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Alves LMF, Lemos MFL, Cabral H, Novais SC. Elasmobranchs as bioindicators of pollution in the marine environment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 176:113418. [PMID: 35150988 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioindicator species are increasingly valuable in environmental pollution monitoring, and elasmobranch species include many suitable candidates for that role. By measuring contaminants and employing biomarkers of effect in relevant elasmobranch species, scientists may gain important insights about the impacts of pollution in marine ecosystems. This review compiles biomarkers applied in elasmobranchs to assess the effect of pollutants (e.g., metals, persistent organic pollutants, and plastics), and the environmental changes induced by anthropogenic activities (e.g., shifts in marine temperature, pH, and oxygenation). Over 30 biomarkers measured in more than 12 species were examined, including biotransformation biomarkers (e.g., cytochrome P450 1A), oxidative stress-related biomarkers (e.g., superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation, catalase, and vitamins), stress proteins (e.g., heat shock protein 70), reproductive and endocrine biomarkers (e.g., vitellogenin), osmoregulation biomarkers (e.g., trimethylamine N-oxide, Na+/K+-ATPase, and plasma ions), energetic and neurotoxic biomarkers (e.g., lactate dehydrogenase, lactate, and cholinesterases), and histopathological and morphologic biomarkers (e.g., tissue lesions and gross indices).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís M F Alves
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal.
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal
| | | | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal
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Marancik DP, Perrault JR, Komoroske LM, Stoll JA, Kelley KN, Manire CA. Plasma proteomics of green turtles ( Chelonia mydas) reveals pathway shifts and potential biomarker candidates associated with health and disease. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab018. [PMID: 33959286 PMCID: PMC8084024 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating sea turtle health can be challenging due to an incomplete understanding of pathophysiologic responses in these species. Proteome characterization of clinical plasma samples can provide insights into disease progression and prospective biomarker targets. A TMT-10-plex-LC-MS/MS platform was used to characterize the plasma proteome of five, juvenile, green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and compare qualitative and quantitative protein changes during moribund and recovered states. The 10 plasma samples yielded a total of 670 unique proteins. Using ≥1.2-fold change in protein abundance as a benchmark for physiologic upregulation or downregulation, 233 (34.8%) were differentially regulated in at least one turtle between moribund and recovered states. Forty-six proteins (6.9%) were differentially regulated in all five turtles with two proteins (0.3%) demonstrating a statistically significant change. A principle component analysis showed protein abundance loosely clustered between moribund samples or recovered samples and for turtles that presented with trauma (n = 3) or as intestinal floaters (n = 2). Gene Ontology terms demonstrated that moribund samples were represented by a higher number of proteins associated with blood coagulation, adaptive immune responses and acute phase response, while recovered turtle samples included a relatively higher number of proteins associated with metabolic processes and response to nutrients. Abundance levels of 48 proteins (7.2%) in moribund samples significantly correlated with total protein, albumin and/or globulin levels quantified by biochemical analysis. Differentially regulated proteins identified with immunologic and physiologic functions are discussed for their possible role in the green turtle pathophysiologic response and for their potential use as diagnostic biomarkers. These findings enhance our ability to interpret sea turtle health and further progress conservation, research and rehabilitation programs for these ecologically important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Marancik
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George’s University, True Blue, Grenada, West Indies
- Corresponding author: Tel: 473-444-4175.
