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Germano C, Calvanese C, Dell' Aversana Orabona G, Abbate V, Bonavolontà P. Role of Dermatix in the Management of Eyelid Hypertrophic Scars After Facial Trauma. Cureus 2024; 16:e61450. [PMID: 38947592 PMCID: PMC11214822 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Facial trauma can cause skin wounds with uneven and discoloured edges that require healing by secondary intention. These wounds often produce excess collagen fibres, leading to fibrosis and hypertrophic scars that can cause discomfort and negatively impact the patient's quality of life. A man suffered facial trauma due to a motor vehicle accident, resulting in a fracture of the left zygomatic-maxillary complex. He underwent surgery to fix the fracture and reconstruct his eyelid but developed a hypertrophic scar during recovery that caused eye dryness and discomfort. To treat the scar, Dermatix silicone gel (SG) (Viatris, Canonsburg, PA) was applied twice a day. After two months of treatment, the scar had improved significantly, and the patient's eyelid function had also improved. This case describes the use of Dermatix SG to treat a patient with a traumatic hypertrophic scar of the eyelid associated with eyelid malposition. Silicone gel is a non-invasive treatment for scars and has been shown to be effective in reducing scar elevation and erythema. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding the routine use of SG to preserve functionality and aesthetics in traumatic hypertrophic scars of complex anatomical structures. Further studies are needed to understand the principles of using SG for these types of scars to improve functional and aesthetic outcomes. Applying Dermatix SG twice a day for 60 days corrected a patient's functional and aesthetic issues. More studies should be conducted to investigate the product's effectiveness further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Germano
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ITA
| | - Carlo Calvanese
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ITA
| | - Giovanni Dell' Aversana Orabona
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ITA
| | - Vincenzo Abbate
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ITA
| | - Paola Bonavolontà
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ITA
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Clark NW, Barrett DM, Kahmke RR, Powers DB, Woodard CR. Soft Tissue Trauma: Critical Recognition and Timing of Intervention in Emergency Presentations. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2023; 56:1003-1012. [PMID: 37328319 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The facial trauma surgeon will see a variety of facial injuries. Recognition of emergency cases and proper intervention is and this article aims to highlight those cases and the respective proper interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Clark
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Communication Sciences, Duke South Yellow Zone, 4000 DUMC Box 3805, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dane M Barrett
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Communication Sciences, Duke South Yellow Zone, 4000 DUMC Box 3805, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Russel R Kahmke
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Communication Sciences, Duke South Yellow Zone, 4000 DUMC Box 3805, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David B Powers
- Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgery, DUMC 2955, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Charles R Woodard
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Communication Sciences, Duke South Yellow Zone, 4000 DUMC Box 3805, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Huang J, Rossen J, Rahmani B, Mets-Halgrimson R. Pediatric Eyelid and Canalicular Lacerations: Epidemiology and Outcomes. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2023; 60:33-38. [PMID: 35446197 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20220321-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the epidemiology of eyelid lacerations, identify risk factors for canalicular involvement, and describe postoperative complications following laceration repair. METHODS All patients undergoing eyelid laceration repair at a tertiary care, level I trauma center children's hospital from November 2010 to April 2021 were identified by a Current Procedural Terminology code search. Patient characteristics, surgical characteristics, and surgical outcomes were collected via chart review. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors for canalicular involvement and postoperative complication. RESULTS A total of 165 patients were identified, of whom 136 had at least 1 week of follow-up and were further assessed for postoperative complications. The most common mechanisms of injury were dog bites (62, 38%), falls (33, 20%), and being struck by an object (22, 13%). Eyelid margin involvement was present in 108 patients (65%) and canalicular involvement in 77 patients (47%). Risk factors for canalicular involvement were hook-related injury, eyelid margin involvement, and lower eyelid injury. Thirty-three patients (24%) had postoperative complications, most commonly ptosis (7, 5%), premature stent loss (7, 5%), and eyelid margin notching (6, 4%). There was no association between postoperative complication and antibiotic use, delayed repair, or wound class. CONCLUSIONS Hook-related injury, eyelid margin involvement, and lower eyelid injury are risk factors for canalicular involvement. Postoperative complications of eyelid lacerations are generally minor and are not associated with perioperative factors. Close postoperative follow-up is needed to monitor for complication development. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2023;60(1):33-38.].
