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Park SY, Kim KY, Gwak DS, Shin SY, Jun DY, Kim YH. L-Cysteine mitigates ROS-induced apoptosis and neurocognitive deficits by protecting against endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse neuronal cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 180:117538. [PMID: 39393330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play critical roles in neurodegenerative diseases. Glutathione (GSH), a key brain antioxidant, helps to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintain redox balance. We investigated the effectiveness of L-cysteine (L-Cys) in preventing apoptosis induced by the ROS generator 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ) in mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells, as well as alleviating memory and cognitive impairments caused by the GSH synthesis inhibitor L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) in mice. DMNQ-induced apoptotic events in HT22 cells, including elevated cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS levels, DNA fragmentation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial damage-mediated apoptotic pathways were dose-dependently abrogated by L-Cys (0.5-2 mM). The reduced intracellular GSH level, caused by DMNQ treatment, was restored by L-Cys cotreatment. Although L-Cys did not significantly restore GSH in the presence of BSO, it prevented DMNQ-induced ROS elevation, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis. Furthermore, compared to N-acetylcysteine and GSH, L-Cys had higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical-scavenging activity. L-Cys also restored mitochondrial respiration capacity in DMNQ-treated HT22 cells by reversing mitochondrial fission-fusion dynamic balance. BSO administration (500 mg/kg/day) in mice led to neuronal deficits, including memory and cognitive impairments, which were effectively mitigated by oral L-Cys (15 or 30 mg/kg/day). L-Cys also reduced BSO-induced ROS levels in the mice hippocampus and cortex. These findings suggest that even though it does not contribute to intracellular GSH synthesis, exogenous L-Cys protects neuronal cells against oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage and apoptosis, by acting as a ROS scavenger, which is beneficial in ameliorating neurocognitive deficits caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Young Park
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; AT-31 BIO Inc., Business Incubation Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Yun Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; AT-31 BIO Inc., Business Incubation Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Seol Gwak
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Young Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Youn Jun
- AT-31 BIO Inc., Business Incubation Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; AT-31 BIO Inc., Business Incubation Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Kwak S, Hwang SK, Kwon MS, Chun BY. l-Serine Protects Murine Retinal Ganglion Cells from Oxidative Stress via Modulation of Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:1089-1097. [PMID: 38771168 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2355661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effects of l-serine on mitochondrial dysfunction in retinal ganglion cells after exposure to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. METHODS Retinal ganglion cells obtained from C57BL6 mice (postnatal days 1-4) were purified and cultured. A cell viability assay was performed following exposure to H2O2-induced oxidative stress to assess the cytoprotective effects of l-serine on retinal ganglion cells. Flow cytometry with CellROX Deep Red and MitoSOX dyes was performed to analyze the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels, respectively. Staining with the fluorescent probe JC-1 was used to detect changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential. The oxygen consumption rate and Bioenergetic Health Index were used to evaluate mitochondrial respiration. RESULTS H2O2 treatment was found to induce mitochondrial dysfunction in retinal ganglion cells. Pretreatment with l-serine prevented cytotoxicity and significantly increased the viability of retinal ganglion cells following exposure to H2O2-induced oxidative stress (p < .05). l-Serine alleviated reactive oxygen species production in retinal ganglion cells following exposure to H2O2-induced oxidative (p < .05). Further, it successfully mitigated H2O2-induced mitochondrial depolarization in retinal ganglion cells (p < .05) and significantly increased the oxygen consumption rate and Bioenergetic Health Index in retinal ganglion cells following exposure to H2O2-induced oxidative stress (p < .05). CONCLUSION Pretreatment with l-serine protected retinal ganglion cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress by improving mitochondrial function. The findings of the present study suggest that l-serine is a potential candidate for treatment of reactive oxygen species-related ocular diseases such as mitochondrial optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Kwak
- Astrogen Inc., Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Su-Kyeong Hwang
- Astrogen Inc., Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- School of Medicine, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Mi Sun Kwon
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Bo Young Chun
- School of Medicine, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Ali A, Milman S, Weiss EF, Gao T, Napolioni V, Barzilai N, Zhang ZD, Lin JR. Rare genetic coding variants associated with age-related episodic memory decline implicate distinct memory pathologies in the hippocampus. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.21.24307692. [PMID: 38826255 PMCID: PMC11142267 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.21.24307692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Approximately 40% of people aged 65 or older experience memory loss, particularly in episodic memory. Identifying the genetic basis of episodic memory decline is crucial for uncovering its underlying causes. Methods We investigated common and rare genetic variants associated with episodic memory decline in 742 (632 for rare variants) Ashkenazi Jewish individuals (mean age 75) from the LonGenity study. All-atom MD simulations were performed to uncover mechanistic insights underlying rare variants associated with episodic memory decline. Results In addition to the common polygenic risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), we identified and replicated rare variant association in ITSN1 and CRHR2 . Structural analyses revealed distinct memory pathologies mediated by interfacial rare coding variants such as impaired receptor activation of corticotropin releasing hormone and dysregulated L-serine synthesis. Discussion Our study uncovers novel risk loci for episodic memory decline. The identified underlying mechanisms point toward heterogeneous memory pathologies mediated by rare coding variants.
