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Zhen LL, Feng L, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Tang L, Li SW, Zhong CB, Zhou XQ. Exploring the novel benefits of leucine: Protecting nitrite-induced liver damage in sub-adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) through regulating mitochondria quality control. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109690. [PMID: 38866347 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Leucine is an essential amino acid for fish. The ability of leucine to resist stress in fish has not been reported. Nitrite is a common pollutant in the aquatic environment. Therefore, we investigated the effects of dietary leucine on growth performance and nitrite-induced liver damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and apoptosis for sub-adult grass carp. A total of 450 grass carp (615.91 ± 1.15 g) were selected and randomly placed into 18 net cages. The leucine contents of the six diets were 2.91, 5.90, 8.92, 11.91, 14.93, and 17.92 g/kg, respectively. After a 9-week feeding trial, the nitrite exposure experiment was set up for 96 h. These results indicated that dietary leucine significantly promoted FW, WG, PWG, and SGR of sub-adult grass carp (P < 0.05). Appropriate levels of dietary leucine (11.91-17.92 g/kg) decreased the activities of serum parameters (glucose, cortisol, and methemoglobin contents, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase), the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-). In addition, appropriate levels of dietary leucine (11.91-17.92 g/kg) increased the mRNA levels of mitochondrial biogenesis genes (PGC-1α, Nrf1/2, TFAM), fusion-related genes (Opa1, Mfn1/2) (P < 0.05), and decreased the mRNA levels of caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9, fission-related gene (Drp1), mitophagy-related genes (Pink1, Parkin) and autophagy-related genes (Beclin1, Ulk1, Atg5, Atg7, Atg12) (P < 0.05). Appropriate levels of dietary leucine (8.92-17.92 g/kg) also increased the protein levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), prostacyclin (p62) and decreased the protein levels of protein light chain 3 (LC3), E3 ubiquitin ligase (Parkin), and Cytochrome c (Cytc). Appropriate levels of leucine (8.92-17.92 g/kg) could promote growth performance and alleviate nitrite-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, apoptosis for sub-adult grass carp. Based on quadratic regression analysis of PWG and serum GPT activity, dietary leucine requirements of sub-adult grass carp were recommended to be 12.47 g/kg diet and 12.55 g/kg diet, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Zhen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Shu-Wei Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng-Bo Zhong
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Sui Z, Wang N, Zhang X, Liu C, Wang X, Zhou H, Mai K, He G. Comprehensive study on the effect of dietary leucine supplementation on intestinal physiology, TOR signaling and microbiota in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109060. [PMID: 37678482 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal damage and inflammation are major health and welfare issues in aquaculture. Considerable efforts have been devoted to enhancing intestinal health, with a specific emphasis on dietary additives. Branch chain amino acids, particularly leucine, have been reported to enhance growth performance in various studies. However, few studies have focused on the effect of leucine on the intestinal function and its underlying molecular mechanism is far from fully illuminated. In the present study, we comprehensively evaluated the effect of dietary leucine supplementation on intestinal physiology, signaling transduction and microbiota in fish. Juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) (10.13 ± 0.01g) were fed with control diet (Con diet) and leucine supplementation diet (Leu diet) for 10 weeks. The findings revealed significant improvements in intestinal morphology and function in the turbot fed with Leu diet. Leucine supplementation also resulted in a significant increase in mRNA expression levels of mucosal barrier genes, indicating enhanced intestinal integrity. The transcriptional levels of pro-inflammatory factors il-1β, tnf-α and irf-1 was decreased in response to leucine supplementation. Conversely, the level of anti-inflammatory factors tgf-β, il-10 and nf-κb were up-regulated by leucine supplementation. Dietary leucine supplementation led to an increase in intestinal complement (C3 and C4) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels, along with elevated antioxidant activity. Moreover, dietary leucine supplementation significantly enhanced the postprandial phosphorylation level of the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway in the intestine. Finally, intestinal bacterial richness and diversity were modified and intestinal bacterial composition was re-shaped by leucine supplementation. Overall, these results provide new insights into the beneficial role of leucine supplementation in promoting intestinal health in turbot, offering potential implications for the use of leucine as a nutritional supplement in aquaculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Sui
