western Blot experiments, we confirmed that NOX5 overexpression induced changes in the expression of the UPR components, which were associated with increased apoptosis. Moreover, in endothelial-specific NOX5 knock-in mice, we found changes in the expression of the UPR components genes. In these mice, myocardial infarction was performed by permanent coronary artery ligation; however, NOX5 expression was not associated with differences in the UPR components mRNA levels. In these animals, we found significant associations between the UPR components gene expression and echocardiographic parameters. Our data support the idea that NOX5-derived ROS may modulate the UPR pathway in endothelial cells, which might play a relevant role in cardiac physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Cortés
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.); (Á.P.); (J.M.); (Í.I.); (S.C.); (E.A.); (J.J.M.-I.); (C.d.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Pejenaute
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.); (Á.P.); (J.M.); (Í.I.); (S.C.); (E.A.); (J.J.M.-I.); (C.d.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Marqués
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.); (Á.P.); (J.M.); (Í.I.); (S.C.); (E.A.); (J.J.M.-I.); (C.d.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Íñigo Izal
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.); (Á.P.); (J.M.); (Í.I.); (S.C.); (E.A.); (J.J.M.-I.); (C.d.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Cenoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.); (Á.P.); (J.M.); (Í.I.); (S.C.); (E.A.); (J.J.M.-I.); (C.d.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ansorena
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.); (Á.P.); (J.M.); (Í.I.); (S.C.); (E.A.); (J.J.M.-I.); (C.d.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan José Martínez-Irujo
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.); (Á.P.); (J.M.); (Í.I.); (S.C.); (E.A.); (J.J.M.-I.); (C.d.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos de Miguel
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.); (Á.P.); (J.M.); (Í.I.); (S.C.); (E.A.); (J.J.M.-I.); (C.d.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.); (Á.P.); (J.M.); (Í.I.); (S.C.); (E.A.); (J.J.M.-I.); (C.d.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-948-425600
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Graceffa V. Therapeutic Potential of Reactive Oxygen Species: State of the Art and Recent Advances. SLAS Technol 2020; 26:140-158. [PMID: 33345675 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320977450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, several studies have proven that when at low concentration reactive oxygen species (ROS) show an adaptive beneficial effect and posited the idea that they can be utilized as inexpensive and convenient inducers of tissue regeneration. On the other hand, the recent discovery that cancer cells are more sensitive to oxidative damage paved the way for their use in the selective killing of tumor cells, and sensors to monitor ROS production during cancer treatment are under extensive investigation. Nevertheless, although ROS-activated signaling pathways are well established, less is known about the mechanisms underlying the switch from an anabolic to a cytotoxic response. Furthermore, a high variability in biological response is observed between different modalities of administration, cell types, donor ages, eventual concomitant diseases, and external microenvironment. On the other hand, available preclinical studies are scarce, whereas the quest for the most suitable systems for in vivo delivery is still elusive. Furthermore, new strategies to control the temporal pattern of ROS release need to be developed, if considering their tumorigenic potential. This review initially discusses ROS mechanisms of action and their potential application in stem cell biology, tissue engineering, and cancer therapy. It then outlines the state of art of ROS-based drugs and identifies challenges faced in translating ROS research into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Graceffa
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group (CHAT), Institute of Technology Sligo, Bellanode, Sligo, Ireland.,Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, Bellanode, Sligo, Ireland
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21
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Regulation of Metabolic Processes by Hydrogen Peroxide Generated by NADPH Oxidases. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8111424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important oxidizing molecule that regulates the metabolisms of aerobic organisms. Redox signaling comprises physiological oxidative stress (eustress), while excessive oxidative stress causes damage to molecules. The main enzymatic generators of H2O2 are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases or NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and mitochondrial respiratory chains, as well as various oxidases. The NOX family is constituted of seven enzyme isoforms that produce a superoxide anion (O2−), which can be converted to H2O2 by superoxide dismutase or spontaneously. H2O2 passes through the membranes by some aquaporins (AQPs), known as peroxyporins. It diffuses through cells and tissues to initiate cellular effects, such as proliferation, the recruitment of immune cells, and cell shape changes. Therefore, it has been proposed that H2O2 has the same importance as Ca2+ or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to act as modulators in signaling and the metabolism. The present overview focuses on the metabolic processes of liver and adipose tissue, regulated by the H2O2 generated by NOXs.
