1
|
Ning J, Liang P, Wu X, Wang W, Wu Q, Wang S, Yang X, Zhang Y, Xie W. Silencing of catalase reduces unfavorable low-temperature tolerance capacity in whiteflies. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3116-3125. [PMID: 38334193 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temperature is a primary factor that determines the eco-geographical distribution and population development of invasive insects. Temperature stress leads to various negative effects, including excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), and catalase (CAT) is a key enzyme against ROS in the antioxidant pathway. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED is a typical invasive pest that causes damage worldwide. Our previous studies have shown that CAT promotes whitefly adaptation to high temperature by eliminating ROS. However, the mechanism underlying the low-temperature adaptation of whiteflies is still unknown. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the role of CAT in the low-temperature tolerance of B. tabaci MED by analyzing its survival rate, reproduction, and ROS levels at 25 °C (as a control, suitable temperature), 20 °C (moderately decreased temperature), and 4 °C (severely decreased temperature). Silencing of BtCAT1, BtCAT2, or BtCAT3 reduced the viability of whiteflies under a short-term severely decreased temperature (4 °C), which manifested as decreases in survival and fecundity accompanied by significant increases in ROS levels. Moreover, even at a moderately decreased temperature (20 °C), silencing of BtCAT1 led to high ROS levels and low survival rates in adults. CONCLUSION Silencing of BtCATs significantly increased the sensitivity of B. tabaci MED to low temperatures. BtCAT1 is likely more essential than other BtCATs for low-temperature tolerance in whiteflies. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Research Institute of Breeding in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang P, Ning J, Wang W, Zhu P, Gui L, Xie W, Zhang Y. Catalase promotes whitefly adaptation to high temperature by eliminating reactive oxygen species. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:1293-1308. [PMID: 36478361 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Thermal stress usually leads to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in all aerobic organisms. Catalases (CAT) are the key antioxidant enzymes, which act as the first line of defense against ROS in the antioxidant pathway. The highly invasive and widely distributed whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED damages plants by feeding as well as by transmitting many plant viruses. Previous studies have shown that strong adaptability to high temperature helps explain the spread of MED around the world. However, the mechanism underlying high temperature adaptation of this pest is not well understood. In this study, 6 CAT genes were identified from the MED genome and transcriptome dataset, among which BtCAT1, BtCAT2, and BtCAT3 were found to be highly expressed in adults. The expression of BtCAT1, BtCAT2, or BtCAT3 increased with induction temperature and induction time. The MED was exposed with mean high temperature (30 °C or 35 °C) and a short-term extremely high temperature (39 °C or 41 °C) after the silencing of BtCAT1, BtCAT2, or BtCAT3 to significantly increased ROS levels by at least 0.5 times and significantly decreased survival rate and fecundity of MED adults. The ROS level in the treated specimens gradually returned to a normal level after 24 h at 25 °C, but the survival rate still declined significantly. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CAT could help B. tabaci adapt to long-term mean high temperatures and short-term extremely high temperatures by eliminating excessive ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liang
- Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, Hubei Engineering Technology Center, Institute of Insect, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlu Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Zhu
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lianyou Gui
- Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, Hubei Engineering Technology Center, Institute of Insect, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, Hubei Engineering Technology Center, Institute of Insect, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Effects of Five Prebiotics on Growth, Antioxidant Capacity, Non-Specific Immunity, Stress Resistance, and Disease Resistance of Juvenile Hybrid Grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040754. [PMID: 36830542 PMCID: PMC9952795 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the short-term health benefits of five prebiotics on hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂), six experimental groups fed with different diets (basal diet, diet control (CON); basal diet + 0.2% fructooligosaccharide (FOS), diet FOS; basal diet + 0.5% chitosan, diet chitosan (CTS); basal diet + 0.2% mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS), diet MOS; basal diet + 0.1% β-glucan (GLU), Diet GLU; basal diet + 0.05% xylooligosaccharide (XOS), diet XOS) were set up, and a 4-week feeding trial was conducted. MOS and XOS significantly improved the growth of hybrid grouper compared to the CON group (p < 0.05). Antioxidant enzyme assay showed that the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was significantly enhanced in the MOS group, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the XOS group was significantly lower than in the CON group (p < 0.05). The catalase (CAT) activities were significantly enhanced in all prebiotic-supplemented groups compared with the CON group (p < 0.05). Non-specific immunity assay showed that the activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and lysozyme (LZM) were significantly increased in all prebiotic-supplemented groups compared with the CON group (p < 0.05). The total protein content in the XOS group was significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the albumin (ALB) activity in the MOS group was more significantly increased than that in the CON group. Histological examination of the intestine revealed that muscle thickness was significantly increased in all prebiotic-supplemented groups compared to the CON group (p < 0.05). Villi length, villi width, muscle thickness all increased significantly in the MOS group (p < 0.05). In addition, the crowding stress and ammonia nitrogen stress experiments revealed that the survival rates of the MOS and XOS groups after stresses were significantly higher than those of the CON group (p < 0.05). Though MOS and XOS exhibited similar anti-stress effects, the antioxidant and non-specific immunity parameters they regulated were not the same, indicating that the specific mechanisms of MOS and XOS's anti-stress effects were probably different. After being challenged with Vibrio harvey, MOS and GLU groups showed significantly higher post-challenge survival rates than the CON group (p < 0.05). These findings indicated that among the five prebiotics, MOS and XOS showed the best overall short-term beneficial effects and could be considered promising short-term feed additives to improve the stress resistance of juvenile hybrid grouper.
