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Purbiantoro W, Huynh-Phuoc V, Castillo-Corea BRJ, Byadgi OV, Cheng TC. Effectiveness of dietary heat-killed Bacillus subtilis harboring plasmid containing 60 copies of CpG-ODN 1668 against Vibrio harveyi in Penaeus vannamei. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:85-101. [PMID: 37530963 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The cost of the purification process hinders the extensive use of cytosine phosphate guanosine-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) for shrimp culture. Therefore, this study used a shuttle vector plasmid to carry 60 copies of CpG-ODN 1668 (pAD43-25_60CpG), which can replicate in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis strain RIK1285. The first experiment used a reverse gavage procedure to deliver a substance (PBS [CK], pAD43-25 [P0], and pAD43-25_60CpG [P60], respectively) directly into the anterior midgut of Penaeus vannamei and transcriptome sequence analysis with a reference genome was performed to examine the expression of well-known immune-related genes. The results showed that the expression levels of immune-related genes in P60 group were significantly increased, particularly those associated with AMPs. In addition, using RT‒qPCR, the expression levels of AMP genes (LvALF, LvPEN-2, and LvPEN-3) in the P60 group may vary depending on the tissue and time point. The second experiment used dietary supplementation with three kinds of heat-killed B. subtilis (HKBS, HKBS-P0, and HKBS-P60) in 28 days of feeding experiments. The results showed that dietary supplementation with HKBS-P60 did not significantly improve shrimp growth performance and survival. However, on days 14 and 28 of the feeding regimens, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activity were considerably higher than in other treatments. In addition, following infection with Vibrio harveyi, AKP and ACP activity in the HKBS-P60 group was significantly higher than in other treatments, particularly at the early stage of bacterial infection. Moreover, HKBS-P60 was found to be better protected against V. harveyi infection with lower cumulative mortality (60%) compared to HKBS (90%) and HKBS-P0 (100%) at 7 days after infection. Overall, these findings confirmed that P60 could increase immunological responses in the shrimp midgut, and HKBS-P60 could be used as an effective tool to enhance the immune response and disease resistance in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Purbiantoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Fish Immunology and Genetics, Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Marine and Land Bioindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia
| | - Vinh Huynh-Phuoc
- Laboratory of Molecular Fish Immunology and Genetics, Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - B R J Castillo-Corea
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Omkar Vijay Byadgi
- International Program in Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chih Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Fish Immunology and Genetics, Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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2
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Jia R, Quan D, Min X, Nie X, Huang X, Ge J, Ren Q. Glutathione S-transferase gene diversity and their regulation by Nrf2 in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) during nitrite stress. Gene 2023; 864:147324. [PMID: 36863531 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Eriocheir sinensis is one of the most important economic aquatic products in China. However, nitrite pollution has become a serious threat to the healthy culture of E. sinensis. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is an important phase II detoxification enzyme, which plays a leading role in the cellular detoxification of exogenous substances. In this study, we obtained 15 GST genes (designated as EsGST1-15) from E. sinensis, and their expression and regulation in E. sinensis under nitrite stress were studied. EsGST1-15 belonged to different GST subclasses. EsGST1, EsGST2, EsGST3, EsGST4, and EsGST5 belonged to Delta-class GSTs; EsGST6 and EsGST7 are Theta-class GSTs; EsGST8 is a mGST-3-class GST; EsGST9 belonged to mGST-1-class GSTs; EsGST10 and EsGST11 belonged to Sigma-class GSTs; EsGST12, EsGST13, and EsGST14 are Mu-class GSTs; EsGST15 is a Kappa-class GST. Tissue distribution experiments showed that EsGSTs were widely distributed in all detected tissues. The expression level of EsGST1-15 was significantly increased in the hepatopancreas under nitrite stress, indicating that EsGSTs were involved in the detoxification of E. sinensis under nitrite stress. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that can activate the expression of detoxification enzyme. We detected the expression of EsGST1-15 after interfering with EsNrf2 in the hepatopancreas of E. sinensis with or without nitrite stress. Results showed that EsGST1-15 were all regulated by EsNrf2 with or without nitrite stress. Our study provides new information about the diversity, expression, and regulation of GSTs in E. sinensis under nitrite stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Derun Quan
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Xiuwen Min
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Ximei Nie
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China.
| | - Jiachun Ge
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210017, China.
| | - Qian Ren
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210044, China.
