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Huang H, Lu X, Guo J, Chen Y, Yi M, Jia K. Protective efficacy and immune responses of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) immunized with an inactivated vaccine against the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus genotype IVa. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109691. [PMID: 38871138 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) poses a significant threat to the aquaculture industry, prompting the need for effective preventive measures. Here, we developed an inactivated VHSV and revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying the host's protective response against VHSV. The vaccine was created by treating VHSV with 0.05 % formalin at 16 °C for 48 h, which was determined to be the most effective inactivation method. Compared with nonvaccinated fish, vaccinated fish exhibited a remarkable increase in survival rate (99 %) and elevated levels of serum neutralizing antibodies, indicating strong immunization. To investigate the gene changes induced by vaccination, RNA sequencing was performed on spleen samples from control and vaccinated fish 14 days after vaccination. The analysis revealed 893 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with notable up-regulation of immune-related genes such as annexin A1a, coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor homolog, V-set domain-containing T-cell activation inhibitor 1-like, and heat shock protein 90 alpha class A member 1 tandem duplicate 2, indicating a vigorous innate immune response. Furthermore, KEGG enrichment analysis highlighted significant enrichment of DEGs in processes related to antigen processing and presentation, necroptosis, and viral carcinogenesis. GO enrichment analysis further revealed enrichment of DEGs related to the regulation of type I interferon (IFN) production, type I IFN production, and negative regulation of viral processes. Moreover, protein-protein interaction network analysis identified central hub genes, including IRF3 and HSP90AA1.2, suggesting their crucial roles in coordinating the immune response elicited by the vaccine. These findings not only confirm the effectiveness of our vaccine formulation but also offer valuable insights into the underlying immunological mechanisms, which can be valuable for future vaccine development and disease management in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Xiaobing Lu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Jiasen Guo
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Yihong Chen
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE)/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Meisheng Yi
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Kuntong Jia
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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Xiu Y, Guo B, Yang Z, Yi J, Guo H, Munang'andu HM, Xu C, Zhou S. Transcriptome analysis of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) kidney responses to inactivated bivalent vaccine against Aeromonas salmonicida and Edwardsiella tarda. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109174. [PMID: 37858783 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) is a commercially important marine flatfish for global aquaculture. With intensive farming, turbot production is limited by several diseases, in which Aeromonas salmonicida and Edwardsiella tarda are two main causative agents. Vaccination is an effective and safe alternative to disease prevention compared to antibiotic treatment. In the previous study, we developed an inactivated bivalent vaccine against A. salmonicida and E. tarda with relative percent survival (RPS) of 77.1 %. To understand the protection mechanism in molecular basis of the inactivated bivalent vaccine against A. salmonicida and E. tarda, we use RNA-seq to analyze the transcriptomic profile of the kidney tissue after immunization. A total of 391,721,176 clean reads were generated in nine libraries by RNA-seq, and 96.35 % of the clean reads were mapped to the reference genome of S. maximus. 1458 (866 upregulated and 592 downregulated) and 2220 (1131 upregulated and 1089 downregulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained at 2 and 4 weeks post-vaccination, respectively. The DEGs were enriched in several important immune-related GO terms, including cytokine activity, immune response, and defense response. In addition, the analysis of several immune-related genes showed upregulation and downregulation, including pattern recognition receptors, complement system, cytokines, chemokines and immune cell surface markers. Eight DEGs (ccr10, calr, casr, mybpha, cd28, thr18, cd20a.3 and c5) were randomly selected for qRT-PCR analysis, which confirmed the validity of the RNA-seq. Our results provide valuable insight into the immune mechanism of inactivated bivalent vaccine against A. salmonicida and E. tarda in Scophthalmus maximus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunji Xiu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Baoshan Guo
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zongrui Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jingyuan Yi
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | | | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, 1433, Norway.
