1
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Cao J. Functional Divergence of the N-Lobe and C-Lobe of Transferrin Gene in Pungitius sinensis (Amur Stickleback). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243458. [PMID: 36552378 PMCID: PMC9774405 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transferrin is an important iron-binding glycosylated protein and plays key roles in iron-binding and immune response. Here, a 2037-bp open reading frame was obtained from our previous transcriptome sequencing data of Amur stickleback, which encoded a 679 amino acid putative transferrin protein harbored obvious N-lobe and C-lobe domains. The tissue-specific expression pattern showed that the transcript was detected in a variety of tissues, with the highest signal in liver. Moreover, Streptococcus iniae pathogen stimulation can increase the expression level of this transcript, implying important immune properties for organisms. Next, N-lobes and C-lobes were obtained from 45 fish species. The phylogenetic tree showed that N-lobes and C-lobes were in two different evolutionary branches, and they had different motif composition. Functional divergence indicated a higher evolutionary rate or site-specific alteration among the N-lobe and C-lobe groups. Ka/Ks value of C-lobe group was relatively higher than that of N-lobe group, indicating a faster change rate of C-lobe sequences in evolution. Moreover, some sites experiencing positive selection were also found, which may be involved in the iron- or anion-binding, pathogen resistance and diversification of transferrin protein. Differential iron-binding activity was also detected between N-lobe and C-lobe of Amur stickleback transferrin protein with Chrome Azurol S assay. Compared with the C-lobe, the N-lobe showed stronger growth inhibitory activity of Escherichia coli, implying their potential antibacterial properties. This study will give a reference for subsequent research of transferrin proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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2
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Luo L, Chang Y, Sun B, Su B, Zhang L, Nie L, Chen J, Liang L. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of the transferrin gene in Amur ide (Leuciscus waleckii) in response to high alkaline stress. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.2016419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumei Chang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Sun
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Su
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Limin Zhang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqun Liang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Jurecka P, Wiegertjes GF, Dietrich M, Forlenza M, Kamińska-Gibas T, Pilarczyk A, Savelkoul HFJ, Ciereszko A, Irnazarow I. Differences in growth of Trypanoplasma borreli in carp serum is dependent on transferrin genotype. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:58-64. [PMID: 33864945 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Kinetoplastid parasites require transferrin (Tf), being the main source of iron, for growth and multiplication. This group of parasites developed a unique receptor-mediated system for acquiring host Tf which bears no structural homology with the host transferrin receptor. Trypanoplasma borreli, a blood parasite of common carp, probably uses a similar mechanism to sequester iron from host transferrin. In this study, we demonstrate a critical role of Tf for parasite growth. For in vitro studies we isolated and purified Tf from carp homozygous for the D or G allele of Tf. We obtained Tf-depleted serum using specific antibodies to carp Tf and studied gene expression in vivo during T. borreli infection with Real Time-quantitative PCR. We demonstrate that T. borreli cannot survive in medium supplemented with Tf-depleted serum while reconstitution with Tf restores normal growth. The critical role of Tf for parasite survival was shown in incomplete medium (medium without serum): addition of purified Tf significantly increased parasite survival. We also demonstrate that Tf polymorphism has a significant impact on T. borreli multiplication. Cultured parasites die more quickly in an environment containing D-typed Tf, as compared to medium with G-typed Tf. Gene expression during T. borreli infection in carp did not show an acute phase response. We could, however, observe an increased transcription of Tf in the head kidney, which may be associated with an immunological function of the Tf protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Jurecka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Zaborze, 43-520, Chybie, Poland
| | - Geert F Wiegertjes
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708WD, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mariola Dietrich
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maria Forlenza
- Cell Biology & Immunology Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708WD, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Teresa Kamińska-Gibas
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Zaborze, 43-520, Chybie, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pilarczyk
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Zaborze, 43-520, Chybie, Poland
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology & Immunology Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708WD, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Andrzej Ciereszko
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ilgiz Irnazarow
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Zaborze, 43-520, Chybie, Poland.