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3
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Cao H, Zhang S, An J, Diao J, Xu L, Gai C. Rhodobacter azotoformans supplementation improves defense ability of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis against citrobacteriosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:991-998. [PMID: 36368632 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rhodobacter probiotics are considered as good alternatives to antibiotics for aquaculture. Yet the beneficial effects of Rhodobacter on Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis are still unclear, and more functions of Rhodobacter supplementation need to be clarified. In this study, a 60-day feeding trial was performed to investigate the protective effects of R. azotoformans against citrobacteriosis in E. sinensis by growth performance, serum immunity, hepatopancreatic antioxidant capability, intestinal flora, and resistance to Citrobacter freundii challenge assays. The results showed that R. azotoformans supplementation significantly and dose-dependently increased weight gain and specific growth rate as well as activities of serum immune and hepatopancreatic antioxidant enzymes, leading to notable improvement in the growth performance, serum immunity and hepatopancreatic antioxidant status of E. sinensis. Besides, R. azotoformans supplementation significantly enhanced intestinal microbial abundance and diversity in E. sinensis, and conferred significant protection of the crabs against C. freundii challenge with seven-day survival rates of 70.0%-100.0%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal the protective effects of R. azotoformans against citrobacteriosis in E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Cao
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shumeng Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jian An
- Marine and Fisheries Development Promotion Center of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 266104, China
| | - Jing Diao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control in Mariculture, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266104, China
| | - La Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control in Mariculture, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266104, China
| | - Chunlei Gai
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control in Mariculture, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266104, China.
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4
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Huang S, Ma Y, Wang F, Li J, Yang Z, Jiang Y, Chen X, Hu S, Yi Q. ERK is involved in the regulation of CpG ODN 2395 on the expression levels of anti-lipopolysaccharide factors in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:1206-1213. [PMID: 36403703 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), as an effective adjuvant or immunopotentiator, activate the immune system and induce various immune responses. Recently, it has also been reported that high dose of CpG ODN can lead to immunosuppression. However, the underlying mechanism of CpG ODN-mediated immune response remains largely unknown in invertebrates. In the present study, the role of ERK in regulating expression levels of anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) induced by different doses of CpG ODN 2395 was analyzed in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. The mRNA expression levels of EsALFs (EsALF1, EsALF2 and EsALF3) and EsERK in haemocytes were observed to increase from 6 h to 48 h post low doses of CpG ODN 2395 (0.5 μg and 2.5 μg) stimulation, while they were suppressed after high dose of CpG ODN 2395 (12.5 μg) injection. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation levels of ERK in haemocytes were significantly promoted after low doses of CpG ODN 2395 injection, and a reduce level of ERK phosphorylation was observed after high dose of CpG ODN 2395 injection. Further investigation showed that the expression levels of EsALFs induced by CpG ODN 2395 were markedly down-regulated after knocking down the expression of EsERK. Similarly, the EsALFs mRNA expression were also inhibited post different doses of CpG ODN 2395 stimulation in PD98059 (ERK inhibitor) injection crabs. These results collectively suggest that ERK is involved in regulating the expression level of EsALFs induced by different dose of CpG ODN 2395 in Chinese mitten crab, which contribute to the understanding of the regulation of CpG ODN involving in immune response in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Huang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 11026, China
| | - Yuhan Ma
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 11026, China
| | - Fengchi Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 11026, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 11026, China
| | - Zhichao Yang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 11026, China
| | - Yusheng Jiang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 11026, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 11026, China
| | - Shengyang Hu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 11026, China
| | - Qilin Yi
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 11026, China.