Collapse
|
4
|
Fructooligosaccharide Supplementation Boosts Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, and Cecal Microbiota Differently in Two Rabbit Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121528. [PMID: 35739865 PMCID: PMC9219445 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Rapidly rising incomes are dependent on animal protein production and the worldwide demand for livestock. It is expected that moving towards more intensive production systems to sustain this increased demand will depend on growth promoters. Some growth promoters, such as prebiotics, might be considered alternative non-antibiotic feed supplementation as they enhance performance without any side effects on the consumer’s health. The present study inspected the influence of supplementation of β-fructan® (a commercial fructooligosaccharide; FOS) in the drinking water of growing rabbits on growth performance, carcass traits, hematological and biochemical indices, antioxidant status, and cecal microbiota of the NZW- and APRI-line rabbits (Animal Production Research Institute Line). FOS supplementation in rabbits enhanced growth carcass characteristics, significantly improving hematological parameters and antioxidant status, and minimized pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria (from 3.45 in control groups to 2.89 and 2.24 (Log10 CFU g−1) in 0.5 mL and 1 mL FOS-treated rabbits, respectively. Abstract The present study examined the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation in drinking water on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, hematological and biochemical parameters, antioxidant status, and cecal microbiota of New Zealand White (NZW) and APRI rabbits. A total of 180 male NZW and APRI rabbits (aged five weeks; average live body weight 700 ± 39 g) were divided into six groups (30 rabbits/group; 5 replicates/group) in a two × three factorial arrangement. Rabbits of each breed were randomly assigned to one of three treatments of FOS (control; 0.00, FOS-0.5, and FOS-1.0). Results showed that rabbits’ final body weight, FBWG, and carcass traits were considerably enhanced compared to those in the control group. The interaction effect of the supplement with the rabbit breed increased the growth, carcass traits, and hematobiochemical and antioxidant parameters with increasing FOS levels. In the cecum of both rabbit breeds, the total bacterial count and Escherichiacoli population were considerably low, with a substantial increase in the number of Lactobacilli supplemented by FOS. In conclusion, FOS supplementation enhanced growth and carcass traits by improving the hematobiochemical parameters and antioxidant status and reducing cecal pathogenic bacteria in both breeds.
Collapse
|
5
|
El-Sherbeny EME, Khoris EA, Kassem S. Assessment the efficacy of some various treatment methods, in vitro and in vivo, against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in fish with regard to side effects and residues. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 253:109246. [PMID: 34801729 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic bacteria with an overwhelming impact on fish farming industry especially with upraising of drug resistant mutants. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the therapeutic and side effects of levofloxacin (LEV), chitosan-nanoparticles (CNPs), and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) in control of this infection in tilapia. A total of 160 Nile-tilapia divided into 8-groups; G1: negative-control, G2: infected-control, G3: non-infected-(levofloxacin (LEV) 10 mg/kg bwt), G4: non-infected-(chitosan-nanoparticles (CNPs) 1 g/kg ration), G5: non-infected-(fructooligosaccharides (FOS) 20 g/kg ration), G6: infected-LEV, G7: infected-CNPs and G8: infected-FOS for 7 days. MICs were (0.125 μg/ml and 1.25 mg/ml) for LEV and CNPs respectively. No mortalities or significant adverse effects were recorded in non-infected treated-groups while infected were (20%) LEV, (30%) CNPs, (40%) FOS and (70%) G2. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased by LEV and CNPs than FOS while all increased total protein (TP) and albumin than G2. Malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly decreased and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) increased in all infected-treated groups than G2 in various degrees. Urea and creatinine descending order were FOS, LEV then CNPs decreased significantly than G2. LEV musculature residues, using HPLC, decreased gradually till the 5th day; 621.00 ± 0.66, 270.00 ± 0.48 then 64.00 ± 0.40, and 471.00 ± 0.79, 175.00 ± 0.52 ppb then not detected at 1st, 3rd, and 5th days of withdrawal in non-infected and infected groups respectively. Finally, LEV and CNPs were superior as bactericidal, decreasing mortalities and enzyme activities while CNPs and FOS increased performance, non-specific immunity, and antioxidant biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman M El El-Sherbeny
- Pharmacology unit, Tanta lab, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Enas A Khoris
- Fish disease unit, Tanta lab, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samr Kassem
- Nanomaterials Research and Synthesis Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Functional Feeds to Tackle Meagre ( Argyrosomus regius) Stress: Physiological Responses under Acute Stressful Handling Conditions. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110598. [PMID: 34822469 PMCID: PMC8617847 DOI: 10.3390/md19110598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine algae are recognised sources of bioactive compounds that have attracted great interest as nutritional supplements for aquaculture fish. Intensive rearing conditions often expose fish to husbandry-related stressors, rendering fish more susceptible to disease and reducing production yields. The present work evaluated the potential of two marine algae extracts (Fucus vesiculosus and Nannochloropsis gaditana) as nutritional supplements to mitigate stress effects in meagre (Argyrosomus regius) exposed to an acute handling stress (AS). A plant-based diet was used as a control, and three other diets were prepared, which were similar to the control diet but supplemented with 1% of each algal extract or a combination of the two extracts (0.5% each). The effects of supplemented diets on stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzyme activities, and immune response were analysed in fish exposed to AS after 4 weeks of feeding. Supplemented diets did not affect growth performance but the inclusion of F. vesiculosus promoted higher feed efficiency, as compared to the control group. Dietary algal extracts supplementation reduced plasma glucose levels, increased white blood cell counts, and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes when compared with the control. N. gaditana supplementation led to a reduction in hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity and glutathione levels, while F. vesiculosus supplementation increased muscle glutathione reductase activity and reduced lipid peroxidation. These findings support the potential of algal extracts as nutraceuticals in aquafeeds to enhance the ability of fish to cope with husbandry-related stressful conditions and ultimately improve fish health and welfare.