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Preliminary Study of the Treatment Strategy for Retaining Traumatic Foreign Bodies Involving the Carotid Artery. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:475-479. [PMID: 36138542 PMCID: PMC9944749 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Craniomaxillofacial trauma is usually accompanied by indwelling foreign bodies, and some of those are close to the carotid artery, which increases the risks and difficulties of surgical treatment. The introduction of interventional radiology combined with image-guided surgical navigation may be a good solution for precise surgery to remove foreign bodies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Four patients were included in the study. All patients underwent digital subtraction angiography and enhanced computed tomography before surgery. The patients were divided into 3 categories (A, B, and C) according to the presence of carotid artery damage and its positional relationship with the foreign body, and 3 corresponding treatment strategies were developed. Treatments were completed using interventional radiology and surgical navigation systems. RESULTS All foreign bodies were completely removed, except for 1 remaining in the jugular foramen in a patient. The prognosis of all patients was good, and no systemic complications occurred. CONCLUSION The combined interventional radiology and surgical navigation method proposed in this study is an effective method to improve the accuracy and safety of foreign body removal surgery.
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The Orbital Bones Protect the Globe From Sharp Periorbital Trauma Injuries. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:e84-e88. [PMID: 36000758 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bones of the orbit hold the globe and periocular structures and protect it and other periocular contents. This has been shown in blowout orbital fractures, as well as in high-energy injuries to the periorbital region. However, there is little information regarding how the orbital bones protect the globe after periorbital trauma from sharp objects. OBJECTIVES This study reports 4 cases of traumatic injury from sharp objects to the periorbital area and eyelids to demonstrate the protective features of the orbital bones. RESULTS The anatomy of the periorbital bones clearly protected the globe from direct trauma in all the 4 cases. CONCLUSIONS There was no harm to the orbit or visual impairment after the successful treatment with definitive surgery.
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Parsons MS, Policeni B, Juliano AF, Agarwal M, Benjamin ER, Burns J, Doerr T, Dubey P, Friedman ER, Gule-Monroe MK, Gutowski KA, Hagiwara M, Jain V, Rath TJ, Shian B, Surasi DS, Taheri MR, Zander D, Corey AS. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Imaging of Facial Trauma Following Primary Survey. J Am Coll Radiol 2022; 19:S67-S86. [PMID: 35550806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Maxillofacial trauma patients comprise a significant subset of patients presenting to emergency departments. Before evaluating for facial trauma, an emergency or trauma physician must perform a primary survey to ensure patient stabilization. Following this primary survey, this document discusses the following clinical scenarios for facial trauma: tenderness to palpation or contusion or edema over frontal bone (suspected frontal bone injury); pain with upper jaw manipulation or pain overlying zygoma or zygomatic deformity or facial elongation or malocclusion or infraorbital nerve paresthesia (suspected midface injury); visible nasal deformity or palpable nasal deformity or tenderness to palpation of the nose or epistaxis (suspected nasal bone injury); and trismus or malocclusion or gingival hemorrhage or mucosal hemorrhage or loose teeth or fractured teeth or displaced teeth (suspected mandibular injury). The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew S Parsons
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Saint Louis, Missouri; Director of Neuroimaging, Barnes West County Hospital, St Louis, Missouri, 2007-present; Director of Neuroimaging, Phelps County Hospital, Rolla, Missouri, 2019-present; Emergency Department Neuroradiology Director, 2017-present; Neuroradiology Quality and Safety Officer, 2017-present; Assistant Radiology Residency Program Director, 2019-present; American Society of Head and Neck Radiology, 2011-present; American Roentgen Ray Society, 2014-present; Abstract Review Subcommittee-Neuroradiology Section 2017-present; American Society of Spine Radiology, 2015-present; Abstracts Committee 2021-2022; Co-Chair, Website Committee 2021-2022; Social Media Committee 2021-2022.
