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Dewi MK, Chaerunisaa AY, Muhaimin M, Joni IM. Improved Activity of Herbal Medicines through Nanotechnology. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12224073. [PMID: 36432358 PMCID: PMC9695685 DOI: 10.3390/nano12224073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals or secondary metabolites are substances produced by plants that have been shown to have many biological activities, providing a scientific basis for using herbs in traditional medicine. In addition, the use of herbs is considered to be safe and more economical compared to synthetic medicine. However, herbal medicines have disadvantages, such as having low solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Some of them can undergo physical and chemical degradation, which reduces their pharmacological activity. In recent decades, nanotechnology-based herbal drug formulations have attracted attention due to their enhanced activity and potential for overcoming the problems associated with herbal medicine. Approaches using nanotechnology-based delivery systems that are biocompatible, biodegradable, and based on lipids, polymers, or nanoemulsions can increase the solubility, stability, bioavailability, and pharmacological activity of herbals. This review article aims to provide an overview of the latest advances in the development of nanotechnology-based herbal drug formulations for increased activity, as well as a summary of the challenges these delivery systems for herbal medicines face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayang Kusuma Dewi
- Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Jatinangor Km 21,5, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Muhaimin Muhaimin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - I Made Joni
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
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Toxicity, Antioxidant Activity, and Phytochemicals of Basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) Leaves Cultivated in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091239. [PMID: 35563962 PMCID: PMC9102432 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the most common aromatic herbs, a rich source of bioactive compounds, and is used extensively to add aroma and flavor to food. The leaves, both in fresh and dried form, are used as a culinary ingredient in different cultures. O. basilicum is also famous for its therapeutic potential and preservation effects. The present study investigated the cytotoxicity of basil at three different growth stages (GS), i.e., GS-1 (58 days of growth), GS-2 (69 days of growth), and GS-3 (93 days of growth) using the brine shrimp lethality assay. The results revealed that cytotoxicity was influenced by GS and the concentration of extracts. Aqueous extracts of basil at a concentration of 10 to 1000 µg/mL did not show notable toxicity. The lowest mortality rate, i.e., 8.9%, was recorded for GS-2 at the highest tested dose of basil extracts. The mortality rate at GS-1, GS-2, and GS-3 was found to be 26.7 ± 3.34%, 8.91 ± 0.10%, and 16.7 ± 0.34%, respectively, at 1000 µg/mL. GS-2 basil powder with the lowest toxicological risk was extracted with different solvents, viz., n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethanol, and water. The highest concentration of plant secondary metabolites including total phenolic acid, flavonoids, and tannin content was observed in ethanol extracts. Ethanol extracts also exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH, FRAP and H2O2 assays. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis presented ethanol extracts of basil as a promising source of known health-promoting and therapeutic compounds such as rosmarinic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, liquiritigenin, and umbelliferone. The results suggest basil, a culinary ingredient, as a potential source of bioactive compounds which may offer an array of health promoting and therapeutic properties.
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Mishra D, Khare P, Singh DK, Yadav V, Luqman S, Kumar PA, Shanker K. Synthesis of Ocimum extract encapsulated cellulose nanofiber/chitosan composite for improved antioxidant and antibacterial activities. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Research of Inonotus obliquus Oligosaccharide in Prevention of Hyperlipidemia. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/1174452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, hot water was used to extract Inonotus obliquus oligosaccharide. DEAE-cellulose and Sepharose G-200 were used to purify Inonotus obliquus oligosaccharide. Inonotus obliquus oligosaccharide IOP-2A was obtained. Its molecular weight Mw is about 1000 Da. The monosaccharide composition and molar ratio were glucose : xylose : galactose : mannose = 54.1 : 13.6 : 13.2 : 6.7. In addition, it also contains a small amount of galactose, gluconic acid, rhamnose, and fucose. IOP-2A contained mainly β-glycosidic bonds. Among them, 1,4-glycosidic bonds accounted for 9.2%, and 1,6-glycosidic bonds accounted for 85.1%. Oligosaccharide macromolecules formed a layered structure. Mouse experiments showed that IOP-2A had the function of preventing hyperlipidemia. At the same time, IOP-2A had a certain protective effect on the liver and kidney. The mechanism of IOP-2A in preventing hyperlipidemia was obtained from the perspective of mouse intestinal flora.