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Agafonova I, Chingizova E, Chaikina E, Menchinskaya E, Kozlovskiy S, Likhatskaya G, Sabutski Y, Polonik S, Aminin D, Pislyagin E. Protection Activity of 1,4-Naphthoquinones in Rotenone-Induced Models of Neurotoxicity. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:62. [PMID: 38393033 PMCID: PMC10890484 DOI: 10.3390/md22020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The MTS cell viability test was used to screen a mini library of natural and synthetic 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives (1,4-NQs) from marine sources. This screening identified two highly effective compounds, U-443 and U-573, which showed potential in protecting Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells from the toxic effects of rotenone in an in vitro model of neurotoxicity. The selected 1,4-NQs demonstrated the capability to reduce oxidative stress by decreasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and displayed significant antioxidant properties in mouse brain homogenate. Normal mitochondrial function was restored and the mitochondrial membrane potential was also regained by 1,4-NQs after exposure to neurotoxins. Furthermore, at low concentrations, these compounds were found to significantly reduce levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-1β and notably inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results of docking studies showed that the 1,4-NQs were bound to the active site of COX-2, analogically to a known inhibitor of this enzyme, SC-558. Both substances significantly improved the behavioral changes in female CD1 mice with rotenone-induced early stage of Parkinson's disease (PD) in vivo. It is proposed that the 1,4-NQs, U-443 and U-573, can protect neurons and microglia through their potent anti-ROS and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Agafonova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (I.A.); (E.C.); (E.C.); (E.M.); (S.K.); (G.L.); (Y.S.); (S.P.); (D.A.)
| | - Ekaterina Chingizova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (I.A.); (E.C.); (E.C.); (E.M.); (S.K.); (G.L.); (Y.S.); (S.P.); (D.A.)
| | - Elena Chaikina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (I.A.); (E.C.); (E.C.); (E.M.); (S.K.); (G.L.); (Y.S.); (S.P.); (D.A.)
| | - Ekaterina Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (I.A.); (E.C.); (E.C.); (E.M.); (S.K.); (G.L.); (Y.S.); (S.P.); (D.A.)
| | - Sergey Kozlovskiy
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (I.A.); (E.C.); (E.C.); (E.M.); (S.K.); (G.L.); (Y.S.); (S.P.); (D.A.)
| | - Galina Likhatskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (I.A.); (E.C.); (E.C.); (E.M.); (S.K.); (G.L.); (Y.S.); (S.P.); (D.A.)
| | - Yuri Sabutski
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (I.A.); (E.C.); (E.C.); (E.M.); (S.K.); (G.L.); (Y.S.); (S.P.); (D.A.)
| | - Sergey Polonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (I.A.); (E.C.); (E.C.); (E.M.); (S.K.); (G.L.); (Y.S.); (S.P.); (D.A.)
| | - Dmitry Aminin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (I.A.); (E.C.); (E.C.); (E.M.); (S.K.); (G.L.); (Y.S.); (S.P.); (D.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Evgeny Pislyagin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (I.A.); (E.C.); (E.C.); (E.M.); (S.K.); (G.L.); (Y.S.); (S.P.); (D.A.)
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Um KB, Kwak S, Cheon SH, Kim J, Hwang SK. AST-001 Improves Social Deficits and Restores Dopamine Neuron Activity in a Mouse Model of Autism. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3283. [PMID: 38137504 PMCID: PMC10741043 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social communication and social interaction, restricted and repetitive behavior, and interests. The core symptoms of ASD are associated with deficits in mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathways that project from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). AST-001 is an investigational product currently in a phase 3 clinical trial for treating the core symptoms of ASD, with L-serine as the API (active pharmaceutical ingredient). Because the causes of ASD are extremely heterogeneous, a single genetic ASD model cannot represent all autism models. In this paper, we used the VPA-exposed model, which is more general and widely used than a single genetic model, but this is also one of the animal models of autism. Herein, we conducted experiments to demonstrate the efficacy of AST-001 as L-Serine that alters the regulation of the firing rate in dopamine neurons by inhibiting small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SK channels). Through these actions, AST-001 improved sociability and social novelty by rescuing the intrinsic excitabilities of dopamine neurons in VPA-exposed ASD mouse models that showed ASD-related behavioral abnormalities. It is thought that this effect of improving social deficits in VPA-exposed ASD mouse models is due to AST-001 normalizing aberrant SK channel activities that slowed VTA dopamine neuron firing. Overall, these findings suggest that AST-001 may be a potential therapeutic agent for ASD patients, and that its mechanism of action may involve the regulation of dopamine neuron activity and the improvement of social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Bum Um
- Astrogen Inc., 440, Hyeoksin-daero, Dong-gu, Daegu 41072, Republic of Korea; (K.B.U.); (S.K.)
| | - Soyoung Kwak
- Astrogen Inc., 440, Hyeoksin-daero, Dong-gu, Daegu 41072, Republic of Korea; (K.B.U.); (S.K.)
| | - Sun-Ha Cheon
- Astrogen Inc., 440, Hyeoksin-daero, Dong-gu, Daegu 41072, Republic of Korea; (K.B.U.); (S.K.)
| | - JuHyun Kim
- Astrogen Inc., 440, Hyeoksin-daero, Dong-gu, Daegu 41072, Republic of Korea; (K.B.U.); (S.K.)
