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Niu L, Kong S, Chu F, Huang Y, Lai K. Investigation of Advanced Glycation End-Products, α-Dicarbonyl Compounds, and Their Correlations with Chemical Composition and Salt Levels in Commercial Fish Products. Foods 2023; 12:4324. [PMID: 38231755 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The contents of free and protein-bound advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) including Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) and Nε-carboxyethyllysine (CEL), along with glyoxal (GO), methylglyoxal (MGO), chemical components, and salt in commercially prepared and prefabricated fish products were analyzed. Snack food classified as commercially prepared products exhibited higher levels of GO (25.00 ± 3.34-137.12 ± 25.87 mg/kg of dry matter) and MGO (11.47 ± 1.39-43.23 ± 7.91 mg/kg of dry matter). Variations in the contents of free CML and CEL increased 29.9- and 73.0-fold, respectively. Protein-bound CML and CEL in commercially prepared samples were higher than those in raw prefabricated ones due to the impact of heat treatment. Levels of GO and MGO demonstrated negative correlations with fat (R = -0.720 and -0.751, p < 0.05) in commercially prepared samples, whereas positive correlations were observed (R = 0.526 and 0.521, p < 0.05) in raw prefabricated ones. The heat-induced formation of protein-bound CML and CEL showed a negative correlation with the variations of GO and MGO but was positively related to protein levels in prefabricated products, suggesting that GO and MGO may interact with proteins to generate AGEs during heating. The influence of NaCl on the formation of GO and MGO exhibited variations across different fish products, necessitating further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Niu
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, No. 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Shanshan Kong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Hucheng Huan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai 201306, China
- Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-Processing Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Fuyu Chu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Hucheng Huan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai 201306, China
- Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-Processing Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yiqun Huang
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, 960, 2nd Section, Wanjiali South Road, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Keqiang Lai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Hucheng Huan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai 201306, China
- Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-Processing Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Bai X, Li Y, Liang W, Xia X, Bian C. Formation of advanced glycation end products of chicken breast meat induced by freeze-thaw cycles and subsequent cooking. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 244:125387. [PMID: 37330105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles and cooking on the basic composition, protein and lipid oxidation, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) of chicken breasts were studied. During F-T cycles, the moisture and protein contents of raw and cooked chicken breasts decreased, and protein and lipid oxidation occurred, increasing carbonyl and TBARS contents. Meanwhile, the contents of methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and hydroxymethylfurfural in raw meat increased by 2.27, 2.27, and 5 times, respectively, whereas glyoxal and hydroxymethylfurfural contents increased by 2.73 and 3 times, respectively, after cooking as F-T cycles increased. The formation of carboxymethyl lysine, pentosidine, and fluorescent AGEs in cooked samples was confirmed using an ELISA kit and fluorescent intensity. The study also revealed that AGEs contents of chicken meat were negatively correlated with moisture contents and positively correlated with carbonyl and TBARS levels. Therefore, F-T cycles and subsequent cooking promoted AGEs formation in cooked meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Weiwei Liang
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Xiufang Xia
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Chun Bian
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
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Li L, Zhuang Y, Zou X, Chen M, Cui B, Jiao Y, Cheng Y. Advanced Glycation End Products: A Comprehensive Review of Their Detection and Occurrence in Food. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112103. [PMID: 37297348 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Maillard reaction (MR) is a complicated chemical process that has been extensively studied. Harmful chemicals known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs), with complex structures and stable chemical characteristics, are created during the final stage of the MR. AGEs can be formed both during the thermal processing of food and in the human body. The number of AGEs formed in food is much higher compared to endogenous AGEs. A direct connection exists between human health and the build-up of AGEs in the body, which can result in diseases. Therefore, it is essential to understand the content of AGEs in the food we consume. The detection methods of AGEs in food are expounded upon in this review, and the advantages, disadvantages, and application fields of these detection methods are discussed in depth. Additionally, the production of AGEs in food, their content in typical foods, and the mechanisms influencing their formation are summarized. Since AGEs are closely related to the food industry and human health, it is hoped that this review will further the detection of AGEs in food so that their content can be evaluated more conveniently and accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Li
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Yingjun Zhuang
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Xiuzhi Zou
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Maolong Chen
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Bo Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Ye Jiao
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Yunhui Cheng
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
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4
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Mechanism of natural antioxidants regulating advanced glycosylation end products of Maillard reaction. Food Chem 2023; 404:134541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Geng Y, Mou Y, Xie Y, Ji J, Chen F, Liao X, Hu X, Ma L. Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products: An Emerging Concern for Processed Foods. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2169867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Geng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Mou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingfeng Xie
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfu Ji
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Xinghua Industrial Research Centre for Food Science and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Xinghua, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjun Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Xinghua Industrial Research Centre for Food Science and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Xinghua, China
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Niu L, Yu H, Zhang L, Zhao Q, Lai K, Liu Y, Huang Y. Advanced glycation end-products in raw and commercially sterilized pork tenderloin and offal. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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