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4
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Local immune depression in Baltic cod ( Gadus morhua) liver infected with Contracaecum osculatum. J Helminthol 2020; 94:e112. [PMID: 31907099 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x19001111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Third-stage larvae of the anisakid nematode Contracaecum osculatum infecting cod (Gadus morhua) liver elicit a host immune response involving both innate and adaptive factors, but the reactions differ between liver and spleen. Inflammatory reactions occur in both liver and spleen, but a series of immune effector genes are downregulated in liver infected with nematodes whereas these genes in spleen from the same fish are upregulated. A series of novel primer and probe sets targeting cod immune responses were developed and applied in a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction set-up to measure the expression of immune-relevant genes in liver and spleen of infected and uninfected cod. In infected liver, 12 of 23 genes were regulated. Genes encoding cytokines associated with inflammatory reactions (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8) were significantly upregulated, whereas genes encoding effector molecules, assisting the elimination of pathogens, C-reactive protein (CRP)-PII, hepcidin, lysozyme G1, lysozyme G2, C3 and IgDm, were significantly downregulated. The number of downregulated genes increased with the parasite burden. In spleen, 14 of 23 immune genes showed significant regulation and nine of these were upregulated, including genes encoding CRPI, CRPII, C3, hepcidin and transferrin. The general gene expression level was higher in spleen compared to liver, and although inflammation was induced in nematode-infected liver, the effector molecule genes were depressed, which suggests a worm-induced immune suppression locally in the liver.
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Xin M, Vechtova P, Shaliutina-Kolesova A, Fussy Z, Loginov D, Dzyuba B, Linhart O, Boryshpolets S, Rodina M, Li P, Loginova Y, Sterba J. Transferrin Identification in Sterlet ( Acipenser ruthenus) Reproductive System. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100753. [PMID: 31575042 PMCID: PMC6826671 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transferrins are a superfamily of iron-binding proteins and are recognized as multifunctional proteins. In the present study, transcriptomic and proteomic methods were used to identify transferrins in the reproductive organs and sperm of out-of-spawning and spermiating sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) males. The results showed that seven transferrin transcripts were identified in the transcriptome of sterlet, and these transcripts were qualified as two different transferrin genes, serotransferrin and melanotransferrin, with several isoforms present for serotransferrin. The relative abundance of serotransferrin isoforms was higher in the kidneys and Wolffian ducts in the spermiating males compared to out-of-spawning males. In addition, transferrin was immunodetected in sterlet seminal plasma, but not in sterlet spermatozoa extract. Mass spectrometry identification of transferrin in seminal plasma but not in spermatozoa corroborates immunodetection. The identification of transferrin in the reproductive organs and seminal plasma of sterlet in this study provides the potential function of transferrin during sturgeon male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Xin
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
- Sino-Czech Joint Laboratory of Fish Conservation and Biotechnology: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Pavlina Vechtova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
- Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Parasitology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Shaliutina-Kolesova
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Zoltan Fussy
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Dmitry Loginov
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
- Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Parasitology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Borys Dzyuba
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Otomar Linhart
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Serhii Boryshpolets
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Marek Rodina
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Ping Li
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, Shandong, China.
| | - Yana Loginova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Sterba
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
- Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Parasitology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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Yin X, Yang Y, Han K, Wu L, Wu H, Bian X, Wei X, Guo Z, Mu L, Ye J. Purification and functional characterization of serum transferrin from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:36-46. [PMID: 30831243 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transferrin (TF), an iron-binding multifunctional protein, could participate in the iron-withholding strategy, an effective antimicrobial defense mechanism in innate immunity, and is involved in host defense against pathogenic infection. In this study, a TF homologue (OnTF) was purified from serum of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) through a two-step affinity chromatography, and characterized its antibacterial function and the role in inflammatory response. The identification by mass spectrometry showed that peptide sequence of the purified OnTF was highly consistent with its amino acids sequence, containing two conserved iron binding lobes: N-lobe and C-lobe. The native OnTF was able to bond iron ions, and possessed capability to inhibit the growth of both bacterial pathogens (Streptococcus agalactiae and Aeromonas hydrophila) in vitro. Upon infections of S. agalactiae and A. hydrophila, the expression of OnTF protein was significantly up-regulated in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the OnTF participated in the regulation of inflammation, migration, and enhancement of phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity in head kidney macrophages/monocytes. Taken together, the results of this study indicated that OnTF is likely to involve in innate immunity to play a role in host defense against bacterial infection in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Yin
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yanjian Yang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Kailiang Han
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Liting Wu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Hairong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xia Bian
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xiufang Wei
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Zheng Guo
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Liangliang Mu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
| | - Jianmin Ye
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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7