| | - Su-Kyeong Hwang
- Astrogen Inc., 440, Hyeoksin-daero, Dong-gu, Daegu 41072, Republic of Korea; (K.B.U.); (S.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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Xiao Y, Li K, Bian J, Zhang Y, Li J, Liu H, Ye Y, Han L, Gong L, Wang M. Urolithin A Protects Neuronal Cells against Stress Damage and Apoptosis by Atp2a3 Inhibition. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300146. [PMID: 37667442 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of Urolithin A (UA) on neuronal stress damage on cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mouse model induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). METHODS AND RESULTS T2DM mice fed with UA display an attenuated cognitive impairment along with suppressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and Tau hyperphosphorylation in brain. Similar restraint effect of UA on Tau hyperphosphorylation and ER stress is also observed in high glucose-treated primary hippocampal neurons. Moreover, UA ameliorates oxidative stress, ER stress, aberrant energy metabolism, and apoptosis in 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ) induced HT22 cells. Atp2a3 is identified as a potential target gene of UA which is closely related to intracellular calcium homeostasis, ER stress, and apoptosis, so that UA significantly down-regulated Atp2a3 expression in DMNQ-induced cells. Furthermore, the protection effect of UA against ER stress and apoptosis is abolished by Atp2a3 over-expression in HT22 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that UA performs anti-stress effect by suppressing the expression of Atp2a3 in damaged neuronal cells and thus attenuates diabetes-associated cognitive impairment in T2DM mice. CONCLUSION The study implies UA as a potential novel pharmaceutic target for neurodegeneration and stress damage through regulating the expression of Atp2a3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Kailin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Ji Bian
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Hang Liu
- Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030031, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhi Ye
- Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No. 1 Conba Avenue, Lanxi, Zhejiang, 321109, P. R. China
| | - Lin Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Lan Gong
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
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He L, Ding Y, Zhou X, Li T, Yin Y. Serine signaling governs metabolic homeostasis and health. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:361-372. [PMID: 36967366 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Serine has functions that are involved in metabolic homeostasis and health in pathological or stressful situations. Notably, the de novo serine synthesis pathway (SSP) plays a vital role in targeted regulation of immune responses, cell proliferation, and lipid/protein metabolism. The presentation of serine residues derived from SSP may be a signal of stress and provide novel insights into the relationship between metabolic homeostasis and diseases. Here, we summarize the current trends in understanding the regulatory mechanisms of serine metabolism, discuss how serine signaling governs metabolic and antistress processes, including oxidative stress, immunity, energy and lipid metabolism, intestinal microbiota, and the neurological system. We present a possible framework by which serine metabolism maintains metabolic homeostasis and treats human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqin He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Yaqiong Ding
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Yulong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
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Langroudi FE, Narani MS, Kheirollahi A, Vatannejad A, Shokrpoor S, Alizadeh S. Effect of L-serine on oxidative stress markers in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Amino Acids 2023:10.1007/s00726-023-03270-9. [PMID: 37156853 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is critical in the occurrence and development of diabetes and its related complications. L-serine has recently been shown to reduce oxidative stress, the incidence of autoimmune diabetes and improve glucose homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of daily L-serine administration on blood glucose, renal function and oxidative stress markers in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Eighteen C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6 per group). Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes and a group of diabetic mice was treated with 280 mg/day of L-serine dissolved in drinking water for 4 weeks. The level of blood glucose, biochemical markers of renal function (total protein, urea, creatinine and albumin) and oxidative stress markers (protein carbonyls, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase) were measured using spectrophotometry. The results indicated that L-serine significantly decreased the glucose level in diabetic mice (188.6 ± 22.69 mg/dL, P = 0.02). Moreover, treatment of diabetic mice with L-serine reduced protein carbonyls (3.249 ± 0.9165 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.05) and malondialdehyde levels (1.891 ± 0.7696 μM/mg protein, P = 0.051). However, L-serine showed no significant effects on renal function, and a slight reduction in histopathological changes was observed in mice receiving L-serine. This study revealed that L-serine effectively ameliorates oxidative stress in kidney tissue and reduces the blood glucose concentration in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ershad Langroudi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshad Sheikhi Narani
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Kheirollahi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Akram Vatannejad
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Shokrpoor
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Alizadeh
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liu N, Chen L, Yan M, Tao Q, Wu J, Chen J, Chen X, Zhang W, Peng C. Eubacterium rectale Improves the Efficacy of Anti-PD1 Immunotherapy in Melanoma via l-Serine-Mediated NK Cell Activation. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0127. [PMID: 37223471 PMCID: PMC10202379 DOI: 10.34133/research.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, as key immune cells, play essential roles in tumor cell immune escape and immunotherapy. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the gut microbiota community affects the efficacy of anti-PD1 immunotherapy and that remodeling the gut microbiota is a promising strategy to enhance anti-PD1 immunotherapy responsiveness in advanced melanoma patients; however, the details of the mechanism remain elusive. In this study, we found that Eubacterium rectale was significantly enriched in melanoma patients who responded to anti-PD1 immunotherapy and that a high E. rectale abundance was related to longer survival in melanoma patients. Furthermore, administration of E. rectale remarkably improved the efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy and increased the overall survival of tumor-bearing mice; moreover, application of E. rectale led to a significant accumulation of NK cells in the tumor microenvironment. Interestingly, conditioned medium isolated from an E. rectale culture system dramatically enhanced NK cell function. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analysis showed that l-serine production was significantly decreased in the E. rectale group; moreover, administration of an l-serine synthesis inhibitor dramatically increased NK cell activation, which enhanced anti-PD1 immunotherapy effects. Mechanistically, supplementation with l-serine or application of an l-serine synthesis inhibitor affected NK cell activation through Fos/Fosl. In summary, our findings reveal the role of bacteria-modulated serine metabolic signaling in NK cell activation and provide a novel therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of anti-PD1 immunotherapy in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Furong Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lihui Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingjie Yan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Furong Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Tao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Furong Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Furong Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Furong Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Furong Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Furong Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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10
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Chakraborty P, Dey A, Gopalakrishnan AV, Swati K, Ojha S, Prakash A, Kumar D, Ambasta RK, Jha NK, Jha SK, Dewanjee S. Glutamatergic neurotransmission: A potential pharmacotherapeutic target for the treatment of cognitive disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101838. [PMID: 36610558 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, glutamate is regarded to be the primary excitatory neurotransmitter due to its widespread distribution and wide range of metabolic functions. Glutamate plays key roles in regulating neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and neuron survival in the brain. Ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors, neurotransmitters, neurotensin, neurosteroids, and others co-ordinately formulate a complex glutamatergic network in the brain that maintains optimal excitatory neurotransmission. Cognitive activities are potentially synchronized by the glutamatergic activities in the brain via restoring synaptic plasticity. Dysfunctional glutamate receptors and other glutamatergic components are responsible for the aberrant glutamatergic activity in the brain that cause cognitive impairments, loss of synaptic plasticity, and neuronal damage. Thus, controlling the brain's glutamatergic transmission and modifying glutamate receptor function could be a potential therapeutic strategy for cognitive disorders. Certain drugs that regulate glutamate receptor activities have shown therapeutic promise in improving cognitive functions in preclinical and clinical studies. However, several issues regarding precise functional information of glutamatergic activity are yet to be comprehensively understood. The present article discusses the scope of developing glutamatergic systems as prospective pharmacotherapeutic targets to treat cognitive disorders. Special attention has been given to recent developments, challenges, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Kumari Swati
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anand Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- School of Health Sciences & Technology, UPES University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, UP, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, UP, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India.
