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Liu M, Tao M, Li J, Sang M, Wu X, Luo H, Zhang J. Functional of tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase with implications in innate immune reponse depend on CXXC active site. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 147:104901. [PMID: 37531973 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays an important role in promoting the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens. It is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in fishes' adaptive immunity. The open reading frame of tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) GILT (tsGILT) gene is 771 bp long, encoding 257 amino acids, with a calculated molecular weight of 28.465 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) of 5.35. After induction with lipopolysaccharide, the expression of tsGILT mRNA was upregulated in spleen and kidney and recombinant tsGILT protein transferred to late endosomes and lysosomes in HeLa cells. The refolded tsGILT was capable of catalyzing the reduction of the interchain disulfide bonds against an IgG substrate depend on the active site CXXC motif at residues 75-78. The process of immune response to bacteria challenge needs GILT to catalyze the reduction of disulfide bond and unfolding native protein antigens, promoting their hydrolysis by proteases. Whether a single mutation or a double mutation of active site CXXC at residues75-78, the 3D structure of tsGILT protein has undergone major changes and lost its activity of catalyzing the reduction of the interchain disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Liu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China; School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Mingxuan Tao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China; Institute of Aging Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, China
| | - Ming Sang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology Jiangsu Province Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Haibo Luo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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Gémez-Mata J, Souto S, Bandín I, Alonso MDC, Borrego JJ, Labella AM, García-Rosado E. Immune Response of Senegalese Sole against Betanodavirus Mutants with Modified Virulence. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111388. [PMID: 34832544 PMCID: PMC8621919 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), genus Betanodavirus, the etiological agent of the viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), presents a genome with two positive-sense single-stranded RNA segments. Striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV) and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), together with reassortants RGNNV/SJNNV, are the betanodaviruses predominantly isolated in Southern Europe. An RGNNV/SJNNV reassortant isolated from Senegalese sole (wt160) causes high mortalities in this fish species. This virus presents differences in the sequence of the 3’ non-coding region (NCR) of both segments compared to RGNNV and SJNNV reference strains. Previously, it has been reported that the reversion of two of these differences (nucleotides 1408 and 1412) in the RNA2 3’NCR to the SJNNV-type (recombinant r1408-1412) resulted in a decrease in sole mortality. In the present study, we have applied an OpenArray® to analyse the involvement of sole immune response in the virulence of several recombinants: the r1408-1412 and two recombinants, developed in the present study, harbouring mutations at positions 3073 and 3093 of RNA1 3’NCR to revert them to RGNNV-type. According to the correlation values and to the number of expressed genes, the infection with the RNA2-mutant provoked the most different immune response compared to the immune response triggered after the infection with the rest of the viruses, and the exclusive and high upregulation of genes related to the complement system. The infection with the RNA1-mutants also provoked a decrease in mortality and their replication was delayed at least 24 h compared to the wt160 replication, which could provoke the lag observed in the immune response. Furthermore, the infection with the RNA1-mutants provoked the exclusive expression of pkr and the downregulation of il17rc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gémez-Mata
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Mi-Crobiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (M.d.C.A.); (J.J.B.); (A.M.L.)
| | - Sandra Souto
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Isabel Bandín
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.S.); (I.B.)
| | - María del Carmen Alonso
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Mi-Crobiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (M.d.C.A.); (J.J.B.); (A.M.L.)
| | - Juan José Borrego
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Mi-Crobiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (M.d.C.A.); (J.J.B.); (A.M.L.)
| | - Alejandro Manuel Labella
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Mi-Crobiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (M.d.C.A.); (J.J.B.); (A.M.L.)