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Liu XL, Wang YK, Ouyang S, Zhu YY, Li W, Hong XY, Xu HY, Zhu XP. Evolutionary conservation of transferrin genomic organization and expression characterization in seven freshwater turtles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:874-882. [PMID: 30392910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Serum transferrin (tf), encoding an iron-binding glycoprotein, has been revealed to play important roles in iron transportation and immune response, and it also has been demonstrated to be valuable for phylogenetic analysis in vertebrates. However, the evolutionary conservation, expression profiles and positive selection of transferrin genes among freshwater turtle species remain largely unclear. Here, the genomic DNA and coding sequences of transferrin genes were cloned and characterized in seven freshwater turtles including Mauremys mutica, Mauremys sinensis, Cyclemys dentate, Mauremyssi reevesi, Heosemys grandis, Trachemys scripta and Chrysemys picta. The isolated coding sequences of turtles' tf genes were 2118 bp or 2121 bp, encoding 706 or 707 amino acids. The predicted Tf proteins of turtles share high identities with M. mutica Tf, up to 91%-98% and the M. mutica Tf has the highest identity (91%) in amino acid with the Chelomia mydas Tf, the moderate with other reptiles' Tfs (65%-59%), chicken (58%), and Human Tf (∼55%), and the lowest with zebrafish Tf (41%). Additionally, tf genes were consistently composed of 17 exons and 16 introns with the same splicing sites in introns in all the turtles examined. Moreover, 12 positive selected sites were detected in these turtles' Tf and mainly distributed on the surface of transferrin protein. Importantly, it was found that transferrin genes in all turtles examined were predominantly expressed in adult liver via real-time quantitative PCR. The molecular characterizations and expression profiles of transferrin would shed new insights into understanding the conversations and divergences of transferrin genes in turtles, even in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Ya-Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shu Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; College of Life Science and Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yan-Yu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; College of Life Science and Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Xiao-You Hong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Hong-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China.
| | - Xin-Ping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China.
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Ugwu SI, Shiba K, Inaba K, Morita M. A Unique Seminal Plasma Protein, Zona Pellucida 3-Like Protein, has Ca 2+ -Dependent Sperm Agglutination Activity. Zoolog Sci 2018; 35:161-171. [PMID: 29623792 DOI: 10.2108/zs170150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Identification of seminal proteins provides a means of investigating their roles. Despite their importance in the study of protein function, such as regulation of sperm motility, it is difficult to select candidates from the large number of proteins. Analyzing the rate of molecular evolution is a useful strategy for selecting candidates, and expressing the protein allows the examination of its function. In the present study, we investigated seminal plasma proteins of the cichlid Oreochromis mossambicus, which exhibits a unique mode of fertilization and a rapidly evolving gene that encodes a seminal plasma protein, zona-pellucida 3-like (ZP3-like), which does not belong to the same molecular family as other ZPs. Seminal plasma proteins of O. mossambicus were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and 19 major proteins were identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI-Tof Mass). Because proteins that are under positive selection often impact sperm function, the rates of molecular evolution of these proteins were analyzed in terms of non-synonymous/synonymous substitutions (ω). Among the 19 proteins, positive selection was supported for five genes; functional assays were carried out on four of the proteins encoded by these genes. Of the four positively selected proteins, only ZP3-like protein agglutinated sperm in a dose- and Ca2+ -dependent manner. The other three proteins did not affect sperm motility. Because of the unique fertilization type, in which fertilization occurs in the buccal cavity, the need to retain sperm within the cavity during spawning, and the agglutination of sperm, which may be partly assisted by ZP3-like protein, may contribute to fertilization success. Fertilization in the buccal cavity may be related to its rapid molecular evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Ifeanyi Ugwu
- 1 Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa 905-0227, Japan
| | - Kogiku Shiba
- 2 Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda City, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inaba
- 2 Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda City, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
| | - Masaya Morita
- 1 Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa 905-0227, Japan
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Yin X, Mu L, Bian X, Wu L, Li B, Liu J, Guo Z, Ye J. Expression and functional characterization of transferrin in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in response to bacterial infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:530-539. [PMID: 29353079 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Transferrin (TF), an iron-binding glycoprotein, plays an important role in host defense against pathogenic infection, which inhibits the growth and proliferation of pathogens, deprives iron from invading pathogens, and activates anti-microbial responses in macrophages. In this study, a TF homologue (OnTF) was identified from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and characterized at expression pattern against bacterial infection and capability binding bacterial pathogens. The open reading frame of OnTF is 2118 bp of nucleotide sequence encoding polypeptides of 705 amino acids. The deduced protein is highly homology to the other species, containing two conserved iron binding lobes: N-lobe and C-lobe. Expression analysis revealed that the OnTF was extremely highly expressed in liver tissue; however, much weakly exhibited in other examined tissues including spleen and head kidney. The OnTF expression was significantly up-regulated in the liver, spleen and head kidney following infection of a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen (Streptococcus agalactiae) and a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen (Aeromonas hydrophila). The up-regulation of OnTF expression was also demonstrated in hepatocytes and macrophages in vitro stimulated with S. agalactiae and A. hydrophila. In addition, recombinant OnTF ((r)OnTF) protein possessed capability to bind both S. agalactiae and A. hydrophila in vitro. Taken together, the present study indicated that OnTF might be involved in host defense against bacterial infection in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Liangliang Mu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Xia Bian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Liting Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Bingxi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, PR China.