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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11
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Shin S, Hwang SK, Mun JY. Changes of lysosome by L-serine in rotenone-treated hippocampal neurons. Appl Microsc 2023; 53:1. [PMID: 36626017 PMCID: PMC9832202 DOI: 10.1186/s42649-022-00084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress destroys cellular organelles and damages DNA, eventually leading to degenerative brain disorders. Persistent mitochondrial damage by oxidative stress eventually causes cells to inhibit the function of lysosomes. Rotenone used in this study inhibits complex 1 of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Due to this inhibition, the production of free radicals is promoted, and oxidative stress can occur. To test as a role of antioxidant, L-serine was treated before treatment of rotenone to HT22 hippocampal cells. Then, changes in the activity and structure of lysosomes were analyzed. As a result, the oxidative stress caused by rotenone in HT22 cells was protected by L-serine. L-serine reduced free radicals in cells, and the damaged lysosomal structure and lysosome activity were also protected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Shin
- grid.452628.f0000 0004 5905 0571Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Su-Kyeong Hwang
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944 South Korea ,Astrogen Inc., 440, Hyeoksin-daero, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41072 South Korea
| | - Ji Young Mun
- grid.452628.f0000 0004 5905 0571Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
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12
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Cong S, Wang L, Meng Y, Cai X, Zhang C, Gu Y, Ma X, Luo L. Saussurea involucrata
oral liquid regulates gut microbiota and serum metabolism during alleviation of collagen‐induced arthritis in rats. Phytother Res 2022; 37:1242-1259. [PMID: 36451529 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Saussurea involucrata oral liquid (SIOL) can clinically relieve symptoms, such as joint pain and swelling, and morning stiffness, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the mechanism of action remains unclear. This study used a combination of gut microbiota and serum metabolomics analysis to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of SIOL intervention on rats with RA induced by type II bovine collagen and Freund's complete adjuvant. Results showed that SIOL treatment consequently improved the degree of ankle joint swelling, joint histopathological changes, joint pathological score, and expression of serum-related inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α) in RA model rats. 16 S rRNA sequencing results showed that SIOL increased the relative richness of the Lactobacillus and Bacteroides genus and decreased the relative richness of Romboutsia, Alloprevotella, Blautia, and Helicobacter genus. Serum nontargeted metabolomic results indicated that SIOL could regulate metabolites related to metabolic pathways, such as glycine, serine, threonine, galactose, cysteine, and methionine metabolism. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the regulatory effects of SIOL on the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism pathways were correlated with changes in the richness of the Lactobacillus, Romboutsia, Bacteroides, and Alloprevotella genus in the gut microbiome. In conclusion, this study revealed the ameliorative effects of SIOL on RA and suggested that the therapeutic effects of SIOL on RA may be related to the regulation of the community richness of the Lactobacillus, Romboutsia, Bacteroides, and Alloprevotella genus, thereby improving the TCA cycle; phenylalanine metabolism; phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Cong
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang China
| | - Lingrui Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang China
| | - Yan Meng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang China
| | - Xuanlin Cai
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang China
| | - Yanqin Gu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang China
| | - Xiumin Ma
- Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang China
| | - Li Luo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang China
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13
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Xiong X, Chen X, Ma H, Zheng Z, Yang Y, Chen Z, Zhou Z, Pu J, Chen Q, Zheng M. Metabolite Changes in the Aqueous Humor of Patients With Retinal Vein Occlusion Macular Edema: A Metabolomics Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:762500. [PMID: 34993196 PMCID: PMC8724431 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.762500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macular edema (ME) is the main cause of visual impairment in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO). The degree of ME affects the prognosis of RVO patients, while it lacks objective laboratory biomarkers. We aimed to compare aqueous humor samples from 28 patients with retinal vein occlusion macular edema (RVO-ME) to 27 age- and sex-matched controls by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, so as to identify the key biomarkers and to increase the understanding of the mechanism of RVO-ME at the molecular level. Through univariate and multivariate statistical analyses, we identified 60 metabolites between RVO-ME patients and controls and 40 differential metabolites in mild RVO-ME [300 μm ≤ central retinal thickness (CRT) < 400 μm] patients compared with severe RVO-ME (CRT ≥ 400 μm). Pathway enrichment analysis showed that valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; ascorbate and aldarate metabolism; and pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis were significantly altered in RVO-ME in comparison with controls. Compared with mild RVO-ME, degradation and biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine; histidine metabolism; beta-alanine metabolism; and pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis were significantly changed in severe RVO-ME. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that adenosine, threonic acid, pyruvic acid, and pyro-L-glutaminyl-l-glutamine could differentiate RVO-ME from controls with an area under the curve (AUC) of >0.813. Urocanic acid, diethanolamine, 8-butanoylneosolaniol, niacinamide, paraldehyde, phytosphingosine, 4-aminobutyraldehyde, dihydrolipoate, and 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide had an AUC of >0.848 for distinguishing mild RVO-ME from severe RVO-ME. Our study expanded the understanding of metabolomic changes in RVO-ME, which could help us to have a good understanding of the pathogenesis of RVO-ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huafeng Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yazhu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zixi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxin Pu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingwei Chen