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chengdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Gen He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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Chen X, Feng W, Yan F, Li W, Xu P, Tang Y. Alteration of antioxidant status, glucose metabolism, and hypoxia signal pathway in Eirocheir sinensis after acute hypoxic stress and reoxygenation. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 268:109604. [PMID: 36906248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen (DO) is crucial for the survival of Chinese mitten crab (Eirocheir sinensis); low DO levels adversely affect the health of these crabs. In this study, we evaluated the underlying response mechanism of E. sinensis to acute hypoxic stress by analyzing antioxidant parameters, glycolytic indicators, and hypoxia signaling factors. The crabs were exposed to hypoxia for 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h and reoxygenated for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. The hepatopancreas, muscle, gill, and hemolymph were sampled at different exposure times to detect the biochemical parameters and gene expression. The results showed that the activity of catalase, antioxidants, and malondialdehyde in tissues significantly increased under acute hypoxia and gradually decreased during the reoxygenation phase. Under acute hypoxic stress, glycolysis indices, including hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase (PK), pyruvic acid (PA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lactic acid (LA), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose, and glycogen in the hepatopancreas, hemolymph, and gills increased to varying degrees but recovered to the control levels after reoxygenation. Gene expression data showed that hypoxia signaling pathway-related genes, including hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/β (HIF1α/β), prolyl hydroxylase (PHD), factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor (FIH), and glycolysis-related factors (HK and PK) were upregulated, showing that the HIF signaling pathway was activated under hypoxic conditions. In conclusion, acute hypoxic exposure activated the antioxidant defense system, glycolysis, and HIF pathway to respond to adverse conditions. These data contribute to elucidating the defense and adaptive mechanisms of crustaceans to acute hypoxic stress and reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- College of Fisheries and Life, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wenrong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Fengyuan Yan
- College of Fisheries and Life, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Jiangsu Haorun Biological Industry Group Co., Ltd, Taizhou 225300, China; Jiangsu Haorun National Crab Seed Technology Co., Ltd, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yongkai Tang
- College of Fisheries and Life, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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Dietary Leucine Improves Fish Intestinal Barrier Function by Increasing Humoral Immunity, Antioxidant Capacity, and Tight Junction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054716. [PMID: 36902147 PMCID: PMC10003359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study attempted to evaluate the possible impact and mechanism of leucine (Leu) on fish intestinal barrier function. One hundred and five hybrid Pelteobagrus vachelli ♀ × Leiocassis longirostris ♂ catfish were fed with six diets in graded levels of Leu 10.0 (control group), 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, and 40.0 g/kg diet for 56 days. Results showed that the intestinal activities of LZM, ACP, and AKP and contents of C3, C4, and IgM had positive linear and/or quadratic responses to dietary Leu levels. The mRNA expressions of itnl1, itnl2, c-LZM, g-LZM, and β-defensin increased linearly and/or quadratically (p < 0.05). The ROS, PC, and MDA contents had a negative linear and/or quadratic response, but GSH content and ASA, AHR, T-SOD, and GR activities had positive quadratic responses to dietary Leu levels (p < 0.05). No significant differences on the CAT and GPX activities were detected among treatments (p > 0.05). Increasing dietary Leu level linearly and/or quadratically increased the mRNA expressions of CuZnSOD, CAT, and GPX1α. The GST mRNA expression decreased linearly while the GCLC and Nrf2 mRNA expressions were not significantly affected by different dietary Leu levels. The Nrf2 protein level quadratically increased, whereas the Keap1 mRNA expression and protein level decreased quadratically (p < 0.05). The translational levels of ZO-1 and occludin increased linearly. No significant differences were indicated in Claudin-2 mRNA expression and protein level. The transcriptional levels of Beclin1, ULK1b, ATG5, ATG7, ATG9a, ATG4b, LC3b, and P62 and translational levels of ULK1, LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ, and P62 linearly and quadratically decreased. The Beclin1 protein level was quadratically decreased with increasing dietary Leu levels. These results suggested that dietary Leu could improve fish intestinal barrier function by increasing humoral immunity, antioxidative capacities, and tight junction protein levels.