| | - Bruno Policeni
- Panel Chair, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Amy F Juliano
- Panel Vice-Chair, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; ACR Chair NI-RADS committee; and Mass Eye and Ear Director of Research and Academic Affairs
| | - Mohit Agarwal
- Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Fellowship Program Director
| | - Elizabeth R Benjamin
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; American Association for the Surgery of Trauma; and Trauma Medical Director, Grady Memorial Hospital Chair, Georgia Regional Trauma Advisory Committee, Region 3, Director of Surgical Simulation, Grady Memorial Hospital
| | - Judah Burns
- Residency Program Director, Diagnostic Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Timothy Doerr
- Ambulatory Medical Director, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Prachi Dubey
- Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas; and Alternate Councilor, TRS and Member ACR Neuroradiology Commission
| | | | - Maria K Gule-Monroe
- Medical Director of Imaging at Woodlands Houston Area Location, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Karol A Gutowski
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; American Society of Plastic Surgeons
| | - Mari Hagiwara
- Neuroradiology Fellowship Program Director, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Vikas Jain
- Assistant Program Director of Radiology Residency Program, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tanya J Rath
- Division Chair of Neuroradiology; Education Director of Neuroradiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona; and President of the ENRS
| | - Brian Shian
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; Primary care physician
| | - Devaki Shilpa Surasi
- Patient Safety and Quality Officer, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Commission on Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
| | - M Reza Taheri
- Director of Neuroradiology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - David Zander
- Chief of Head and Neck Radiology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Amanda S Corey
- Specialty Chair, Atlanta VA Health Care System and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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The Use of Porcine Exenteration Specimens for Simulated Surgical Training in Ophthalmology. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 37:601-602. [PMID: 34735391 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yuan H, Zhang YZ, Jie H, Li SL. The Application of Tissue Glue in Eyelid Laceration Repair in Children During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Lockdown in Wuhan. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:541-546. [PMID: 34045878 PMCID: PMC8146746 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s308092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss a rapid and effective treatment used for children with eyelid lacerations during the COVID-19 lockdown in Wuhan to limit the risk of cross-infection. METHODS A comparative study was conducted of forty-five patients with eyelid lacerations who attended the Ophthalmology Department of Wuhan Children's Hospital between January 23, 2020 and March 6, 2020. The tissue glue Histoacryl was used to bond the wounds in 24 cases, while the traditional suture method was used for 21 cases. The wound healing time, complications, treatment satisfaction, and number of visits of the two groups were compared. RESULTS The two groups had similar baseline characteristics. The wound healing time (from wound disinfection to wound dressing) was shorter in the tissue glue group (4.35 ± 0.47min versus 11.71 ± 1.85 min, P< 0.01). There was 1 case of wound dehiscence in the tissue glue group. Twenty-two cases in the tissue glue group were satisfied, 2 cases were basically satisfied, and 0 were dissatisfied. Eleven cases in the traditional suture group were satisfied, 9 cases were basically satisfied, and 1 case was dissatisfied. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In terms of the number of visits, the tissue glue group visited (1.54 ± 0.88) times, while the traditional suture group visited (2.38 ± 0.59) times. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 of all medical staff in the ophthalmology emergency room were negative. CONCLUSION Compared with the traditional suture method, tissue glue used in eyelid laceration in children has the advantages of painlessness, shorter operation duration, higher safety and satisfaction, greater ease of care, and fewer hospital visits. Tissue glue can be widely used to reduce the risk of cross-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Jie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Lian Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, People’s Republic of China