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang C, Wang J, Qi Q, Yang L, Sun P, Yuan X. Modulatory effect of fructooligosaccharide against triphenyltin-induced oxidative stress and immune suppression in goldfish (Carassius auratus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 212:111966. [PMID: 33513483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyltin (TPT) is a widely used pesticide that is highly toxic to a variety of organisms, including humans, and is a potential contributor to environmental pollution. The present study was conducted to evaluate the oxidative stress and immunotoxicity induced by TPT in goldfish (Carassius auratus) and the protective effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS). Goldfish (mean weight of 13.3 ± 0.2 g) were randomly divided into six groups with three replicates: (G1) the control group, (G2) the 10 ng/L TPT group, (G3) the 0.4% FOS group, (G4) the 10 ng/L TPT + 0.4% FOS group, (G5) the 0.8% FOS group, and (G6) the 10 ng/L TPT + 0.8% FOS group. The results showed that 10 ng/L TPT induced oxidative stress and significantly decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in the liver and the gene expression of SOD, GPx, metallothionein (MT), and peroxiredoxin-4 (Prdx-4). The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the gene expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the liver were significantly increased in the TPT-treated group. Exposure to 10 ng/L TPT in water induced immune suppression and significantly decreased the activities of immune enzymes, such as lysozyme, myeloperoxidase (MPO), alternative complement (ACH50), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP), in the serum. TPT could stimulate the fish to generate large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines, including increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and nitric oxide (NO) levels and TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and NF-κB mRNA expression. However, TPT-induced toxicity was significantly ameliorated in the groups treated with FOS, and FOS partly prevented alterations in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of antioxidant- and ROS scavenger-related genes. In addition, TPT-induced immune toxicity was significantly ameliorated in the groups treated with FOS. FOS markedly suppressed TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and NO production and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA expression in the TPT-treated groups. The study indicated that TPT-induced oxidative stress may play a critical role in inhibiting immunity. However, FOS administration attenuates TPT-induced oxidative stress and immune suppression in goldfish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunnuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junhui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bal A, Panda F, Pati SG, Das K, Agrawal PK, Paital B. Modulation of physiological oxidative stress and antioxidant status by abiotic factors especially salinity in aquatic organisms. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 241:108971. [PMID: 33421636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to a variety of environmental factors such as temperature, pH, oxygen and salinity may influence the oxidative status in aquatic organisms. The present review article focuses on the modulation of oxidative stress with reference to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aquatic animals from different phyla. The focus of the review article is to explore the plausible mechanisms of physiological changes occurring in aquatic animals due to altered salinity in terms of oxidative stress. Apart from the seasonal variations in salinity, global warming and anthropogenic activities have also been found to influence oxidative health status of aquatic organisms. These effects are discussed with an objective to develop precautionary measures to protect the diversity of aquatic species with sustainable conservation. Comparative analyses among different aquatic species suggest that salinity alone or in combination with other abiotic factors are intricately associated with modulation in oxidative stress in a species-specific manner in aquatic animals. Osmoregulation under salinity stress in relation to energy demand and supply are also discussed. The literature survey of >50 years (1960-2020) indicates that oxidative stress status and comparative analysis of redox modulation have evolved from the analysis of various biotic and/or abiotic factors to the study of cellular signalling pathways in these aquatic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhipsa Bal
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India
| | - Falguni Panda
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India
| | - Samar Gourav Pati
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India
| | - Kajari Das
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Agrawal
- Main Building, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India
| | - Biswaranjan Paital
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abd El-latif AM, El-Gawad EAA, Soror EI, Shourbela RM, Zahran E. Dietary supplementation with miswak (Salvadora persica) improves the health status of Nile tilapia and protects against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. AQUACULTURE REPORTS 2021; 19:100594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
10
|