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10
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Perera NCN, Godahewa GI, Hwang JY, Kwon MG, Hwang SD, Lee J. Molecular, structural, and functional comparison of N lobe and C lobe of the transferrin from rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus, with respect to its immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 68:299-309. [PMID: 28732766 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The iron-withholding strategy of innate immunity is an effective antimicrobial defense mechanism that combats microbial infection by depriving microorganisms of Fe3+, which is important for their growth and propagation. Transferrins (Tfs) are a group of iron-binding proteins that exert their antimicrobial function through Fe3+ sequestration. The current study describes both structural and functional characteristics of a transferrin ortholog from rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus (RbTf). The RbTf cDNA possesses an open reading frame (ORF) of 2079 bp encoding 693 amino acids. It has a molecular mass of approximately 74 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.4. In silico analysis revealed that RbTf has two conserved domains: N-terminal domain and C-terminal domain. Pairwise homology analysis and phylogenetic analysis revealed that RbTf shared the highest identity (82.6%) with Dicentrarchus labrax Tf. According to the genomic analysis, RbTf possesses 17 exons and 16 introns, similar to the other orthologs. Here, we cloned the N terminal and C terminal domains of RbTf to evaluate their distinct functional features. Results obtained through the CAS (chrome azurol S) assay confirmed the iron-binding ability of the RbTf, and it was further determined that the iron-binding ability of rRbTfN was higher than that of rRbTfC. The antimicrobial functions of the rRbTfN and the rRbTfC were confirmed via the iron-dependent bacterial growth inhibition assay. Tissue distribution profiling revealed a ubiquitous expression with intense expression in the liver. Temporal assessment revealed that RbTf increased after stimulation of LPS, Edwardsiella tarda, and Streptococcus iniae post injection (p.i.). These findings demonstrated that RbTf is an important antimicrobial protein that can combat bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C N Perera
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - G I Godahewa
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Youn Hwang
- Aquatic Life Disease Control Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Gyeong Kwon
- Aquatic Life Disease Control Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Don Hwang
- Aquatic Life Disease Control Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Nynca J, Arnold G, Fröhlich T, Ciereszko A. Proteomic identification of rainbow trout blood plasma proteins and their relationship to seminal plasma proteins. Proteomics 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nynca
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research; Polish Academy of Sciences; Olsztyn Poland
| | - Georg Arnold
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis; Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis; Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Andrzej Ciereszko
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research; Polish Academy of Sciences; Olsztyn Poland
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12
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Nynca J, Dietrich MA, Adamek M, Steinhagen D, Bilińska B, Hejmej A, Ciereszko A. Purification, characterization and expression of transferrin from rainbow trout seminal plasma. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 208-209:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Schrama D, Richard N, Silva TS, Figueiredo FA, Conceição LEC, Burchmore R, Eckersall D, Rodrigues PML. Enhanced dietary formulation to mitigate winter thermal stress in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): a 2D-DIGE plasma proteome study. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:603-617. [PMID: 27882445 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Low water temperatures during winter are common in farming of gilthead sea bream in the Mediterranean. This causes metabolic disorders that in extreme cases can lead to a syndrome called "winter disease." An improved immunostimulatory nutritional status might mitigate the effects of this thermal metabolic stress. A trial was set up to assess the effects of two different diets on gilthead sea bream physiology and nutritional state through plasma proteome and metabolites. Four groups of 25 adult gilthead sea bream were reared during winter months, being fed either with a control diet (CTRL) or with a diet called "winter feed" (WF). Proteome results show a slightly higher number of proteins upregulated in plasma of fish fed the WF. These proteins are mostly involved in the immune system and cell protection mechanisms. Lipid metabolism was also affected, as shown both by plasma proteome and by the cholesterol plasma levels. Overall, the winter feed diet tested seems to have positive effects in terms of fish condition and nutritional status, reducing the metabolic effects of thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Schrama
- CCMAR, Center of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Nadège Richard
- CCMAR, Center of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Tomé S Silva
- SPAROS, Lda, Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Filipe A Figueiredo
- CCMAR, Center of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luís E C Conceição
- SPAROS, Lda, Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Richard Burchmore
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - David Eckersall
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Pedro M L Rodrigues
- CCMAR, Center of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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14