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Abstract
Significance: Fibrosis is a stereotypic, multicellular tissue response to diverse types of injuries that fundamentally result from a failure of cell/tissue regeneration. This complex tissue remodeling response disrupts cellular/matrix composition and homeostatic cell-cell interactions, leading to loss of normal tissue architecture and progressive loss of organ structure/function. Fibrosis is a common feature of chronic diseases that may affect the lung, kidney, liver, and heart. Recent Advances: There is emerging evidence to support a combination of genetic, environmental, and age-related risk factors contributing to susceptibility and/or progression of fibrosis in different organ systems. A core pathway in fibrogenesis involving these organs is the induction and activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) family enzymes. Critical Issues: We explore current pharmaceutical approaches to targeting NOX enzymes, including repurposing of currently U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Specific inhibitors of various NOX homologs will aid establishing roles of NOXs in the various organ fibroses and potential efficacy to impede/halt disease progression. Future Directions: The discovery of novel and highly specific NOX inhibitors will provide opportunities to develop NOX inhibitors for treatment of fibrotic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bernard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Xiong J, Ni J, Chen C, Wang K. miR‑148a‑3p regulates alcoholic liver fibrosis through targeting ERBB3. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1003-1012. [PMID: 32582976 PMCID: PMC7387083 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease greatly affects human health. Previous studies have identified that microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver fibrosis (ALF). Therefore, the present study explored the regulatory mechanism of miR-148a-3p in ALF. An ALF model was established in rats by alcohol gavage, followed by treatment with miR-148a-3p. Reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q) PCR was performed to detect miR-148a-3p expression in the rat liver tissues. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined by enzyme-labeled colorimetry. Liver damage was evaluated by liver indices and histology. The direct target gene of miR-148a-3p was predicted by a dual luciferase reporter assay. The effects of miR-148a-3p and miR-148a-3p in combination with receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 (ERBB3) on HSC-T6 cell viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Western blotting and RT-qPCR assays were performed to detect the expression levels of proteins and mRNA associated with fibrosis and apoptosis. The data showed that miR-148a-3p mimics inhibited the expression levels of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, α-SMA and type I collagen in the model, decreased the liver indices, and improved the liver damage caused by alcohol. ERBB3, which was predicted as the direct target gene of miR-148a-3p, reversed the effects of ERBB3 on promoting cell viability and inhibiting apoptosis. Concomitantly, miR-148a-3p reversed the increased expression of Bcl-2 and inhibited the expression levels of Bax and c-cleaved-3 caused by ERBB3. These data suggested that miR-148a-3p regulated ALF and the viability and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells through targeting ERBB3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Congying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Kezhou Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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Lu J, Jiang G, Wu Y, Antony S, Meitzler JL, Juhasz A, Liu H, Roy K, Makhlouf H, Chuaqui R, Butcher D, Konaté MM, Doroshow JH. NADPH oxidase 1 is highly expressed in human large and small bowel cancers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233208. [PMID: 32428030 PMCID: PMC7237001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To facilitate functional investigation of the role of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) and associated reactive oxygen species in cancer cell signaling, we report herein the development and characterization of a novel mouse monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes the C-terminal region of the NOX1 protein. The antibody was validated in stable NOX1 overexpression and knockout systems, and demonstrates wide applicability for Western blot analysis, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. We employed our NOX1 antibody to characterize NOX1 expression in a panel of 30 human colorectal cancer cell lines, and correlated protein expression with NOX1 mRNA expression and superoxide production in a subset of these cells. Although a significant correlation between oncogenic RAS status and NOX1 mRNA levels could not be demonstrated in colon cancer cell lines, RAS mutational status did correlate with NOX1 expression in human colon cancer surgical specimens. Immunohistochemical analysis of a comprehensive set of tissue microarrays comprising over 1,200 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue cores from human epithelial tumors and inflammatory disease confirmed that NOX1 is overexpressed in human colon and small intestinal adenocarcinomas, as well as adenomatous polyps, compared to adjacent, uninvolved intestinal mucosae. In contradistinction to prior studies, we did not find evidence of NOX1 overexpression at the protein level in tumors versus histologically normal tissues in prostate, lung, ovarian, or breast carcinomas. This study constitutes the most comprehensive histopathological characterization of NOX1 to date in cellular models of colon cancer and in normal and malignant human tissues using a thoroughly evaluated monoclonal antibody. It also further establishes NOX1 as a clinically relevant therapeutic target in colorectal and small intestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamo Lu