Yang S, Zhao T, Ma A, Huang Z, Liu Z, Cui W, Zhang J, Zhu C, Guo X, Yuan C. Metabolic responses in Scophthalmus maximus kidney subjected to thermal stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:37-46. [PMID: 32278112 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) is an economically important marine fish cultured in China. In this study, fish in the experimental group were exposed to four temperatures: 15, 20, 25 and 28 °C. Metabolomics analysis and quantitative real-time PCR were used to assess changes in metabolic profiling and gene expression associated with thermal stress. The results showed the levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), blood creatinine and cortisol in S. maximus were all significantly upregulated (P < 0.05), indicating a stress response at 25 °C or higher. Challenge with thermal stress significantly increased expression levels of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (cPEPCK), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P < 0.05). However, there was no effect on the expression levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (mPEPCK). Moreover, high temperature decreased levels of glycogenic amino acids, including histidine, threonine, glutamine, phenylalanine, arginine, serine, tyrosine, methionine and isoleucine. These findings suggest a significant correlation between gene expression and regulation of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism in heat-stressed S. maximus kidney. In addition, the maintenance of aerobic metabolism and activation of gluconeogenesis appeared to be a critical metabolic strategy in combating heat stress in turbot kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Yang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Aijun Ma
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Zhihui Huang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wenxiao Cui
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jinsheng Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Chunyue Zhu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Chenhao Yuan
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zanuzzo FS, Beemelmanns A, Hall JR, Rise ML, Gamperl AK. The Innate Immune Response of Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar) Is Not Negatively Affected by High Temperature and Moderate Hypoxia. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1009. [PMID: 32536921 PMCID: PMC7268921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to increase water temperatures and decrease oxygen levels in freshwater and marine environments, however, there is conflicting information regarding the extent to which these conditions may impact the immune defenses of fish. In this study, Atlantic salmon were exposed to: (1) normoxia (100–110% air saturation) at 12°C; (2) an incremental temperature increase (1°C per week from 12 to 20°C), and then held at 20°C for an additional 4 weeks; and (3) “2” with the addition of moderate hypoxia (~65–75% air saturation). These conditions realistically reflect what farmed salmon in some locations are currently facing, and future conditions in Atlantic Canada and Europe, during the summer months. The salmon were sampled for the measurement of head kidney constitutive anti-bacterial and anti-viral transcript expression levels, and blood parameters of humoral immune function. Thereafter, they were injected with either the multi-valent vaccine Forte V II (contains both bacterial and viral antigens) or PBS (phosphate-buffer-saline), and the head kidney and blood of these fish were sampled at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h post-injection (HPI). Our results showed that: (1) neither high temperature, nor high temperature + moderate hypoxia, adversely affected respiratory burst, complement activity or lysozyme concentration; (2) the constitutive transcript expression levels of the anti-bacterial genes il1β, il8-a, cox2, hamp-a, stlr5-a, and irf7-b were up-regulated by high temperature; (3) while high temperature hastened the peak in transcript expression levels of most anti-bacterial genes by 6–12 h following V II injection, it did not affect the magnitude of changes in transcript expression; (4) anti-viral (viperin-b, mx-b, and isg15-a) transcript expression levels were either unaffected, or downregulated, by acclimation temperature or V II injection over the 48 HPI; and (5) hypoxia, in addition to high temperature, did not impact immune transcript expression. In conclusion, temperatures up to 20°C, and moderate hypoxia, do not impair the capacity of the Atlantic salmon's innate immune system to respond to bacterial antigens. These findings are surprising, and highlight the salmon's capacity to mount robust innate immune responses (i.e., similar to control fish under optimal conditions) under conditions approaching their upper thermal limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio S Zanuzzo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Anne Beemelmanns
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Hall
- Aquatic Research Cluster, CREAIT Network, Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Anthony K Gamperl
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jia E, Zheng X, Cheng H, Liu J, Li X, Jiang G, Liu W, Zhang D. Dietary fructooligosaccharide can mitigate the negative effects of immunity on Chinese mitten crab fed a high level of plant protein diet. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:100-107. [PMID: 30267755 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was carried out under controlled condition to evaluate the effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, whole body composition, antioxidant status and immunity of crabs fed high levels of plant protein diets. Thus, six experimental diets were formulated (designated as F0P50, F0P60, F0P70, F0.2P50, F0.2P60 and F0.2P70), which contain two FOS levels (0 or 0.2%) and three plant protein levels (50, 60, or 70%) according to a 2 × 3 factorial design. The results showed that weight gain increased significantly as dietary plant protein level decreased from 70% to 50%. At 50% plant protein level, the addition of 0.2% FOS can significantly elevate weight gain (WG) (P < 0.05). The highest value in survival rate was observed in crabs fed F0.2P50 and F0.2P60 diet. Crabs fed F0.2P50 diet showed significantly higher crude protein content (P < 0.05) compared with those in other groups, but there were no significant differences in the contents of moisture, crude lipid and ash among all groups (P > 0.05). Catalase (CAT) activity in crabs fed F0.2P50 increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with crabs fed F0P60, F0P70, F0.2P60 and F0.2P70, but malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, nitric oxide (NO) concentration, acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities of crabs fed 0.2% FOS diets increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with crabs fed 0% FOS diets. The expressions of prophenoloxidase (propo) was significantly (P < 0.05) affected only by dietary plant protein levels with the highest values observed in 50% plant protein diet, whereas the opposite was true for Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88). The mRNA expressions of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (mtmnsod), lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (litaf) and toll like receptors (tlrs) were significantly affected (P < 0.05) by both FOS and plant protein levels. The cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase (cytmnsod) mRNA expressions in F0.2P50 and F0.2P60 groups were significantly higher than those in F0P70 and F0.2P70 groups. The results in this study indicated that supplementation with 0.2% FOS can enhance growth performance in crabs fed lower plant protein diets and as well improve immunity in those fed with higher plant protein diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erteng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaochuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huihui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiangfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guangzhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dingdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kumar P, Jain KK, Sardar P. Effects of dietary synbiotic on innate immunity, antioxidant activity and disease resistance of Cirrhinus mrigala juveniles. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:124-132. [PMID: 29857133 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The dietary supplementation of synbiotic in Cirrhinus mrigala juvenile (with initial body weight ranging from 2.87 ± 0.01 g to 3.26 ± 0.05 g) was evaluated in terms of changes in innate immunity, antioxidant activity and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophilla infection. One hundred eighty acclimatized juveniles of mrigal were randomly distributed in the three replicates of each of four experimental groups i.e. control (without Probiotic and Prebiotic), T1 (High Probiotic + Low Prebiotic), T2 (Low Probiotic + High Prebiotic) and T3 (High Probiotic + High Prebiotic), using completely randomized design (CRD). At the end of the feeding trial for 60 days, fish were challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila and survival rate was recorded for the next 15 days. Bacillus subtilis used as a probiotic source and MOS used as a prebiotic source in the experiment. Results showed that innate immunity was comparatively improved in T3 group. Lysozyme activity and respiratory burst activity (NBT) were significantly (P < 0.05) affected in T3 group. Highest activities of antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.05) were reported in T3 group. Cumulative mortality % was found to be lower in the fish fed dietary synbiotic on T3 group after challenging with Aeromonas hydrophilla infection. The results of this study showed that under the experimental conditions, dietary supplementation of synbiotic had a synergestic effect on enhancing innate immunity and disease resistance of Cirrhinus mrigala (P < 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Rohtak Centre, Lahli, 124411, Haryana, India.
| | - K K Jain
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University Road, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - P Sardar
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University Road, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fuchs VI, Schmidt J, Slater MJ, Buck BH, Steinhagen D. Influence of immunostimulant polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and Bacillus strains on the innate immune and acute stress response in turbots (Scophthalmus maximus) fed soy bean- and wheat-based diets. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:1501-1515. [PMID: 28798999 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunostimulants are widely applied in aquaculture practice and may have beneficial effects on the immune system and physical functions allowing higher tolerance to stress. In the current study, the impact of four (i-iv) dietary active ingredients on the immune and stress response of turbot was examined in two experiments (I and II). A basal low fish meal (FM; 32%) diet was formulated and supplemented with (i) yeast β-glucan and mannan oligosaccharide (GM), (ii) alginic acid (AC), (iii) yeast nucleotides and RNA (NR), or (iv) Bacillus strains (BS). The basal diet (C-LF) and a high FM (59%) control (C-HF) were maintained. All six diets were fed to juvenile turbots for 84 days in experiment I and for additional 28 days prior to experiment II. Immunological and hematological parameters were determined in experiment I. In experiment II, physical stress response to a typical short-term (<1 day) aquaculture handling procedure (combination of capture, netting/transfer, and crowding) was investigated. For this, turbot blood was sampled before and at 0.5, 1, 4, and 24 h post stress. Plasma lysozyme activity, neutrophil reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and total plasma protein levels did not significantly differ between treatment groups; however, plasma cholesterol increased significantly in fish fed GM, AC, NR, and C-HF compared to C-LF (I). A significant increase in plasma glucose and triglyceride was observed in GM and NR treatments, while glucose levels were significantly higher in C-HF compared to C-LF. Moreover, the immunostimulant-supplemented diets exhibited significantly lower cortisol levels compared to controls C-LF (at 0.5 h) and C-HF (at 1 h) post stress, respectively (II). According to our findings, FM substitution did not modulate the innate immune response but was associated with reduced levels of cholesterol. Dietary immunostimulants were not effective enough to boost the immune response, but we believe they might be helpful to trigger metabolic advantages during stressful handling events on fish farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V I Fuchs
- Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
- Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - J Schmidt
- Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - M J Slater
- Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - B H Buck
- Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