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Identification and Characterization of MicroRNAs in the Liver of Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) Infected by Aeromonas hydrophila. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17121972. [PMID: 27898025 PMCID: PMC5187772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that play key roles in regulation of various biological processes. In order to better understand the biological significance of miRNAs in the context of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Megalobrama amblycephala, small RNA libraries obtained from fish liver at 0 (non-infection), 4, and 24 h post infection (poi) were sequenced using Illumina deep sequencing technology. A total of 11,244,207, 9,212,958, and 7,939,157 clean reads were obtained from these three RNA libraries, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis identified 171 conserved miRNAs and 62 putative novel miRNAs. The existence of ten randomly selected novel miRNAs was validated by RT-PCR. Pairwise comparison suggested that 61 and 44 miRNAs were differentially expressed at 4 and 24 h poi, respectively. Furthermore, the expression profiles of nine randomly selected miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR. MicroRNA target prediction, gene ontology (GO) annotation, and Kyoto Encylopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that a variety of biological pathways could be affected by A. hydrophila infection. Additionally, transferrin (TF) and transferrin receptor (TFR) genes were confirmed to be direct targets of miR-375. These results will expand our knowledge of the role of miRNAs in the immune response of M. amblycephala to A. hydrophila infection, and facilitate the development of effective strategies against A. hydrophila infection in M. amblycephala.
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15
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Vílchez MC, Pla D, Gallego V, Sanz L, Pérez L, Asturiano JF, Calvete JJ, Peñaranda DS. Identification of the major proteins present in the seminal plasma of European eel, and how hormonal treatment affects their evolution. Correlation with sperm quality. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 201:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Shaliutina-Kolešová A, Kotas P, Štěrba J, Rodina M, Dzyuba B, Cosson J, Linhart O. Protein profile of seminal plasma and functionality of spermatozoa during the reproductive season in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:968-982. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shaliutina-Kolešová
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters; Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology; South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses; University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice; Vodňany Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kotas
- Faculty of Science; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice; České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Jan Štěrba
- Faculty of Science; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice; České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology; Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Marek Rodina
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters; Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology; South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses; University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice; Vodňany Czech Republic
| | - Borys Dzyuba
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters; Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology; South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses; University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice; Vodňany Czech Republic
| | - Jacky Cosson
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters; Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology; South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses; University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice; Vodňany Czech Republic
| | - Otomar Linhart
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters; Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology; South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses; University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice; Vodňany Czech Republic
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17
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Acosta IB, Junior ASV, E Silva EF, Cardoso TF, Caldas JS, Jardim RD, Corcini CD. Effects of exposure to cadmium in sperm cells of zebrafish, Danio rerio. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:696-700. [PMID: 28959594 PMCID: PMC5616012 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a natural element found in the earth’s crust; it is usually associated with other metals, but due to the impacts caused by human activity, its concentration has increased in the aquatic environment. This metal may damage aquatic animal reproduction, decreasing the rate of fertilization of organisms such as fish. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro toxicity of different concentrations of cadmium (0 (control), 0.5, 5, and 10 μg/L) using sperm cells of model organism zebrafish, Danio rerio. Structural parameters, including integrity and fluidity of the plasma membrane, concentration of oxygen species, mitochondrial function and DNA fragmentation were measured by flow cytometry. The following sperm movement parameters were also measured using the computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system: motility, time of motility, curvilinear velocity, average path velocity and straight line velocity in μm/s. Significant effects were observed on path speed, straight speed, curvilinear velocity, motility time, progressive and total motility, and plasma and DNA integrity. The results showed that cadmium can negatively affect some reproductive parameters in D. rerio, which may reduce the fertility rate of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izani Bonel Acosta