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Guojian Jiang
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yongzhong Wu
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Smitha Antony
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Meitzler
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Agnes Juhasz
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Han Liu
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hala Makhlouf
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo Chuaqui
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Donna Butcher
- Pathology/Histotechnology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mariam M. Konaté
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James H. Doroshow
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Induction of Cyclooxygenase-2 by Overexpression of the Human NADPH Oxidase 5 (NOX5) Gene in Aortic Endothelial Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030637. [PMID: 32155782 PMCID: PMC7140418 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a main molecular mechanism that underlies cardiovascular diseases. A close relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity and the prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis pathway has been described. However, little information is available about the interaction between NOX5 homolog-derived ROS and the PG pathway in the cardiovascular context. Our main goal was to characterize NOX5-derived ROS effects in PG homeostasis and their potential relevance in cardiovascular pathologies. For that purpose, two experimental systems were employed: an adenoviral NOX5-β overexpression model in immortalized human aortic endothelial cells (TeloHAEC) and a chronic infarction in vivo model developed from a conditional endothelial NOX5 knock-in mouse. NOX5 increased cyclooxygenase-2 isoform (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production through nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in TeloHAEC. Protein kinase C (PKC) activation and intracellular calcium level (Ca++) mobilization increased ROS production and NOX5 overexpression, which promoted a COX-2/PGE2 response in vitro. In the chronic infarction model, mice encoding endothelial NOX5 enhanced the cardiac mRNA expression of COX-2 and PGES, suggesting a COX-2/PGE2 response to NOX5 presence in an ischemic situation. Our data support that NOX5-derived ROS may modulate the COX-2/PGE2 axis in endothelial cells, which might play a relevant role in the pathophysiology of heart infarction.
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26
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Li Y, Li Y, Zheng S. Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase 5 (NOX5) Suppresses High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Extracellular Matrix Accumulation in Human Glomerular Mesangial Cells. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e919399. [PMID: 32012145 PMCID: PMC7020764 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to explore the effects of NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) in high glucose-stimulated human glomerular mesangial cells (HMCs). Material/Methods Cells were cultured under normal glucose (NG) or high glucose (HG) conditions. Then, NOX5 siRNA was transfected into HG-treated HMCs. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, colony formation assay and 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EDU) incorporation assay were applied to measure cell proliferative ability. In addition, the levels of oxidative stress factors including reactive oxygen species (ROS), malonaldehyde (MDA), NADPH, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in HMCs were detected by kits. Moreover, the expression of TLR4/NF-κB signaling and extracellular matrix (ECM) associated genes were evaluated by western blotting. Results The results revealed that the NOX5 was overexpressed in HG-treated HMCs. Silencing of NOX5 decreased proliferation of HMCs induced by HG. And NOX5 silencing alleviated the production of MDA and NADPH accompanied by an increase of SOD and GSH-PX levels. Additionally, the contents of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1 were reduced after transfection with NOX5 siRNA. Furthermore, silencing of NOX5 deceased the expression of collagen I, collagen IV, TGF-β1, and fibronectin induced by HG stimulation. TLR4, MyD88, and phospho-NF-κB p65 expression were downregulated notably in NOX5 silencing group. Conclusions Taken together, these findings demonstrated that inhibition of NOX5 attenuated HG-induced HMCs oxidative stress, inflammation, and ECM accumulation, suggesting that NOX5 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy (DN) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Clinical Medical College, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities (Inner Mongolia Forestry General Hospital), Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China (mainland)