- Department of general practice, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minming Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Zhang W, Hu B, Han M, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Qian H. Purification, structural characterization and neuroprotective effect of a neutral polysaccharide from Sparassis crispa. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:389-399. [PMID: 34998886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a purified polysaccharide (named SCP-1, Mw 1.368 × 104 Da) was isolated from Sparassis crispa, and its biological activity was evaluated in an oxidative stress model caused by H2O2 in hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells. SCP-1 was a heteropolysaccharide mainly comprising glucose, galactose, fucose, and mannose in a molar ratio of 52.10: 31.10: 15.04: 1.76. The main backbone of SCP-1 was predominantly composed of (1→6)-α-D-Galp, (1→6)-β-D-Glcp, (1→3)-β-D-Glcp, (1→2,6)-α-D-Galp and (1→3,6)-β-D-Glcp. The branches, substituted at the O-2 of Gal and O-3 of Glc, contained (1→6)-2-OMe-α-D-Galp, (1→4)-β-D-Glcp, (1→3)-β-D-Glcp, and terminated by T-α-L-Fucp and T-β-D-Glcp. Besides, SCP-1 could effectively protect the HT22 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative injury via decreasing the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, modulating antioxidant enzymes, and reducing cell apoptosis. The findings suggested that SCP-1 holds a potential to be a natural antioxidant or as a neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai 200235, P.R.China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China.
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15
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Xu Q, Jiang M, Gu S, Zhang X, Feng G, Ma X, Xu S, Wu E, Huang JH, Wang F. Metabolomics changes in brain-gut axis after unpredictable chronic mild stress. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:729-743. [PMID: 35133451 PMCID: PMC8891102 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05958-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder is a leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting up to 17 % of the general population. The neural mechanisms of depression, however, are yet to be uncovered. Recently, attention has been drawn to the effects of dysfunctional brain-gut axis on depression, and many substances have been suggested to be involved in the communication between the gut and brain, such as ghrelin. METHODS We herein systematically examined the changes of metabolomics after unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS)-induced depression-like behaviors in rats and compared the altered metabolites in the hippocampus and jejunum samples. RESULTS Our results show that many metabolites significantly changed with UCMS both in the hippocampus and jejunum, such as L-glutamine, L-tyrosine, hydroxylamine, and 3-phosphoglyceric acid. Further studies suggested that these changes are the reasons for anxiety-like behaviors and depression-like behaviors in UCMS rats and also are the reasons for hippocampal neural plasticity. CONCLUSIONS Coexistence of brain and gut metabolic changes in UCMS-induced depressive behavior in rats suggests a possible role of brain-gut axis in depression. This study provides insights into the neurobiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Xu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mingchen Jiang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Simeng Gu
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Department of Psychology, Jiangsu University Medical School, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xunle Zhang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Guangkui Feng
- Department of Neurology, Lianyungang Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, 222000, China.
| | - Xianjun Ma
- Department of Neurology, Lianyungang Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Shijun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, 76508, USA
- Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76508, USA
| | - Jason H Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, 76508, USA
- Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76508, USA
| | - Fushun Wang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China.
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16
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Kaya Tilki E, Engür Öztürk S, Özarda MG, Cantürk Z, Dikmen M. Investigation of the neuroprotective and neuritogenic effects of halotolerant Penicillium flavigenum-derived sorbicillin-like compounds on PC-12 Adh cells. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:801-813. [PMID: 34776630 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative condition caused by oxidative stress and mitochondrial malfunction. In this study, the neuroprotective and neuritogenic activity of water fraction (Sw-fr) containing sorbicillin-like active metabolites of halotolerant P. flavigenum isolated from Salt Lake in Konya, Turkey were investigated on a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD in vitro PC-12 Adh cell model. Firstly, Sw-fr containing sorbicillin-like active metabolites were extracted from P. flavigenum and was compared with a sorbicillin standard by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Then, the effects of non-cytotoxic concentrations of Sw-fr on the 6-OHDA-induced PD cell model were investigated via real-time cell proliferation analysis using the RTCA DP instrument. The effects of these concentrations on mitochondrial membrane integrity, caspase-3 were investigated by flow cytometry. Neurite outgrowth analysis and immunofluorescence staining were used to explore the neuritogenic effects of neuroprotective doses. By improving PC-12 Adh cell viability, decreasing reactive oxygen species production, and reducing apoptotic cell death, 1 and 10 μg/mL Sw-fr and sorbicillin standard proved neuroprotective against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity. Furthermore, 1 and 10 µg/mL Sw-fr significantly induced neurite outgrowth. As a result, sorbicillin-like active metabolites containing Sw-fr were found to have neuroprotective and neuritogenic effects. Sorbicillin-like metabolites obtained from fungi may be novel natural medicines for neurodegenerative diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-021-00498-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kaya Tilki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26210 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Selin Engür Öztürk
- Tavas Vocational School of Health Services, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Güçlü Özarda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26210 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Cantürk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26210 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Miriş Dikmen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26210 Eskisehir, Turkey
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17
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Shemshaki G, Najafi M, Niranjana Murthy AS, Malini SS. Novel association of PhosphoSerine PHosphatase (PSPH) gene mutations with male infertility identified through whole exome sequencing of South Indians. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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18