| | - Shun Zhou
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Robinson NA, Robledo D, Sveen L, Daniels RR, Krasnov A, Coates A, Jin YH, Barrett LT, Lillehammer M, Kettunen AH, Phillips BL, Dempster T, Doeschl‐Wilson A, Samsing F, Difford G, Salisbury S, Gjerde B, Haugen J, Burgerhout E, Dagnachew BS, Kurian D, Fast MD, Rye M, Salazar M, Bron JE, Monaghan SJ, Jacq C, Birkett M, Browman HI, Skiftesvik AB, Fields DM, Selander E, Bui S, Sonesson A, Skugor S, Østbye TK, Houston RD. Applying genetic technologies to combat infectious diseases in aquaculture. REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE 2023; 15:491-535. [PMID: 38504717 PMCID: PMC10946606 DOI: 10.1111/raq.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Disease and parasitism cause major welfare, environmental and economic concerns for global aquaculture. In this review, we examine the status and potential of technologies that exploit genetic variation in host resistance to tackle this problem. We argue that there is an urgent need to improve understanding of the genetic mechanisms involved, leading to the development of tools that can be applied to boost host resistance and reduce the disease burden. We draw on two pressing global disease problems as case studies-sea lice infestations in salmonids and white spot syndrome in shrimp. We review how the latest genetic technologies can be capitalised upon to determine the mechanisms underlying inter- and intra-species variation in pathogen/parasite resistance, and how the derived knowledge could be applied to boost disease resistance using selective breeding, gene editing and/or with targeted feed treatments and vaccines. Gene editing brings novel opportunities, but also implementation and dissemination challenges, and necessitates new protocols to integrate the technology into aquaculture breeding programmes. There is also an ongoing need to minimise risks of disease agents evolving to overcome genetic improvements to host resistance, and insights from epidemiological and evolutionary models of pathogen infestation in wild and cultured host populations are explored. Ethical issues around the different approaches for achieving genetic resistance are discussed. Application of genetic technologies and approaches has potential to improve fundamental knowledge of mechanisms affecting genetic resistance and provide effective pathways for implementation that could lead to more resistant aquaculture stocks, transforming global aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Robinson
- Nofima ASTromsøNorway
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory—Temperate and Tropical (SALTT)School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Diego Robledo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Rose Ruiz Daniels
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Andrew Coates
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory—Temperate and Tropical (SALTT)School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ye Hwa Jin
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Luke T. Barrett
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory—Temperate and Tropical (SALTT)School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Institute of Marine Research, Matre Research StationMatredalNorway
| | | | | | - Ben L. Phillips
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory—Temperate and Tropical (SALTT)School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Tim Dempster
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory—Temperate and Tropical (SALTT)School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrea Doeschl‐Wilson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Francisca Samsing
- Sydney School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of SydneyCamdenAustralia
| | | | - Sarah Salisbury
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Dominic Kurian
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Mark D. Fast
- Atlantic Veterinary CollegeThe University of Prince Edward IslandCharlottetownPrince Edward IslandCanada
| | | | | | - James E. Bron
- Institute of AquacultureUniversity of StirlingStirlingScotlandUK
| | - Sean J. Monaghan
- Institute of AquacultureUniversity of StirlingStirlingScotlandUK
| | - Celeste Jacq
- Blue Analytics, Kong Christian Frederiks Plass 3BergenNorway
| | | | - Howard I. Browman
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Ecosystem Acoustics GroupTromsøNorway
| | - Anne Berit Skiftesvik
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Ecosystem Acoustics GroupTromsøNorway
| | | | - Erik Selander
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Samantha Bui
- Institute of Marine Research, Matre Research StationMatredalNorway
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Comparative Expression Profiling Reveals the Regulatory Effects of Dietary Mannan Oligosaccharides on the Intestinal Immune Response of Juvenile Megalobrama amblycephala against Aeromonas hydrophila Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032207. [PMID: 36768530 PMCID: PMC9917204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) are functional oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on the non-specific immunity of Megalobrama amblycephala, but systematic studies on the immunomodulatory mechanisms of MOS are still lacking. To investigate the protective mechanisms of three different levels of dietary MOS supplementation on the intestinal immunity of juvenile M. amblycephala, comparative digital gene expression (DGE) profiling was performed. In this study, 622 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, while the similar expression tendency of 34 genes by qRT-PCR validated the accuracy of the DGE analyses. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in two functional categories of biological process and molecular function. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly related to complement and coagulation cascades, coagulation cascades, platelet activation, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis and antigen processing and presentation. In addition, the pro-inflammatory, apoptosis and tight junction-related genes were more significantly up-regulated upon infection in the dietary MOS groups to enhance host immune functions and maintain the stability of the intestinal barrier. These results will be helpful to clarify the regulatory mechanism of MOS on the intestinal immunity of M. amblycephala and lay the theoretical foundation for the prevention and protection of fish bacterial diseases.