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Gudise V, Chowdhury B, Manjappa AS. Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Argyreia pierreana and Matelea denticulata: Higher activity of the micellar nanoformulation over the crude extract. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 11:259-267. [PMID: 34012872 PMCID: PMC8116714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Herbal medicine combined with nanotechnology is widely proposed to improve the oral bioavailability, reduce the required dose and side effects, and improve the pharmacological efficacy of extracts. Thus, this study evaluated the in vivo antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities of ethanolic leaf extracts of Argyreia pierreana (AP) and Matelea denticulata (MP) plants in comparison with their micellar nanoformulations. Materials and methods The mixed micelles (MMs) loaded with crude extracts (CEs) of AP and MD (AP-MMs and MD-MMs) were prepared using a film dispersion technique. Type 2 diabetes was induced in rats using high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose (35 mg/kg) streptozotocin (STZ) injection. The pharmacological actions of CEs, AP-MMs and MD-MMs were determined in type 2 diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. Results Oral treatments with low-dose AP-MMs and MD-MMs having a mean particle size of 163 ± 10 nm and 145 ± 8 nm respectively, resulted in significantly decreased fasting blood glucose level and increased serum insulin, glucokinase levels, and normalized the elevated levels of hemoglobin A1C and glucose-6-phosphatase. Both extracts significantly decreased serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein, as well as elevated high-density lipoprotein levels. Additionally, improvements in antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and malondialdehyde levels were evidenced clearly in tested vital organs (brain, heart, liver). Conclusion This is the first report of the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities of ethanolic leaf extracts of AP and MP plants. Our findings indicate the potential utility of nanotechnology in improving the oral therapeutic efficacy of herbal extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataiah Gudise
- Department of Pharmacology, SSJ College of Pharmacy, Vattinagulapally, Gandipet, Hyderabad-500075, Telangana State, India
| | - Bimalendu Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacology, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khodasingi, Berhampur-760010, Odisha, India
| | - Arehalli S Manjappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar-416113, Maharashtra, India
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Effect of Aqueous Extract and Polyphenol Fraction Derived from Thymus atlanticus Leaves on Acute Hyperlipidemia in the Syrian Golden Hamsters. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3282596. [PMID: 32308705 PMCID: PMC7142347 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3282596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Thymus atlanticus, an endemic plant of Morocco, is traditionally used as a liniment or a drink to treat various diseases. However, there are few available scientific data regarding its biological effects. In this connection, the present study aimed to investigate the hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of aqueous extract and polyphenol fraction of Thymus atlanticus in Syrian golden hamsters treated with Triton WR-1339 (triton, 20 mg/100 g body weight). The hamsters orally received the extracts (400 mg/kg), and blood samples were collected after 24 h of treatment to determine plasma lipid, insulin, and fasting blood glucose levels. Plasma malondialdehyde level and plasma total antioxidant (TAS) were also evaluated. The T. atlanticus extracts significantly decreased triglycerides, total cholesterol, VLDL-C, and LDL-C and increased HDL-C when compared with the hyperlipidemic group. Both extracts suppressed the effect of the triton injection on TAS and reduced the level of plasma malondialdehyde. The extracts produced no significant change in the blood glucose level but effectively prevented the mild hyperinsulinemia induced by triton. These findings suggest that T. atlanticus may be a useful alternative treatment for the control of hyperlipidemia and its related diseases.