| | - Justin R Perrault
- Loggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US Highway One, Juno Beach, FL 33408, USA
| | - Lisa M Komoroske
- College of Natural Resources, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 230 Stockbridge Road, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jamie A Stoll
- College of Natural Resources, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 230 Stockbridge Road, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Kristina N Kelley
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George’s University, True Blue, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Charles A Manire
- Loggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US Highway One, Juno Beach, FL 33408, USA
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Liu PF, Xia Y, Hua XT, Fan K, Li X, Zhang Z, Liu Y. Quantitative proteomic analysis in serum of Takifugu rubripes infected with Cryptocaryon irritans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:213-221. [PMID: 32534232 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cryptocaryon irritans can cause cryptocaryonosis (white spot disease) in marine fish but the pathogenesis of the disease is unclear. In this work, we used high-throughput proteomics to identify differentially expressed proteins in the serum of Takifugu rubripes challenged with C. irritans. By using quantitative proteomic assays combined with Tandem Mass Tag-labeled quantitative proteomic analysis, we identified a total of 2088 differentially abundant proteins (1706 proteins were quantified, p < 0.05, fold-change threshold ≥ 2), including 21 up-regulated and 44 down-regulated. Combined with STRING-based functional analysis, we ultimately obtained eight proteins including glucokinase-like, integrin beta-1-like isoform X2, H4, H2A.V, histone H1-like, histone H2AX-like, histone H2B 1/2-like and myosin-9 isoform X1, which could be considered as potential biomarkers for T. rubripes immune responses. Eight proteins that were selected to validate significant differentially expressed genes at the proteomic level were consistent with qPCR at the transcriptomic level. The proteins identified in our work may serve as candidates for elucidating the molecular mechanism of cryptocaryonosis in T. rubripes. Our collective findings could provide new insights into searching for disease-specific targets and biomarkers, which may be effective indicators of C. irritans infection in T. rubripes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Liu
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yuqing Xia
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xin-Tong Hua
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Kunpeng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaohao Li
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China; Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Ning M, Wei P, Shen H, Wan X, Jin M, Li X, Shi H, Qiao Y, Jiang G, Gu W, Wang W, Wang L, Meng Q. Proteomic and metabolomic responses in hepatopancreas of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei infected by microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:534-545. [PMID: 30721776 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) causes hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) in shrimp. HPM is not normally associated with shrimp mortality, but is associated with significant growth retardation. In this study, the responses induced by EHP were investigated in hepatopancreas of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei using proteomics and metabolomics. Among differential proteins identified, several (e.g., peritrophin-44-like protein, alpha2 macroglobulin isoform 2, prophenoloxidase-activating enzymes, ferritin, Rab11A and cathepsin C) were related to pathogen infection and host immunity. Other proteomic biomarkers (i.e., farnesoic acid o-methyltransferase, juvenile hormone esterase-like carboxylesterase 1 and ecdysteroid-regulated protein) resulted in a growth hormone disorder that prevented the shrimp from molting. Both proteomic KEGG pathway (e.g., "Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis" and "Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism") and metabolomic KEGG pathway (e.g., "Galactose metabolism" and "Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids") data indicated that energy metabolism pathway was down-regulated in the hepatopancreas when infected by EHP. More importantly, the changes of hormone regulation and energy metabolism could provide much-needed insight into the underlying mechanisms of stunted growth in shrimp after EHP infection. Altogether, this study demonstrated that proteomics and metabolomics could provide an insightful view into the effects of microsporidial infection in the shrimp L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiao Ning
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Panpan Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Institute of Oceanology and Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Jiangsu, 226007, China
| | - Xihe Wan
- Institute of Oceanology and Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Jiangsu, 226007, China
| | - Mingjian Jin
- Rudong Center for Control and Prevention of Aquatic Animal Infectious Disease, 25# Changjiang Road, Rudong, 226400, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Institute of Oceanology and Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Jiangsu, 226007, China
| | - Ge Jiang
- Institute of Oceanology and Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Jiangsu, 226007, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China
| | - Wen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China.