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Zhou S, Li Y, Yi J, Zheng X, Huang Q, Su L, Guo B, Yang Z, Xiu Y. Immune responses to Vibrio vulnificus formalin-killed vaccine and ghost vaccine in Scophthalmus maximus. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:1511-1527. [PMID: 35771999 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this research, Vibrio vulnificus formalin-killed (FKCs) vaccine and ghost (VVGs) vaccine were successfully developed, and shown to prevent vibriosis of Scophthalmus maximus resulting from V. vulnificus. The antibody titre of FKCs and VVGs vaccine was 1: 28 and 1: 211 . The RPS of FKCs and VVGs vaccine was 60% and 80%. In order to improve the understanding of vaccine protection mechanism, transcriptome data was used to analyse the immune response of S. maximus infected with V. vulnificus after vaccination with FKCs and VVGs vaccine. In the SmCon and SmIV groups, a series of innate immune-related genes were upregulated (such as, TLR5, Tp12, AP-1 and IL-1β) or downregulated (such as, CASP6 and CASP8), which suggested that the immune protection mechanism induced by inactivated vaccine was similar to that of autoimmune response. In the SmIV and SmGho group, a number of innate and adaptive immune-related genes (such as, STAT1, IFN-γ and MHC Ia) were activated, in which the expression of these genes was higher in SmGho, and VVGs vaccine induced stronger innate and acquired immune responses. In conclusion, the results lay a foundation for further study on the molecular mechanisms of immune protection induced by VVGs vaccine and FKCs vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhou
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingyuan Yi
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xujia Zheng
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Huang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Su
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Baoshan Guo
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zongrui Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yunji Xiu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Zhang X, Hao X, Ma W, Zhu T, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Liu K, Shao C, Wang HY. Transcriptome Analysis Indicates Immune Responses against Vibrio harveyi in Chinese Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091144. [PMID: 35565570 PMCID: PMC9104532 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Limited understanding of molecular mechanisms of immune response constrains marine fish farming. Analyzing the dynamic gene expression profile of fish in response to pathogen infection is gaining interest. We analyzed the expression changes of the Chinese tongue sole kidney after Vibrio harveyi infection with a series of transcriptome data. Notably, we observed rapid up-regulation of IL-17, TNF and TLR signaling pathways, indicating treatment measures should be taken in the early stage after infection. We also found a close connection between the immune system and neuroendocrine system, which may be the new strategy to improve immune function. Our research provides insights into disease prevention and treatment in fish farming. Abstract Pathogenic infection of fishes is an important constraining factor affecting marine aquaculture. Insufficient understanding of the molecular mechanisms has affected the diagnosis and corresponding treatment. Here, we reported the dynamic changes of gene expression patterns in the Chinese tongue sole kidney at 16 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h after Vibrio harveyi infection. In total, 366, 214, 115 and 238 differentially expressed genes were obtained from the 16 h−vs. −C, 48 h−vs. −C, 72 h−vs. −C and 96 h−vs. −C group comparisons, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed rapid up-regulation of several immune-related pathways, including IL-17, TNF and TLR signaling pathway. More importantly, time-series analyses of transcriptome showed that immune genes were specifically up-regulated in a short period of time and then decreased. The expression levels of chemokines increased after infection and reached a peak at 16 h. Specifically, Jak-STAT signaling pathway played a crucial role in the regulation during Vibrio harveyi infection. In the later stages of infection, genes in the neuroendocrine pathway, such as glucocorticoid-related genes, were activated in the kidney, indicating a close connection between the immune system and neuroendocrine system. Our dynamic transcriptome analyses provided profound insight into the gene expression profile and investigation of immunogenetic mechanisms of Chinese tongue sole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Zhang
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China;
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266072, China; (X.H.); (W.M.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Xiancai Hao
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266072, China; (X.H.); (W.M.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Wenxiu Ma
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266072, China; (X.H.); (W.M.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Tengfei Zhu
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266072, China; (X.H.); (W.M.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266072, China; (X.H.); (W.M.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266072, China; (X.H.); (W.M.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (C.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Kaiqiang Liu
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266072, China; (X.H.); (W.M.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (C.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Changwei Shao
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266072, China; (X.H.); (W.M.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (C.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266072, China; (X.H.); (W.M.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.W.); (K.L.); (C.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Correspondence:
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Comparative Analysis of Blood Transcriptome in the Yangtze Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis). FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) is the sole freshwater subspecies of Neophocaenaphocaenoides, and there is a lack of data on its transcriptome. In this study, we applied RNA-seq technology to assemble, de novo, a transcriptome and analyzed differential expressed genes (DEGs). About 6 Gb of clean data was generated for the Yangtze finless porpoise blood (n = 6) through de novo sequencing. In total, 151,211 unigenes were generated and a total of 119,039 of these unigenes (78.72%) were functionally annotated when searched for within the NCBI Nr, SwissProt, GO, COG, and KEGG databases. Diverse and extensive expressed gene catalogs were sampled for the Yangtze finless porpoise. DESeq2 was used to analyze the differential expression genes (DEGs) obtained from the assembled transcriptome. The results indicated that DEGs have close relationships with the Yangtze finless porpoise’s development, evolution and adaptation. Further, we found that genes involved in cetacean TAG synthesis might directly explain the molecular basis of cetacean blubber thickening. These transcriptome data will assist in understanding molecular mechanisms of Yangtze finless porpoise adaptation.
