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Wang T, Wang Y, Liu X, Gao X, Hu K. Combined Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analyses in Grass Carp Under Anesthetic Stress. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:931696. [PMID: 35899048 PMCID: PMC9309352 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.931696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ctenopharyngodon Idella, as a common freshwater bony fish, is more susceptible to various diseases than other carp species, so it has been proposed as a test organism for toxicological analysis In this study, C. idella were anesthetized with MS-222 and 2-PE, and the related anesthetic mechanism and toxic effects were revealed by transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses. When the concentration of MS-222 was 80 mg/L and 200 mg/L, 179 and 887 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively, were identified in the brain tissue of C. idella. When the concentration of 2-PE was 0.6 mL/L and 1.2 mL/L, 498 and 514 DEGs were identified. The DEGs associated with MS-222 treatment were enriched in immune pathways, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and various signaling pathways; DEGs associated with 2-PE treatment were enriched in immunity and amino acid metabolism. In total, 304 metabolites were identified using a combination of positive and negative ion modes in mass spectrometry. The common differential metabolites identified in the MS-222 high and low concentration groups were 20-HETE and 12(R)-HETE; the common significant differential metabolite identified in the 2-PE high and low concentration groups was salidroside. In combination with the transcriptomics analysis and metabolomics analysis, the results showed that with the MS-222 and 2-PE concentrations used in this experiment, the metabolism of arachidonic acid in C. idella was inhibited by MS-222, and 2-PE affected the upstream and downstream metabolic pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism, thereby affecting the metabolism of arachidonic acid. Both anesthetics induce sedation by affecting related metabolites that affect stress response and autoimmunity. Metabolomics results showed that neither anesthetic had a significant effect on cortisol expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Wang
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Fisheries Technical Extension Center, Ministry of Rural Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of FisherySciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yali Wang
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Fisheries Technical Extension Center, Ministry of Rural Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of FisherySciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Fisheries Technical Extension Center, Ministry of Rural Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of FisherySciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoning Gao
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Fisheries Technical Extension Center, Ministry of Rural Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of FisherySciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Hu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Fisheries Technical Extension Center, Ministry of Rural Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of FisherySciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Hu,
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Seibel H, Baßmann B, Rebl A. Blood Will Tell: What Hematological Analyses Can Reveal About Fish Welfare. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:616955. [PMID: 33860003 PMCID: PMC8042153 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.616955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood analyses provide substantial information about the physiological aspects of animal welfare assessment, including the activation status of the neuroendocrine and immune system, acute and long-term impacts due to adverse husbandry conditions, potential diseases, and genetic predispositions. However, fish blood is still not routinely analyzed in research or aquaculture for the assessment of health and/or welfare. Over the years, the investigative techniques have evolved from antibody-based or PCR-based single-parameter analyses to now include transcriptomic, metabolomic, and proteomic approaches and from hematological observations to fluorescence-activated blood cell sorting in high-throughput modes. The range of testing techniques established for blood is now broader than for any other biogenic test material. Evaluation of the particular characteristics of fish blood, such as its cell composition, the nucleation of distinct blood cells, or the multiple isoforms of certain immune factors, requires adapted protocols and careful attention to the experimental designs and interpretation of the data. Analyses of fish blood can provide an integrated picture of the endocrine, immunological, reproductive, and genetic functions under defined environmental conditions and treatments. Therefore, the scarcity of high-throughput approaches using fish blood as a test material for fish physiology studies is surprising. This review summarizes the wide range of techniques that allow monitoring of informative fish blood parameters that are modulated by different stressors, conditions, and/or treatments. We provide a compact overview of several simple plasma tests and of multiparametric analyses of fish blood, and we discuss their potential use in the assessment of fish welfare and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Seibel