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5
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Wang L, Liu F, Zhang G, Su H, Sun J. A novel Ush transcription factor involving in hematopoiesis of Eriocheir sinensis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 259:110703. [PMID: 34915123 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The FOG transcriptional factor is a co-regulator that recognizes and binds to the GATA N-terminal zinc-finger domain and participates in hemocyte production and differentiation. In this study, an FOG-like gene, Ush, was characterized from Eriocheir sinensis, which consists of an 897 bp full-length open reading frame, encoding a polypeptide of 298 amino acids with four ZnF_C2H2 domains. The EsUsh mRNA transcripts were mainly expressed in the hematopoietic tissue (HPT) and hemocytes, and were significantly higher in hyalinocytes than semi-granulocytes and granulocytes, which were separated by Percoll gradient centrifugation. The transcription levels of EsUsh were found to be significantly upregulated in HPT, but downregulated in hemocytes after exsanguination. By using flow cytometry to determine the percentage of hemocyte sub-population after exsanguination, the percentage of hyalinocytes was found to significantly downregulated, while the percentage of granulocytes was significantly upregulated. Silencing EsUsh by dsRNA interference significantly decreased the percentage of hyalinocytes and small granulocytes, and increased the percentage of medium granulocytes and large granulocytes. Such findings suggest that EsUsh might be involved in hemocyte production and differentiation, especially in promoting hyalinocyte formation and limiting granulocyte generation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China,.
| | - Fang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Guangcheng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hui Su
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China,.
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6
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Lin S, Kong T, Ren X, Li S, Gong Y. Elucidation of Gut Microbiota in Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain Challenged to WSSV and Aeromonas hydrophila. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:661-672. [PMID: 32914203 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mud crab Scylla paramamosain (S. paramamosain) is an economically important marine crab species around the world. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and Aeromonas hydrophila (AH) are pathogens during mud crab mariculture. It has been reported that gut microbiota possessed a great impact on the host development, nutrition, immunity, and disease resistance. However, little information was known about the impacts of WSSV or AH infection on the structure, composition, and function of the gut microbiotain of mud crabs. In this study, the gut microbiota of mud crabs infected with A. hydrophila and WSSV were characterized. The results showed that the composition and bacteria correlation of the gut microbiota were significantly decreased. During A. hydrophila infection, the pathogens played a major regulatory role in host. While in the mud crabs infected with WSSV, many beneficial strains had a great impact on the host expect for the pathogens. Therefore, our study revealed the effect of pathogens infection on gut microbiota of mud crabs and clarified the difference between viral infection and bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmeng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Tongtong Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xin Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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7
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Li J, Fan Q, Cai H, Deng J, Ming F, Li J, Zeng M, Ma M, Zhao P, Liang Q, Jia J, Zhang S, Zhang L. Identification of RBP4 from bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) / silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and effects of CpG ODN on RBP4 expression under A. hydrophila challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:476-488. [PMID: 32209398 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is known as a highly conserved adipokine for immune activation. Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) is the most common zoonotic pathogen in aquaculture, which causes serious economic losses to aquaculture, especially to bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, H. nobilis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, H. molitrix). Recent studies along with our previous findings have shown that synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG ODN) can play a good role in aquatic animals against infection. In order to clarify the relationship between CpG ODN and RBP4 under A. hydrophila infection, firstly, full-length RBP4 cDNAs from H. nobilis and H. molitrix were cloned. And characteristics of RBP4, including sequence and structure, tissue distribution and genetic evolution were analyzed. In addition, mRNA expression levels of RBP4, cytokine, toll-like receptors (TLRs), morbidity and survival rates of H. nobilis and H. molitrix were observed post CpG ODN immunization