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Chovatia RM, Acharya A, Rasal KD, Bedekar MK, Jeena K, Rathinam RB, Dinakaran C, Tripathi G. Ontogeny and tissue specific expression profiles of recombination activating genes (RAGs) during development in Nile tilapia, Oreochromisniloticus. Gene Expr Patterns 2024; 52:119358. [PMID: 38460579 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2024.119358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Recombination activating genes (RAGs) mediates the process of rearrangement and somatic recombination (V(D)J) to generate different antibody repertoire. Studies on the expression pattern of adaptive immune genes during ontogenic development are crucial for the formulation of fish immunization strategy. In the present study, Nile tilapia was taken to explore the relative expression profile of RAG genes during their developmental stages. The developmental stages of Nile tilapia, i.e., unfertilized egg, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30 days post-hatch (dph) and kidney, blood, gill, liver and spleen tissues from adult fish were collected and the cDNA synthesis was carried out. Gene specific primers for RAG-1 and RAG-2 of Nile tilapia were designed and their annealing temperature (Tm) was optimized by gradient PCR. Consequently, PCR was performed to confirm the specific amplification of RAG-1 and RAG-2 genes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) gene expression of RAG-1 and RAG-2 were noticed in all the developmental stages; however, a significant increase was observed after 12 dph and peaked at 24 dph, followed by a gradual decrease until 30 dph. Tissue-specific gene expression profiling revealed that the highest expression of RAG-1 and RAG-2 was observed in the kidney, followed by spleen, gill, liver and blood. The findings of the study explored the suitable timing of lymphoid maturation that could be technically used for the adoption of strategies to improve disease resistance of fish larvae for mitigating larval mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arpit Acharya
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Kiran D Rasal
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | | | - Kezhedath Jeena
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - R Bharathi Rathinam
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Jharkhand, India
| | | | - Gayatri Tripathi
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India.
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2
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Ghorbani A, Khataeipour SJ, Solbakken MH, Huebert DNG, Khoddami M, Eslamloo K, Collins C, Hori T, Jentoft S, Rise ML, Larijani M. Ancestral reconstruction reveals catalytic inactivation of activation-induced cytidine deaminase concomitant with cold water adaption in the Gadiformes bony fish. BMC Biol 2022; 20:293. [PMID: 36575514 PMCID: PMC9795746 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody affinity maturation in vertebrates requires the enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) which initiates secondary antibody diversification by mutating the immunoglobulin loci. AID-driven antibody diversification is conserved across jawed vertebrates since bony and cartilaginous fish. Two exceptions have recently been reported, the Pipefish and Anglerfish, in which the AID-encoding aicda gene has been lost. Both cases are associated with unusual reproductive behavior, including male pregnancy and sexual parasitism. Several cold water fish in the Atlantic cod (Gadinae) family carry an aicda gene that encodes for a full-length enzyme but lack affinity-matured antibodies and rely on antibodies of broad antigenic specificity. Hence, we examined the functionality of their AID. RESULTS By combining genomics, transcriptomics, immune responsiveness, and functional enzymology of AID from 36 extant species, we demonstrate that AID of that Atlantic cod and related fish have extremely lethargic or no catalytic activity. Through ancestral reconstruction and functional enzymology of 71 AID enzymes, we show that this enzymatic inactivation likely took place relatively recently at the emergence of the true cod family (Gadidae) from their ancestral Gadiformes order. We show that this AID inactivation is not only concordant with the previously shown loss of key adaptive immune genes and expansion of innate and cell-based immune genes in the Gadiformes but is further reflected in the genomes of these fish in the form of loss of AID-favored sequence motifs in their immunoglobulin variable region genes. CONCLUSIONS Recent demonstrations of the loss of the aicda gene in two fish species challenge the paradigm that AID-driven secondary antibody diversification is absolutely conserved in jawed vertebrates. These species have unusual reproductive behaviors forming an evolutionary pressure for a certain loss of immunity to avoid tissue rejection. We report here an instance of catalytic inactivation and functional loss of AID rather than gene loss in a conventionally reproducing vertebrate. Our data suggest that an expanded innate immunity, in addition to lower pathogenic pressures in a cold environment relieved the pressure to maintain robust secondary antibody diversification. We suggest that in this unique scenario, the AID-mediated collateral genome-wide damage would form an evolutionary pressure to lose AID function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Ghorbani
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada ,grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Program in Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada
| | - S. Javad Khataeipour
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada
| | - Monica H. Solbakken
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David N. G. Huebert
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada ,grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Program in Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada
| | - Minasadat Khoddami
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Khalil Eslamloo
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada