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Xu Y, Shi J, Hao W, Xiang T, Zhou H, Wang W, Meng Q, Ding Z. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of Procambarus clakii hemocytes during Spiroplasma eriocheiris infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:438-444. [PMID: 29625245 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As a new-found aquaculture pathogen, Spiroplasma eriocheiris, has resulted in inconceivable economic losses in aquaculture. In the infection of S. eriocheiris, the Procambarus clakii hemocytes have indicated to be major target cells. What was designed to examine in our study is the hemocytes' immune response at the protein levels. Before the pathogen was injected and after 192 h of post-injection, the differential proteomes of the crayfish hemocytes were analyzed immediately by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantization (iTRAQ) labeling, followed by liquid chromatogramphytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This research had identified a total of 285 differentially expressed proteins. Eighty-three and 202 proteins were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, caused by the S. eriocheiris infection. Up-regulated proteins included alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M), vitellogenin, ferritin, etc. Down-regulated proteins, involved with serine protease, peroxiredoxin 6, 14-3-3-like protein, C-type lectin, cdc42 homolog precursor, etc. The prophenoloxidase-activating system, antimicrobial action involved in the immune responses of P. clarkii is considered to be damaged due to S. eriocheiris infection. The present work could lay the foundation for future research on the proteins related to the susceptibility/resistance of P. clarkii to S. eriocheiris. In addition, it is helpful for our understanding molecular mechanism of disease processes in crayfishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinbin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jinyan Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biofunctional Molecules & Aquatic Institute of Jiangsu Second Normal University, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, 77 West Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210013, China
| | - Wenjing Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Tao Xiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Zhengfeng Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biofunctional Molecules & Aquatic Institute of Jiangsu Second Normal University, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, 77 West Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210013, China.
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iTRAQ-Based Identification of Proteins Related to Muscle Growth in the Pacific Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112237. [PMID: 29068414 PMCID: PMC5713207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The abalone Haliotis discus hannai is an important aquaculture species that is grown for human consumption. However, little is known of the genetic mechanisms governing muscle growth in this species, particularly with respect to proteomics. The isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) method allows for sensitive and accurate protein quantification. Our study was the first to use iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics to investigate muscle growth regulation in H. discus hannai. Among the 1904 proteins identified from six samples, 125 proteins were differentially expressed in large specimens of H. discus hannai as compared to small specimens. In the large specimens, 47 proteins were upregulated and 78 were downregulated. Many of the significant Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, including these differentially expressed proteins, were closely related to muscle growth, including apoptosis, thyroid hormone signaling, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, and viral myocarditis (p < 0.05). Our quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses suggested that the alterations in expression levels observed in the differentially expressed proteins were consistent with the alterations observed in the encoding mRNAs, indicating the repeatability of our proteomic approach. Our findings contribute to the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of muscle growth in H. discus hannai.
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Xin X, Liu X, Li X, Ding X, Yang S, Jin C, Li G, Guo H. Comparative muscle proteomics/phosphoproteomics analysis provides new insight for the biosafety evaluation of fat-1 transgenic cattle. Transgenic Res 2017; 26:625-638. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-017-0032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Liu PF, Du Y, Meng L, Li X, Liu Y. Proteomic analysis in kidneys of Atlantic salmon infected with Aeromonas salmonicida by iTRAQ. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 72:140-153. [PMID: 28235584 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida is a major etiologic agent which induces furunculosis and is globally harmful in salmonid and turbot cultures, especially in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farming. In order to improve knowledge of its poorly understood pathogenesis, we utilized high-throughput proteomics to display differentially expressed proteins in the kidney of Atlantic salmon challenged with high and low infection dose of A. salmonicida at 7 and 14 days. In quantitative proteomic assays, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) combined with 2D LC-MS/MS is emerging as a powerful methodology in the search for disease-specific targets and biomarkers. In this study, 4009 distinct proteins (unused ≥ 1.3, which is a confidence ≥ 95%) were identified in three two-dimensional LC/MS/MS analyses. Then we chose 140 proteins (fold change ratio ≥ 1.5 and P < 0.01) combined with protein-protein interaction analysis to ultimately obtain 39 proteins in network which could be considered as potential biomarkers for Atlantic salmon immune responses. Nine significant differentially expressed proteins were consistent with those at the proteomic level used to validate genes at the transcriptomic level by qPCR. Collectively, these data was first reported using an iTRAQ approach to provide additional elements for consideration in the pathophysiology of A. salmonicida and pave the way to resolve the influence of this disease in Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Liu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Yishuai Du
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lingjie Meng
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xian Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.