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Georgia-Eirini D, Athina S, Wim VB, Christos K, Theodoros C. Natural Products from Mediterranean Diet: From Anti-hyperlipidemic Agents to Dietary Epigenetic Modulators. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:825-844. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407215666190628150921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) are, currently, the major contributor to global
mortality and will continue to dominate mortality rates in the future. Hyperlipidemia refers to the elevated
levels of lipids and cholesterol in the blood, and is also identified as dyslipidemia, manifesting in
the form of different disorders of lipoprotein metabolism. These abnormalities may lead to the development
of atherosclerosis, which can lead to coronary artery disease and stroke. In recent years, there
is a growing interest in the quest for alternative therapeutic treatments based on natural products, offering
better recovery and the avoidance of side effects. Recent technological advances have further improved
our understanding of the role of epigenetic mechanisms in hyperlipidemic disorders and dietary
prevention strategies.
Objective:
This is a comprehensive overview of the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of plant extracts, vegetables,
fruits and isolated compounds thereof, with a focus on natural products from the Mediterranean
region as well as the possible epigenetic changes in gene expression or cardiometabolic signaling
pathways.
Methods:
For the purpose of this study, we searched the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases
for eligible articles and publications over the last five years. The keywords included: “hyperlipidemia”,
“plant extract”, “herbs”, “natural products”, “vegetables”, “cholesterol” and others. We initially
included all relevant articles referring to in vitro studies, animal studies, Randomized Controlled
Trials (RCTs) and previous reviews.
Conclusion:
Many natural products found in the Mediterranean diet have been studied for the treatment
of hyperlipidemia. The antihyperlipidemic effect seems to be dose and/or consumption frequency
related, which highlights the fact that a healthy diet can only be effective in reversing disease markers
if it is consistent and within the framework of a healthy lifestyle. Finally, epigenetic biomarkers are increasingly
recognized as new lifestyle management tools to monitor a healthy dietary lifestyle for the
prevention of hyperlipidaemic disorders and comorbidities to promote a healthy life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deligiannidou Georgia-Eirini
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Sygkouna Athina
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Vanden Berghe Wim
- Lab of Protein Science, Proteomics & Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical sciences, University Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kontogiorgis Christos
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Constantinides Theodoros
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
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Jasim SH, Abu Sheikha GM, Abuzaid HM, Al-Qirim TM, Shattat GF, Sabbah DA, Ata SA, Ala SA, Aboumair MS, Sweidan KA, Bkhaitan MM. Synthesis and in Vivo Lipid-Lowering Activity of Novel Imidazoles-5-carboxamide Derivatives in Triton-WR-1339-Induced Hyperlipidemic Wistar Rats. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:953-958. [PMID: 30270241 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new series of imidazole-5-carboxamide derivatives were prepared and tested for their anti-hyperlipidemic activity in Triton-WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic Wistar rats. The purpose of this research was to improve benzophenone carboxamides water solubility maintaining at the same time the antihyperlipidemic activity. Compounds 4, 6, 10, and 11 were synthesized through a coupling reaction between imidazoles-5-carbonyl chloride and amino benzophenones. The tested animals (n=48) were divided into six groups: the first group (hyperlipidemic control group; HCG) received an intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of (300 mg/kg) Triton WR-1339. The second group received i.p. injection of Triton WR-1339 followed by an intra-gastric administration of bezafibrate (100 mg/kg) (bezafibrate; BF). The third, fourth, fifth, and sixth groups received i.p. injection of Triton WR-1339 followed by an intra-gastric administration of (30 mg/kg) of compounds 4, 6, 10, and 11, respectively. At a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight compounds 4, 6, 10, and 11 significantly (p<0.0001) decreased the plasma level of triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) levels after 18 h of treatment. Additionally, compounds 4, 6, 11 and bezafibrate (100 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.0001) increased the plasma level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, which is known for its preventive role against atherogenesis. These results demonstrate the possibility of pharmacokinetic properties improvement maintaining the biological and pharmacological profile of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ghassan F Shattat
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
| | - Dima A Sabbah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan
| | | | - Samah A Ala
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan
| | | | | | - Majdi M Bkhaitan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University
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