| | - Cassandra Collins
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Tiago Hori
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada
| | - Sissel Jentoft
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Matthew L. Rise
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada
| | - Mani Larijani
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada ,grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Program in Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada
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3
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Papadopoulou A, Monaghan SJ, Bagwell N, Alves MT, Verner-Jeffreys D, Wallis T, Davie A, Adams A, Migaud H. Efficacy testing of an immersion vaccine against Aeromonas salmonicida and immunocompetence in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta, Ascanius). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:505-515. [PMID: 34673256 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective vaccines is a critical step towards the domestication of emerging fish species for aquaculture. However, traditional vaccine delivery through intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection requires fish to reach a minimum size and age and therefore cannot provide protection at early developmental stages when infection may occur. This study investigated the effectiveness of immersion vaccination with respect to immunocompetence in a cleaner fish species (ballan wrasse, Labrus bergylta, Ascanius) used in Atlantic salmon farming as an alternative means to control sea lice. The species is susceptible to atypical strains of Aeromonas salmonicida (aAs) at early life stages (<15 g), when i.p. vaccination is not applicable. While immersion vaccination is currently used in commercial hatcheries, the optimal fish size for vaccination, and efficacy of the vaccine delivered by this route has not yet been established. Importantly, efficacy depends on the capability of the species immune system to recognise antigens and process antigens to trigger and produce an adaptive immune response, (process known as immunocompetence). In this study, the efficacy of a polyvalent autogenous vaccine administered by immersion in juvenile ballan wrasse and the subsequent immune response induced was investigated after prime and booster vaccination regimes. In addition, temporal expression (0-150 days post hatch) of adaptive immune genes including major histocompatibility complex (MHC II CD74 molecule) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) was assessed using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Prime and/or boost vaccination by immersion of juvenile ballan wrasse (0.5 g and 1.5 g corresponding to 80 and 170 days post hatch (dph), respectively) did not provide significant protection against aAs vapA V after bath challenge under experimental conditions. Despite no evident protection >80 dph, MHC II and IgM transcripts were first reported at 35 and 75 dph, respectively, suggesting a window of immunocompetence. The results provide important new information on the onset of adaptive immunity in ballan wrasse and highlight that immersion vaccination in the species for protection against aAs should be performed at later developmental stages (>1.5 g) in the hatchery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Papadopoulou
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, the Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Sean J Monaghan
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Nicola Bagwell
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, the Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Mickael Teixeira Alves
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, the Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - David Verner-Jeffreys
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, the Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Tim Wallis
- Ridgeway Biologicals Ltd. a Ceva Santé Animale Company, Units 1-3 Old Station Business Park, Compton, Berkshire, RG20 6NE, UK
| | - Andrew Davie
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Alexandra Adams
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Herve Migaud
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
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Alternations in the liver metabolome, skin and serum antioxidant function of silver pomfret ( Pampus Argenteus) is induced by jellyfish feeding. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:192. [PMID: 33927983 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many fish species are known to feed on jellyfish. Herein, we observed the effects of jellyfish feeding on silver pomfret using gas chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) based on metabolomics. We studied the effects of feeding on jellyfish on skin and serum immune of silver pomfret. Healthy silver pomfret (initial weight, 13.40 ± 1.565 g) was divided into two groups: control and feeding. The pomfrets were fed jellyfish at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 72 h, and samples were obtained. Statistical analysis revealed that after jellyfish feeding, most serum immune indicators did not show a significant change; however, skin immune indicators indicated that silver pomfret elicit a stress response on encountering jellyfish, gradually adapting to their presence. We therefore conducted further experiments involving two groups: group A, which was not fed any extra jellyfish, and group B, which was fed extra jellyfish (approximately 10% weight of silver pomfret) every day for 60 days. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis led to the identification of stronger biomarkers, with the liver metabolome showing obvious variations between the groups (group B vs. A). After feeding jellyfish by silver pomfret, some amino acids, amines, and unsaturated fatty acids in the liver tissue showed a significant increase. Our results, thus, not only reveal changes in physiological indices of silver pomfret after feeding on jellyfish but also provide a new idea for further optimizing the feed formula for silver pomfret culture.