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Wang MM, Guo HX, Huang YY, Liu WB, Wang X, Xiao K, Xiong W, Hua HK, Li XF, Jiang GZ. Dietary Leucine Supplementation Improves Muscle Fiber Growth and Development by Activating AMPK/Sirt1 Pathway in Blunt Snout Bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2022; 2022:7285851. [PMID: 36860449 PMCID: PMC9973133 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7285851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This research is aimed at evaluating the effects of leucine supplementation on muscle fibers growth and development of blunt snout bream through a feeding trial and a primary muscle cells treatment. An 8-week trial with diets containing 1.61% leucine (LL) or 2.15% leucine (HL) was conducted in blunt snout bream (mean initial weight = 56.56 ± 0.83 g). Results demonstrated that the specific gain rate and the condition factor of fish in the HL group were the highest. The essential amino acids content of fish fed HL diets was significantly higher than that fed LL diets. The texture (hardness, springiness, resilience, and chewiness), the small-sized fiber ratio, fibers density, and sarcomere lengths in fish all obtained the highest in the HL group. Additionally, the proteins expression related with the activation of the AMPK pathway (p-Ampk, Ampk, p-Ampk/Ampk, and Sirt1) and the expression of genes (myogenin (myog), myogenic regulatory factor 4 (mrf4) and myoblast determination protein (myod), and protein (Pax7) related to muscle fiber formation were significantly upregulated with increasing level of dietary leucine. In vitro, the muscle cells were treated with 0, 40 and 160 mg/L leucine for 24 h. The results showed that treated with 40 mg/L leucine significantly raised the protein expressions of BCKDHA, Ampk, p-Ampk, p-Ampk/Ampk, Sirt1, and Pax7 and the gene expressions of myog, mrf4, and myogenic factor 5 (myf5) in muscle cells. In summary, leucine supplementation promoted muscle fibers growth and development, which may be related to the activation of BCKDH and AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mang-mang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hui-xing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yang-yang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen-bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao-kun Hua
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiang-fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guang-zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
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Mao H, Zhang Y, Ji W, Yun Y, Wei X, Cui Y, Wang C. Leucine protects bovine intestinal epithelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis by alleviating oxidative damage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5903-5912. [PMID: 35437753 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate whether leucine (Leu) alleviates oxidative injury in bovine intestinal epithelial cells (BIECs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS BIECs were treated with H2 O2 (1 mmol L-1 ) and/or Leu (0, 0.9, 1.8 or 3.6 mmol L-1 ) for 2 h. Leu increased cell viability (P < 0.05) and decreased the release of lactate dehydrogenase (P < 0.05) in BIECs challenged by H2 O2 . Then, the cells were treated with H2 O2 (1 mmol L-1 ) and/or Leu (1.8 mmol L-1 ) for 2 h. Compared with the H2 O2 group, cells treated with Leu and Leu + H2 O2 exhibited increased (P < 0.05) mRNA and protein expression of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). BIECs treatment with Leu significantly reduced (P < 0.05) apoptosis induced by H2 O2 . BIECs were transfected with Nrf2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) for 48 h and/or treated with H2 O2 (1 mmol L-1 ) and/or Leu (1.8 mmol L-1 ) for another 2 h. Transfection with Nrf2 siRNA abrogated the protective effect of Leu against H2 O2 -induced apoptosis and the mRNA and protein expression of SOD2 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results indicate that Leu promotes the relative expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD2, CAT and GPx1) and phase II detoxification enzymes (HO-1) by upregulating nuclear Nrf2 and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, thus enhancing the antioxidant capacity of cells. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, China
| | - Wenwen Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, China
| | - Yan Yun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, China
| | - Xiaoshi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, China
| | - Yanjun Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, China
| | - Chong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, China