or following challenge. The results indicated that hn/hm_RBP4 (RBP4 genes obtained from H. nobilis and H. molitrix) had the highest homology with Megalobrama amblycephala. Distribution data showed that the expression level of hn_RBP4 mRNA was higher than that of hm_RBP4. After CpG ODN immunization followed by A.hydrophila challenge, significantly higher survival was observed in both carps, together with up-regulated RBP4 expression. Meanwhile, hn/hm_IL-1β level was relatively flat (and decreased), hn/hm_IFN-γ, hn/hm_TLR4 and hn/hm_TLR9 levels increased significantly, but hn/hm_STRA6 showed no significant change, compared with control. Moreover, CpG ODN immunization could induce stronger immune protective responses (higher IFN-γ/gentle IL-1β level and lower morbidity/higher survival rate) against A. hydrophila in H. nobilis, along with higher RBP4 level, when compared with that in H. molitrix. These results demonstrated that RBP4 was well involved in the immune protection of CpG ODN. Based on the results, we speculated that in the case of A. hydrophila infection, TLR9 signaling pathway was activated by CpG ODN. Subsequently, CpG ODN up-regulated RBP4, and RBP4 activated TLR4 signaling pathway. Then TLR4 and TLR9 synergistically improved the anti-infection responses. Our findings have good significance for improving resistance to pathogen infection in freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoqing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Qin Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Haiming Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Jinbo Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Feiping Ming
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Miaopeng Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Peijing Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Qianyi Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Junhao Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Linghua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.
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Zhang R, Jiang Y, Zhou L, Chen Y, Wen C, Liu W, Zhou Y. Effects of dietary yeast extract supplementation on growth, body composition, non-specific immunity, and antioxidant status of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:1019-1025. [PMID: 30590164 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with yeast extract on growth, body composition, non-specific immunity, and antioxidant status of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). A total of 432 crabs (initial average weight, 4.62 ± 0.11 g) were randomly distributed into four treatment groups with six replicates of 18 crabs. The crabs were fed a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg yeast extract for 8 weeks. The results showed that dietary yeast extract inclusion enhanced the edible viscera index (linear, P < 0.001), edible viscera crude protein (CP) content (linear, P = 0.025) and serum phenoloxidase (ProPO) activity (quadratic, P = 0.023) at 56 day, increased the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity at 28 day (quadratic, P = 0.037) and catelase (CAT) activity at 56 day (quadratic, P = 0.034) of edible viscera, and muscular T-SOD activity (quadratic, P = 0.020) at 56 day in Chinese mitten crab. Compared with the control group, the inclusion of 5 g/kg yeast extract in the diet increased the edible viscera index, enhanced the CAT activity of edible viscera at 56 day in Chinese mitten crab (P < 0.05). Dietary 10 g/kg yeast extract inclusion enhanced the edible viscera index at 56 day in Chinese mitten crab than that of the control group (P < 0.05). These results implied that dietary yeast extract inclusion improved the edible viscera index and crude protein content of edible viscera, enhanced serum immunity, and increased the antioxidant status of edible viscera and muscle in Chinese mitten crab, especially when it is supplemented at 5 g/kg yeast extract in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Jiangsu Jinkangda Group, Xuyi, Jiangsu, 211700, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Chao Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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Jia Z, Wang M, Zhang H, Wang X, Lv Z, Wang L, Song L. Identification of a clip domain serine proteinase involved in immune defense in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:332-340. [PMID: 29305333 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Clip-domain serine proteinase is an important serine proteinase family involved in many biological processes, which is only found in invertebrates. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of a clip domain serine proteinase (designed as EsCDSP) gene was cloned from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. It was of 1488 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1134 bp encoding a polypeptide of 377 amino acids. There were a signal peptide, a clip domain, and a Tryp_SPc domain in the deduced amino acid sequence of EsCDSP. Highly conserved cysteine residues were identified in the clip domain and Tryp_SPc domain. EsCDSP shared similarities of 40%-61% with CDSPs from Penaeus monodon (ACP19562.1), Scylla paramamosain (CCW43200.1), Drosophila melanogaster (NP_649734.2) and Delia antiqua (AAW57295.1). It was clustered with other CDSPs from crabs in the phylogenetic tree. EsCDSP transcript was highly expressed in hemocytes and it could response to the stimulations of Vibro anguillarum and Pichia pastoris. rEsCDSP could activate proPO system and significantly increase the PO activity of HLS. In addition, rEsCDSP could bond to Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibro anguillarum and Vibro alginolyticus, and reduced the mortality rate causing by pathogen infection. All the results suggested that EsCDSP was an important immune response participator involved in activation of the proPO system of crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiudan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Guo Z, Qiao X, Cheng R, Shi N, Wang A, Feng T, Chen Y, Zhang F, Yu H, Wang Y. As-CATH4 and 5, two vertebrate-derived natural host defense peptides, enhance the immuno-resistance efficiency against bacterial infections in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 71:202-209. [PMID: 29017942 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs), a class of conserved components of animal innate immune system, possess direct antimicrobial activities against invading pathogens and broadly participate in boosting and modulating host immune responses. Cathelicidins is an important family of HDPs that has been identified exclusively in vertebrates. Considering the relatively conserved innate immune system between invertebrates and vertebrates, it is speculated that HDPs from vertebrates may also possess modulating functions on invertebrate innate immune system. In the present study, two novel cathelicidins (As-CATH4 and 5), which had been identified from the Chinese alligator in our previous study, were employed to investigate their functions as novel peptide immunostimulants in Chinese mitten crab. As-CATH4 and 5 exhibited potent, broad-spectrum, and rapid antimicrobial activities against all the tested aquatic pathogenic bacteria. Unlike traditional antibiotics, they target on bacterial cell membrane, induce membrane permeabilization and cell disruption, and ultimately result in cell death. The antimicrobial effect is far more rapid than traditional antibiotics. Therefore they are unlikely to induce bacteria resistance. After the crabs were administered with As-CATH4 and 5, the activities of lysozyme, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly enhanced, which indicated that the immune system of crabs could be activated by As-CATH4 and 5. In bacteria challenge test, As-CATH4 and 5 could significantly decrease the bacterial numbers in crabs, and increase the survival rates of crabs in both pre-stimulation and co-stimulation groups. All of the results above indicated the great potential of As-CATH4 and 5 as novel peptide immunostimulants in the crab aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilai Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Biology Department, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Ruomei Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Nannan Shi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Aili Wang
- Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong, 262700, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Haining Yu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China.
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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Jia Z, Wang M, Wang X, Wang L, Song L. The receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) functions in hematopoiesis through JNK activation in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:252-261. [PMID: 27542616 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is a WD-domain repeating protein which involves in the mediation of various biological processes, including innate immune response. In the present study, a RACK1 (designed as EsRACK1) gene from Chinese mitten crab E. sinensis was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. The full-length cDNA sequence of EsRACK1 was of 1117 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 957 bp encoding a polypeptide of 318 amino acids containing seven WD repeats. EsRACK1 shared 62%-99% similarities with previously identified RACK1s in amino acid sequence, and it was clustered with the RACK1 from Pacifastacus leniusculus in the phylogenetic tree. The mRNA transcripts of EsRACK1 were constitutively expressed in various tissues with the highest expression level in hepatopancreas. The expression of EsRACK1 mRNA in hemocytes were significantly up-regulated post the stimulations with Vibrio anguillarum and Pichia pastoris. After exposure to CdCl2 and pentachlorophenol, the transcripts of EsRACK1 in hemocytes were up-regulated at the late phase from 12 h. When EsRACK1 was knocked down by dsRNA based RNAi, the total hemocyte counts, new-born hemocytes and phosphorylation of JNK were all significantly decreased. In addition, EsRACK1 transcription and phosphorylation of JNK were both decreased in hematopoietic tissue post Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. All the results suggested that EsRACK1 was involved in the innate immune response of the crab and participated in the production of new-born hemocytes through activation of JNK.