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Papadopoulou A, Wallis T, Ramirez-Paredes JG, Monaghan SJ, Davie A, Migaud H, Adams A. Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida vapA type V and Vibrio spp. are predominant bacteria recovered from ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta in Scotland. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 140:47-54. [PMID: 32614330 DOI: 10.3354/dao03489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Healthy and/or moribund farmed and wild ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta (>0.5 to 900 g) were sampled from hatcheries (n = 2) and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar cage sites (n = 8) in Scotland between February 2016 and October 2018. Less than half of the sampled individuals (n = 43; 32.3%) had been vaccinated (autogenous polyvalent vaccine; dip and/or injection) against atypical furunculosis (type V and VI), while 20 (15.0%) fish were not vaccinated, and the rest (70 individuals, 52.7%) were of unknown vaccination status. Swab samples from skin lesions, gill, liver, spleen and kidney were inoculated onto a variety of bacteriological agar plates, and bacteriology identification and sequencing analysis was performed on significant bacterial colonies. Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida (aAs) vapA type V was the predominant bacterial species (70/215 bacterial isolates, 32.5% of bacterial samples; 43/117 positive individual fish, 36.8%) isolated in this survey followed by Vibrio species, which were the most geographically prevalent bacteria. Photobacterium indicum/profundum was also isolated from L. bergylta for the first time during this study. The collection of these bacterial isolates provides useful information for disease management. Identifying the aAs isolates involved in disease in ballan wrasse could provide vital information for improving/updating existing autogenous vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Papadopoulou
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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6
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Sushila N, Das BK, Mir IN, Rout AK, Pani Prasad K, Tripathi G. Cloning, characterization and ontogenetic expression profile of RAG-2 and IgM in angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare). Gene 2020; 739:144496. [PMID: 32088242 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Early larval developmental stages of fish are highly susceptible to opportunistic pathogens until the complete maturation of the lymphoid organs. Knowledge of the expression pattern of important markers of adaptive immune system during the ontogenetic development is essential before vaccinating the fish. In the present study, Pterophyllum scalare (angelfish) was taken to explore the relative expression profile of developmental markers of adaptive immunity, recombination activating gene-2 (RAG-2) and immunoglobulin M (IgM). The fishes were bred and early developmental stages (0-45 days post-hatched) were used to assess the expression profile. The genes, RAG-2 and IgM were cloned and sequenced with the base pair lengths of 1958 bp and 225 bp respectively. The mRNA expression of RAG-2 appeared at insignificant level at the first day of hatching, but the expression was significantly increased from 24 dph (days post-hatching) onwards and reached its peak at 27 dph. The results proved that the maturation of lymphoid organs was completed at 27 dph as the respective protein is involved in the V(D)J recombination, important for the maturation of lymphoid organs. A similar trend was also observed in the mRNA transcript levels of IgM gene and a significantly high expression was detected from 27 dph onwards. The present study suggested that the suitable time for vaccination in P. scalare could be taken at 27 dph, as the maturation and development of lymphoid organs is completed thus helps in stimulating the adaptive response of immunity against any pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngairangbam Sushila
- Division of Aquatic Environment and Health Management, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Ishfaq Nazir Mir
- Directorate of Incubation and Vocational Training in Aquaculture (DIVA), Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, ECR Muttukadu, Chennai 603112, India
| | - Ajaya Kumar Rout
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - K Pani Prasad
- Division of Aquatic Environment and Health Management, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Gayatri Tripathi
- Division of Aquatic Environment and Health Management, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India.