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Wang R, Huang Y, Shi Y, Zhao Z. Transcriptome Analysis of the Kidney of Obscure Puffer, Takifugu obscurus, Challenged with Poly(I:C). Zoolog Sci 2022; 39:198-205. [DOI: 10.2108/zs210070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Wang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China
| | - Yan Shi
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China
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Falco A, Bello-Perez M, Díaz-Puertas R, Mold M, Adamek M. Update on the Inactivation Procedures for the Vaccine Development Prospects of a New Highly Virulent RGNNV Isolate. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121441. [PMID: 34960187 PMCID: PMC8705346 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) caused by the nervous necrosis virus (NNV) affects a broad range of primarily marine fish species, with mass mortality rates often seen among larvae and juveniles. Its genetic diversification may hinder the effective implementation of preventive measures such as vaccines. The present study describes different inactivation procedures for developing an inactivated vaccine against a new NNV isolate confirmed to possess deadly effects upon the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), an important Mediterranean farmed fish species that is highly susceptible to this disease. First, an NNV isolate from seabass adults diagnosed with VNN was rescued and the sequences of its two genome segments (RNA1 and RNA2) were classified into the red-spotted grouper NNV (RGNNV) genotype, closely clustering to the highly pathogenic 283.2009 isolate. The testing of different inactivation procedures revealed that the virus particles of this isolate showed a marked resistance to heat (for at least 60 °C for 120 min with and without 1% BSA) but that they were fully inactivated by 3 mJ/cm2 UV-C irradiation and 24 h 0.2% formalin treatment, which stood out as promising NNV-inactivation procedures for potential vaccine candidates. Therefore, these procedures are feasible, effective, and rapid response strategies for VNN control in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Falco
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Healthcare Biotechnology in Elche (IDiBE), Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain; (M.B.-P.); (R.D.-P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Melissa Bello-Perez
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Healthcare Biotechnology in Elche (IDiBE), Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain; (M.B.-P.); (R.D.-P.)
| | - Rocío Díaz-Puertas
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Healthcare Biotechnology in Elche (IDiBE), Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain; (M.B.-P.); (R.D.-P.)
| | - Matthew Mold
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Mikolaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
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Xing J, Jiang X, Xu H, Sheng X, Tang X, Chi H, Zhan W. Local immune responses to VAA DNA vaccine against Listonella anguillarum in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Mol Immunol 2021; 134:141-149. [PMID: 33773157 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of DNA vaccine is associated closely with the expression of the antigen and the intensity of local immune responses. In our previous study, a recombinant DNA plasmid expressing the VAA protein (pVAA) of Listonella anguillarum has been proved to have a good protection against the infection of L. anguillarum. In the present study, the local immune responses eliciting by immunizing flounder with intramuscular (I.M.) injection of pVAA was investigated at the cellular and genetic level, the muscle at the injection site at 7th post vaccination day was sampled and analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry (FCM), RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq)-based transcriptomics and RT-qPCR. Then variations on the specific antibodies in serum at 1st-6th post vaccination week and the relative percent survival rate (RPS) at following 14 days after challenge were measured. The H&E results showed that inflammatory cells and immune cells significantly increased at the injection site. The IHC using monoclonal antibody against T cell markers revealed that both CD4-1+ and CD4-2+ T lymphocytes were recruited to the injection site and FCM results showed that the proportion of CD4-1+ cells in pVAA immunized group was 28.6 %, in the control group was 8.7 %, and that of CD4-2+ cells in two groups was 21.2 % and 8.5 %, respectively. These results indicating that the proportion of CD4+ cells in the immune group was significantly increased compared with the control group. Moreover, there were 2551 genes differently expressed in pVAA immunized group, KEGG analysis showed the genes involved in the signal transduction and immune system, and surface markers for B-cells genes, T-cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs) genes were highly upregulated, suggesting the activation of the systemic immune responses. Antibody specific anti-L. anguillarum or anti-rVAA antibodies were significantly induced at 2nd post-immunization week, that reached a peak at 4-5th week. RPS in pVAA group was 53.85±3.64 %. In conclusion, pVAA induced effective local immune responses and then the systematic response. This probably is the main contribution of pVAA to effective protection against L. anguillarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Hongsen Xu
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Qingdao 266071, China.