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MESH Headings
- Aeromonas hydrophila/physiology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Arthropod Proteins/chemistry
- Arthropod Proteins/genetics
- Arthropod Proteins/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Brachyura/drug effects
- Brachyura/genetics
- Brachyura/immunology
- Brachyura/microbiology
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Hematopoiesis/drug effects
- Herbicides/toxicity
- Immunity, Innate
- Metals, Heavy/toxicity
- Phylogeny
- Pichia/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors for Activated C Kinase
- Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Tissue Distribution
- Up-Regulation
- Vibrio/physiology
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiudan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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12
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Cárdenas-Reyna T, Angulo C, Hori-Oshima S, Velázquez-Lizárraga E, Reyes-Becerril M. B-cell activating CpG ODN 1668 enhance the immune response of Pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru) exposed to Vibrio parahaemolitycus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 62:72-81. [PMID: 27143535 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
B-class CpG ODN 1668 is known to possess clear immunostimulatory properties. In this study, we investigated the potential ability of CpG ODN 1668 to enhance the immune response of Pacific red snapper exposed to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Four different treatments were evaluated in Pacific red snapper: (1) stimulatory CpG ODN 1668, (2) stimulatory CpG ODN 1668 and V. parahaemolyticus, (3) exposure only to V. parahaemolyticus and (4) PBS. Samples were taken at 24, 72, 168 and 240 h of stimulation/infection. The results show that intraperitoneal injection of CpG-ODN 1668 enhanced the anti-protease, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in serum. CpG ODN 1668 upregulated TLR9 and IgM gene expression in head-kidney, intestine and skin, with higher expression in head-kidney. A higher correlation was observed between TLR9 and IgM in head-kidney and intestine. Finally, no histopathological damages were observed in fish stimulated with CpG ODN 1668. In contrast, melanomacrophages-like structures were present in higher numbers in infected fish. Taken together, these results indicate that CpG ODN 1668 activates innate immune response and upregulate the TLR9 and IgM-mediated immune response. These results may be exploited for the control of Vibriosis in farmed Pacific red snapper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Cárdenas-Reyna
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera San Felipe Km. 3.5, Fraccionamiento Laguna Campestre, Mexicali, Baja California 21386, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico
| | - Sawako Hori-Oshima
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera San Felipe Km. 3.5, Fraccionamiento Laguna Campestre, Mexicali, Baja California 21386, Mexico
| | - Esteban Velázquez-Lizárraga
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico
| | - Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico.
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Jia Z, Kavungal S, Jiang S, Zhao D, Sun M, Wang L, Song L. The characterization of hematopoietic tissue in adult Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 60:12-22. [PMID: 26868307 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrates rely on the efficient innate immune mechanisms against invaders, in which the continuous production of hemocytes (hematopoiesis) is indispensable. In the present study, the hematopoietic tissue (HPT) from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis was identified and characterized. It was a thin and non-transparent sheet located at the dorsolateral side of the stomach, which was composed of a series of ovoid lobules. Each lobule was surrounded by connective tissue containing a large amount of spherical cells with big nucleus. In HPT, the cells were full of mitochondria and granules, and DNA replication was detected in some cells by EdU labeling technique. Cell proliferation was observed in HPT by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The distribution of two transcription factors, GATA1 and RUNX1, were examined by human GATA1 and RUNX1 antibodies, respectively. Three homologues of RUNX1 were detected in the HPT while no signal of RUNX1 was observed in hemocytes, and GATA1 was detected in both HPT and some hemocytes. The mRNA transcript of a novel hematopoiesis related cytokine EsAst was detected in hepatopancreas and hemocytes, but it was no detectable in HPT. The mRNA expression level of EsAst in hepatopancreas was 1.38-fold higher than that in hemocytes. Total hemocytes counts were related to the mRNA expression level of EsAst post Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. The results suggested that the stem cells in the hematopoietic tissue of Chinese mitten crab E. sinensis were regulated by transcriptional and humoral factors to generate hemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sharath Kavungal