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7
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Elkatatny NM, El Nahas AF, Helal MA, Fahmy HA, Tanekhy M. The impacts of seasonal variation on the immune status of Nile tilapia larvae and their response to different immunostimulants feed additives. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 96:270-278. [PMID: 31830565 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Few data are available on the thermal tolerance of Nile tilapia fish larvae in relation to their immune status and survival. The aims of this work were to evaluate the immune status of one day old Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) larval stage collected at the beginning (March), middle (August) and at the end (October) of hatching season through morphometric assessment of the larvae parameters including yolk sac diameter, body length and width as well as the expression of some immune-related genes (rag, sacs and tlr), inflammatory (il1b and il8) and stress related genes (hsp27, hsp70). Also, to compare the effect of three different immunostimulants (β-glucan, Vitamin C, and methionine/lysine amino acids mix) on the expression of the studied genes at two variant temperatures (23 ± 1 °C and 30 ± 1 °C) in experimental study for 21 days. The immune status of Nile tilapia is affected by thermal fluctuation throughout the hatching season reflected by altered yolk sac size, length, and expression of the immune and stress related genes of the larvae, the best performances was observed at the beginning of the hatching season (March). High temperature (30 °C) suppress immune and stress responses throughout downregulation of all the genes under study, mask any effects for the immunostimulants, increased mortality in fish larvae suggesting narrow thermal tolerance range for the larvae compared with the adult fish. We recommend the use of amino acid mix as immunostimulant for Nile tilapia larvae, it reduces the mortality percentage and improve cellular response. Also, the use of β-glucan should be prohibited during this developmental stage of larvae, it induced the highest mortality percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasema M Elkatatny
- Biotechnology Department, Animal Health Research Institute kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Abeer F El Nahas
- Genetics Lab., Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Helal
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Fahmy
- Biotechnology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, El Dokki Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Tanekhy
- Department of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
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8
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Wang X, Ma G, Zhang R, Liu L, Zhu J, Zhu H. Molecular characterization and biological functioning of interleukin-8 in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:91-101. [PMID: 30978450 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-8, otherwise known as CXCL8, is a CXC chemokine that plays a pivotal regulatory role in immune and inflammation responses of animals. Here, we identified an interleukin-8 homologue from Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri), named AbIL-8, which belongs to the lineage 1 group of teleost fish IL-8s. The cDNA of Abil-8 is 1130 bp in length, containing a 5'- untranslated region (UTR) of 50 bp, a 3'- UTR of 783 bp, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 297 bp that encodes a protein consisting of 98 amino acids. The deduced AbIL-8 contained five cysteines, four of which are highly conserved, and an ELR motif typical of known mammalian CXC chemokines was also found preceding the CXC motif. Our phylogenetic analysis showed that AbIL-8 clustered with the CXCL8_L1 sequences from other teleosts, being clearly distinct from those of either birds or mammals. Abil-8 mRNA was constitutively expressed in all tested tissues and significantly up-regulated in the liver and spleen tissues by the bacteria Aernomas hydrophila. The in vitro experiment using primary spleen cells stimulated with heat-killed Aernomas hydrophila or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) revealed a similar expression pattern to that found in vivo, whereas stimulation on spleen cells with β-glucan or polyI:C elicited negligible changes in levels of Abil-8 mRNA. Purified recombinant AbIL-8 not only exhibited chemotactic activity for lymphocytes and monocytes in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and, to a lesser extent, spleen cells, but also stimulated the proliferation of spleen cells at 10 ng/mLor above. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of rAbIL-8 also up-regulated the expression of immuno-related genes (IL-6, IgM and MHCIIβ) at 24 h. Collectively, these results enhance our understanding of how IL-8 functions in the regulation of the immune responses in sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Wang
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute& Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, 100068, China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Guoqing Ma
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute& Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, 100068, China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute& Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, 100068, China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute& Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, 100068, China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Jianya Zhu
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute& Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, 100068, China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute& Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, 100068, China; National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China.