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11
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Zhai S, Xiao Y, Tang Y, Wan Q, Guo S. Transcriptome of Edwardsiella anguillarum in vivo and in vitro revealed two-component system, ABC transporter and flagellar assembly are three pathways pathogenic to European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Microb Pathog 2021; 153:104801. [PMID: 33610715 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella anguillarum is one of the common bacterial pathogens for the cultivated eels in China. The aim of this study was to reveal the cause of E. anguillarum pathogenic to European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from the perspective of the transcriptome. In this study, we first prepared E. anguillarum cultured in vitro and analysed the whole transcriptome after extracting the total RNA. Then, eels were i.p injected with E. anguillarum, and total RNA were extracted from the liver of European eels 48 h after the infection. After sequencing the transcriptome, we obtained average 1.97 × 108 clean reads cultured in vitro and 1.36 × 105 clean reads located in vivo after annotating all reads into the genome of E. anguillarum. The whole transcriptome showed, compared to the E. anguillarum cultured in vitro, 503 significantly up and 657 significantly down-regulated different expressed genes (DEGs) were observed. KEGG analysis showed that 38 DEGs of Two-Component System, 41 DEGs of ABC transporter, and 10 DEGs flagellar assembly pathways were highly upregulated in E. anguillarum located in vivo. Then, we designed primers to analyse the up-regulated DEGs through qRT-PCR and confirmed some up-regulated DEGs. The results of this study provide important reference for the further study of pathogen-host interaction between E. anguillarum and European eel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Zhai
- Jimei University Fisheries College / Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel. Ministry of Education of PR China, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - YiQun Xiao
- Jimei University Fisheries College / Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel. Ministry of Education of PR China, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - YiJun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, 800 Algoma Blvd., Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - Qijuan Wan
- Jimei University Fisheries College / Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel. Ministry of Education of PR China, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Songlin Guo
- Jimei University Fisheries College / Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel. Ministry of Education of PR China, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Hwang JY, Lee UH, Heo MJ, Jeong JM, Kwon MG, Jee BY, Park CI, Park JW. RNA-seq transcriptome analysis in flounder cells to compare innate immune responses to low- and high-virulence viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus. Arch Virol 2020; 166:191-206. [PMID: 33145636 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a rhabdovirus that causes high mortality in cultured flounder. Viral growth and virulence rely on the ability to inhibit the cellular innate immune response. In this study, we investigated differences in the modulation of innate immune responses of HINAE flounder cells infected with low- and high-virulence VHSV strains at a multiplicity of infection of 1 for 12 h and 24 h and performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq)-based transcriptome analysis. A total of 193 and 170 innate immune response genes were differentially expressed by the two VHSV strains at 12 and 24 h postinfection (hpi), respectively. Of these, 73 and 77 genes showed more than a twofold change in their expression at 12 and 24 hpi, respectively. Of the genes with more than twofold changes, 22 and 11 genes showed high-virulence VHSV specificity at 12 and 24 hpi, respectively. In particular, IL-16 levels were more than two time higher and CCL20a.3, CCR6b, CCL36.1, Casp8L2, CCR7, and Trim46 levels were more than two times lower in high-virulence-VHSV-infected cells than in low-virulence-VHSV-infected cells at both 12 and 24 hpi. Quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed the changes in expression of the ten mRNAs with the most significantly altered expression. This is the first study describing the genome-wide analysis of the innate immune response in VHSV-infected flounder cells, and we have identified innate immune response genes that are specific to a high-virulence VHSV strain. The data from this study can contribute to a greater understanding of the molecular basis of VHSV virulence in flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Youn Hwang
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Institute Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Korea
| | - Unn Hwa Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Korea
| | - Min Jin Heo
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam, 650-160, Korea
| | - Ji Min Jeong
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Institute Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Korea
| | - Mun Gyeong Kwon
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Institute Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Korea
| | - Bo Young Jee
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Institute Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam, 650-160, Korea.
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Korea.