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Depeng Zhao
- Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Mingzhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Sun M, Wang L, Jiang S, Liu R, Zhao D, Chen H, Song X, Song L. CpG ODNs induced autophagy via reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 52:1-9. [PMID: 25912358 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular homeostatic process involved in numerous responses in both vertebrate and invertebrate. In the present study, autophagy in hemocytes of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis was observed by Western-blot and immunofluorescence assay, and its induction by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) was investigated. The increase of LC3-conversion (LC3-II/LC3-I) and LC3-puncta formation were observed in hemocytes of crabs after rapamycin injection. And the ratio of LC3-conversion and the percentage of LC3-puncta formation were also significantly increased after CpG ODNs stimulation, and the highest values were 1.89-fold and 3.77-fold compared to that in pUC57 group at 24 h post-injection. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of autophagy-related genes, EsGabarap and EsAtg7, both dramatically increased after CpG ODNs injection, and reached the peak at 6 h post-injection, which were 2.66- and 2.82-fold (P <0.01) for EsGabarap, and 6.16-fold and 6.10-fold (P <0.01) for EsAtg7 compared to saline and pUC57 groups, respectively. The generation of ROS in hemocytes was induced and reached peak at 6 h post-injection in CpG-pUC57 group, which was 1.30-fold (P <0.01) and 1.66-fold (P <0.01) of that in saline and pUC57 group, respectively. The increased ROS generation and autophagy triggered by CpG ODNs were abolished after the treatment of the ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). It was suggested that CpG ODNs could induce autophagy and up-regulate the expression levels of autophagy-related genes in crabs via the activation of ROS generation in the hemocytes. The results provided useful information to understand autophagy in crab, and they were also helpful for the application of CpG ODNs as the novel immune stimulants in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Depeng Zhao
- Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Cao J, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Qu F, Guo L, Zhong M, Li S, Zou H, Chen J, Wang X. Identification and characterization of the related immune-enhancing proteins in crab Scylla paramamosain stimulated with rhubarb polysaccharides. Mol Immunol 2013; 57:263-73. [PMID: 24211534 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, considerable interest has been focused on immunostimulants to reduce diseases in crab aquaculture. However, information regarding to the related immune-enhancing proteins in crabs is not available yet. In this study, rhubarb polysaccharides were tested for enhancement of the immune activity in crab Scylla paramamosain. Compared with those in the control group, values of, phenoloxidase (PO), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and alkaline phosphatasein (ACP) activity in the, experimental group were improved significantly 4 d after the treatment. Furthermore, 15 and 17 altered proteins from haemocytes and hepatopancreas, respectively, were found in rhubarb polysaccharide-treated crabs using 2-DE approach. Of these, hemocyanin, chymotrypsin, cryptocyanin, C-type lectin receptor, and ferritin protein were identified by mass spectrometry. In addition, RT-PCR, analysis showed that the mRNA levels of hemocyanin and chymotrypsin increased about 2.4- and 1.4-fold in the experiment group. Moreover, the hemocyanin gene in S. paramamosain (SpHMC) was, cloned and characterized. SpHMC contains one open reading frame of 2022 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 673 amino acids. It is clustered into one branch along with crab hemocyanin in a phylogenetic tree. The mRNA transcripts of SpHMC were detected mainly in the tissues of, hepatopancreas, hemocyte and intestines, and its levels were up-regulated significantly in hemocytes, of S. paramamosain treated with Vibrio parahemolyticus, Beta streptococcus or poly I:C for 6-48 h. Taken together, these studies found 5 related immune-enhancing proteins and a novel heomcyanin homologue with potential pathogen-resistant activities in crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Cao
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
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