| | - Esther García-Rosado
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Mi-Crobiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (M.d.C.A.); (J.J.B.); (A.M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-952131607
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Fu J, Chen S, Zhao X, Luo Z, Zou P, Liu Y. Identification and characterization of the interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase gene in Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:55-59. [PMID: 30172908 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of disulfide bonds of exogenous antigens is crucial to the MHC-II class antigen processing and presenting pathway and is catalysed by interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT). In this study, a reptile GILT gene from Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis (PsGILT), was identified. The full-length cDNA of PsGILT is 1631 nucleotides (nt), including a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 3 nt, a 3'-UTR of 860 nt and an open reading frame (ORF) of 768 nt encoding 255 amino acids (aa). The conserved features in known GILTs, such as signal peptide, CXXC motif, GILT signature sequence, N-glycosylation site and conserved cysteines, were all found in the putative PsGILT protein. Genomic analysis revealed that PsGILT kept the "7 exons and 6 introns" structure of vertebrate GILT genes. PsGILT was expressed in all examined organs/tissues and was mainly expressed in spleen and blood. Increased mRNA expression levels of PsIFN-γ and PsGILT in PBLs were observed after induction with LPS, PolyI:C and recombinant IFN-γ (rIFN-γ). We also tested the reductase activity of rGILT in vitro and found that it could reduce intact human IgG into H chains and L chains. These above results implied that PsGILT may play an important role in resisting bacterial and viral infections, like other vertebrate GILTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330022, China
| | - Shannan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330022, China
| | - Zhang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Pengfei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330022, China.
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Cao F, Wu H, Lv T, Yang Y, Li Y, Liu S, Hu L, Xu X, Ma L, Zhang X, Li J, Bi X, Gu W, Zhang S. Molecular and biological characterization of gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 79:73-78. [PMID: 29729312 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays an important role in the processing of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens by catalyzing disulfide bonds reduction. Herein, a GILT homolog (ScGILT) was identified from silver carp. Its open reading frame covers 771 base pairs, encoding a protein of 256 amino acids that possesses GILT signature sequence CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, active-site CXXC motif, and two potential N-linked glycosylation sites. The predicted tertiary structures of ScGILT and other GILTs were quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs. ScGILT mRNA was constitutively expressed in all detected tissues, with high-level expression in fish immune organs, spleen and head kidney. After stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, the expression of ScGILT mRNA significantly increased in spleen and head kidney cells, and ScGILT protein translocated to late endosomes and lysosomes in HeLa cells. Recombinant ScGILT fused with a His6 tag was expressed and purified, and could reduce the interchain disulfide bonds of IgG at pH 4.5. These results suggested that ScGILT was capable of catalyzing disulfide bonds reduction, and then might play an important role in the processing of MHC class II-restricted antigens in silver carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Tongtong Lv
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunqing Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuaimei Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lingling Hu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xixi Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiaolin Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Qin Z, Babu VS, Wan Q, Zhou M, Liang R, Muhammad A, Zhao L, Li J, Lan J, Lin L. Transcriptome analysis of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) challenged by Vibrio parahaemolyticus reveals unique immune-related genes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:164-174. [PMID: 29567139 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is an important cultural species worldwide. However, Vibrio spp. infections have caused a great economic loss in Pacific white shrimp culture industry. The immune responses of Pacific white shrimp to the Vibrio spp. is not fully characterized. In this study, the transcriptomic profiles of L. vannamei hemocytes were explored by injecting with or without Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Totally, 42,632 high-quality unigenes were obtained from RNAseq data. Comparative genome analysis showed 2258 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following the Vibrio challenge, including 1017 up-regulated and 1241 down-regulated genes. Eight DEGs were randomly selected for further validation by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and the results showed that are consistent with the RNA-seq data. Due to the lack of predictable adaptive immunity, shrimps rely on an innate immune system to defend themselves against invading microbes by recognizing and clearing them through humoral and cellular immune responses. Here we focused our studies on the humoral immunity, five genes (SR, MNK, CTL3, GILT, and ALFP) were selected from the transcriptomic data, which were significantly up-regulated by V. parahaemolyticus infection. These genes were widely expressed in six different tissues and were up-regulated by both Gram negative bacteria (V. parahaemolyticus) and Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). To further extend our studies, we knock-down those five genes by dsRNA in L. vannamei and analyzed the functions of specific genes against V. parahaemolyticus and S. aureus by bacterial clearance analysis. We found that the ability of L. vannamei was significantly reduced in bacterial clearance when treated with those specific dsRNA. These results indicate that those five genes play essential roles in antibacterial immunity and have its specific functions against different types of pathogens. The obtained data will shed a new light on the immunity of L. vannamei and pave a new way for fighting against the bacterial infection in Pacific white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Qin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - V Sarath Babu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Quanyuan Wan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Risheng Liang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Asim Muhammad