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Kim KI, Lee UH, Cho M, Jung SH, Min EY, Park JW. Transcriptome analysis based on RNA-seq of common innate immune responses of flounder cells to IHNV, VHSV, and HIRRV. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239925. [PMID: 32986779 PMCID: PMC7521715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) and hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV) belong to the genus Novirhabdovirus and are the causative agents of a serious disease in cultured flounder. However, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), a prototype of the genus Novirhabdovirus, does not cause disease in flounder. To determine whether IHNV growth is restricted in flounder cells, we compared the growth of IHNV with that of VHSV and HIRRV in hirame natural embryo (HINAE) cells infected with novirhabdoviruses at 1 multiplicity of infection. Unexpectedly, we found that IHNV grew as well as VHSV and HIRRV. For successful growth in host cells, viruses modulate innate immune responses exerted by virus-infected cells. Our results suggest that IHNV, like VHSV and HIRRV, has evolved the ability to overcome the innate immune response of flounder cells. To determine the innate immune response genes of virus-infected HINAE cells which are commonly modulated by the three novirhabdoviruses, we infected HINAE cells with novirhabdoviruses at multiplicity of infection (MOI) 1 and performed an RNA sequencing-based transcriptome analysis at 24 h post-infection. We discovered ~12,500 unigenes altered by novirhabdovirus infection and found that many of these were involved in multiple cellular pathways. After novirhabdovirus infection, 170 genes involved in the innate immune response were differentially expressed compared to uninfected cells. Among them, 9 genes changed expression by more than 2-fold and were commonly modulated by all three novirhabdoviruses. Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1), Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein (TIRAP), cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11, duplicate 5 (CXCL11.5), and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) were up-regulated, whereas C-C motif chemokine receptor 6a (CCR6a), interleukin-12a (IL12a), and Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) were down-regulated. These genes have been reported to be involved in antiviral responses and, thus, their modulation may be critical for the growth of novirhabdovirus in flounder cells. This is the first report to identify innate immune response genes in flounder that are commonly modulated by IHNV, VHSV, and HIRRV. These data will provide new insights into how novirhabdoviruses survive the innate immune response of flounder cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Il Kim
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Korea
| | - Unn Hwa Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Miyoung Cho
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Jung
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Young Min
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Hwang JY, Kwon MG, Seo JS, Hwang SD, Jeong JM, Lee JH, Jeong AR, Jee BY. Current use and management of commercial fish vaccines in Korea. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:20-27. [PMID: 32272258 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aquaculture industry in Korea has grown rapidly since the 1960s, and it is a major food source. However, the expansion of aquaculture systems has increased the chances of infectious disease outbreaks, and vaccination plays an important role in commercial fish farming. This is the first comprehensive review of commercial fish vaccines in Korea. It not only provides an overview of commercially available fish vaccines and their associated approval processes and laws, but also some perspectives on research advances regarding fish vaccines in Korea. In Korea, fish vaccines are approved only after their safety and effectiveness have been verified according to the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, and after approval, each vaccine lot must pass the national evaluation criteria. As of the end of 2019, 29 vaccines were approved for 10 fish pathogens, including both single and combination vaccines containing more than two inactivated pathogens. The approved fish vaccines consist of 2 immersion vaccines, as well as 1 intramuscular and 26 intraperitoneal vaccines, which require syringe injection. All the 29 vaccines are manufactured as formalin-inactivated vaccines; 1 is an adjuvant vaccine and 28 are non-adjuvant vaccines; 25 are bacterial vaccines, 2 are viral vaccines, 1 is a parasite vaccine, and 1 is a parasite and bacterial vaccine. In terms of the target fish species, 27 vaccines are used in the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), 1 in the starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), and 1 in the red seabream (Pagrus major), striped beakfish (Oplegnathus fasciatus), and amberjack (Seriola quinqueradiata). This imbalance exists mostly because the olive flounder is the main farmed fish species in Korea. In 2018, 67.71 million vaccine doses were distributed following satisfactory performance in the national evaluation. They were used to vaccinate approximately 80.6% of farmed olive flounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Youn Hwang
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mun Gyeong Kwon
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Soo Seo
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Don Hwang
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Jeong
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Lee
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Reum Jeong
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Young Jee
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
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15
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Tian Y, Wen H, Qi X, Mao X, Shi Z, Li J, He F, Yang W, Zhang X, Li Y. Analysis of apolipoprotein multigene family in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) and their expression profiles in response to Vibrio harveyi infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:111-118. [PMID: 31176005 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoproteins (Apos), which are the protein components of plasma lipoproteins, play important roles in lipid transport in vertebrates. It has been demonstrated that in teleosts, several Apos display antimicrobial activity and play crucial roles in innate immunity. Despite their importance, apo genes have not been systematically characterized in many aquaculture fish species. In our study, a complete set of 23 apo genes was identified and annotated from spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus). Phylogenetic and homology analyses provided evidence for their annotation and evolutionary relationships. To investigate their potential roles in the immune response, the expression patterns of 23 apo genes were determined in the liver and intestine by qRT-PCR after Vibrio harveyi infection. After infection, a total of 20 differentially expressed apo genes were observed, and their expression profiles varied among the genes and tissues. 5 apo genes (apoA1, apoA4a.1, apoC2, apoF and apoO) were dramatically induced or suppressed (log2 fold change >4, P < 0.05), suggesting their involvement in the immune response of spotted sea bass. Our study provides a valuable foundation for future studies aimed at uncovering the specific roles of each apo gene during bacterial infection in spotted sea bass and other teleost species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Xuebin Mao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Zhijie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Jifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Wenzhao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