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Huang C, Zhang W, Chu F, Qian H, Wang Y, Qi F, Ye M, Zhou J, Lin Z, Dong C, Wang X, Wang Q, Jin H. Patchouli Alcohol Improves the Integrity of the Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Through the Akt/CHOP/Caspase-3 Pathway Following Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:693533. [PMID: 34368142 PMCID: PMC8339579 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.693533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a destructive and complex disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) for which there is no clinical treatment. Blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) rupture is a critical event in SCI that aggravates nerve injury. Therefore, maintaining the integrity of the BSCB may be a potential method to treat SCI. Here, we showed that patchouli alcohol (PA) exerts protective effects against SCI. We discovered that PA significantly prevented hyperpermeability of the BSCB by reducing the loss of tight junctions (TJs) and endothelial cells. PA also suppressed endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, in a rat model of SCI, PA effectively improved neurological deficits. Overall, these results prove that PA exerts neuroprotective effects by maintaining BSCB integrity and thus be a promising candidate for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongan Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - FeiFan Chu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hao Qian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yining Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fangzhou Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengke Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - ChenLin Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haiming Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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19
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Zhao X, Fu J, Hu B, Chen L, Wang J, Fang J, Ge C, Lin H, Pan K, Fu L, Wang L, Du J, Xu W. Serine Metabolism Regulates YAP Activity Through USP7 in Colon Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639111. [PMID: 34055773 PMCID: PMC8152669 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a vital factor in the development of many types of cancer, including colon cancer. Serine metabolic reprogramming is a major feature of tumor metabolism. Yes-associated protein (YAP) participates in organ size control and tumorigenesis. However, the relationship between YAP and serine metabolism in colon cancer is unclear. In this study, RNA sequencing and metabolomics analyses indicated significant enrichment of the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism pathways in serine starvation-resistant cells. Short-term serine deficiency inhibited YAP activation, whereas a prolonged response dephosphorylated YAP and promoted its activity. Mechanistically, USP7 increases YAP stability under increased serine conditions by regulating deubiquitination. Verteporfin (VP) effectively inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cells and organoids and could even modulate serine metabolism by inhibiting USP7 expression. Clinically, YAP was significantly activated in colon tumor tissues and positively correlated with the expression of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) and USP7. Generally, our study uncovered the mechanism by which serine metabolism regulates YAP via USP7 and identified the crucial role of YAP in the regulation of cell proliferation and tumor growth; thus, VP may be a new treatment for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfei Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Jinyong Fang
- Department of Science and Education, Jinhua Guangfu Oncology Hospital, Huancheng, Jinhua, China
| | - Chenyang Ge
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Haiping Lin
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Kailing Pan
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Liang Fu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China.,Department of Nursing, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Lude Wang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Jinlin Du
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Wenxia Xu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
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Yun HH, Park S, Chung MJ, Son JY, Park JM, Jung SJ, Yim JH, Kang KK, Byeon S, Baek SM, Lee SW, Lee AR, Kim TH, Park JK, Jeong KS. Effects of losartan and l-serine in a mouse liver fibrosis model. Life Sci 2021; 278:119578. [PMID: 33965379 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a common liver disease caused by excessive collagen deposition in the liver. Since liver transplantation is the only current treatment for cirrhosis with worsened fibrosis, a new strategy to develop anti-fibrosis drugs with no adverse effects is necessary. In recent studies, amino acids have been applied as a type of therapy in various fields. l-serine plays a major role in antioxidant production via the maintenance of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydride production in the mitochondria. l-serine may reduce fibrotic lesions in a mouse model of chronic liver injury. This study used 27 six-week-old C57BL/6 mice and injected them three times a week for eight weeks with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (1.5 mg/kg, 10% v/v CCl4 in olive oil) to create a hepatic fibrosis mouse model. The mice, which weighed approximately 20-30 g, were randomly classified into four groups: 1) the olive oil group, which received intraperitoneal injection of olive oil (1.5 mg/kg, 3 times per week for 8 weeks); 2) the CCl4-only group; 3) the CCl4 + losartan (10 mg/kg, PO, 5 days on, weekend off for 8 weeks) group; and 4) the CCl4 + l-serine (100 g/L, free access for 8 weeks) group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining showed reduced inflammatory cell deposition and collagen deposition in the liver tissue in the l-serine supplemented group. l-serine was found to reduce the spread of hepatic fibrosis and has potential use in clinical settings. Based on these histopathological observations, l-serine is a potential anti-fibrosis drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ho Yun
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Chung
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Son
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Yim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ku Kang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongrim Byeon
- Kainos Medicine Institute Inc., Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Baek
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung-Woo Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Rang Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Differential ROS-Mediated Phosphorylation of Drp1 in Mitochondrial Fragmentation Induced by Distinct Cell Death Conditions in Cerebellar Granule Neurons. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8832863. [PMID: 33936388 PMCID: PMC8060094 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8832863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has been associated with neuronal death. ROS are also involved in mitochondrial fission, which is mediated by Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). The regulation of mitochondrial fragmentation mediated by Drp1 and its relationship to mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) in neuronal death have not been completely clarified. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of mtROS in cell death and their involvement in the activation of Drp1 and mitochondrial fission in a model of cell death of cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGN). Neuronal death of CGN induced by potassium deprivation (K5) and staurosporine (ST) triggers mitochondrial ROS production and mitochondrial fragmentation. K5 condition evoked an increase of Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser616, but ST treatment led to a decrease of Drp1 phosphorylation. Moreover, the death of CGN induced by both K5 and ST was markedly reduced in the presence of MitoTEMPO; however, mitochondrial morphology was not recovered. Here, we show that the mitochondria are the initial source of ROS involved in the neuronal death of CGN and that mitochondrial fragmentation is a common event in cell death; however, this process is not mediated by Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser616.