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; School of Biological Sciences, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, MI, 49783, USA
| | - Jiangfeng Lan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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Yang Q, Zhang J, Hu L, Lu J, Sang M, Zhang S. Molecular structure and functional characterization of the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:689-696. [PMID: 26477576 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. In this study, we cloned a GILT gene homolog from largemouth bass (designated 'lbGILT'), a freshwater fish belonging to Perciformes and known for its nutritive value. We obtained the full-length cDNA of lbGILT by reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. This cDNA is comprised of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 189 bp, and an open reading frame of 771 bp. It encodes a protein of 256 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62. The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. Tissue-specific expression of lbGILT was shown by real-time quantitative PCR. The expression of lbGILT mRNA was obviously up regulated in spleen and kidney after induction with lipopolysaccharide. Recombinant lbGILT was produced as an inclusion body with a His6 tag in ArcticExpress (DE3), and the protein was then washed, solubilized, and refolded. The refolded lbGILT showed reduction activity against an IgG substrate. These results suggest that lbGILT plays a role in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lingling Hu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ming Sang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
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Huang WS, Duan LP, Huang B, Zhou LH, Liang Y, Tu CL, Zhang FF, Nie P, Wang T. Identification of three IFN-γ inducible lysosomal thiol reductase ( GILT )-like genes in mud crab Scylla paramamosain with distinct gene organizations and patterns of expression. Gene 2015; 570:78-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Li JF, Li J, Wang ZG, Liu HZ, Zhao YL, Zhang JX, Zhang SQ, Liu JP. Identification of interferon-γ-inducible-lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in goldfish (Carassius auratus) and its immune response to LPS challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 42:465-472. [PMID: 25447639 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) has been demonstrated to play an important role in the processing and presentation of MHC class II restricted antigen (Ag) by catalyzing disulfide bond reduction. In this study, we cloned a GILT gene homolog from goldfish (designated gGILT), a kind of precious freshwater fish with high market value. The open reading frame of gGILT consists of 756 bases encoding a protein of 251 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 27.8 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.24. The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, a GILT signature sequence, and 10 conserved cysteines. RT-PCR results showed that gGILT and gIFN-γ (goldfish IFN-γ) mRNA were expressed in a tissue-specific manner and obviously up-regulated in splenocytes and the cells from head kidney after induction with LPS. Recombinant gGILT fused with His6 tag was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Further study revealed that gGILT was capable of catalyzing the reduction of the interchain disulfide bonds from intact IgG. This study shows that gGILT may be involved in the immune response to bacteria challenge and maintain first line of innate immune defense at basal level in goldfish. It also provides the basis for investigating on the role of GILT using goldfish as an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Feng Li
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China.
| | - Jian Li
- The People's No 4 Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311225, China
| | - Zhi Guo Wang
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China
| | - Hong Zhen Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210046, China
| | - You Long Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210046, China
| | - Jin Xi Zhang
- The People's No 4 Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311225, China
| | - Shuang Quan Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210046, China.
| | - Jun Ping Liu
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China.
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Ren C, Chen T, Jiang X, Luo X, Wang Y, Hu C. The first echinoderm gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) identified from sea cucumber (Stichopus monotuberculatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 42:41-49. [PMID: 25449705 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) has been described as a key enzyme that facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted antigen in mammals. In this study, the first echinoderm GILT named StmGILT was identified from sea cucumber (Stichopus monotuberculatus). The StmGILT cDNA is 1529 bp in length, containing a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 674 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 768 bp that encoding a protein of 255 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 27.82 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 4.73. The putative StmGILT protein possesses all the main characteristics of known GILT proteins, including a signature sequence, a reductase active site CXXC, twelve conserved cysteines, and two potential N-linked glycosylation sites. For the gene structure, StmGILT contains four exons separated by three introns. In the promoter region of StmGILT gene, an NF-κB binding site and an IFN-γ activation site were found. The thiol reductase activity of recombinant StmGILT protein was also demonstrated in this study. In addition, the highest level of mRNA expression was noticed in coelomocytes of S. monotuberculatus. In in vitro experiments performed in coelomocytes, the expression of StmGILT mRNA was significantly up-regulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), inactivated bacteria or polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] challenge, suggested that the sea cucumber GILT might play critical roles in the innate immune defending against bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| | - Xiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| | - Xing Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| | - Yanhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