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9
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Saravanan K, Rajendran KV, Gireesh-Babu P, Purushothaman CS, Makesh M. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of secretory immunoglobulin M (IgM) heavy chain gene in rohu, Labeo rohita. Anim Biotechnol 2019; 31:413-425. [PMID: 31081447 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2019.1612411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the major isotype among teleost immunoglobulins. The present study was aimed to explore IgM heavy chain gene and its expression profile in rohu. Full-length IgM heavy chain cDNA of rohu consisted of 1994 bp encoding a polypeptide of 576 amino acid residues including a leader peptide, variable (VH) and constant (CH1-CH2-CH3-CH4) domains confirming the secretory form of IgM. The sequence carries conserved residues such as cysteine, tryptophan and amino acid motifs like 'YYCAR' and 'FDYWGKGT-VTV-S'. The predicted 3 D model confirmed various domains of rohu IgM heavy chain. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that IgM heavy chain gene of rohu shared the same cluster with that of other cyprinid fishes. Tissue distribution analysis showed the predominant level of IgM heavy chain gene expression in kidney, spleen and intestine. IgM heavy chain gene expression in rohu kidney was found to be up-regulated and reached a maximum at 7 days post-challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. These findings demonstrate the first report of full-length secretory IgM heavy chain gene in rohu. Besides, IgM heavy chain gene was highly expressed in major lymphoid tissues and bacterial challenge influenced its expression which further confirmed its role in the adaptive humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saravanan
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - K V Rajendran
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - P Gireesh-Babu
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - C S Purushothaman
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - M Makesh
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, India
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10
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Velázquez J, Acosta J, Lugo JM, Reyes E, Herrera F, González O, Morales A, Carpio Y, Estrada MP. Discovery of immunoglobulin T in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): A potential molecular marker to understand mucosal immunity in this species. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 88:124-136. [PMID: 30012536 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin molecules play an important role in the immune defense system in all jawed vertebrates, by protecting the organism from a wide variety of pathogens. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is extensively cultivated worldwide, with a strong established market demand. It constitutes one of the model species for the study of fish immunology and its genome is currently fully sequenced. The presence of the immunoglobulin M gene in this species is well documented, as well as its major role in systemic immunity. To date, the IgT gene from O. niloticus has not been identified and, therefore, no information is available on the role of this immunoglobulin isotype in the immune response in tilapia. In the present work, novel secreted and membrane immunoglobulin T isotypes and a fragment of IgM were isolated from tilapia head kidney lymphocytes. Their transcriptional profiles were analyzed by quantitative PCR in larval development and in different tissues of healthy or lipopolysaccharide/Edwardsiella tarda-challenged tilapia adults. The presence of IgT and IgM were detected in early stages of larval development. Additionally, these genes exhibited differential expression profiles in basal conditions and after E. tarda infection in adult tilapia, in accord with the proposed effector functions of these immunoglobulins in the systemic and mucosal compartments. Our results suggest the potential involvement of this new Ig in mucosal immunity in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Velázquez
- Veterinary Immunology Project, Animal Biotechnology Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Jannel Acosta
- Veterinary Immunology Project, Animal Biotechnology Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba; University of Concepción, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research of the UdeC (INCAR), O'higgins, 1695, Concepción, Chile
| | - Juana María Lugo
- Veterinary Immunology Project, Animal Biotechnology Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Eduardo Reyes
- Veterinary Immunology Project, Animal Biotechnology Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Fidel Herrera
- Veterinary Immunology Project, Animal Biotechnology Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Osmany González
- Veterinary Immunology Project, Animal Biotechnology Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Antonio Morales
- Veterinary Immunology Project, Animal Biotechnology Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Yamila Carpio
- Veterinary Immunology Project, Animal Biotechnology Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba.
| | - Mario Pablo Estrada
- Veterinary Immunology Project, Animal Biotechnology Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, Havana, 10600, Cuba.