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Sun X, Liu H, Sun Z, Zhang B, Wang X, Liu T, Pan T, Gao Y, Jiang X, Li H. Acupuncture protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy and apoptosis. Mol Med 2020; 26:105. [PMID: 33167857 PMCID: PMC7653860 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acupuncture treatment possesses the neuroprotection potential to attenuate cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenic mechanism of cerebral I/R injury. Whether acupuncture protects against cerebral I/R injury via regulating ER stress remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the role of ER stress in the neuroprotection of acupuncture against cerebral I/R injury and its underlying mechanisms. Methods Cerebral I/R injury was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Acupuncture was carried out at Baihui (GV 20), and Qubin (GB7) acupoints in rats immediately after reperfusion. The infarct volumes, neurological score, ER stress, autophagy and apoptosis were determined. Results Acupuncture treatment decreased infarct volume, neurological score and suppressed ER stress via inactivation of ATF-6, PERK, and IRE1 pathways in MCAO rats. Attributing to ER stress suppression, 4-PBA (ER stress inhibitor) promoted the beneficial effect of acupuncture against cerebral I/R injury. Whereas, ER stress activator tunicamycin significantly counteracted the neuroprotective effects of acupuncture. In addition, acupuncture restrained autophagy via regulating ER stress in MCAO rats. Finally, ER stress took part in the neuroprotective effect of acupuncture against apoptosis in cerebral I/R injury. Conclusions Our findings suggest that acupuncture offers neuroprotection against cerebral I/R injury, which is attributed to repressing ER stress-mediated autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Sun
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongren Sun
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Clinical Neurobiology (Encephalopathy), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Beng Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Pan
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Gao
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xicheng Jiang
- Department of Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongtao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 26 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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23
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A novel derivative of valepotriate inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway and causes Noxa-dependent apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:835-842. [PMID: 32047260 PMCID: PMC7470838 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural compound valepotriate exhibits inhibitory activity against a number of cancers, but the effect of valepotriate against pancreatic cancer is unclear, and the structure–activity relationship of valepotriate has not been characterized. In this study, we performed a structure-based similarity search and found 16 hit compounds. Among the 16 hits, (1S,6S,7R)-6-(acetyloxy)-1-[(3-methylbutanoyl)oxy]-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-spiro[cyclopenta[c]pyran-7,2’-oxiran]-4-ylmethyl 3-methylbutanoate (denoted as Amcp) exhibited superior anticancer activity against human pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 and SW1990 cells. The anti-proliferation activity of Amcp was validated in human pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 and SW1990 cells in vitro. Amcp more effectively induced apoptosis in BxPC-3 and SW1990 cells than gemcitabine. At a concentration of 15 μM, Amcp significantly suppressed the PI3K/AKT pathway and disrupted the mitochondrial membrane equilibrium through modulation of Noxa and Mcl-1 balance in both cell lines. Meanwhile, knockdown of Noxa substantially attenuated Amcp-induced reduction of cell viability and anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 level in BxPC-3 cells. In addition, Amcp showed synergistic anticancer effects when combined with gemcitabine in BxPC-3 cells. To conclude, this work not only suggests that Amcp possesses a dual-inhibitory activity towards PI3K/AKT pathway and Mcl-1, but also enlightens further development of bioactive valepotriate derivatives.
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24
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Dunlop RA, Carney JM. Mechanisms of L-Serine-Mediated Neuroprotection Include Selective Activation of Lysosomal Cathepsins B and L. Neurotox Res 2020; 39:17-26. [PMID: 32242285 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
L-serine is a naturally occurring dietary amino acid that has recently received renewed attention as a potential therapy for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy type I (HSAN1), and sleep induction and maintenance. We have previously reported L-serine functions as a competitive inhibitor of L-BMAA toxicity in cell cultures and have since progressed to examine the neuroprotective effects of L-serine independent of L-BMAA-induced neurotoxicity. For example, in a Phase I, FDA-approved human clinical trial of 20 ALS patients, our lab reported 30 g L-serine/day was safe, well-tolerated, and slowed the progression of the disease in a group of 5 patients. Despite increasing evidence for L-serine being useful in the clinic, little is known about the mechanism of action of the observed neuroprotection. We have previously reported, in SH-SY5Y cell cultures, that L-serine alone can dysregulate the unfolded protein response (UPR) and increase the translation of the chaperone protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and these mechanisms may contribute to the clearance of mis- or unfolded proteins. Here, we further explore the pathways involved in protein clearance when L-serine is present in low and high concentrations in cell culture. We incubated SH-SY5Y cells in the presence and absence of L-serine and measured changes in the activity of proteolytic enzymes from the autophagic-lysosomal system, cathepsin B, cathepsin L, and arylsulfatase and specific activities of the proteasome, peptidylglutamyl-peptide hydrolyzing (PGPH) (also called caspase-like), chymotrypsin, and trypsin-like. Under our conditions, we report that L-serine selectively induced the activity of autophagic-lysosomal enzymes, cathepsins B and L, but not any of the proteasome-hydrolyzing activities. To enable comparison with previous work, we also incubated cells with L-BMAA and report no effect on the activity of the autophagic lysosomes or the proteasomes. We also developed an open-source script for the automation of linear regression calculations of kinetic data. Autophagy impairment or failure is characteristic of many neurodegenerative disease; thus, activation of autophagic-lysosomal proteolysis may contribute to the neuroprotective effect of L-serine, which has been reported in cell culture and human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A Dunlop
- Brain Chemistry Labs, The Institute for Ethnomedicine, Suite 3, 1130 S Highway 89, Jackson, WY, USA.