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Italy 8 km, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences-Comparative Animal Physiology, Av 8 km Italy, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Antonio Sergio Varela Junior
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Italy 8 km, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Aquatic Environments Continental Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Italy 8.96203 to 900 km Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Estela Fernandes E Silva
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Italy 8 km, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences-Comparative Animal Physiology, Av 8 km Italy, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Tainã Figueiredo Cardoso
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Italy 8 km, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences-Comparative Animal Physiology, Av 8 km Italy, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Jôsie Schwartz Caldas
- Post-Graduate Program in Aquatic Environments Continental Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Italy 8.96203 to 900 km Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Desessards Jardim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Italy 8 km, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences-Comparative Animal Physiology, Av 8 km Italy, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Carine Dahl Corcini
- Post-Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences-Comparative Animal Physiology, Av 8 km Italy, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, University Campus, PO Box 354, 96001-970 Pelotas, Brazil
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18
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Chen J, Yao J, Ma Z, Peng P, Lu S, Hu Y, Xu F, Yang Y, Yang X. Delivery of fluorescent-labeled cyclodextrin by liposomes: role of transferrin modification and phosphatidylcholine composition. J Liposome Res 2016; 27:21-31. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2016.1140184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Antitumor Drug, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China and
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhong Yao
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuyue Ma
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Peng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Antitumor Drug, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China and
| | - Shanshan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yudong Hu
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Antitumor Drug, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China and
| | - Xixiong Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Antitumor Drug, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China and
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19
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Hepatocyte growth factor activator is a potential target proteinase for Kazal-type inhibitor in turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo ) seminal plasma. Theriogenology 2015; 84:425-436.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Chen J, Lu S, Gu W, Peng P, Dong J, Xu F, Yang X, Xiong Z, Yang X. Characterization of 9-nitrocamptothecin-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposomes modified with transferrin for the treating of tumor. Int J Pharm 2015; 490:219-28. [PMID: 26004006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs in the form of drug-cyclodextrin (CD) complex in liposomes has been applied as a novel strategy to combine the relative advantages of CDs and liposomes into one system, naming drug-in-CD-in-liposome (DCL). In the present study, soluble 9-NC/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) inclusion complexes were prepared using the freeze-drying technique. Then 9-NC inclusion complexes were further encapsulated into liposomes by ethanol injection method and transferrin (Tf) was conjugated to the surface of 9-NC DCL to obtain Tf modified 9-NC DCL (Tf-9-NC-CL). Compared to PEGylated 9-NC DCL (P-9-NC-CL), the lactone stability and vesicle stability of Tf-9-NC-CL were significantly increased. Both 9-NC and HP-β-CD were found to release from the DCL and Tf modification resulted in reduced release of them. The enhanced targeting efficiency of the Tf-modified liposomes was demonstrated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. In vivo pharmacokinetics in rats showed improved lactone stability of 9-NC following intravenous injection of Tf-9-NC-CL. The cytotoxicity of Tf-9-NC-CL against tumor cells and normal cells was investigated in vitro and the antitumor efficacy was evaluated in S180 tumor-bearing mice in vivo. Compared with free 9-NC, 9-NC inclusion complexes and P-9-NC-CL, Tf-9-NC-CL demonstrated the strongest cytotoxicity to tumor cells. And the inhibitory rate of tumor (IRT) values were determined to be 43.08%, 56.92%, 67.69% and 80.00% for 9-NC solution, inclusion complexes, P-9-NC-CL and Tf-9-NC-CL, respectively. In conclusion, Tf modification can be useful in increasing vesicle stability, targeting drug delivery efficiency and antitumor efficacy of DCL containing hydrophobic antitumor drugs, such as 9-NC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shanshan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pei Peng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Antitumor Drug, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xueqin Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Antitumor Drug, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China
| | - Zheyun Xiong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Antitumor Drug, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China
| | - Xixiong Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Antitumor Drug, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China.