| | - Yarong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Centre Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Shouhao Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Khomich O, Ivanov AV, Bartosch B. Metabolic Hallmarks of Hepatic Stellate Cells in Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2019; 9:E24. [PMID: 31861818 PMCID: PMC7016711 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a regenerative process that occurs after injury. It is characterized by the deposition of connective tissue by specialized fibroblasts and concomitant proliferative responses. Chronic damage that stimulates fibrogenic processes in the long-term may result in the deposition of excess matrix tissue and impairment of liver functions. End-stage fibrosis is referred to as cirrhosis and predisposes strongly to the loss of liver functions (decompensation) and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver fibrosis is a pathology common to a number of different chronic liver diseases, including alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and viral hepatitis. The predominant cell type responsible for fibrogenesis is hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In response to inflammatory stimuli or hepatocyte death, HSCs undergo trans-differentiation to myofibroblast-like cells. Recent evidence shows that metabolic alterations in HSCs are important for the trans-differentiation process and thus offer new possibilities for therapeutic interventions. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge of the metabolic changes that occur during HSC activation with a particular focus on the retinol and lipid metabolism, the central carbon metabolism, and associated redox or stress-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Khomich
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, CEDEX 03, 69424 Lyon, France;
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Ivanov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Birke Bartosch
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, CEDEX 03, 69424 Lyon, France;
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28
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Dewidar B, Meyer C, Dooley S, Meindl-Beinker N. TGF-β in Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrogenesis-Updated 2019. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111419. [PMID: 31718044 PMCID: PMC6912224 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an advanced liver disease condition, which could progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. To date, there is no direct approved antifibrotic therapy, and current treatment is mainly the removal of the causative factor. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a master profibrogenic cytokine and a promising target to treat fibrosis. However, TGF-β has broad biological functions and its inhibition induces non-desirable side effects, which override therapeutic benefits. Therefore, understanding the pleiotropic effects of TGF-β and its upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms will help to design better TGF-β based therapeutics. Here, we summarize recent discoveries and milestones on the TGF-β signaling pathway related to liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, emphasizing research of the last five years. This comprises impact of TGF-β on liver fibrogenesis related biological processes, such as senescence, metabolism, reactive oxygen species generation, epigenetics, circadian rhythm, epithelial mesenchymal transition, and endothelial-mesenchymal transition. We also describe the influence of the microenvironment on the response of HSC to TGF-β. Finally, we discuss new approaches to target the TGF-β pathway, name current clinical trials, and explain promises and drawbacks that deserve to be adequately addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedair Dewidar
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (B.D.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, 31527 Tanta, Egypt
| | - Christoph Meyer
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (B.D.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (B.D.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Nadja Meindl-Beinker
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (B.D.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-621-383-4983; Fax: +49-621-383-1467
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Chen YY, Yu XY, Chen L, Vaziri ND, Ma SC, Zhao YY. Redox signaling in aging kidney and opportunity for therapeutic intervention through natural products. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:141-149. [PMID: 31199964 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kidney diseases are serious public problems with high morbidity and mortality in the general population and heavily retard renal function with aging regardless of the cause. Although myriad strategies have been assigned to prevent or harness disease progression, unfortunately, thus far, there is a paucity of effective therapies partly due to an insufficient knowledge of underlying pathological mechanisms, indicating deeper studies are urgently needed. Additionally, natural products are increasingly recognized as an alternative source for disease intervention owing to the potent safety and efficacy, which might be exploited for novel drug discovery. In this review, we primarily expatiate the new advances on mediators that might be amenable to targeting aging kidney and kidney diseases, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), renin-angiotensin system (RAS), nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), peroxisome proliferator-activated γ receptor (PPARγ), advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) as well as microRNAs and vitagenes. Of note, we conclude by highlighting some natural products which have the potential to facilitate the development of novel treatment for patients with myriad renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 2 Xihuamen, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92897, USA