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10
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Kongton K, McCall K, Phongdara A. Identification of gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) homologues in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 44:389-396. [PMID: 24491521 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) has been demonstrated to be involved in the immune response to bacterial challenge in various organisms. However, little is known about GILT function in innate immunity. Drosophila has been commonly used as a model for the study of the innate immune response of invertebrates. Here, we identify the CG9796, CG10157, and CG13822 genes of fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as GILT homologues. All deduced Drosophila GILT coding sequences contained the major characteristic features of the GILT protein family: the GILT signature CQHGX2ECX2NX4C sequence and the active site CXXC or CXXS motif. The mRNA transcript levels of the Drosophila GILT genes were up-regulated after Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli DH5α infection. Moreover, a bacterial load assay showed that over-expression of Drosophila GILT in fat body or hemocytes led to a low bacterial colony number whereas knock-down of Drosophila GILT in fat body or hemocytes led to a high bacterial colony number when compared to a wild-type control. These results indicate that the Drosophila GILTs are very likely to play a role in the innate immune response upon bacterial challenge of Drosophila host defense. This study may provide the basis for further study on GILT function in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittima Kongton
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kimberly McCall
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Amornrat Phongdara
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
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11
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Song J, Liu H, Ma L, Ma L, Gao C, Zhang S. Molecular cloning, expression and functional characterization of interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene from mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 38:275-281. [PMID: 24698993 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a key role in the processing and presentation of MHC class II-restricted antigen (Ag) by catalyzing disulfide bond reduction, thus unfolding native protein Ag and facilitating subsequent cleavage by proteases. For this important function in the immune system, we cloned a GILT gene homologue from mandarin fish (designated mGILT), a kind of precious freshwater fish with high market value. Through reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) strategies, we obtained the full-length cDNA of mGILT, which consists of 1008 bp with a 771 bp open reading frame, encoding a protein of 256 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of 28.47 kDa. The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, a GILT signature sequence, and 6 conserved cysteines. The result of real-time quantitative PCR showed that mGILT mRNA was expressed in a tissue-specific manner. In addition, the expression of mGILT mRNA was obviously up-regulated in splenocytes and kidney after induction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Recombinant mGILT fused with His6 tag was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified using Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid resin. Further study revealed that mGILT exhibit thiol reductase activity on IgG substrate. These results suggest mGILT is highly likely to play a role in the immune responses in mandarin fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Song
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Hongzhen Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Li Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Cuixiang Gao
- Medical Department, Yancheng Institute of Health Sciences, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Medical Department, Yancheng Institute of Health Sciences, Yancheng 224005, China.
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12
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Liu M, Ai H, Xiao W, Shen Y, Shen Y, Cui X, Zhang S. Identification of interferon-γ-inducible-lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene from Mefugu (Takifugu obscures) and its immune response to LPS challenge. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:120-127. [PMID: 23669023 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-γ-inducible-lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a key role in the processing and presentation of MHC class II-restricted antigen (Ag) by catalyzing disulfide bond reduction. In this study, a Mefugu cDNA (ToGILT) encodes a deduced protein of 242 amino acids with a putative molecular weight of 28.6 kDa. It contains typical features of GILT proteins including the signature sequence CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, CXXC motif and other five cysteines. Genomic analysis revealed that ToGILT gene exhibited a similar exon-intron organization to human and mouse GILT. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ToGILT derived from a common ancestor with other vertebrate GILT proteins. The ToGILT mRNA was expressed in a tissue-specific manner and obviously up-regulated in spleen and kidney after LPS induction. These results suggest that ToGILT may be involved in the immune response to bacteria challenge in Takifugu obscurus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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13