- University of Applied Sciences Bremerhaven, An der Karlstadt 8, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - D Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yu H, Deng W, Zhang D, Gao Y, Yang Z, Shi X, Sun J, Zhou J, Ji H. Antioxidant defenses of Onychostoma macrolepis in response to thermal stress: Insight from mRNA expression and activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:50-61. [PMID: 28476669 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Onychostoma macrolepis has becoming an endangered fish species in China, which population gradually declined in the past few decades due to the changing environment including elevated water temperature resulted from adverse weather events. The present study determined antioxidant defenses of O. macrolepis in response to thermal stress, aiming to understand the role of antioxidant system in adaptation of thermal stress for O. macrolepis. Experimental fish which were acclimated at 24 °C were stressed at 30 °C for 0 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Change in mRNA expression of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and catalase (CAT) and activity of SOD and CAT of the experimental fish with different stress time were determined. We cloned the full-length cDNA of Cu/Zn-SOD and CAT by means of RACE method, and analyzed their molecular characterization and tissue distribution. We discovered that the mRNA expression of the Cu/Zn-SOD in heart, liver, spleen, gill, intestine and the CAT in heart, liver, spleen, kidney, intestine and muscle of O. macrolepis significantly increased when water temperature increased from 24 °C to 30 °C, indicating a sensitive response of mRNA expression of Cu/Zn-SOD and CAT to the thermal stress. Moreover, the mRNA expression of the Cu/Zn-SOD and CAT were varied in different tissues, indicating different sensitivity of the tissues in response to thermal stress. Activity of the SOD in serum of O. macrolepis gradually increased from 1 h to 12 h sampling time, but significantly decreased at 24 h sampling time, compared to that of 0 h sampling time. And activity of the CAT in serum of O. macrolepis significantly decreased from 1 h to 12 h sampling time, and did not changed significantly at 24 h and 48 h sampling time, compared to that of 0 h sampling time. As such, MDA contents in the serum of O. macrolepis significantly decreased from 1 h to 6 h sampling time, but significantly increased at 12 h and 24 h sampling time, compared to that of 0 h sampling time. In summary, antioxidant system of the O. macrolepis can quickly response to short term thermal stress at 30 °C in form of both the mRNA expression of Cu/Zn-SOD and CAT and the activity of SOD and CAT, and consequently enhance the antioxidant defenses of O. macrolepis. However, thermal stress at 30 °C for 12 h-24 h seems to lead to oxidative damage of the O. macrolepis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wei Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn 36849, USA
| | - Yao Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaochen Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jishu Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Janssens L, Stoks R. Chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative damage is reduced under warming and predation risk: Explaining antagonistic interactions with a pesticide. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 226:79-88. [PMID: 28411497 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Interactions with pollutants and environmental factors are poorly studied for physiological traits. Yet physiological traits are important for explaining and predicting interactions at higher levels of organization. We investigated the single and combined impact of the pesticide chlorpyrifos, predation risk and warming on endpoints related to oxidative stress in the damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum. We thereby integrated information on reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damage. All three treatments impacted the oxidative stress levels and for most traits the pesticide interacted antagonistically with warming or predation risk. Chlorpyrifos exposure resulted in increased ROS levels, decreased antioxidant defence and increased oxidative damage compared to the control situation. Under warming, the pesticide-induced increase in oxidative stress was less strong and the investment in antioxidant defence higher. Although both the pesticide and predation risk increased oxidative damage, the effects of the pesticide on oxidative damage were less strong in the presence of predator cues (at 20 °C). Despite the weaker pesticide-induced effects under predation risk, the combination of the pesticide and predator cues consistently caused the highest ROS levels, the lowest antioxidant defence and the highest oxidative damage, indicating the importance of cumulative stressor effects for impairing fitness. Our results provide the first evidence for antagonistic interactions of warming and predation risk with a pollutant for physiological traits. We identified two general mechanisms that may generate antagonistic interactions for oxidative stress: cross-tolerance and the maximum cumulative levels of damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizanne Janssens
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lu Y, Wu Z, Song Z, Xiao P, Liu Y, Zhang P, You F. Insight into the heat resistance of fish via blood: Effects of heat stress on metabolism, oxidative stress and antioxidant response of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and turbot Scophthalmus maximus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 58:125-135. [PMID: 27633671 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High temperature has direct confinement on fish survival and growth, especially under the background of global warming. Selection of fish line with heat resistance is an important means to address this problem. In the present study, we analyzed the difference in heat resistance between families of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and turbot Scophthalmus maximus, two flatfish species occupying slightly different thermal niches. Then the chosen families were tested to determine their differential response to heat stress (ΔT = +8 °C and +12 °C) in blood, including anaerobic metabolism (lactate), oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation) and antioxidant enzymes. Results showed a difference in heat resistance between families of the two species. Among the chosen parameters, growth traits had a significant effect on contents of lactate and malondialdehyd (MDA), and activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase in flounder (P < 0.05), and on MDA content and CAT activity in turbot (P < 0.05). In comparison with heat-sensitive family of each species, levels of all studied parameters were lower and more stable in heat-resistant families after heat stress. What's more, heat resistance of fish significantly influenced contents of lactate and MDA and activity of CAT in flounder (P < 0.05), as well as contents of lactate, MDA and carbonyl and activity of superoxide dismutate (SOD) in turbot (P < 0.05). These results demonstrated that such physiological phenotypes as anaerobic metabolism, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes are good biomarkers of fish heat-resistance, being potentially valuable in fish breeding. However, these markers should be applied with more caution when there is a growth discrepancy between fish families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunliang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Zongcheng Song