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
- Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur mbH (GMA), Büsum, Germany
| | - Björn Baßmann
- Department of Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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Barbas LAL, Torres MF, da Costa BMPA, Feitosa MJM, Maltez LC, Amado LL, Toda YPS, Batista PDS, Cabral DAC, Hamoy M. Eugenol induces body immobilization yet evoking an increased neuronal excitability in fish during short-term baths. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 231:105734. [PMID: 33385846 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested eugenol as a suitable anaesthetic for fish. However, it has also been regarded as a toxic and aversive substance to several aquatic organisms, including fish. This study sought to assess the eugenol-induced behavioural alterations and its seizurogenic potential to fish. Moreover, a distinctive methodology for an in vivo evaluation of the brain activity was also presented. Prior to the evaluation of eugenol-induced responses, fish were exposed to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), to characterize any seizure-like patterns. Antagonizing responses to PTZ were assessed in fish receiving diazepam (BDZ) and subsequently exposed to PTZ. Tambaqui fish juveniles, Colossoma macropomum (15.8 ± 2.8 g) were used as models and assayed as follows: (i) fish exposed to PTZ (15 mM) and (ii) fish receiving a dose of BDZ (10 mg Kg-1) and later exposed to PTZ (15 mM) (BDZ-PTZ group). Thereafter, fish were evaluated throughout (iii) eugenol exposure at 65 μL L-1 (ethanolic solution) and recovery. Control fish and a vehicle control group (ethanol at 585 μL L-1) were also established. PTZ baths elicited body immobilization preceded by hyperactivity in a stereotyped seizure-like behaviour with increased EEG wave amplitude and frequency. PTZ effects in the brain were attenuated by a pre-administration of BDZ. Upon eugenol exposure, tambaqui had an intense neuronal excitability, showing a clonus-like seizure behaviour, also corroborated by the EEG patterns, which were consistent with a seizure-like response. Responses of eugenol-exposed fish resembled those of the PZT-exposed animals, with epileptiform discharges. EMG was in line with the EEG modulation, showing increased tracing oscillations and higher mean amplitudes in PTZ-exposed fish whereas in BDZ-PTZ group muscle contraction was less frequent and powerful. Fish exposed to eugenol showed initially some muscle activity followed by a loss of muscle tonus over time. In summary, our results showed that upon eugenol exposure, although a time-dependent body immobilization was attained, fish presented an intense neuronal excitability comparable to that evoked by PTZ. Eugenol failed to promote depression of the CNS and therefore may be not suitable to be used for general anaesthesia of C. macropomum. As eugenol could be implicated in seizurogenesis and be potentially toxic to the fish brain, protocols suggesting the broad use of eugenol for short-term anaesthesia or euthanasia of fish should be carefully revised, as it raises important concerns in terms of ethics and fish welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis André L Barbas
- Laboratório de Aquacultura de Espécies Tropicais (LAET), Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará (IFPA), Castanhal, PA, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Ferreira Torres
- Laboratório de Aquacultura de Espécies Tropicais (LAET), Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará (IFPA), Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | - Brenda Maria P A da Costa
- Laboratório de Aquacultura de Espécies Tropicais (LAET), Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará (IFPA), Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria Jhenneff Máximo Feitosa
- Laboratório de Aquacultura de Espécies Tropicais (LAET), Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará (IFPA), Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | - Lucas Campos Maltez
- Laboratório de Piscicultura Estuarina e Marinha, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Lílian Lund Amado
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia (ICB) e Laboratório de Pesquisas em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Ywa Perpetuo Socorro Toda
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Paula Dos Santos Batista
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Diego Arthur Castro Cabral
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Moisés Hamoy
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil.