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PLASMA PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS AND SELECT ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS IN HEALTHY BONNETHEAD SHARKS (SPHYRNA TIBURO) UNDER MANAGED CARE. J Zoo Wildl Med 2017; 47:984-992. [PMID: 28080905 DOI: 10.1638/2016-0048.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventative health care of elasmobranchs is an important but understudied field of aquatic veterinary medicine. Evaluation of inflammation through the acute phase response is a valuable tool in health assessments. To better assess the health of bonnethead sharks ( Sphyrna tiburo ) under managed care, normal reference intervals of protein electrophoresis (EPH) and the acute phase proteins, C-reactive protein (CRP) and haptoglobin (HP), were established. Blood was collected from wild caught, captive raised bonnethead sharks housed at public aquaria. Lithium heparinized plasma was either submitted fresh or stored at -80°C prior to submission. Electrophoresis identified protein fractions with migration characteristics similar to other animals with albumin, α-1 globulin, α-2 globulin, β globulin, and γ globulin. These fractions were classified as fractions 1-5 as fractional contents are unknown in this species. Commercial reagents for CRP and HP were validated for use in bonnethead sharks. Reference intervals were established using the robust method recommended by the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology for the calculation of 90% reference intervals. Once established, the diagnostic and clinical applicability of these reference intervals was used to assess blood from individuals with known infectious diseases that resulted in systemic inflammation and eventual death. Unhealthy bonnethead sharks had significantly decreased fraction 2, fraction 3, and fraction 3:4 ratio and significantly increased fraction 5, CRP, and HP. These findings advance our understanding of elasmobranch acute phase inflammatory response and health and aid clinicians in the diagnosis of inflammatory disease in bonnethead sharks.
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Micallef G, Cash P, Fernandes JMO, Rajan B, Tinsley JW, Bickerdike R, Martin SAM, Bowman AS. Dietary Yeast Cell Wall Extract Alters the Proteome of the Skin Mucous Barrier in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): Increased Abundance and Expression of a Calreticulin-Like Protein. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169075. [PMID: 28046109 PMCID: PMC5207756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve fish health and reduce use of chemotherapeutants in aquaculture production, the immunomodulatory effect of various nutritional ingredients has been explored. In salmon, there is evidence that functional feeds can reduce the abundance of sea lice. This study aimed to determine if there were consistent changes in the skin mucus proteome that could serve as a biomarker for dietary yeast cell wall extract. The effect of dietary yeast cell wall extract on the skin mucus proteome of Atlantic salmon was examined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Forty-nine spots showed a statistically significant change in their normalised volumes between the control and yeast cell wall diets. Thirteen spots were successfully identified by peptide fragment fingerprinting and LC-MS/MS and these belonged to a variety of functions and pathways. To assess the validity of the results from the proteome approach, the gene expression of a selection of these proteins was studied in skin mRNA from two different independent feeding trials using yeast cell wall extracts. A calreticulin-like protein increased in abundance at both the protein and transcript level in response to dietary yeast cell wall extract. The calreticulin-like protein was identified as a possible biomarker for yeast-derived functional feeds since it showed the most consistent change in expression in both the mucus proteome and skin transcriptome. The discovery of such a biomarker is expected to quicken the pace of research in the application of yeast cell wall extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Micallef
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip Cash
- Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | - Binoy Rajan
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | | | - Samuel A. M. Martin