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21
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Ding Z, Zhao X, Su L, Zhou F, Chen N, Wu J, Fu X, Wu F, Wang W, Liu H. The Megalobrama amblycephala transferrin and transferrin receptor genes: molecular cloning, characterization and expression during early development and after Aeromonas hydrophila infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 49:290-297. [PMID: 25530094 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Both transferrin (TF) and transferrin receptor (TFR) play vital roles in iron homeostasis, which is essential for cellular growth and survival. Besides, TF and TFR are also reported to be involved in immune response against bacterial infection. In the present study, we cloned and characterized the Tf and TfR genes in Megalobrama amblycephala. The M. amblycephala Tf gene contained 17 exons and 16 introns, encoding 651 amino acids, while the M. amblycephala TfR gene contained 18 exons and 17 introns, encoding 768 amino acids. In healthy fish, Tf mRNA was most abundant in the liver, and TfR was highly expressed in the blood and brain. During early development, the expression of Tf increased from 12 hpf (hour post fertilization) to 26 hpf, followed by a diminution at 32 hpf, then increased significantly to the peak level at 2 dph (day post hatching). The expression pattern of TfR was similar to that of Tf, fluctuating from 0 hpf to 32 hpf and dramatically increasing to the peak at 2 dph. Additionally, both Tf and TfR genes responded to Aeromonas hydrophila infection, by increasing their expression in the liver, spleen and kidney at both mRNA and protein levels, indicating that they were involved in M. amblycephala immune response. Immunohistochemical analysis and Prussian blue staining verified the internalization of TF-receptor system with bound-iron in the liver of M. amblycephala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujin Ding
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoheng Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lina Su
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fengjuan Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nan Chen
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoqin Fu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fan Wu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
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22
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Dietrich MA, Adamek M, Bilińska B, Hejmej A, Steinhagen D, Ciereszko A. Characterization, expression and antibacterial properties of apolipoproteins A from carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) seminal plasma. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:389-401. [PMID: 25251775 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoproteins A are multifunctional proteins that, in addition to contributing to lipid metabolism and transport, are associated with the innate immune system in fish. Using a three step isolation procedure consisting of affinity chromatography on Blue-Sepharose, delipidation and reverse phase HPLC we isolated apolipoproteins from carp seminal plasma and identified them as ApoA-I and Apo-14 kDa. Moreover, we provided the full-length cDNA sequence of ApoA-I encoding 257 amino acids including a 18 amino acid signal peptide and a 4 amino acid propeptide. Apolipoproteins corresponded to the most abundant proteins in carp seminal plasma. Both ApoA-I and Apo-14 kDa were represented by several proteoforms that differ both in molecular mass and isoelectric point. The proteoforms of ApoA-I characteristic for seminal plasma were distinguished from those of blood. Carp seminal plasma ApoA-I and Apo-14 kDa showed a high immunologic similarity to their counterparts in carp blood and seminal plasma of other Cyprinid species. The mRNA expression analysis and immunohistochemical study suggest synthesis and secretion of ApoA-I and Apo-14 kDa in the fish reproductive tract and suggest a role in spermatogenesis and the stabilization of sperm membrane. Moreover, ApoA-I displayed bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli and bacteriostatic activity against Aeromonas hydrophila which suggests that ApoA-I is associated with innate immune system of the fish reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola A Dietrich
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Poland.
| | - Mikołaj Adamek
- University of Veterinary Medicine in Hanover, Fish Disease Research Unit, Germany
| | | | - Anna Hejmej
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Institute of Zoology, Poland
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- University of Veterinary Medicine in Hanover, Fish Disease Research Unit, Germany
| | - Andrzej Ciereszko
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Poland
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Słowińska M, Liszewska E, Nynca J, Bukowska J, Hejmej A, Bilińska B, Szubstarski J, Kozłowski K, Jankowski J, Ciereszko A. Isolation and Characterization of an Ovoinhibitor, a Multidomain Kazal-Like Inhibitor from Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Seminal Plasma1. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:108. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.118836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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24
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Type 1 ribotoxin-curcin conjugated biogenic gold nanoparticles for a multimodal therapeutic approach towards brain cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:1657-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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25
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Characterization of carp seminal plasma proteome in relation to blood plasma. J Proteomics 2014; 98:218-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Nynca J, Arnold GJ, Fröhlich T, Otte K, Flenkenthaler F, Ciereszko A. Proteomic identification of rainbow trout seminal plasma proteins. Proteomics 2013; 14:133-40. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nynca
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research; Polish Academy of Sciences; Olsztyn Poland
| | - Georg J. Arnold
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA); Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA); Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Kathrin Otte
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA); Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Florian Flenkenthaler