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Whole transcriptome analysis of the Atlantic cod vaccine response reveals subtle changes in adaptive immunity. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 31:100597. [PMID: 31176987 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.100597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Atlantic cod has lost the Major Histocompatibility complex class II pathway - central to pathogen presentation, humoral response and immunity. Here, we investigate the immunological response of Atlantic cod subsequent to dip vaccination with Vibrioanguillarum bacterin using transcriptome sequencing. The experiment was conducted on siblings from an Atlantic cod family found to be highly susceptible towards vibriosis where vaccination has demonstrated improved pathogen resistance. Gene expression analyses at 2, 4, 21 and 42 days post vaccination revealed GO-term enrichment for muscle, neuron and metabolism-related pathways. In-depth characterization of immune-related GO terms demonstrated down-regulation of MHCI antigen presentation, C-type lectin receptor signaling and granulocyte activation over time. Phagocytosis, interferon-gamma signaling and negative regulation of innate immunity were increasingly up-regulated over time. Individual differentially expressed immune genes implies weak initiation of acute phase proteins with little or no inflammation. Furthermore, gene expression indicates presence of T-cells, NK-like cells, B-cells and monocytes/macrophages. Three MHCI transcripts were up-regulated with B2M and SEC61. Overall, we find no clear immune-related transcriptomic response which could be attributed to Atlantic cod's alternative immune system. However, we cannot rule out that this response is related to vaccination protocol/sampling strategy. Earlier functional studies demonstrate significant memory in Atlantic cod post dip vaccination and combined with our results indicate the presence of other adaptive immunity mechanisms. In particular, we suggest that further investigations should look into CD8+ memory T-cells, γδ T-cells, T-cell independent memory or memory induced through NK-like/other lymphoid cells locally in the mucosal lining for this particular vaccination strategy.
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Nam GH, Mishra A, Gim JA, Lee HE, Jo A, Yoon D, Kim A, Kim WJ, Ahn K, Kim DH, Kim S, Cha HJ, Choi YH, Park CI, Kim HS. Gene expression profiles alteration after infection of virus, bacteria, and parasite in the Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Sci Rep 2018; 8:18065. [PMID: 30584247 PMCID: PMC6305387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is one of economically valuable fish species in the East Asia. In comparison with its economic importance, available genomic information of the olive flounder is very limited. The mass mortality caused by variety of pathogens (virus, bacteria and parasites) is main problem in aquaculture industry, including in olive flounder culture. In this study, we carried out transcriptome analysis using the olive flounder gill tissues after infection of three types of pathogens (Virus; Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, Bacteria; Streptococcus parauberis, and Parasite; Miamiensis avidus), respectively. As a result, we identified total 12,415 differentially expressed genes (DEG) from viral infection, 1,754 from bacterial infection, and 795 from parasite infection, respectively. To investigate the effects of pathogenic infection on immune response, we analyzed Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis with DEGs and sorted immune-related GO terms per three pathogen groups. Especially, we verified various GO terms, and genes in these terms showed down-regulated expression pattern. In addition, we identified 67 common genes (10 up-regulated and 57 down-regulated) present in three pathogen infection groups. Our goals are to provide plenty of genomic knowledge about olive flounder transcripts for further research and report genes, which were changed in their expression after specific pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Hwi Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Anshuman Mishra
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-An Gim
- Center for Convergence Approaches in Drug Development (CCADD), Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Eun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Jo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahran Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Kung Ahn
- Theragen ETEX Bio Institute, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, 49267, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, 47227, Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, 53064, Korea
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Liu QN, Xin ZZ, Liu Y, Zhang DZ, Jiang SH, Chai XY, Wang ZF, Zhang HB, Bian XG, Zhou CL, Tang BP. De novo transcriptome assembly and analysis of differential gene expression following lipopolysaccharide challenge in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 73:84-91. [PMID: 29191796 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, has been recognized as an important freshwater aquaculture species in Eastern and Southeast Asia. To gain a better understanding of the immune response in P. fulvidraco, we analyzed its transcriptome following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was used as control. Following assembly and annotation, 72,152 unigenes with an average length of 1090 bp were identified. A total of 370 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the P. fulvidraco were observed at 12 h post LPS treatment, including 197 up-regulated genes and 173 down-regulated genes. Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (KOG/COG) annotation demonstrated that a total of 18,819 unigenes classified into 26 categories. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed 20 biological process subcategories, 7 cellular component subcategories and 20 molecular function subcategories. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis identified immune responses pathways. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction measured the expression of 18 genes involved in the immune response. CXCL2-like chemokine (CXCL2), goose-type lysozyme (LYZ G), and cathepsin K (CTSK) were significantly up-regulated. This study enriches the P. fulvidraco transcriptome database and provides insight into the immune response of P. fulvidraco against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ning Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, PR China.