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Liu M, Liu H, Guan X, Ai H, Wu H, Liu P, Gu W, Zhang S. Characterization and expression of gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with implications for GILT in innate immune response. Immunogenetics 2013; 65:873-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-013-0701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Yang L, Cao X, Ji X, Liu H, Wu H, Gu W, Zhang S. Molecular structure, tissue distribution and functional characterization of interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in chicken (Gallus gallus). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 153:140-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Cui XW, Ji CB, Cao XG, Fu ZY, Zhang SQ, Guo XR. Molecular and biological characterization of interferon-γ-inducible-lysosomal thiol reductase gene in zebrafish (Danio rerio). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:1133-1138. [PMID: 22982335 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, interferon-γ-inducible-lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) has been demonstrated to play a key role in the processing and presentation of MHC class II-restricted antigen (Ag) by catalyzing disulfide bond reduction, thus unfolding native protein Ag and facilitating subsequent cleavage by proteases. Here, we reported the cloning of a GILT gene homologue from zebrafish (zGILT), a tropical freshwater fish. The full-length cDNA of zGILT gene is 768 nucleotides (nt) encoding a protein of 255 amino acids (aa), with a putative molecular weight of 28.33 kDa. The deduced protein is highly homologous to that of fish and mammalian GILTs and shares 57.1% sequence identity to that of Atlantic salmon and 55.7-21.6% sequence identity to that of various mammals. The deduced protein possesses all the main features characteristic of known GILT proteins including the signature sequence CQHGX2ECX2NX4C spanning residues 117-132, CXXC motif at residues 72-75, one potential sites for N-linked glycosylation at residual positions 54. The zGILT expression is obviously up-regulated in spleen and kidney after immunization with LPS although it also is constitutively expressed in heart, liver, muscle and intestine, suggesting that zGILT may be involved in the immune response to bacterial challenge. The soluble recombinant protein was successfully purified using Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid resin. Recombinant His-zsGILT appeared on SDS-PAGE in the ranges of their estimated size of 18.94-kDa. After purification, further study revealed that zsGILT was capable of catalyzing the reduction of the interchain disulfide bonds intact IgG. These results will allow for further investigation to unravel the role of this key enzyme in class II MHC-restricted antigen processing and to use zebrafish as an in vivo model for related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-wei Cui
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology & Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
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Isolation and characterization of LIGHT (TNFSF14) gene homologue in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:629-34. [PMID: 23041296 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) proteins are cytokines involved in many biological processes. In this study, the TNF superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14, LIGHT) has been isolated from zebrafish Danio rerio (designated zLIGHT). The full-length open reading frame (ORF) of zLIGHT cDNA consists of 708 bp encoding a protein of 235 amino acids. The zLIGHT open reading frame (ORF) genomic sequence consists of three introns and four exons, is about 9.9 kb in size. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis suggested that zLIGHT was predominantly expressed in zebrafish spleen. The soluble LIGHT (zsLIGHT) had been cloned into the pSUMO vector, SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis confirmed that the recombinant protein SUMO-zsLIGHT was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Laser scanning confocal microscopy analysis showed that SUMO-zsLIGHT could bind to its receptors on T cells. LIGHT is involved in many important biological effects, including up-regulating proinflammatory chemokines, cytokines, inducing cell death, apoptosis, and enhancing T cell survival. Zebrafish may conduct as a model animal for further research on LIGHT.
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17
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Cloning and expression analysis of interferon-γ-inducible-lysosomal thiol reductase gene in South African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:2091-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hastings KT, Cresswell P. Disulfide reduction in the endocytic pathway: immunological functions of gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:657-68. [PMID: 21506690 PMCID: PMC3125571 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is constitutively expressed in most antigen presenting cells and is interferon γ inducible in other cell types via signal transducer and activator of transcription 1. Normally, N- and C-terminal propeptides are cleaved in the early endosome, and the mature protein resides in late endosomes and lysosomes. Correspondingly, GILT has maximal reductase activity at an acidic pH. Monocyte differentiation via Toll-like receptor 4 triggers secretion of a disulfide-linked dimer of the enzymatically active precursor, which may contribute to inflammation. GILT facilitates major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted processing through reduction of protein disulfide bonds in the endocytic pathway and is hypothesized to expose buried epitopes for MHC class II binding. GILT can also facilitate the transfer of disulfide-containing antigens into the cytosol, enhancing their cross-presentation by MHC class I. A variety of antigens are strongly influenced by GILT-mediated reduction, including hen egg lysozyme, melanocyte differentiation antigens, and viral envelope glycoproteins. In addition, GILT is conserved among lower eukaryotes and likely has additional functions. For example, GILT expression increases the stability of superoxide dismutase 2 and decreases reactive oxygen species, which correlates with decreased cellular proliferation. It is also a critical host factor for infection with Listeria monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Taraszka Hastings
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona 85004,
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Molecular cloning and expression analysis of the interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase gene from the shrimp Penaeus monodon. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:3463-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Molecular cloning and expression analysis of porcine γ-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 126:163-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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