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Alan S. Bowman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Yao JY, Xu Y, Yuan XM, Yin WL, Yang GL, Lin LY, Pan XY, Wang CF, Shen JY. Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the two developmental stages of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Parasitol Res 2016; 116:637-646. [PMID: 27864673 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ichthyophthirius is a severe disease of farmed freshwater fish caused by the parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich). This disease can lead to considerable economic loss, but the protein profiles in different developmental stages of the parasite remain unknown. In the present study, proteins from trophonts and theronts of Ich were identified by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). A total of 2300 proteins were identified in the two developmental stages, of which 1520 proteins were differentially expressed. Among them, 84 proteins were uniquely expressed in the theronts stage, while 656 proteins were expressed only in trophonts. The differentially expressed proteins were catalogued (assorted) to various functions of Ich life cycle, including biological process, cellular component, and molecular function that occur at distinct stages. Using a 1.5-fold change in expression as a physiologically significant benchmark, a lot of differentially expressed proteins were reliably quantified by iTRAQ analysis. Two hundred forty upregulated and 57 downregulated proteins in the trophonts stage were identified as compared with theronts. The identified proteins were involved in various functions of the I. multifiliis life cycle, including binding, catalytic activity, structural molecule activity, and transporter activity. Further investigation of the transcriptional levels of periplasmic immunogenic protein, transketolase, zinc finger, isocitrate dehydrogenase, etc., from the different protein profiles using quantitative RT-PCR showed identical results to the iTRAQ analysis. This work provides an effective resource to further our understanding of Ich biology, and lays the groundwork for the identification of potential drug targets and vaccines candidates for the control of this devastating fish pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yun Yao
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China
| | - Xue-Mei Yuan
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China
| | - Wen-Lin Yin
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China
| | - Gui-Lian Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ling-Yun Lin
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Pan
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Jin-Yu Shen
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China.
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Hou L, Xiu Y, Wang J, Liu X, Liu Y, Gu W, Wang W, Meng Q. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of Macrobrachium rosenbergii hemocytes during Spiroplasma eriocheiris infection. J Proteomics 2015; 136:112-22. [PMID: 26746008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Spiroplasma eriocheiris, as a novel aquaculture pathogen, has led into catastrophic economic losses in aquaculture. The Macrobrachium rosenbergii hemocytes were major target cells in S. eriocheiris infection. Our study was designed to examine the hemocytes' immune response at the protein levels. The differential proteomes of the prawn hemocytes were analyzed immediately prior to injection with the pathogen, and at 192h post-injection by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantization (iTRAQ) labeling, followed by liquid chromatogramphytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of 69 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Forty-nine proteins were up-regulated and 20 proteins were down-regulated resulting from a S. eriocheiris infection. Up-regulated proteins included vertebrate gliacolin-like protein, vitellogenin, Gram-negative binding protein 1, alpha2 macroglobulin isoform 2 (a2M), etc. Down-regulated proteins, involved with beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein (BGBP), immunoglobulin like, Rab7, lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan (LGBP), actin-related protein, etc. Selected bioactive factors (tachylectin, α2M and vitellogenin, BGBP, C-type lectin, LGBP and Rab7) were verified by their immune roles in the S. eriocheiris infection using real-time PCR. The present work could serve as a basis for future studies on the proteins implicated in the susceptibility/resistance of M. rosenbergii to S. eriocheiris, as well as contribute to our understanding of disease processes in prawns. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first time using an iTRAQ approach to analyze proteomes of M. rosenbergii mobilized against S. eriocheiris infection and substantiated the hemocytes' proteomic changes in M. rosenbergii using an infection model. The results reported here can provide a significant step forward toward a more complete elucidation of the immune relationship between M. rosenbergii and the pathogen S. eriocheiris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yunji Xiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China.