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Lee JW, Kim JE, Goo IB, Hwang JA, Im JH, Choi HS, Lee JH. Expression of Immune-Related Genes during Loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) Embryonic and Early Larval Development. Dev Reprod 2016; 19:181-7. [PMID: 26973969 PMCID: PMC4786479 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2015.19.4.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Early life stage mortality in fish is one of the problems faced by loach aquaculture. However, our understanding of immune system in early life stage fish is still incomplete, and the information available is restricted to a few fish species. In the present work, we investigated the expression of immune-related transcripts in loach during early development. In fishes, recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG-1) and sacsin (SACS) have been considered as immunological function. In this study, the expression of the both genes was assessed throughout the early developmental stages of loach using real-time PCR method. maRAG-1 mRNA was first detected in 0 dph, observed the increased mostly until 40 dph. Significant expression of maRAG-1 was detected in 0 to 40 dph. These patterns of expression may suggest that the loach start to develop its function after hatching. On the other hand, maSACS was detected in unfertilized oocyte to molura stages and 0 to 40 dph. maSACS mRNA transcripts were detected in unfertilized oocytes, suggesting that they are maternally transferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Wook Lee
- Inland Aquaculture Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Changwon 645-806, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Inland Aquaculture Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Changwon 645-806, Korea
| | - In Bon Goo
- Inland Aquaculture Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Changwon 645-806, Korea
| | - Ju-Ae Hwang
- Inland Aquaculture Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Changwon 645-806, Korea
| | - Jea Hyun Im
- Inland Aquaculture Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Changwon 645-806, Korea
| | - Hye-Sung Choi
- Inland Aquaculture Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Changwon 645-806, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Lee
- Inland Aquaculture Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Changwon 645-806, Korea
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Arend P. ABO (histo) blood group phenotype development and human reproduction as they relate to ancestral IgM formation: A hypothesis. Immunobiology 2016; 221:116-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Wang X, Tan X, Zhang PJ, Zhang Y, Xu P. Recombination-activating gene 1 and 2 (RAG1 and RAG2) in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). J Biosci 2015; 39:849-58. [PMID: 25431413 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-014-9469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
During the development of B and T lymphocytes, Ig and TCR variable region genes are assembled from germline V, D, and J gene segments by a site-specific recombination reaction known as V(D)J recombination. The process of somatic V(D)J recombination, mediated by the recombination-activating gene (RAG) products, is the most significant characteristic of adaptive immunity in jawed vertebrates. Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) RAG1 and RAG2 were isolated by Genome Walker and RT-PCR, and their expression patterns were analysed by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization on sections. RAG1 spans over 7.0 kb, containing 4 exons and 3 introns, and the full-length ORF is 3207 bp, encoding a peptide of 1068 amino acids. The first exon lies in the 5'-UTR, which is an alternative exon. RAG2 full-length ORF is 1062 bp, encodes a peptide of 533 amino acids, and lacks introns in the coding region. In 6-month old flounders, the expression of RAG1 and RAG2 was essentially restricted to the pronephros (head kidney) and mesonephros (truck kidney). Additionally, both of them were mainly expressed in the thymus. These results revealed that the thymus and kidney most likely serve as the primary lymphoid tissues in the flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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14
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Lee JW, Yang H, Noh JK, Kim HC, Park CJ, Park JW, Hwang IJ, Kim SY, Lee JH. RAG-1 and IgM Genes, Markers for Early Development of the Immune System in Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Dev Reprod 2015; 18:99-106. [PMID: 25949177 PMCID: PMC4282251 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2014.18.2.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fish larvae are immediately exposed to microbes from hatching to maturation of their lymphoid organs, therefore effective innate mechanisms is very important for survival. However, the knowledge of the development of immune system in fish is limited and in demand now. In vertebrates, recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG-1) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) have been considered as very useful markers of the physiological maturity of the immune system. In this study, the expression of the both genes was assessed throughout the early developmental stages of olive flounder larvae (5-55 dph) and used as markers to follow the development of immune system. RAG-1 and IgM mRNA expression was detectable at 5 dph and remained so until 55 dph. These patterns of expression may suggest that the olive flounder start to develop its function around 5 dph. Tissue distribution was found that both genes mRNAs are only expressed in the immune-related organ such as spleen, kidney and gill. The early detection of IgM mRNA led to the investigation of its presence in oocytes. Both RAG-1 and IgM mRNA transcripts were detected in unfertilized oocytes, suggesting that they are maternally transferred. The biological significance of such a phenomenon remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Wook Lee
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, NFRDI, Geoje 656-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Yang
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, NFRDI, Geoje 656-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Koo Noh
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, NFRDI, Geoje 656-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, NFRDI, Geoje 656-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Choul-Ji Park
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, NFRDI, Geoje 656-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Park
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, NFRDI, Geoje 656-842, Republic of Korea
| | - In Joon Hwang
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, NFRDI, Geoje 656-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, NFRDI, Geoje 656-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Lee
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, NFRDI, Geoje 656-842, Republic of Korea
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