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Dong H, Wang W, Duan Y, Li H, Liu Q, Sun Y, Zhang J. Transcriptomic analysis of juvenile Chinese sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) anesthetized by MS-222 (tricaine methanesulfonate) and eugenol. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:909-920. [PMID: 31916052 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MS-222 (tricaine methanesulfonate) and eugenol are the two frequently used fish anesthetics. This study intends to analyze the regulation of these anesthetics in Chinese sea bass, Lateolabrax maculatus, through transcriptomic analysis. L. maculatus were exposed to MS-222 or eugenol, and those without any treatments were regarded as controls. Gills and livers were extracted for transcriptomic analysis after recovery in fresh water for 6 h. Identified genes were assigned to NR, COG, SWISS, GO, and KEGG database for predicting gene functions. A FDR ≤ 0.05 and |log2(FC)| ≥ 1 were applied to determined differentially expressed gene (DEG). A total of 45,626 unigenes were annotated using at least one database. The eugenol-treated liver group presented less DEGs compared with that treated by MS-222. Both the MS-222- and eugenol-treated liver groups presented notable DEGs that participated in human disease and metabolism pathways. The eugenol group showed more pathways related to detoxification activity and xenobiotics biodegradation, and those from the MS-222 group were related to organismal system such as reproduction. By comparing gill and liver samples using the same drug, the enriched pathways were generally consistent among the three comparisons. In conclusion, eugenol and MS-222 could change the pathways related to metabolism and immunity in L. maculatus. MS-222 may trigger more damages on the fish liver and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Dong
- Fisheries Engineering Institute, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 231 West Xinggang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafei Duan
- Fisheries Engineering Institute, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 231 West Xinggang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Hua Li
- Fisheries Engineering Institute, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 231 West Xinggang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Fisheries Engineering Institute, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 231 West Xinggang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Yongxu Sun
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiasong Zhang
- Fisheries Engineering Institute, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 231 West Xinggang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510300, China.
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Sun YC, Han SC, Yao MZ, Liu HB, Wang YM. Exploring the metabolic biomarkers and pathway changes in crucian under carbonate alkalinity exposure using high-throughput metabolomics analysis based on UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. RSC Adv 2020; 10:1552-1571. [PMID: 35494719 PMCID: PMC9047290 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08090b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study is to explore the metabolomic biomarker and pathway changes in crucian under carbonate alkalinity exposures using high-throughput metabolomics analysis based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) for carrying out adaptive evolution of fish in environmental exposures and understanding molecular physiological mechanisms of saline–alkali tolerance in fishes. Under 60 day exposure management, the UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS technology, coupled with a pattern recognition approach and metabolic pathway analysis, was utilized to give insight into the metabolic biomarker and pathway changes. In addition, biochemical parameters in response to carbonate alkalinity in fish were detected for chronic impairment evaluation. A total of twenty-seven endogenous metabolites were identified to distinguish the biochemical changes in fish in clean water under exposure to different concentrations of carbonate alkalinity (CA); these mainly involved amino acid synthesis and metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, pyruvate metabolism and the citrate cycle (TCA cycle). Compared with the control group, CA exposure increased the level of blood ammonia; TP; ALB; Gln in the liver and gills; GS; urea in blood, the liver and gills; CREA; CPS; Glu and LDH; and decreased the level of weight gain rate, oxygen consumption, discharge rate of ammonia, SOD, CAT, ALT, AST and Na+/K+-ATPase. At low concentrations, CA can change the normal metabolism of fish in terms of changing the osmotic pressure regulation capacity, antioxidant capacity, ammonia metabolism and liver and kidney function to adapt to the CA exposure environment. As the concentration of CA increases, various metabolic processes in crucian are inhibited, causing chronic damage to the body. The results show that the metabolomic strategy is a potentially powerful tool for identifying the mechanisms in response to different environmental exposomes and offers precious information about the chronic response of fish to CA. We explore the metabolic biomarker and pathway changes accompanying the adaptive evolution of crucian subjected to carbonate alkalinity exposure, using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS, in order to understand the molecular physiological mechanisms of saline–alkali tolerance.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-chun Sun
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas
- Harbin 150070
- P. R. China
| | - Shi-cheng Han
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas
- Harbin 150070
- P. R. China
| | - Ming-zhu Yao
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas
- Harbin 150070
- P. R. China
| | - Hong-bai Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas
- Harbin 150070
- P. R. China
| | - Yu-mei Wang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas
- Harbin 150070
- P. R. China
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