- Shenghang Aquatic Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Weihai 264200, PR China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Marine Science and Environment Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Feng You
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Guerreiro I, Couto A, Machado M, Castro C, Pousão-Ferreira P, Oliva-Teles A, Enes P. Prebiotics effect on immune and hepatic oxidative status and gut morphology of white sea bream (Diplodus sargus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 50:168-174. [PMID: 26802896 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on immune and hepatic oxidative status, and gut morphology of white sea bream juveniles. Four diets were formulated: a control diet with fish meal (FM) and plant feedstuffs (PF) (30FM:70PF) and three test diets similar to the control but supplemented with 1% of scFOS, XOS or GOS. Dietary prebiotic incorporation did not affect total blood cell counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood indices or differential white blood cell counts. Fish fed GOS had lower ACH50 and nitric oxide than fish fed control diet. XOS enhanced immune status through the increase in alternative complement pathway (ACH50), lysozyme and total immunoglobulin. The higher activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in fish fed FOS compared to the other dietary groups was the only related antioxidant enzyme affected by prebiotics in the liver. GOS ameliorated the precocious adverse effects of PF based diet on gut histomorphology, as denoted by the lower incidence of histological alterations in fish fed GOS for 15 days. In conclusion, XOS and GOS at 1% might have potential to be used as prebiotics in white sea bream juveniles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Guerreiro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Couto
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marina Machado
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Castro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- IPMA - Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Av. 5 de Outubro s/n, 8700-305 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Enes
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Guerreiro I, Serra CR, Enes P, Couto A, Salvador A, Costas B, Oliva-Teles A. Effect of short chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) on immunological status and gut microbiota of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) reared at two temperatures. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 49:122-31. [PMID: 26721230 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dietary short chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) incorporation on hematology, fish immune status, gut microbiota composition, digestive enzymes activities, and gut morphology, was evaluated in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles reared at 18 °C and 25 °C. For that purpose, fish with 32 g were fed diets including 0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5% scFOS during 8 weeks. Overall, scFOS had only minor effects on gilthead sea bream immune status. Lymphocytes decreased in fish fed the 0.1% scFOS diet. Fish fed the 0.5% scFOS diet presented increased nitric oxide (NO) production, while total immunoglobulins (Ig) dropped in those fish, but only in the ones reared at 25 °C. Red blood cells, hemoglobin, bactericidal activity and NO were higher at 25 °C, whereas total white blood cells, circulating thrombocytes, monocytes and neutrophils were higher at 18 °C. In fish fed scFOS, lymphocytes were higher at 18 °C. Total Ig were also higher at 18 °C but only in fish fed 0.1% and 0.5% scFOS diets. No differences in gut bacterial profiles were detected by PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) between dietary treatments. However, group's similarity was higher at 25 °C. Digestive enzymes activities were higher at 25 °C but were unaffected by prebiotics incorporation. Gut morphology was also unaffected by dietary prebiotic incorporation. Overall, gut microbiota composition, digestive enzymes activities and immunity parameters were affected by rearing temperature whereas dietary scFOS incorporation had only minor effects on these parameters. In conclusion, at the tested levels scFOS does not seem worthy of including it in gilthead sea bream juveniles diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Guerreiro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia R Serra
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Enes
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Couto
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Salvador
- CEB - Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Benjamín Costas
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Feng L, Li SQ, Jiang WD, Liu Y, Jiang J, Wu P, Zhao J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ. Deficiency of dietary niacin impaired intestinal mucosal immune function via regulating intestinal NF-κB, Nrf2 and MLCK signaling pathways in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 49:177-193. [PMID: 26693667 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary niacin on intestinal mucosal immune and physical barrier, and relative mRNA levels of signaling molecules in the intestine of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 young grass carp (255.63 ± 0.41 g) were fed six diets containing graded levels of niacin (3.95, 14.92, 24.98, 35.03, 44.97 and 55.01 mg/kg diet) for 8 weeks. Results observed that niacin deficiency decreased lysozyme (LA) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities, and complement 3 (C3) content in the intestine (P < 0.05), down-regulated mRNA levels of liver expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2), hepcidin, interleukin 10, transforming growth factor β1 and inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) (P < 0.05), up-regulated tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, interferon γ2, interleukin 8, nuclear factor kappa B P65 (NF-κB P65), IκB kinase α (IKKα), IκB kinase β (IKKβ) and IκB kinase γ (IKKγ) in all intestinal segments of young grass carp (P < 0.05). In addition, niacin deficiency increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) contents, decreased glutathione content, and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferases (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in the intestine of young grass carp (P < 0.05). Additionally, niacin deficiency decreased mRNA levels of CuZnSOD, MnSOD, GPx, CAT, GST, GR, Claudin b, Claudin 3, Claudin c, Occludin, ZO-1, Claudin 15 and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) (P < 0.05), and increased Claudin 12, Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1a (Keap1a), myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) mRNA expression levels in the intestine of young grass carp (P < 0.05), while the mRNA level of Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1b (Keap1b) did not change (P > 0.05). In conclusion, niacin deficiency decreased intestinal mucosal immune and intestinal physical function, as well as regulated mRNA levels of NF-κB P65, IκBα, IKKα, IKKβ, IKKγ, Nrf2, Keap1a, p38 MAPK and MLCK in the intestine of young grass carp. Based on the broken-line model analysis of intestinal lysozyme activity, the requirement of niacin for young grass carp (255.63 ± 0.41 g) were estimated to be 39.80 mg/kg diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shun-Quan Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gut morphology and hepatic oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles fed plant feedstuffs or fishmeal-based diets supplemented with short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides and xylo-oligosaccharides. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:1975-84. [PMID: 26435350 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515003773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS) and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on gut morphology and hepatic oxidative status were studied in European sea bass juveniles weighing 60 g. Fish were fed diets including fishmeal (FM diets) or plant feedstuffs (PF diets; 30 FM:70 PF) as main protein sources (control diets). Four other diets were formulated similar to the control diets but including 1 % scFOS or 1 % XOS. At the end of the trial, fish fed PF-based diets presented histomorphological alterations in the distal intestine, whereas only transient alterations were observed in the pyloric caeca. Comparatively to fish fed FM-based diets, fish fed PF diets had higher liver lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and lower glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities. In fish fed the PF diets, prebiotic supplementation decreased SOD activity and XOS supplementation further decreased CAT activity. In fish fed the FM diets, XOS supplementation promoted a reduction of all antioxidant enzyme activities. Overall, dietary XOS and scFOS supplementation had only minor effects on gut morphology or LPO levels. However, dietary XOS reduced antioxidant enzymatic activity in both PF and FM diets, which indicate a positive effect on reduction of hepatic reactive oxygen species production.
Collapse
|
22
|
Guerreiro I, Enes P, Oliva-Teles A. Effects of short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) and rearing temperature on growth performance and hepatic intermediary metabolism in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:1333-1344. [PMID: 26100557 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of dietary short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) incorporation on growth, feed utilization, body composition, plasmatic metabolites and liver activity of key enzymes of lipogenic and amino acid catabolic pathways was evaluated in gilthead sea bream reared at 18 and 25 °C. Four practical diets containing plant ingredients and fish meal (50:50) as protein sources and supplemented with 0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 % scFOS were fed to triplicate groups of fish for 8 weeks. Growth performance, feed efficiency and nitrogen retention were higher at 25 °C. In fish reared at 18 °C, there was a positive correlation between dietary scFOS concentration and growth. At 18 °C, liver glycogen was higher in fish fed the control diet, while at 25 °C it was higher in fish fed the 0.5 % scFOS diet. Plasma cholesterol LDL was lower in fish fed 0.25 % scFOS diet, and in fish reared at 18 °C plasma glucose was higher in fish fed the 0.1 % scFOS diet. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, fatty acid synthetase and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) activities were higher in fish reared at 18 °C, whereas alanine aminotransferase activity was higher in fish reared at 25 °C. scFOS affected ASAT activity, which was lower in fish fed 0.25 % scFOS diet. Although, scFOS seemed to have no major effects on gilthead sea bream metabolism, the positive correlation between dietary prebiotic incorporation and growth at 18 °C indicates a beneficial effect of scFOS in fish reared at low temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Guerreiro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal.
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paula Enes
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang CN, Li XF, Jiang GZ, Zhang DD, Tian HY, Li JY, Liu WB. Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide levels and feeding modes on growth, immune responses, antioxidant capability and disease resistance of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:560-569. [PMID: 25451000 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) levels and its feeding modes on growth, immune response, antioxidant capability and disease resistance of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Fish (12.5 ± 0.5 g) were subjected to three FOS levels (0, 0.4% and 0.8%) and two feeding modes (supplementing FOS continuously and supplementing FOS two days interval 5 days) according to a 3 × 2 factorial design. At the end of 8-week feeding trial, fish were challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila with concentration of 1 × 10(5) CFU mL(-1) and mortality was recorded for the next 96 h. Fish fed 0.4% FOS continuously (D2) and fish fed the basal diet for 5 days followed by 0.8% FOS for 2 days (D5) showed admirable growth performance. The highest plasma lysozyme, acid phosphatase and myeloperoxidase activities as well as complement component 3, total protein and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were all observed in fish fed D5. They were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of the control group and/or fish fed 0.8% FOS continuously, but exhibited no statistical difference (P > 0.05) with that of fish fed D2. A similar trend was also observed in antioxidant capability as well as the expression of Leap-I and Leap-Ⅱ. Mortality showed an opposite trend with the immune response with the lowest rate observed in fish fed D5. The results indicated that diet supplementing FOS in appropriate levels and feeding modes could improve the growth, immune response and antioxidant capability of fish, as might consequently lead to enhanced disease resistance. It can be speculated that the basal diet for 5 days followed by 0.8% FOS for 2 days was most suitable for blunt snout bream.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|