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Cray C, Rodriguez M, Field C, McDermott A, Leppert L, Clauss T, Bossart GD. Protein and cholesterol electrophoresis of plasma samples from captive cownose ray (Rhinoptera bonasus). J Vet Diagn Invest 2015; 27:688-95. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638715607293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study was undertaken to assess the application of semiautomated methods available at the reference laboratory level for the evaluation of plasma protein and cholesterol via electrophoresis in samples from cownose rays ( Rhinoptera bonasus). Three groups of animals were assessed: clinically normal, clinically abnormal, and parasitized with leeches. As reported previously, the albumin band was negligible; the protein electrophoretograms were dominated by a large beta-globulin fraction. While the group of samples from the leech-parasitized rays did not show any large differences, the abnormal group exhibited significantly elevated total solids and cholesterol levels. The latter was related to a significant increase in very low density lipoprotein levels. The results demonstrate the potential application of these laboratory methods in quantitation of plasma proteins and cholesterol fractions in subclass Elasmobranchii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Cray
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (Cray, Rodriquez, Bossart)
- Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA (McDermott, Leppert, Clauss, Bossart)
- The Marine Mammal Center, Sausolito, CA (Field)
| | - Marilyn Rodriguez
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (Cray, Rodriquez, Bossart)
- Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA (McDermott, Leppert, Clauss, Bossart)
- The Marine Mammal Center, Sausolito, CA (Field)
| | - Cara Field
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (Cray, Rodriquez, Bossart)
- Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA (McDermott, Leppert, Clauss, Bossart)
- The Marine Mammal Center, Sausolito, CA (Field)
| | - Alexa McDermott
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (Cray, Rodriquez, Bossart)
- Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA (McDermott, Leppert, Clauss, Bossart)
- The Marine Mammal Center, Sausolito, CA (Field)
| | - Lynda Leppert
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (Cray, Rodriquez, Bossart)
- Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA (McDermott, Leppert, Clauss, Bossart)
- The Marine Mammal Center, Sausolito, CA (Field)
| | - Tonya Clauss
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (Cray, Rodriquez, Bossart)
- Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA (McDermott, Leppert, Clauss, Bossart)
- The Marine Mammal Center, Sausolito, CA (Field)
| | - Gregory D. Bossart
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (Cray, Rodriquez, Bossart)
- Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA (McDermott, Leppert, Clauss, Bossart)
- The Marine Mammal Center, Sausolito, CA (Field)
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Edwardsiella tarda-regulated proteins in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus): Identification and evaluation of antibacterial potentials. J Proteomics 2015; 124:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Meng Q, Hou L, Zhao Y, Huang X, Huang Y, Xia S, Gu W, Wang W. iTRAQ-based proteomic study of the effects of Spiroplasma eriocheiris on Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis hemocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 40:182-9. [PMID: 25017370 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Spiroplasma eriocheiris is as a novel pathogen of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis tremor disease. The hemocytes have been shown to be major target cells in S. eriocheiris infection. The aim of this study was to examine the hemocytes' immune response at the protein levels. The differential proteomes of the crab hemocytes were analyzed immediately prior to injection with the pathogen, and at 10 d post-injection by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantization (iTRAQ) labeling, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of 1075 proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS and de novo sequencing data. Using a 1.2-fold change in expression as a physiologically significant benchmark, 76 differentially expressed proteins (7.07%) were reliably quantified by iTRAQ analysis. Thirty-five (3.26%) proteins were up-regulated and 41 (3.81%) proteins were down-regulated resulting from a S. eriocheiris infection. Approximately 20 differential proteins in hemocytes were involved in the stress and immune responses. Up-regulated proteins included alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M), prostaglandin D synthase (GST), ferritin, and heat shock protein 60. Down-regulated proteins included two lectins (mannose-binding protein and hemocytin), three kinds of serine proteinase inhibitors (two serpins and pacifastin), three different kinds of serine proteases, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK), and two thioredoxins (Trx), crustin, etc. Selected bioactive factors (α2M, GST, ferritin, tubulin, crustin, thioredoxin, clip domain serine protease and serpin) are verified by their immune roles in the S. eriocheiris infection using Real-time PCR. The variation trend of immune gene's mRNA expression is similar with the result of iTRAQ, except the tubulin. The prophenoloxidase-activating system, antimicrobial action and antioxidant system involved in the immune responses of E. sinensis is believed to be a resistance to S. eriocheiris infection. This is the first report of the proteome response of crab hemocytes against S. eriocheiris infection. These findings contribute to our understanding of tremor disease processes in crabs, and provide the first evidence to promote a search for potential biomarkers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguo Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Libo Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanqing Huang
- Key and Open Laboratory of Marine and Estuary Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture of China, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Siyao Xia
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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