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA); Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Andrzej Ciereszko
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research; Polish Academy of Sciences; Olsztyn Poland
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Douxfils J, Mathieu C, Mandiki SNM, Milla S, Henrotte E, Wang N, Vandecan M, Dieu M, Dauchot N, Pigneur LM, Li X, Rougeot C, Mélard C, Silvestre F, Van Doninck K, Raes M, Kestemont P. Physiological and proteomic evidences that domestication process differentially modulates the immune status of juvenile Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) under chronic confinement stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:1113-1121. [PMID: 22008286 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate the influence of domestication process on the stress response and subsequent immune modulation in Eurasian perch juveniles (Perca fluviatilis) submitted to chronic confinement. Briefly, F1 and F4 generations were confined into small-size tanks and sampled 7 and 55 days after stocking. Cortisol and glucose levels as well as lysozyme activity and immunoglobulin level were evaluated in the serum. Spleen Somatic Index and spleen ROS production were also measured. A proteomic analysis was performed on serum sampled on day 7. Finally, both generations were genetically characterized using a microsatellite approach. Globally, results revealed that chronic confinement did not elicit a typical stress response but resulted in a prolonged immune stimulation. Proteomic results suggested that domestication process influenced the immune status of perch submitted to chronic confinement as the F1 confined fish displayed lower abundance of C3 complement component, transferrin and Apolipoprotein E. Microsatellite data showed a strong genetic drift as well as reduced genetic diversity, allelic number and heterozygosity along with domestication process. The present work is the first to report that fish under domestication can develop an immune response, assessed by a combined approach, following recurrent challenges imposed by captive environment despite a reduced genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Douxfils
- University of Namur (FUNDP), Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
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LI YW, DAN XM, ZHANG TW, LUO XC, LI AX. Immune-related genes expression profile in orange-spotted grouper during exposure to Cryptocaryon irritans. Parasite Immunol 2011; 33:679-987. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dietrich MA, Dietrich GJ, Hliwa P, Ciereszko A. Carp transferrin can protect spermatozoa against toxic effects of cadmium ions. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 153:422-9. [PMID: 21349348 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a widespread heavy metal that enters the aquatic environment and affects many processes involved in fish reproduction such as sperm motility. Fish seminal plasma proteins can protect spermatozoa against toxic effects of heavy metals. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the ability of a major carp seminal plasma protein-transferrin (TF) to bind cadmium ions and to neutralize the toxic effect of cadmium on carp sperm motility. To obtain a high quantity of carp seminal plasma TF necessary for the experiment, immunoaffinity chromatography as a one-step isolation procedure was established. The titration of TF with cadmium ions spectrophotometrically at 247nm revealed that TF binds cadmium ions at only one spectrophotometrically-sensitive binding site, which suggests that TF is capable of neutralizing the cadmium toxic effect. Indeed, the addition of carp TF to carp semen incubated with 50ppm cadmium for 48h led to about a four-times higher percentage of sperm motility (30.3±1.1%) in comparison to samples incubated with only 50ppm cadmium (8.2±5.2%). Similarly, higher values of other parameters of sperm movement measured by a computer-assisted sperm motility analysis system (VSL, VCL and ALH) were observed at the presence of transferrin. In conclusion, our study provides the first evidence that transferrin from carp seminal plasma can protect sperm motility from cadmium toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola A Dietrich
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Semen Biology Group, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Isolation and identification of fetuin-B-like protein from rainbow trout seminal plasma and its localization in the reproductive system. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 158:106-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Nynca J, Dietrich MA, Bilińska B, Kotula-Balak M, Kiełbasa T, Karol H, Ciereszko A. Isolation of lipocalin-type protein from rainbow trout seminal plasma and its localisation in the reproductive system. Reprod Fertil Dev 2011; 23:381-9. [DOI: 10.1071/rd10118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipocalin protein family is a large and diverse group of small extracellular proteins characterised by their ability to bind hydrophobic molecules. In the present study, we describe the isolation procedure for rainbow trout seminal plasma protein, characterised by a moderate migration rate during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, providing information regarding its basic features and immunohistochemical localisation. This protein was identified as a lipocalin-type protein (LTP). The molecular mass of LTP was found to be 18 848 Da and it was found to lack any carbohydrate components. Only a few Salmoniformes contain LTP in their seminal plasma. The abundance of LTP in the Sertoli and Leydig cells of the testes of the rainbow trout, as well as in secretory cells of the efferent duct, suggests that this protein is specific for rainbow trout milt, where it acts as a lipophilic carrier protein. Moreover, the specific localisation of LTP in the flagella of the spermatozoa suggests a role for LTP in sperm motility. Further experiments are necessary to identify the endogenous ligands for LTP in rainbow trout seminal plasma and to characterise the binding properties of this protein.
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Dietrich MA, Nynca J, Bilińska B, Kuba J, Kotula-Balak M, Karol H, Ciereszko A. Identification of parvalbumin-like protein as a major protein of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) spermatozoa which appears during final stage of spermatogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 157:220-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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