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The amino acid profile of Camelina sativa seeds correlates with the strongest immune response in dairy ewes. Animal 2022; 16:100621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Zheng S, Qin G, Zhen Y, Zhang X, Chen X, Dong J, Li C, Aschalew ND, Wang T, Sun Z. Correlation of oxidative stress-related indicators with milk composition and metabolites in early lactating dairy cows. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:2250-2259. [PMID: 34455709 PMCID: PMC8604139 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In highly intensive dairy farms, cows often suffer from metabolic disorders that cause severe oxidative stress. Objectives This study aimed to observe correlations and associations of oxidative stress‐related indicators with milk compositions and metabolites. Methods Twenty‐two multiparous Holstein dairy cows in early lactation were randomly selected from a commercial dairy farm. The morning milk was collected for composition and metabolites analysis. Blood was sampled via the tail vein to analyze oxidative stress‐related indicators (reactive oxygen species, ROS; catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione peroxidase, GPX; malondialdehyde, MDA) and metabolites. Results Results showed that ROS were positively correlated with CAT, GPX, SOD, and MDA. However, the levels of CAT, GPX, and SOD were negatively related to milk fat (P < 0.05). Nineteen serum and 7 milk metabolites were selected from detectable metabolites according to their correlations with ROS, CAT, GPX, and SOD (P < 0.05). Metabolic pathway analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database revealed that these metabolites are primarily involved in the metabolic pathways of carbohydrates and amino acids. Conclusions This study gave us a better understanding on oxidative stress that ROS not only increased oxidative damage (MDA) in dairy cows, but also altered some metabolites involved in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Guixin Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yuguo Zhen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P. R. China.,Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P. R. China.,Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xue Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P. R. China.,Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jianan Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Chunlai Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Natnael Demelash Aschalew
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P. R. China.,College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P. R. China.,Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Sun
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P. R. China.,Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, P. R. China
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Wang H, Pan L, Si L, Ji R, Cao Y. Effects of Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway on antioxidant defense system and oxidative damage in the clams Ruditapes philippinarum exposure to PAHs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-12906-w. [PMID: 33638075 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12906-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of antioxidant defense system which can maintain the oxidation balance in the cell. In our previous study, we first cloned the Nrf2 gene in clams and preliminarily explored the role of the Nrf2 at the transcription level. In this study, RNA interference (RNAi) technology was used to interfere with the expression of Nrf2 after being exposed to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) for 5 days to verify the role of Nrf2 in the antioxidant defense system. Besides, we examined the mRNA expression and enzyme activities of antioxidases and the oxidative damage. The positive correlations between the Nrf2 with the mRNA expression and the enzyme activities of antioxidases indicated that Nrf2 was required for the induction of these antioxidant genes. Additionally, the mRNA expression and the enzyme activities of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the Nrf2-dsRNA group were significantly higher than those in the control groups on the fifth day, indicating that the GPx is more sensitive to oxidative stress. Moreover, the oxidative damage in the RpNrf2-dsRNA group was markedly increased than control groups, indicating that Nrf2 transcriptional regulation may play an essential role in defending against oxidative damage. This study provides a foundation for further research on the mechanism of detoxification and antioxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the clams at the transcription level and the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Lingjun Si
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Rongwang Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yunhao Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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Zhao Y, Yan MY, Jiang Q, Yin L, Zhou XQ, Feng L, Liu Y, Jiang WD, Wu P, Zhao J, Jiang J. Isoleucine improved growth performance, and intestinal immunological and physical barrier function of hybrid catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli × Leiocassis longirostris. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 109:20-33. [PMID: 32991991 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine effects of dietary isoleucine (Ile) on growth performance, and intestinal immunological and physical barrier function of hybrid catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli × Leiocassis longirostris. Six hundred and thirty fish (33.11 ± 0.09 g) were randomly divided into seven experimental groups with three replicates each, and respectively fed seven diets with 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 17.5, and 20.0 g Ile kg-1 diets for 8 weeks. The results showed improvement of growth performance, feed intake, feed utilization, relative gut length (RGL), and intestinal fold height and width by dietary Ile (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, dietary Ile (12.5 g kg-1 diet) improved the activities of lysozyme (LZM), acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and the contents of complement 3 (C3), C4, and immunoglobulin M (IgM) (P < 0.05). The c-type-lectin, c-LZM, g-LZM, and hepcidin mRNA expressions in the intestine were up-regulated in fish fed diets with 10.0-20.0 g Ile kg-1 diet (P < 0.05). Dietary Ile (10.0-12.5 g Ile kg-1 diet) increased intestinal β-defensin mRNA expression partially in association with Sirt1/ERK/90RSK signaling pathway. Dietary Ile (12.5-15.0 g Ile kg-1 diet) decreased oxidative damage and improved antioxidant ability by increasing activities and expressions of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase (P < 0.05). The occludin, ZO-1, ZO-2, claudin3, and claudin 7 mRNA expressions in the intestine were up-regulated in fish fed diets with 10.0 and 12.5 g Ile kg-1 diet (P < 0.05), whereas the myosin light chain kinase gene expression was decreased in fish fed diets with 7.5-17.5 g Ile kg-1 diet. Dietary Ile (10-12.5 g Ile kg-1 diet) decreased apoptotic responses by reducing the expression of caspase3 and caspase 9 via the AKT/TOR signaling pathway. Based on the quadratic regression analysis of PWG, the dietary Ile requirement of hybrid catfish was estimated to be 12.43 g Ile kg-1 diet, corresponding to 32.05 g Ile kg-1 dietary protein. Collectively, dietary Ile improved growth performance and immunological and physical barrier function of intestine in hybrid catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ming-Yao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Long Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
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Liu XW, Zhang JX, Feng L, Jiang WD, Wu P, Kuang SY, Tang L, Shi HQ, Zhou XQ, Liu Y. Protective effects and potential mechanisms of (2-Carboxyethyl) dimethylsulfonium Bromide (Br-DMPT) on gill health status of on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) after infection with Flavobacterium columnare. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:228-240. [PMID: 32771611 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the protective effects and potential mechanisms of (2-Carboxyethyl) dimethylsulfonium Bromide (Br-DMPT) were evaluated in relation to the gill health status of on-growing young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 450 grass carp (216.49 ± 0.29 g) were randomly distributed into five treatments of three replicates each (30 fish per replicate) and were fed diets supplemented with gradational Br-DMPT (0-520.0 mg/kg levels) for 60 days. Subsequently, the fish were challenged with Flavobacterium columnare for 3 days, and the gills were sampled to evaluate antioxidant status and immune responses evaluation. Our results showed that, when compared to the control group, dietary supplementation with appropriate Br-DMPT levels resulted in the following: (1) decreased gill rot morbidity and improved gill histological symptoms after exposure to F. columnare (P < 0.05); (2) improved activities and gene expression levels (except GSTP2 gene) of antioxidant enzymes and decreased oxidative damage parameter values (reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl) (P < 0.05), which may be partially associated with the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway (P < 0.05); (3) increased lysozyme (LZ) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities and complement 3 (C3), C4 and immunoglobulin M (IgM) contents, and upregulated genes expressions of antibacterial peptides (liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2A, -2B, hepcidin, β-defensin and mucin2) (P < 0.05); (4) upregulated gene expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines (except IL--4/13B) that may be partially to the TOR/(S6K1, 4E-BP1) signalling pathway, and downregulated gene expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (except IL-12P35) may be partially to the IKK β, γ/IκBα/NF-kB) signalling pathway (P < 0.05). Taken together, our results indicate that dietary supplementation with appropriate amounts of Br-DMPT may effectively protect on-growing grass carp from F. columnare by strengthening gill antioxidant capacity and immunity. Furthermore, based on measures of combatting gill rot, antioxidant indices (MDA) and immune indices (LZ), the dietary Br-DMPT supplementation levels for on-growing grass carp are recommended to be 291.14, 303.38 and 312.01 mg/kg diet, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Wei Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jin-Xiu Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - He-Qun Shi
- Guangzhou Cohoo Biotech Co Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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12