| | - John M Carney
- Brain Chemistry Labs, The Institute for Ethnomedicine, Suite 3, 1130 S Highway 89, Jackson, WY, USA
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25
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Effects of L-Serine Against Cisplatin-Mediated Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Zebrafish Vestibular Tissue Culture and HEI-OC1 Auditory Hybridoma Cells. Neurotox Res 2020; 39:36-41. [PMID: 32221851 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapy compound effective against a variety of cancers. However, it can cause increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in auditory and vestibular tissue leading to permanent hearing and balance loss. The amino acid, L-serine, has been shown to reduce ROS in some tissue types. In this project, we first investigated whether L-serine could reduce cisplatin-mediated ROS generation in zebrafish utricular tissue culture using spectrophotometry and the fluorescent ROS detector dye, H2DCFDA. Then, we examined whether L-serine could prevent the effect of cisplatin against cellular viability in the mouse auditory hybridoma cell line, HEI-OC1, using the spectrophotometric (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay. As a final step, we used H2DCFDA dye and flow cytometry analysis to determine if L-serine could counteract the effect of cisplatin on ROS production in this cell line. We found that cisplatin and L-serine treatment may influence ROS production in utricular tissue. Further, although L-serine did not counteract the effect of cisplatin against HEI-OC1 cellular viability, the amino acid did prevent the platinum compound's effect to increase ROS in these cells. These results suggest that L-serine may act in auditory and vestibular tissues as an effective protectant against cisplatin-mediated toxicity.
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Enhancement of Quercetin-Induced Apoptosis by Cotreatment with Autophagy Inhibitor Is Associated with Augmentation of BAK-Dependent Mitochondrial Pathway in Jurkat T Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7989276. [PMID: 31827702 PMCID: PMC6885204 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7989276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A flavonoid antioxidant quercetin promotes dose-dependent activation of the ATM-CHK-p53 pathway, downregulation of antiapoptotic survivin, and upregulation of proapoptotic NOXA in human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia Jurkat clones (J/Neo and J/BCL-XL). However, the downregulation of antiapoptotic BAG3 and MCL-1 occurred in J/Neo cells but not in J/BCL-XL cells overexpressing BCL-XL. Additionally, several BCL-XL-sensitive intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic events including apoptotic sub-G1 cell accumulation, TUNEL-positive DNA fragmentation, BAK activation, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) loss, caspase-9/caspase-8/caspase-3 activation, and PARP cleavage were induced only in J/Neo cells. Both cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS levels were elevated in quercetin-treated J/Neo cells; however, the ROS elevations were almost completely abrogated in J/BCL-XL cells, suggesting the ROS elevations were downstream of BCL-XL-sensitive mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. Wild-type A3, FADD-deficient I2.1, and caspase-8-deficient I9.2 Jurkat clones exhibited similar susceptibilities to the cytotoxicity of quercetin, excluding an involvement of extrinsic pathway in triggering the apoptosis. The autophagic events such as attenuation of AKT-mTOR pathway, formation of acridine orange-stainable acidic vesicular organelles, conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-I (LC3-I) to LC3-II, and downregulation of p62/SQSTM1 level were detected in quercetin-treated J/Neo and J/BCL-XL cells, regardless of BCL-XL overexpression. Cotreatment with the autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine, LY294002, or chloroquine) resulted in a significant enhancement of quercetin-induced BAK activation and subsequently the mitochondrial damage-mediated apoptosis pathway by augmenting the downregulation of BAG3 and MCL-1 levels in J/Neo cells. These results demonstrated that quercetin induces intrinsic apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy, and autophagy inhibition can potentiate BAK-dependent apoptotic activity of quercetin in Jurkat T cells.
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Bai Z, Liu X, Guan Q, Ding N, Wei Q, Tong B, Zhao M, Zhang W, Ma L. 5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-4-methyl-2-(p-tolyl) imidazol (BZML) targets tubulin and DNA to induce anticancer activity and overcome multidrug resistance in colorectal cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 315:108886. [PMID: 31682804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, and multidrug resistance (MDR) reduces the efficiency of anticancer drugs. Therefore, the development of novel anticancer drugs that are highly active against CRC with MDR is urgently needed. Our previous study showed that 5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-4-methyl-2-(p-tolyl) imidazol (BZML) is not a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and has a potent anticancer effect against paclitaxel -sensitive or -resistant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we found that BZML exhibited strong anticancer activity not only in sensitive CRC cells (SW480 and HCT-116 cells) but also in intrinsically drug-resistant CRC cells (Caco2 cells). In addition, by targeting the colchicine binding site, BZML inhibited tubulin polymerization, which induced G2/M phase arrest, and it caused DNA damage by directly targeting DNA or producing ROS. Further, BZML induced apoptosis through the time-dependent ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in the CRC cells. Additionally, BZML inhibited P-gp-mediated drug efflux and enhanced the inhibition of the cell growth that had been induced by paclitaxel or doxorubicin in Caco2 cells. In summary, BZML is a multi-targeted anticancer drug that targets tubulin and DNA, and the mechanisms underlying its potent anticancer activity involve disrupting microtubule assembly, causing DNA damage, inducing cell cycle arrest and eventually activating the ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in SW480, HCT-116 and Caco2 cells. Therefore, the novel compound BZML is a promising anticancer drug that has tremendous potential for CRC treatment, especially for the treatment of drug-resistant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshi Bai
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Nianyang Ding
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bending Tong
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weige Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lingman Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
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