| | - Zhao-Zhe Xin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, PR China
| | - Dai-Zhen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, PR China
| | - Sen-Hao Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, PR China
| | - Xin-Yue Chai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, PR China
| | - Zheng-Fei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, PR China
| | - Hua-Bin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, PR China
| | - Xun-Guang Bian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, PR China.
| | - Chun-Lin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, PR China
| | - Bo-Ping Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, PR China.
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19
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Sudhagar A, Kumar G, El-Matbouli M. Transcriptome Analysis Based on RNA-Seq in Understanding Pathogenic Mechanisms of Diseases and the Immune System of Fish: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010245. [PMID: 29342931 PMCID: PMC5796193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the advent of next-generation sequencing along with the development of various bioinformatics tools, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq)-based transcriptome analysis has become much more affordable in the field of biological research. This technique has even opened up avenues to explore the transcriptome of non-model organisms for which a reference genome is not available. This has made fish health researchers march towards this technology to understand pathogenic processes and immune reactions in fish during the event of infection. Recent studies using this technology have altered and updated the previous understanding of many diseases in fish. RNA-Seq has been employed in the understanding of fish pathogens like bacteria, virus, parasites, and oomycetes. Also, it has been helpful in unraveling the immune mechanisms in fish. Additionally, RNA-Seq technology has made its way for future works, such as genetic linkage mapping, quantitative trait analysis, disease-resistant strain or broodstock selection, and the development of effective vaccines and therapies. Until now, there are no reviews that comprehensively summarize the studies which made use of RNA-Seq to explore the mechanisms of infection of pathogens and the defense strategies of fish hosts. This review aims to summarize the contemporary understanding and findings with regard to infectious pathogens and the immune system of fish that have been achieved through RNA-Seq technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sudhagar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria.
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Rohtak Centre, Haryana 124411, India.
| | - Gokhlesh Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria.
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria.
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Temperature-dependent immune response of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) infected with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). Genes Genomics 2017; 40:315-320. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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21
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Jacobson G, Muncaster S, Mensink K, Forlenza M, Elliot N, Broomfield G, Signal B, Bird S. Omics and cytokine discovery in fish: Presenting the Yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) as a case study. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 75:63-76. [PMID: 28416435 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A continued programme of research is essential to overcome production bottlenecks in any aquacultured fish species. Since the introduction of genetic and molecular techniques, the quality of immune research undertaken in fish has greatly improved. Thousands of species specific cytokine genes have been discovered, which can be used to conduct more sensitive studies to understand how fish physiology is affected by aquaculture environments or disease. Newly available transcriptomic technologies, make it increasingly easier to study the immunogenetics of farmed species for which little data exists. This paper reviews how the application of transcriptomic procedures such as RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) can advance fish research. As a case study, we present some preliminary findings using RNA-Seq to identify cytokine related genes in Seriola lalandi. These will allow in-depth investigations to understand the immune responses of these fish in response to environmental change or disease and help in the development of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Jacobson
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Simon Muncaster
- School Applied Science, Bay of Plenty Polytechnic, 70 Windermere Dr, Poike, Tauranga 3112, New Zealand
| | - Koen Mensink
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Forlenza
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nick Elliot
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Grant Broomfield
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Beth Signal
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Steve Bird
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
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