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Ren W, Bin P, Yin Y, Wu G. Impacts of Amino Acids on the Intestinal Defensive System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1265:133-151. [PMID: 32761574 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45328-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestine interacts with a diverse community of antigens and bacteria. To keep its homeostasis, the gut has evolved with a complex defense system, including intestinal microbiota, epithelial layer and lamina propria. Various factors (e.g., nutrients) affect the intestinal defensive system and progression of intestinal diseases. This review highlights the current understanding about the role of amino acids (AAs) in protecting the intestine from harm. Amino acids (e.g., arginine, glutamine and tryptophan) are essential for the function of intestinal microbiota, epithelial cells, tight junction, goblet cells, Paneth cells and immune cells (e.g., macrophages, B cells and T cells). Through the modulation of the intestinal defensive system, AAs maintain the integrity and function of the intestinal mucosa and inhibit the progression of various intestinal diseases (e.g., intestinal infection and intestinal colitis). Thus, adequate intake of functional AAs is crucial for intestinal and whole-body health in humans and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Bin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product, Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Identification and Structure-Activity Relationship of Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function Protective Collagen Peptides from Alaska Pollock Skin. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17080450. [PMID: 31370332 PMCID: PMC6723256 DOI: 10.3390/md17080450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of collagen peptides (CPs) in intestinal mucosal protection has been approved in both cell and animal models. However, its structure–activity relationship and efficient peptide sequences are unclear, which hinders the in-depth study of its action mechanism and relative nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals development. In this work, size exclusion chromatography, cation-exchange chromatography, and RP-HPLC were used to separate Alaska pollock skin-derived collagen hydrolysates based on their molecular weight, charge property, and hydrophobicity. The intestinal epithelial barrier function (IEBF) protective effect of separated peptide fractions were evaluated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced Caco-2 cell model. Results indicated that lower molecular weight (500–1000 Da) and higher hydrophilicity of CPs were related to better IEBF protective effect. Two high-efficiency IEBF protective peptide sequences, GPSGPQGSR and GPSGLLGPK with the corresponding molecular weights of 841.41 Da and 824.38 Da, were subsequently identified by UPLC-QToF-MS/MS. Their IEBF protective ability are comparable or even better than the currently used intestinal health supplements glutamine and arginine. The present findings suggested that the hydrophilic CPs, with molecular weight between 500 Da to 1000 Da, should be preferred in IEBF protective peptides preparation. GPSGPQGSR and GPSGLLGPK might have the potential of being IEBF protective ingredients used in intestinal health supplements and drugs.
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Zheng L, Jiang WD, Feng L, Wu P, Tang L, Kuang SY, Zeng YY, Zhou XQ, Liu Y. Selenium deficiency impaired structural integrity of the head kidney, spleen and skin in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:408-420. [PMID: 30142391 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the effects of dietary selenium deficiency on structural integrity of the head kidney, spleen and skin in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 healthy grass carp (mean weight 226.48 ± 0.68 g) were randomly divided into six groups and fed six separate diets with graded dietary levels of selenium (0.025-1.049 mg/kg diet) for 80 days. Results showed that selenium deficiency (1) caused oxidative damage in part by reducing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (such as SOD, CAT, GPx, GST and GR) and glutathione (GSH) content, down-regulating the transcript abundances of antioxidant enzymes (except GSTp1) partly related to Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1a (Keap1a)/NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling; (2) aggravated apoptosis in part by up-regulating the mRNA levels of caspase-2, -3, -7, -8 and -9, which were partially related to p38MAPK/FasL/caspase-8 signalling and JNK/(BAX, Bcl-2, Mcl-1b, IAP)/(Apaf1, caspase-9) signalling; (3) damaged the tight junctions in part by down-regulating the mRNA levels of ZO-1 (except spleen), ZO-2 (except spleen), claudin-c, -f, -7, -11 and claudin-15, and up-regulating the mRNA levels of claudin-12, which were partially related to myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signalling. Interesting, selenium deficiency failed to affect the expression of GSTp1, Keap1a, occludin, claudin-b, claudin-3c, ZO-1 (spleen only) and ZO-2 (spleen only) in the head kidney, spleen and skin of grass carp. Finally, based on the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in the head kidney, spleen and skin, the dietary selenium requirements for young grass carp were estimated to be 0.558-0.588 mg/kg diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zheng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yun-Yun Zeng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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