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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Touyz RM, Anagnostopoulou A, Rios F, Montezano AC, Camargo LL. NOX5: Molecular biology and pathophysiology. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:605-616. [PMID: 30801870 PMCID: PMC6519284 DOI: 10.1113/ep086204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? This review provides a comprehensive overview of Nox5 from basic biology to human disease and highlights unique features of this Nox isoform What advances does it highlight? Major advances in Nox5 biology relate to crystallization of the molecule and new insights into the pathophysiological role of Nox5. Recent discoveries have unravelled the crystal structure of Nox5, the first Nox isoform to be crystalized. This provides new opportunities to develop drugs or small molecules targeted to Nox5 in an isoform-specific manner, possibly for therapeutic use. Moreover genome wide association studies (GWAS) identified Nox5 as a new blood pressure-associated gene and studies in mice expressing human Nox5 in a cell-specific manner have provided new information about the (patho) physiological role of Nox5 in the cardiovascular system and kidneys. Nox5 seems to be important in the regulation of vascular contraction and kidney function. In cardiovascular disease and diabetic nephropathy, Nox5 activity is increased and this is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress implicated in tissue damage. ABSTRACT Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (Nox), comprise seven family members (Nox1-Nox5 and dual oxidase 1 and 2) and are major producers of reactive oxygen species in mammalian cells. Reactive oxygen species are crucially involved in cell signalling and function. All Noxs share structural homology comprising six transmembrane domains with two haem-binding regions and an NADPH-binding region on the intracellular C-terminus, whereas their regulatory systems, mechanisms of activation and tissue distribution differ. This explains the diverse function of Noxs. Of the Noxs, NOX5 is unique in that rodents lack the gene, it is regulated by Ca2+ , it does not require NADPH oxidase subunits for its activation, and it is not glycosylated. NOX5 localizes in the perinuclear and endoplasmic reticulum regions of cells and traffics to the cell membrane upon activation. It is tightly regulated through numerous post-translational modifications and is activated by vasoactive agents, growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The exact pathophysiological significance of NOX5 remains unclear, but it seems to be important in the physiological regulation of sperm motility, vascular contraction and lymphocyte differentiation, and NOX5 hyperactivation has been implicated in cardiovascular disease, kidney injury and cancer. The field of NOX5 biology is still in its infancy, but with new insights into its biochemistry and cellular regulation, discovery of the NOX5 crystal structure and genome-wide association studies implicating NOX5 in disease, the time is now ripe to advance NOX5 research. This review provides a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of NOX5, from basic biology to human disease, and highlights the unique characteristics of this enigmatic Nox isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian M. Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesBHF Glasgow Cardiovascular CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Aikaterini Anagnostopoulou
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesBHF Glasgow Cardiovascular CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Francisco Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesBHF Glasgow Cardiovascular CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Augusto C. Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesBHF Glasgow Cardiovascular CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Livia L. Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesBHF Glasgow Cardiovascular CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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31
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Li J, Xue J, Wang D, Dai X, Sun Q, Xiao T, Wu L, Xia H, Mostofa G, Chen X, Wei Y, Chen F, Quamruzzaman Q, Zhang A, Liu Q. Regulation of gasdermin D by miR-379-5p is involved in arsenite-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells and in fibrosis via secretion of IL-1β from human hepatic cells. Metallomics 2019; 11:483-495. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00321a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is an environmental toxicant and human carcinogen.
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