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Seol Y, Dweck M. Periorbital Soft Tissue Trauma. Facial Plast Surg 2021; 37:463-472. [PMID: 33657628 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Eyelid trauma occurs across a broad spectrum of pathology, ranging from simple periorbital lacerations to severe, vision-threatening injuries requiring expert oculoplastic consultation. Any injury, no matter how benign, is also inherently cosmetically sensitive, further adding to the reconstructive challenge. In this review, we discuss the anatomy of the eyelid and develop an understanding of evaluating for signs of more serious, potentially occult, trauma. A framework is developed for approaching the patient with periorbital trauma to assess for injury and triage necessary treatments. Damage to the lacrimal drainage system, which can be particularly difficult to detect and repair, is specifically emphasized and explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Seol
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Monica Dweck
- Department of Ophthalmology and Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Abstract
Patients who experience trauma to the eyelid or the orbit may present to their primary care providers or directly to the emergency room for evaluation of their injuries. These patients will often be in pain and may have bleeding around the eye, which can make evaluation of these patients difficult. Many traumatic injuries to the eye require quick and immediate intervention. In this article, we will review the background, anatomy, exam and management of some of the most common eye traumas including eyelid lacerations, orbital hemorrhages, intraorbital foreign bodies, and orbital fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail A Gordon
- Division of Internal Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Lillian T Tran
- Division of Ophthalmology, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Paul O Phelps
- Division of Ophthalmology, NorthShore University Health System, 2050 Pfingsten Rd., Ste. 280, Glenview, IL 60026, United States; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Alhammad F, Galindo-Ferreiro A, Khandekar R, Al-Sheikh O, Alzaher F, Schellini S. Management outcomes of canalicular laceration in children. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2020; 34:101-106. [PMID: 33575530 PMCID: PMC7866718 DOI: 10.4103/1319-4534.305041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: To report the epidemiological data, clinical profile, management, and outcomes of canalicular lacerations in the pediatric age group in a tertiary eye care hospital in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated pediatric patients who underwent canalicular laceration repair in the last 15 years at King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH), Saudi Arabia. Demographics, causes of injury, type of trauma, surgical approach, and outcomes were analyzed. The success of repair was defined as the absence of epiphora after canaliculus repair with negative dye disappearance test (DDT). Success within subgroups was compared. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The study sample was comprised of 43 patients, with a median age of 6.35 years (range, 1.77–17.96 years). Most of the patients were males (69.8%). Sharp objects were the most common cause of canalicular laceration (46.5%), being 9 (20.9 %) caused by a metallic clothing hanger. Lower canaliculus was involved in 65.1%, upper canaliculus in 32.6%, and both canaliculi in 2.3% of patients. Canaliculus repair was performed with a bicanalicular stent in 58.1 % and monocanalicular stent in 41.9 % of patients.The success rate and risk of complications using bicanalicular or monocanalicular stent did not differ (P = 0.065). Functional success was achieved in 87.5% of patients. CONCLUSION: Canalicular laceration is common in male children, mainly affecting the lower canaliculus. There was no difference in success rate between monocanalicular and bicanalicular stent. As canalicular laceration could be related to social determinants, the main causes should be highlighted in community health education initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Alhammad
- Oculoplastics and Orbit Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Oculoplastics and Orbit Department, Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rajiv Khandekar
- Oculoplastics and Orbit Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Al-Sheikh
- Oculoplastics and Orbit Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Alzaher
- Oculoplastics and Orbit Department, Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Silvana Schellini
- Oculoplastics and Orbit Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Ophthalmology Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Alhammad F, Galindo-Ferreiro A, Khandekar R, Al-Sheikh O, Alzaher F, Schellini S. Management Outcomes of Canalicular Laceration in Children. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Apart From Surgical Procedures, Another Important Point to Note in Lacrimal Canalicular Lacerations. J Craniofac Surg 2019; 30:2115-2118. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Ali MJ, Paulsen F. Human Lacrimal Drainage System Reconstruction, Recanalization, and Regeneration. Curr Eye Res 2019; 45:241-252. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1580376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javed Ali
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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